1
|
Zhang C, Zhai Y, Gong Z, Duan H, She YB, Yang YF, Su A. Transfer learning across different chemical domains: virtual screening of organic materials with deep learning models pretrained on small molecule and chemical reaction data. J Cheminform 2024; 16:89. [PMID: 39080777 PMCID: PMC11290278 DOI: 10.1186/s13321-024-00886-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 07/21/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Machine learning is becoming a preferred method for the virtual screening of organic materials due to its cost-effectiveness over traditional computationally demanding techniques. However, the scarcity of labeled data for organic materials poses a significant challenge for training advanced machine learning models. This study showcases the potential of utilizing databases of drug-like small molecules and chemical reactions to pretrain the BERT model, enhancing its performance in the virtual screening of organic materials. By fine-tuning the BERT models with data from five virtual screening tasks, the version pretrained with the USPTO-SMILES dataset achieved R2 scores exceeding 0.94 for three tasks and over 0.81 for two others. This performance surpasses that of models pretrained on the small molecule or organic materials databases and outperforms three traditional machine learning models trained directly on virtual screening data. The success of the USPTO-SMILES pretrained BERT model can be attributed to the diverse array of organic building blocks in the USPTO database, offering a broader exploration of the chemical space. The study further suggests that accessing a reaction database with a wider range of reactions than the USPTO could further enhance model performance. Overall, this research validates the feasibility of applying transfer learning across different chemical domains for the efficient virtual screening of organic materials.Scientific contributionThis study verifies the feasibility of applying transfer learning to large language models in different chemical fields to help organic materials perform virtual screening. Through the comparison of transfer learning from different chemical fields to a variety of organic material molecules, the high precision virtual screening of organic materials is realized.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chengwei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Chemistry-Synthesis Technology, Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry-Synthesis Technology of Zhejiang Province, College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yushuang Zhai
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Chemistry-Synthesis Technology, Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry-Synthesis Technology of Zhejiang Province, College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ziyang Gong
- Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Engineering of Zhejiang Province, Key Laboratory for Green Pharmaceutical Technologies and Related Equipment of Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongliang Duan
- Faculty of Applied Sciences, Macao Polytechnic University, Macao, 999078, China
| | - Yuan-Bin She
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Chemistry-Synthesis Technology, Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry-Synthesis Technology of Zhejiang Province, College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yun-Fang Yang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Chemistry-Synthesis Technology, Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry-Synthesis Technology of Zhejiang Province, College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, Zhejiang, China
| | - An Su
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Chemistry-Synthesis Technology, Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry-Synthesis Technology of Zhejiang Province, College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, Zhejiang, China.
- Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Engineering of Zhejiang Province, Key Laboratory for Green Pharmaceutical Technologies and Related Equipment of Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Su A, Zhang X, Zhang C, Ding D, Yang YF, Wang K, She YB. Deep transfer learning for predicting frontier orbital energies of organic materials using small data and its application to porphyrin photocatalysts. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023; 25:10536-10549. [PMID: 36987933 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp00917c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
Abstract
A deep transfer learning approach is used to predict HOMO/LUMO energies of organic materials with a small amount of training data.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- An Su
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, P. R. China.
| | - Xin Zhang
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, P. R. China.
| | - Chengwei Zhang
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, P. R. China.
| | - Debo Ding
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, P. R. China.
| | - Yun-Fang Yang
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, P. R. China.
| | - Keke Wang
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, P. R. China.
| | - Yuan-Bin She
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, P. R. China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Exploring Deep Learning for Metalloporphyrins: Databases, Molecular Representations, and Model Architectures. Catalysts 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/catal12111485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Metalloporphyrins have been studied as biomimetic catalysts for more than 120 years and have accumulated a large amount of data, which provides a solid foundation for deep learning to discover chemical trends and structure–function relationships. In this study, key components of deep learning of metalloporphyrins, including databases, molecular representations, and model architectures, were systematically investigated. A protocol to construct canonical SMILES for metalloporphyrins was proposed, which was then used to represent the two-dimensional structures of over 10,000 metalloporphyrins in an existing computational database. Subsequently, several state-of-the-art chemical deep learning models, including graph neural network-based models and natural language processing-based models, were employed to predict the energy gaps of metalloporphyrins. Two models showed satisfactory predictive performance (R2 0.94) with canonical SMILES as the only source of structural information. In addition, an unsupervised visualization algorithm was used to interpret the molecular features learned by the deep learning models.
Collapse
|
4
|
Omar ÖH, Nematiaram T, Troisi A, Padula D. Organic materials repurposing, a data set for theoretical predictions of new applications for existing compounds. Sci Data 2022; 9:54. [PMID: 35165288 PMCID: PMC8844419 DOI: 10.1038/s41597-022-01142-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
We present a data set of 48182 organic semiconductors, constituted of molecules that were prepared with a documented synthetic pathway and are stable in solid state. We based our search on the Cambridge Structural Database, from which we selected semiconductors with a computational funnel procedure. For each entry we provide a set of electronic properties relevant for organic materials research, and the electronic wavefunction for further calculations and/or analyses. This data set has low bias because it was not built from a set of materials designed for organic electronics, and thus it provides an excellent starting point in the search of new applications for known materials, with a great potential for novel physical insight. The data set contains molecules used as benchmarks in many fields of organic materials research, allowing to test the reliability of computational screenings for the desired application, "rediscovering" well-known molecules. This is demonstrated by a series of different applications in the field of organic materials, confirming the potential for the repurposing of known organic molecules.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ömer H Omar
- University of Liverpool, Department of Chemistry, Liverpool, L69 7ZD, UK
| | - Tahereh Nematiaram
- University of Liverpool, Department of Chemistry, Liverpool, L69 7ZD, UK
| | - Alessandro Troisi
- University of Liverpool, Department of Chemistry, Liverpool, L69 7ZD, UK.
| | - Daniele Padula
- Università di Siena, Dipartimento di Biotecnologie, Chimica e Farmacia, Siena, 53100, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Costa R, Pogrebnoi A, Pogrebnaya T. Betanidin isomerisation and decarboxylation, thermodynamic and charge transfer dye properties towards dye sensitised solar cells application. J PHYS ORG CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/poc.4185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rene Costa
- Department of Materials and Energy Science and Engineering, School of Materials, Energy, Water and Environmental Sciences The Nelson Mandela African Institution of Science and Technology Arusha Tanzania
- Department of Physical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Technology and Environmental Studies The Open University of Tanzania Dar es Salaam Tanzania
- Tabora Regional Centre The Open University of Tanzania Tabora Tanzania
| | - Alexander Pogrebnoi
- Department of Materials and Energy Science and Engineering, School of Materials, Energy, Water and Environmental Sciences The Nelson Mandela African Institution of Science and Technology Arusha Tanzania
| | - Tatiana Pogrebnaya
- Department of Materials and Energy Science and Engineering, School of Materials, Energy, Water and Environmental Sciences The Nelson Mandela African Institution of Science and Technology Arusha Tanzania
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Yang G, Sui G, Liang Y, Xue X, Feng Y, Zhang B. Effects of interfacial adsorption configurations on dye-sensitized solar cell performance at the stoichiometric and defective TiO 2 anatase (101) surfaces: a theoretical investigation. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:4508-4515. [PMID: 32068228 DOI: 10.1039/c9cp06784a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Interfacial adsorption configuration plays a crucial role in influencing the photovoltaic performance of dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs), and thus, theoretical investigations are needed to further understand the impacts of different absorption configurations on stoichiometric and defective TiO2(101) surfaces on the short-circuit photocurrent density (JSC) and open-circuit voltage (VOC) of DSSCs. Herein, calculations of isolated dyes and dye/TiO2 systems were performed on the donor-π bridge-acceptor (D-π-A) type porphyrin sensitizers bearing different donor moieties and an α-cyanoacrylic acid anchoring group (T1-3), using DFT and TD-DFT methods. And, for the first time, comparative analysis of interfacial electron transfer (IET) and density of states (DOS) were carried out on dye/TiO2 systems with stoichiometric and defective surfaces to provide further insight into the electronic factors influencing the efficiency of DSSCs, which can well explain the experimental variation trends of JSC and VOC values. It turned out that attachment via the carboxyl and cynao groups in a tridentate binding mode can result in more efficient IET rates and an upshifted conduction band in comparison with those of the bidentate attachment. More interestingly, we found that the adsorption configuration on defective surfaces containing an O2c vacancy induced more upshifted CBM and relatively fast IET, especially for the bonding mode through two O atoms of the carboxyl group.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guang Yang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, P. R. China.
| | - Guomin Sui
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, P. R. China.
| | - Yuxia Liang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, P. R. China.
| | - Xiaodong Xue
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, P. R. China.
| | - Yaqing Feng
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, P. R. China. and Tianjin Co-Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China.
| | - Bao Zhang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, P. R. China.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Li Z, Omidvar N, Chin WS, Robb E, Morris A, Achenie L, Xin H. Machine-Learning Energy Gaps of Porphyrins with Molecular Graph Representations. J Phys Chem A 2018; 122:4571-4578. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.8b02842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Li
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
| | - Noushin Omidvar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
| | - Wei Shan Chin
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
| | - Esther Robb
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
| | - Amanda Morris
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
| | - Luke Achenie
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
| | - Hongliang Xin
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Yellappa S, Webre WA, Gobeze HB, Middleton A, KC CB, D'Souza F. Phenothiazine‐Sensitized Solar Cells: Effect of Number of Cyanocinnamic Acid Anchoring Groups on Dye‐Sensitized Solar Cell Performance. Chempluschem 2017; 82:896-903. [DOI: 10.1002/cplu.201700234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2017] [Revised: 06/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shivaraj Yellappa
- Department of Chemistry University of North Texas 1155 Union Circle, #305070 Denton TX 76203-5017 USA
- Government Science College Nrupathunga Rd Bangalore Karnataka 560001 India
| | - Whitney A. Webre
- Department of Chemistry University of North Texas 1155 Union Circle, #305070 Denton TX 76203-5017 USA
| | - Habtom B. Gobeze
- Department of Chemistry University of North Texas 1155 Union Circle, #305070 Denton TX 76203-5017 USA
| | - Anna Middleton
- Department of Chemistry University of North Texas 1155 Union Circle, #305070 Denton TX 76203-5017 USA
| | - Chandra B. KC
- Department of Chemistry University of North Texas 1155 Union Circle, #305070 Denton TX 76203-5017 USA
| | - Francis D'Souza
- Department of Chemistry University of North Texas 1155 Union Circle, #305070 Denton TX 76203-5017 USA
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Marom N. Accurate description of the electronic structure of organic semiconductors by GW methods. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2017; 29:103003. [PMID: 28145283 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/29/10/103003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Electronic properties associated with charged excitations, such as the ionization potential (IP), the electron affinity (EA), and the energy level alignment at interfaces, are critical parameters for the performance of organic electronic devices. To computationally design organic semiconductors and functional interfaces with tailored properties for target applications it is necessary to accurately predict these properties from first principles. Many-body perturbation theory is often used for this purpose within the GW approximation, where G is the one particle Green's function and W is the dynamically screened Coulomb interaction. Here, the formalism of GW methods at different levels of self-consistency is briefly introduced and some recent applications to organic semiconductors and interfaces are reviewed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Noa Marom
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Department of Chemistry, and Department of Physics, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Mera-Adasme R, Xu WH, Sundholm D, Mendizabal F. Calculations of the light absorption spectra of porphyrinoid chromophores for dye-sensitized solar cells. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2016; 18:27877-27884. [PMID: 27711639 DOI: 10.1039/c6cp04627d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Solar power is a strong alternative to the currently used fossil fuels in order to satisfy the world's energy needs. Among them, dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSC) represent a low-cost option. Efficient and cheap dyes are currently needed to make DSSCs competitive. Computational chemistry can be used to guide the design of new light-absorbing chromophores. Here, we have computationally studied the lowest excited states of ZnPBAT, which is a recently synthesized porphyrinoid chromophore with high light-absorption efficiency. The calculations have been performed at ab initio correlated levels of theory employing second-order coupled clusters (CC2) and algebraic diagrammatic construction using second order (ADC(2)) methods and by performing density functional theory (DFT) calculations using the time-dependent DFT (TDDFT) approach for excitation energies. The ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis) spectrum calculated at the ADC(2) and CC2 levels agrees well with the experimental one. The calculations show that ZnPBAT has six electronic transitions in the visible range of the absorption spectrum. The ab initio correlated calculations and previously reported experimental data have been used to assess the performance of several well-known density functionals that have been employed in the present TDDFT study. Solvent effects have been estimated by using the conductor-like screening model (COSMO). The influence of the addition of a TiO2 cluster to the chromophore systems has also been investigated. The results indicate that both CAM-B3LYP and Becke's "half-and-half" (BHLYP) density functionals are appropriate for the studies of excitation energies in the blue range of the visible spectrum for these kinds of porphyrinoid chromophores, whereas the excitation energies of the Q band calculated at the ab initio correlated level are more accurate than those obtained in the present TDDFT calculations. The inclusion of solvent effects has a modest influence on the spectrum of the protonated form of the studied chromophores, whereas solvent models are crucial when studying the absorption spectrum of the anionic chromophore. The calculated UV-vis spectrum for the chromophore anion is not significantly affected by attaching a TiO2 cluster to it.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Raúl Mera-Adasme
- Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, P. O. Box 653, Las Palmeras 3425, Ñuñoa, Santiago, Chile. and Departamento de Ciencias del Ambiente, Facultad de Qúimica y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Av. Libertador B. O'Higgins 3363, Casilla 40, Correo 33, Santiago, Chile
| | - Wen-Hua Xu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 55 (A.I. Virtanens plats 1), FIN-00014 University of Helsinki, Finland. and College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, 710127, Xi'an, China
| | - Dage Sundholm
- Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 55 (A.I. Virtanens plats 1), FIN-00014 University of Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Fernando Mendizabal
- Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, P. O. Box 653, Las Palmeras 3425, Ñuñoa, Santiago, Chile. and Millennium Nucleus of Molecular Engineering for Catalysis and Biosensors, ICM, Chile
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Knight JW, Wang X, Gallandi L, Dolgounitcheva O, Ren X, Ortiz JV, Rinke P, Körzdörfer T, Marom N. Accurate Ionization Potentials and Electron Affinities of Acceptor Molecules III: A Benchmark of GW Methods. J Chem Theory Comput 2016; 12:615-26. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.5b00871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Joseph W. Knight
- Physics
and Engineering Physics, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana 70118, United States
| | - Xiaopeng Wang
- Physics
and Engineering Physics, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana 70118, United States
| | - Lukas Gallandi
- Computational
Chemistry, University of Potsdam, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Olga Dolgounitcheva
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama 36849-5312, United States
| | - Xinguo Ren
- Key
Laboratory of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - J. Vincent Ortiz
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama 36849-5312, United States
| | - Patrick Rinke
- COMP/Department
of Applied Physics, Aalto University School of Science, P.O. Box 11100, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland
| | - Thomas Körzdörfer
- Computational
Chemistry, University of Potsdam, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Noa Marom
- Physics
and Engineering Physics, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana 70118, United States
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Mendizabal F, Lopéz A, Arratia-Pérez R, Zapata-Torres G. Interaction of LD14 and TiO2 in dye-sensitized solar-cells (DSSC): A density functional theory study. COMPUT THEOR CHEM 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.comptc.2015.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
|
13
|
Mendizabal F, Lopéz A, Arratia-Pérez R, Inostroza N, Linares-Flores C. Interaction of YD2 and TiO2 in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs): a density functional theory study. J Mol Model 2015; 21:226. [DOI: 10.1007/s00894-015-2771-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2015] [Accepted: 07/20/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
|
14
|
Balanay MP, Enopia CMG, Lee SH, Kim DH. Theoretical design of triphenylamine-based derivatives with asymmetric D-D-π-A configuration for dye-sensitized solar cells. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2015; 140:382-391. [PMID: 25617849 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2015.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2014] [Revised: 12/08/2014] [Accepted: 01/03/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The use of theoretical techniques in the structural development of dye-sensitized solar cells helps in the efficient screening of the dyes. To properly rationalize the dye's design process, benchmark calculations were conducted using long-range corrected exchange-correlation (xc) functionals with varying separation parameters to be able to predict the excited-state energies of triphenylamine-based dyes, namely: PPS, PSP, and PSS, wherein they differ at the π-conjugated bridge using thiophene and/or phenyl moieties. The results show that LC-ωPBE xc functional with an optimized parameter provided better correlation with the experimental results compared to the other functionals. The relative shifts of the absorption spectra, light harvesting efficiency, normal dipole moments, as well as the ionization potentials and electron affinities of the dyes were well-correlated with the experimental data. A new set of dyes was designed in an effort to increase its solar cell efficiency that was patterned after PSS with an additional donor moiety such as fluorene, cyclopentaindole, and pyrene attached asymmetrically at the triphenylamine ring. Among the newly designed dyes, analogs that contain 4-phenyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydrocyclopenta[b]indole (I) and pyrido[2,3,4-5-imn]phenanthridine-5,10(4H,9H)-dione (P2) as the additional donor moiety produced the best photophysical properties and charge-transfer characteristics for a promising dye for solar cell applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mannix P Balanay
- Department of Chemistry, Kunsan National University, Kunsan 573-701, Republic of Korea; Department of Chemistry, School of Science and Technology, Nazarbayev University, Astana, Kazakhstan
| | | | - Sang Hee Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Kunsan National University, Kunsan 573-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Hee Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Kunsan National University, Kunsan 573-701, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Nieto-Pescador J, Abraham B, Pistner AJ, Rosenthal J, Gundlach L. Electronic state dependence of heterogeneous electron transfer: injection from the S1 and S2 state of phlorin into TiO2. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2015; 17:7914-23. [PMID: 25721314 PMCID: PMC4806798 DOI: 10.1039/c5cp00296f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Ultrafast time-resolved measurements were performed on a novel pentafluorophenyl substituted 5,5-dimethyl phlorin derivative in solution and when attached to TiO2 colloidal films. The complex excited state dynamics of this porphyrinoid after S1 and S2 excitation was compared at different wavelengths and can be assigned to several subsequent relaxation mechanisms. The difference between excited state dynamics in the free molecule and when attached to an electron accepting electrode was measured. For both cases the dynamics was compared after excitation to the S1 and the S2 state. For the free molecule in solution an intermediate relaxation step was identified and assigned to a buckling motion of the tetrapyrrole ring. On the electrode, heterogeneous electron transfer (HET) times from both states were very similar and around 50 fs. Surprisingly, the large difference in the density of acceptor states that are resonant with the respective donor level of the molecule does not significantly influence HET dynamics. This result indicates that HET proceeds into intermediate transition states that are different from steady state surface states obtained from experiments or computations. The density of states (DOS) of these transient acceptor states appears not to be directly related to the corresponding surface or bulk DOS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jesus Nieto-Pescador
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716 USA
| | - Baxter Abraham
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716 USA
| | - Allen J. Pistner
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716 USA
| | - Joel Rosenthal
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716 USA
| | - Lars Gundlach
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716 USA
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716 USA
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Shu Y, Levine BG. Simulated evolution of fluorophores for light emitting diodes. J Chem Phys 2015; 142:104104. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4914294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
|
17
|
Ørnsø KB, Garcia-Lastra JM, De La Torre G, Himpsel FJ, Rubio A, Thygesen KS. Design of two-photon molecular tandem architectures for solar cells by ab initio theory. Chem Sci 2015; 6:3018-3025. [PMID: 29142685 PMCID: PMC5657411 DOI: 10.1039/c4sc03835e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2014] [Accepted: 03/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
We present new two-photon molecular architectures for photovoltaics where atomic precision can be obtained by synthetic chemistry.
An extensive database of spectroscopic properties of molecules from ab initio calculations is used to design molecular complexes for use in tandem solar cells that convert two photons into a single electron–hole pair, thereby increasing the output voltage while covering a wider spectral range. Three different architectures are considered: the first two involve a complex consisting of two dye molecules with appropriately matched frontier orbitals, connected by a molecular diode. Optimized combinations of dye molecules are determined by taking advantage of our computational database of the structural and energetic properties of several thousand porphyrin dyes. The third design is a molecular analogy of the intermediate band solar cell, and involves a single dye molecule with strong intersystem crossing to ensure a long lifetime of the intermediate state. Based on the calculated energy levels and molecular orbitals, energy diagrams are presented for the individual steps in the operation of such tandem solar cells. We find that theoretical open circuit voltages of up to 1.8 V can be achieved using these tandem designs. Questions about the practical implementation of prototypical devices, such as the synthesis of the tandem molecules and potential loss mechanisms, are addressed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kristian B Ørnsø
- Center for Atomic-scale Materials Design , Department of Physics , Technical University of Denmark , 2800 Kgs. Lyngby , Denmark . ;
| | - Juan M Garcia-Lastra
- Center for Atomic-scale Materials Design , Department of Physics , Technical University of Denmark , 2800 Kgs. Lyngby , Denmark . ; .,Department of Energy Conversion , Technical University of Denmark , Frederiksborgvej 399 , 4000 Roskilde , Denmark
| | - Gema De La Torre
- Departamento de Quimica Organica , Facultad de Ciencias , Universidad Autonoma de Madrid , Campus de Cantoblanco , 28049 Madrid , Spain
| | - F J Himpsel
- Department of Physics , University of Wisconsin-Madison , 1150 University Avenue , Madison , Wisconsin 53706 , USA
| | - Angel Rubio
- Max Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter , Hamburg , Germany.,Nano-Bio Spectroscopy Group and ETSF , Universidad del Pais Vasco CFM CSIC-UPV/EHU-MPC & DIPC , 20018 San Sebastian , Spain
| | - Kristian S Thygesen
- Center for Atomic-scale Materials Design , Department of Physics , Technical University of Denmark , 2800 Kgs. Lyngby , Denmark . ;
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Shahroosvand H, Zakavi S, Sousaraei A, Eskandari M. Saddle-shaped porphyrins for dye-sensitized solar cells: new insight into the relationship between nonplanarity and photovoltaic properties. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2015; 17:6347-58. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cp04722b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We report on the theoretical and experimental studies of the new dye-sensitized solar cells functionalized with 5,10,15,20-tetrakis(4-carboxyphenyl)porphyrin zinc(ii) complexes bearing 2- and 8-bromo substituents at the β positions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Saeed Zakavi
- Department of Chemistry
- Institute for Advanced Studies in Basic Sciences
- Zanjan
- Iran
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Urbani M, Grätzel M, Nazeeruddin MK, Torres T. Meso-substituted porphyrins for dye-sensitized solar cells. Chem Rev 2014; 114:12330-96. [PMID: 25495339 DOI: 10.1021/cr5001964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 537] [Impact Index Per Article: 53.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Maxence Urbani
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid , Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|