1
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Nakagawa T, Kato R, Iiyoshi Y, Furuya M, Kitano T, Nakamura R, Yokoyama Y, Ubukata T. A chiral photoswitch based on enantiospecific interconversion between binaphthyl and helicenoid skeletons. Chem Commun (Camb) 2024; 60:5149-5152. [PMID: 38591265 DOI: 10.1039/d4cc00364k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
A novel chiral photoswitch composed of a binaphthyl unit and a hexafluorocyclopentene ring has been synthesized. This chiral photoswitch exhibited thermally reversible photochromism between the binaphthyl and helicenoid forms based on 6π-electrocyclization. The helicity of the binaphthyl moiety was reversed upon stereospecific photocyclization and reverted back during the thermal ring opening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuya Nakagawa
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Yokohama National University, 79-5, Tokiwadai, Hodogaya, Yokohama, Kanagawa 240-8501, Japan.
| | - Ryuji Kato
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Yokohama National University, 79-5, Tokiwadai, Hodogaya, Yokohama, Kanagawa 240-8501, Japan.
| | - Yuichi Iiyoshi
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Yokohama National University, 79-5, Tokiwadai, Hodogaya, Yokohama, Kanagawa 240-8501, Japan.
| | - Masaki Furuya
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Yokohama National University, 79-5, Tokiwadai, Hodogaya, Yokohama, Kanagawa 240-8501, Japan.
| | - Tomoki Kitano
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Yokohama National University, 79-5, Tokiwadai, Hodogaya, Yokohama, Kanagawa 240-8501, Japan.
| | - Ryo Nakamura
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Yokohama National University, 79-5, Tokiwadai, Hodogaya, Yokohama, Kanagawa 240-8501, Japan.
| | - Yasushi Yokoyama
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Yokohama National University, 79-5, Tokiwadai, Hodogaya, Yokohama, Kanagawa 240-8501, Japan.
| | - Takashi Ubukata
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Yokohama National University, 79-5, Tokiwadai, Hodogaya, Yokohama, Kanagawa 240-8501, Japan.
- Typhoon Science and Technology Research Center (TRC), Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences (IMS), Yokohama National University, 79-5, Tokiwadai, Hodogaya, Yokohama, Kanagawa 240-8501, Japan
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2
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Lvov AG, Koffi Kouame E, Khusniyarov MM. Light-Induced Dyotropic Rearrangement of Diarylethenes: Scope, Mechanism, and Prospects. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202301480. [PMID: 37477021 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202301480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
Irreversible two-photon photorearrangement of 1,2-diarylethenes is a unique process providing access to complex 2a1 ,5a-dihydro-5,6-dithiaacenaphthylene (DDA) heterocyclic core. This reaction was serendipitously discovered during studies on photoswitchable diarylethenes and was initially considered as a highly undesired process. However, in recent years, it has been recognized as an efficient photochemical reaction, interesting by itself and as a promising synthetic method for the synthesis of challenging molecules. Herein, we discuss the state-of-the-art in studies on this notable process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrey G Lvov
- Irkutsk National Research Technical University, 83, Lermontov St., Irkutsk, 664074, Russia
- A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 1 Favorsky St., Irkutsk, 664033, Russia
| | - Eric Koffi Kouame
- Irkutsk National Research Technical University, 83, Lermontov St., Irkutsk, 664074, Russia
- A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 1 Favorsky St., Irkutsk, 664033, Russia
| | - Marat M Khusniyarov
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Egerlandstrasse 1, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
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3
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Qiu S, Frawley AT, Leslie KG, Anderson HL. How do donor and acceptor substituents change the photophysical and photochemical behavior of dithienylethenes? The search for a water-soluble visible-light photoswitch. Chem Sci 2023; 14:9123-9135. [PMID: 37655022 PMCID: PMC10466371 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc01458d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Dithienylethenes are a type of diarylethene and they constitute one of the most widely studied classes of photoswitch, yet there have been no systematic studies of how electron-donor or -acceptor substituents affect their properties. Here we report eight dithienylethenes bearing push-push, pull-pull and push-pull substitution patterns with different lengths of conjugation in the backbone and investigate their photophysical and photochemical properties. Donor-acceptor interactions in the closed forms of push-pull dithienylethenes shift their absorption spectra into the near-infrared region (λmax ≈ 800 nm). The push-pull systems also exhibit low quantum yields for photochemical electrocyclization, and computational studies indicate that this can be attributed to stabilization of the parallel, rather than anti-parallel, conformations. The pull-pull systems have the highest quantum yields for switching in both directions, ring-closure and ring-opening. The chloride salt of a pull-pull DTE, with alkynes on both arms, is the first water-soluble dithienylethene that can achieve >95% photostationary state distribution in both directions with visible light. It has excellent fatigue resistance: in aqueous solution on irradiation at 365 nm, the photochemical quantum yields for switching and decomposition are 0.15 and 2.6 × 10-5 respectively, i.e. decomposition is more than 5000 times slower than photoswitching. These properties make it a promising candidate for biological applications such as super-resolution microscopy and photopharmacology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sili Qiu
- Department of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford Oxford OX1 3TA UK
| | - Andrew T Frawley
- Department of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford Oxford OX1 3TA UK
| | - Kathryn G Leslie
- Department of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford Oxford OX1 3TA UK
| | - Harry L Anderson
- Department of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford Oxford OX1 3TA UK
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4
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Bovoloni M, Filo J, Sigmundová I, Magdolen P, Budzák Š, Procházková E, Tommasini M, Cigáň M, Bianco A. Unsymmetrical benzothiazole-based dithienylethene photoswitches. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:23758-23768. [PMID: 36155601 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp02325c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Herein, we investigate the structure-property relationships in a new series of benzothiazole based unsymmetrical hexafluorocyclopentene dithienylethenes (DTEs) and compare the results with the known facts for symmetric diarylethenes (DAEs). We reveal high photocyclization efficiency resulting from a significant shift of ground state equilibrium to the antiparallel conformation and a barrierless excited state pathway to conical intersection, which remains unperturbed even in polar solvents for most of the prepared DTEs. Furthermore, we uncover that the rate of back thermal cycloreversion correlates clearly more with the central C-C bond-length in the transition state than with the central C-C bond-length in the ground state of the cyclic form. Finally, our detailed vibrational spectral analysis of studied DTEs points out significant changes in Raman and infrared spectra during photoswitching cycles which pave the way for a non-destructive readout of stored information.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Juraj Filo
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University, Ilkovičova 6, 842 15 Bratislava, Slovakia.
| | - Ivica Sigmundová
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University, Ilkovičova 6, 842 15 Bratislava, Slovakia.
| | - Peter Magdolen
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University, Ilkovičova 6, 842 15 Bratislava, Slovakia.
| | - Šimon Budzák
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Matej Bel University, Tajovského 40, 974 01 Banská Bystrica, Slovakia
| | - Eliška Procházková
- NMR Spectroscopy Department, Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo Nám. 2, 160 00 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Matteo Tommasini
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Materiali e Ingegneria Chimica "G. Natta", Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo Da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Marek Cigáň
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University, Ilkovičova 6, 842 15 Bratislava, Slovakia.
| | - Andrea Bianco
- INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Brera, Via Bianchi 46, 23807, Merate, Italy.
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5
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Semionova VV, Glebov EM. SUPRAMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS FORMED BY METAL-ORGANIC FRAMEWORKS AND ORGANIC PHOTOCHROMES. REVIEW. J STRUCT CHEM+ 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s0022476622090086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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6
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Buntine JT, Carrascosa E, Bull JN, Muller G, Jacovella U, Glasson CR, Vamvounis G, Bieske EJ. Photo-induced 6π-electrocyclisation and cycloreversion of isolated dithienylethene anions. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:16628-16636. [PMID: 35766319 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp01240e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The diarylethene chromophore is commonly used in light-triggered molecular switches. The chromophore undergoes reversible 6π-electrocyclisation (ring closing) and cycloreversion (ring opening) reactions upon exposure to UV and visible light, respectively, providing bidirectional photoswitching. Here, we investigate the gas-phase photoisomerisation of meta- (m) and para- (p) substituted dithienylethene carboxylate anions (DTE-) using tandem ion mobility mass spectrometry coupled with laser excitation. The ring-closed forms of p-DTE- and m-DTE- are found to undergo cycloreversion in the gas phase with maximum responses associated with bands in the visible (λmax ≈ 600 nm) and the ultraviolet (λmax ≈ 360 nm). The ring-open p-DTE- isomer undergoes 6π-electrocyclisation in the ultraviolet region at wavelengths shorter than 350 nm, whereas no evidence is found for the corresponding electrocyclisation of ring-open m-DTE-, a situation attributed to the fact that the antiparallel geometry required for electrocyclisation of m-DTE- is energetically disfavoured. This highlights the influence of the carboxylate substitution position on the photochemical properties of DTE molecules. We find no evidence for the formation in the gas phase of the undesirable cyclic byproduct, which causes fatigue of DTE photoswitches in solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jack T Buntine
- School of Chemistry, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia.
| | - Eduardo Carrascosa
- Bruker Daltonics GmbH & Co. KG, Fahrenheitstrasse 4, 28359 Bremen, Germany
| | - James N Bull
- School of Chemistry, Norwich Research Park, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, UK
| | - Giel Muller
- School of Chemistry, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia.
| | - Ugo Jacovella
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut des Sciences Moléculaires d'Orsay, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - Christopher R Glasson
- Environmental Research Institute, School of Science, University of Waikato, Tauranga, 3110, New Zealand
| | - George Vamvounis
- College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland 4811, Australia
| | - Evan J Bieske
- School of Chemistry, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia.
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7
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Mendive‐Tapia L, Mendive‐Tapia D, Zhao C, Gordon D, Benson S, Bromley MJ, Wang W, Wu J, Kopp A, Ackermann L, Vendrell M. Rationales Design von Phe-BODIPY-Aminosäuren als fluorogene Bausteine für den peptidbasierten Nachweis von Candida-Infektionen im Harntrakt. ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2022; 134:e202117218. [PMID: 38505242 PMCID: PMC10946803 DOI: 10.1002/ange.202117218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
AbstractPilzinfektionen, die durch Candida‐Arten verursacht werden, gehören zu den häufigsten Infektionen bei Krankenhauspatienten. Die derzeitigen Methoden zum Nachweis von Candida‐Pilzzellen in klinischen Proben beruhen jedoch auf zeitaufwändigen Analysen, die eine schnelle und zuverlässige Diagnose erschweren. In diesem Beitrag beschreiben wir die rationale Entwicklung neuer Phe‐BODIPY‐Aminosäuren als kleine fluorogene Bausteine und ihre Anwendung zur Erzeugung fluoreszierender antimikrobieller Peptide für die schnelle Markierung von Candida‐Zellen im Urin. Mit Hilfe von computergestützten Berechnungen haben wir das fluorogene Verhalten von BODIPY‐substituierten aromatischen Aminosäuren analysiert und Bioaktivitäts‐ und konfokale Mikroskopieexperimente bei verschiedenen Stämmen durchgeführt, um den Nutzen und die Vielseitigkeit von Peptiden mit Phe‐BODIPYs zu bestätigen. Schließlich haben wir einen einfachen und sensitiven fluoreszensbasierten Test zum Nachweis von Candida albicans in menschlichen Urinproben entwickelt.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorena Mendive‐Tapia
- Zentrum für EntzündungsforschungDie Universität von EdinburghEH16 4TJEdinburghGroßbritannien
| | - David Mendive‐Tapia
- Abteilung Theoretische ChemiePhysikalisch-Chemisches InstitutUniversität Heidelberg69120HeidelbergDeutschland
| | - Can Zhao
- Manchester Fungal Infection GroupAbteilung für EvolutionInfektion und GenomikM139NTManchesterGroßbritannien
| | - Doireann Gordon
- Zentrum für EntzündungsforschungDie Universität von EdinburghEH16 4TJEdinburghGroßbritannien
| | - Sam Benson
- Zentrum für EntzündungsforschungDie Universität von EdinburghEH16 4TJEdinburghGroßbritannien
| | - Michael J. Bromley
- Manchester Fungal Infection GroupAbteilung für EvolutionInfektion und GenomikM139NTManchesterGroßbritannien
| | - Wei Wang
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare ChemieGeorg-August-Universität37077GöttingenDeutschland
| | - Jun Wu
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare ChemieGeorg-August-Universität37077GöttingenDeutschland
| | - Adelina Kopp
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare ChemieGeorg-August-Universität37077GöttingenDeutschland
| | - Lutz Ackermann
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare ChemieGeorg-August-Universität37077GöttingenDeutschland
| | - Marc Vendrell
- Zentrum für EntzündungsforschungDie Universität von EdinburghEH16 4TJEdinburghGroßbritannien
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8
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Mendive‐Tapia L, Mendive‐Tapia D, Zhao C, Gordon D, Benson S, Bromley MJ, Wang W, Wu J, Kopp A, Ackermann L, Vendrell M. Rational Design of Phe-BODIPY Amino Acids as Fluorogenic Building Blocks for Peptide-Based Detection of Urinary Tract Candida Infections. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202117218. [PMID: 35075763 PMCID: PMC9305947 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202117218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Fungal infections caused by Candida species are among the most prevalent in hospitalized patients. However, current methods for the detection of Candida fungal cells in clinical samples rely on time-consuming assays that hamper rapid and reliable diagnosis. Herein, we describe the rational development of new Phe-BODIPY amino acids as small fluorogenic building blocks and their application to generate fluorescent antimicrobial peptides for rapid labelling of Candida cells in urine. We have used computational methods to analyse the fluorogenic behaviour of BODIPY-substituted aromatic amino acids and performed bioactivity and confocal microscopy experiments in different strains to confirm the utility and versatility of peptides incorporating Phe-BODIPYs. Finally, we have designed a simple and sensitive fluorescence-based assay for the detection of Candida albicans in human urine samples.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - David Mendive‐Tapia
- Department Theoretische ChemiePhysikalisch-Chemisches InstitutUniversität Heidelberg69120HeidelbergGermany
| | - Can Zhao
- Manchester Fungal Infection GroupDivision of EvolutionInfection and GenomicsUniversity of ManchesterM139NTManchesterUK
| | - Doireann Gordon
- Centre for Inflammation ResearchThe University of EdinburghEH16 4TJEdinburghUK
| | - Sam Benson
- Centre for Inflammation ResearchThe University of EdinburghEH16 4TJEdinburghUK
| | - Michael J. Bromley
- Manchester Fungal Infection GroupDivision of EvolutionInfection and GenomicsUniversity of ManchesterM139NTManchesterUK
| | - Wei Wang
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare ChemieGeorg-August-Universität37077GöttingenGermany
| | - Jun Wu
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare ChemieGeorg-August-Universität37077GöttingenGermany
| | - Adelina Kopp
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare ChemieGeorg-August-Universität37077GöttingenGermany
| | - Lutz Ackermann
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare ChemieGeorg-August-Universität37077GöttingenGermany
| | - Marc Vendrell
- Centre for Inflammation ResearchThe University of EdinburghEH16 4TJEdinburghUK
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9
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Miyamoto R, Kitagawa D, Kobatake S. Fatigue resistance of photochromic diarylethene in the presence of cyclodextrins with different pore sizes. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 2022. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.20220012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ryotaro Miyamoto
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka City University, 3-3-138 Sugimoto, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka 558-8585, Japan
| | - Daichi Kitagawa
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka City University, 3-3-138 Sugimoto, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka 558-8585, Japan
| | - Seiya Kobatake
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka City University, 3-3-138 Sugimoto, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka 558-8585, Japan
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10
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"On-The-Fly" Non-Adiabatic Dynamics Simulations on Photoinduced Ring-Closing Reaction of a Nucleoside-Based Diarylethene Photoswitch. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26092724. [PMID: 34066431 PMCID: PMC8125013 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26092724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2021] [Revised: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Nucleoside-based diarylethenes are emerging as an especial class of photochromic compounds that have potential applications in regulating biological systems using noninvasive light with high spatio-temporal resolution. However, relevant microscopic photochromic mechanisms at atomic level of these novel diarylethenes remain to be explored. Herein, we have employed static electronic structure calculations (MS-CASPT2//M06-2X, MS-CASPT2//SA-CASSCF) in combination with non-adiabatic dynamics simulations to explore the related photoinduced ring-closing reaction of a typical nucleoside-based diarylethene photoswitch, namely, PS-IV. Upon excitation with UV light, the open form PS-IV can be excited to a spectroscopically bright S1 state. After that, the molecule relaxes to the conical intersection region within 150 fs according to the barrierless relaxed scan of the C1–C6 bond, which is followed by an immediate deactivation to the ground state. The conical intersection structure is very similar to the ground state transition state structure which connects the open and closed forms of PS-IV, and therefore plays a crucial role in the photochromism of PS-IV. Besides, after analyzing the hopping structures, we conclude that the ring closing reaction cannot complete in the S1 state alone since all the C1–C6 distances of the hopping structures are larger than 2.00 Å. Once hopping to the ground state, the molecules either return to the original open form of PS-IV or produce the closed form of PS-IV within 100 fs, and the ring closing quantum yield is estimated to be 56%. Our present work not only elucidates the ultrafast photoinduced pericyclic reaction of the nucleoside-based diarylethene PS-IV, but can also be helpful for the future design of novel nucleoside-based diarylethenes with better performance.
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11
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Iwai R, Morimoto M, Irie M. Turn-on mode fluorescent diarylethenes: effect of electron-donating and electron-withdrawing substituents on photoswitching performance†. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2020; 19:783-789. [PMID: 33856675 DOI: 10.1039/d0pp00064g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Diarylethene derivatives having benzothiophene S,S-dioxide groups undergo turn-on mode fluorescence photoswitching. For the practical application to super-resolution fluorescence microscopy, photoswitchable fluorescent molecules are desired to be resistant against photodegradation. Here we synthesized turn-on mode fluorescent diarylethenes having electron-withdrawing (trifluoromethyl or nitro) or electron-donating (methyl, methoxy, or dimethylamino) substituents on phenyl rings at 6- and 6'-positions of the benzothiophene S,S-dioxide groups and examined the effect of the substituents on the photoswitchiing performance. The derivatives having electron-donating substituents showed significant bathochromic shifts of the absorption and fluorescence spectra. The cycloreversion quantum yield was increased by introducing electron-withdrawing substituents, while it was decreased by the electron-donating ones. Introduction of electron-donating substituents was found to remarkably improve the fatigue resistance of the fluorescent diarylethene under continuous ultraviolet (UV) irradiation. Such highly fatigue-resistant fluorescent diarylethenes are useful for super-resolution fluorescence imaging or single-molecule fluorescence tracking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryota Iwai
- Department of Chemistry and Research Center for Smart Molecules, Rikkyo University, Nishi-Ikebukuro 3-34-1, Toshima-ku, Tokyo, 171-8501, Japan
| | - Masakazu Morimoto
- Department of Chemistry and Research Center for Smart Molecules, Rikkyo University, Nishi-Ikebukuro 3-34-1, Toshima-ku, Tokyo, 171-8501, Japan.
| | - Masahiro Irie
- Department of Chemistry and Research Center for Smart Molecules, Rikkyo University, Nishi-Ikebukuro 3-34-1, Toshima-ku, Tokyo, 171-8501, Japan
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12
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Nagasaka T, Sotome H, Morikawa S, Uriarte LM, Sliwa M, Kawai T, Miyasaka H. Restriction of the conrotatory motion in photo-induced 6π electrocyclic reaction: formation of the excited state of the closed-ring isomer in the cyclization. RSC Adv 2020; 10:20038-20045. [PMID: 35520419 PMCID: PMC9054205 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra03523h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The electrocyclic reaction dynamics of a photochromic dithiazolylarylene derivative, 2,3-dithiazolylbenzothiophene (DTA) was investigated by using time-resolved transient absorption and fluorescence spectroscopies. The closed-ring isomer of DTA undergoes cycloreversion through the conical intersection mediating the potential energy surfaces of the excited and ground states, which is in agreement with the Woodward–Hoffmann rules for the electrocyclic reactions of 6π electron systems. On the other hand, a large portion of the open-ring isomer undergoes cyclization along the distinct reaction scheme, in which the cyclization takes place in the excited state manifold leading to the formation of the excited state of the closed-ring isomer. The suppression of the geometrical motion of DTA due to the intramolecular interaction could open a new efficient reaction pathway resulting in the formation of the electronically excited state of the product. Restriction of the molecular geometry opens up a novel pathway in the cyclization reaction of a photochromic dithiazolylarylene derivative.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuhiro Nagasaka
- Division of Frontier Materials Science and Center for Advanced Interdisciplinary Research, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University Toyonaka Osaka 560-8531 Japan
| | - Hikaru Sotome
- Division of Frontier Materials Science and Center for Advanced Interdisciplinary Research, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University Toyonaka Osaka 560-8531 Japan
| | - Soichiro Morikawa
- Division of Frontier Materials Science and Center for Advanced Interdisciplinary Research, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University Toyonaka Osaka 560-8531 Japan
| | - Lucas Martinez Uriarte
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, UMR 8516, LASIR, Laboratoire de Spectrochimie Infrarouge et Raman Lille 59000 France
| | - Michel Sliwa
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, UMR 8516, LASIR, Laboratoire de Spectrochimie Infrarouge et Raman Lille 59000 France
| | - Tsuyoshi Kawai
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Division of Materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology Ikoma Nara 630-0192 Japan
| | - Hiroshi Miyasaka
- Division of Frontier Materials Science and Center for Advanced Interdisciplinary Research, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University Toyonaka Osaka 560-8531 Japan
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13
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Oplachko MV, Smolentsev AB, Magin IM, Pozdnyakov IP, Nichiporenko VA, Grivin VP, Plyusnin VF, Vyazovkin VV, Yanshole VV, Parkhats MV, Yadykov AV, Shirinian VZ, Glebov EM. Mechanism of photochromic transformations and photodegradation of an asymmetrical 2,3-diarylcyclopentenone. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:5220-5228. [PMID: 32091057 DOI: 10.1039/c9cp05744g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
A mechanistic study of the photochromic properties and photodegradation processes of an asymmetrical diarylcyclopentenone bearing thiophene and benzothiophene units using stationary photolysis, nanosecond laser flash photolysis and time-resolved luminescence was performed. It was found that the light-induced reversible isomerization of (3-(2,5-dimethyltiophen-3-il)-2-(2-methyl-1-benzylthiophen-3-il)cyclopent-2-en-1-one, compound 1) from open to closed form is a common photochromic transformation inherent to diarylethenes, while the photodegradation process proceeds in two ways. The first is a formal 1,2-dyotropic rearrangement, proceeding without the participation of oxygen. The second is the oxygen-dependent mechanism involving the excitation of the open form 1A into the triplet state, quenching of the latter by dissolved oxygen, and oxidation of the initial compound by singlet oxygen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria V Oplachko
- Novosibirsk State University, 2 Pirogova Str., 630090, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation.
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14
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Timmermans GH, Saes BWH, Debije MG. Dual-responsive "smart" window and visually attractive coating based on a diarylethene photochromic dye. APPLIED OPTICS 2019; 58:9823-9828. [PMID: 31873626 DOI: 10.1364/ao.58.009823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Controlling the intensity and manipulating the spectral composition of sunlight are critical for many devices including "smart" windows, greenhouses, and photomicroreactors, but these are also important in more decorative applications. Here, we use a diarylethene dye incorporated in a liquid crystal host to create a dual-responsive "smart" window regulated both by an electrical trigger and by specific wavelengths of light. By incorporating the same diarylethene dye in a polymerizable host and using inkjet printing, coatings can be made with complete freedom in the applied pattern design, although the electrical response is lost. The color change of the diarylethene dye can be controlled in simulated sunlight by concurrent light exposure from an LED source, allowing a manual override for outdoor use. Photoluminescence of the closed isomer of the diarylethene from the light guide edges could be used for lighting or electricity generation in a luminescent solar concentrator architecture.
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15
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Li X, Shi Y, Wang N, Peng T, Wang S. Photoisomerization of Pt II Complexes Containing Two Different Photochromic Chromophores: Boron Chromophore versus Dithienylethene Chromophore. Chemistry 2019; 25:5757-5767. [PMID: 30791171 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201900279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
In order to examine competitive photoisomerization, a series of novel photochromic PtII molecules that contain both dithienylethene (DTE) and B(ppy)Mes2 units (ppy=2-phenylpyridine, Mes=mesityl) were successfully synthesized and fully structurally characterized. Their photochromic properties were examined by UV/Vis, emission and NMR spectroscopy. It was found that the DTE unit in all three compounds is the preferred photoisomerization site, exhibiting reversible photochromism with irradiation. The B(ppy)Mes2 unit does not undergo photoisomerization in these molecules, but likely enhances the photoisomerization quantum efficiency of the DTE moiety through the antenna effect. Extended irradiation with UV light leads to the rearrangement of the ring-closed isomers of DTE. TD-DFT computational studies indicate that the DTE photocyclization proceeds via a triplet pathway through an efficient energy transfer process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Li
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science, Ministry of Education of China, Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic, Conversion Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Yonggang Shi
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science, Ministry of Education of China, Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic, Conversion Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Nan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science, Ministry of Education of China, Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic, Conversion Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Tai Peng
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, Heilongjiang, 154007, P. R. China
| | - Suning Wang
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science, Ministry of Education of China, Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic, Conversion Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, P. R. China.,Department of Chemistry, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, K7L 3N6, Canada
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16
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Xu J, Volfova H, Mulder RJ, Goerigk L, Bryant G, Riedle E, Ritchie C. Visible-Light-Driven "On"/"Off" Photochromism of a Polyoxometalate Diarylethene Coordination Complex. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:10482-10487. [PMID: 30001121 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b04900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Herein we report the first photochromic polyoxometalate (POM)-based diarylethene (DAE) coordination complex, prepared by ligation of two cobalt(III)-incorporated borotungstates [BIIIWVI11O39CoIII]6- with the ditopic pyridyl-containing diarylethene (C25H16N2F6S2). The solution-state composition, structure, and stability of the assembly were probed using 1H and 19F nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR), electrospray ionization quadrupolar time-of-flight mass spectrometry (ESI-QTOF-MS), ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV-vis), and small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS), revealing that the complex self-organizes to adopt a molecular dumbbell structure due to electrostatic and steric considerations. This conformation is a prerequisite for the photocyclization reaction. The assembly was found to be switchable between two states using visible light due to the perturbation of the DAE electronic structure on coordination to the POM. We present photophysical data, including the reaction quantum efficiency of the molecular switch in both directions measured using a custom-built quantum yield determination setup in addition to fatigue resistance on prolonged irradiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Xu
- School of Chemistry , The University of Melbourne , Melbourne , Victoria 3010 , Australia
| | - Henrieta Volfova
- Lehrstuhl für BioMolekulare Optik , Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität , Oettingenstrasse 67 , München , Germany
| | - Roger J Mulder
- CSIRO Manufacturing , Clayton , Victoria 3168 , Australia
| | - Lars Goerigk
- School of Chemistry , The University of Melbourne , Melbourne , Victoria 3010 , Australia
| | - Gary Bryant
- Centre for Molecular and Nanoscale Physics & School of Science , RMIT University , Melbourne , Victoria 3001 , Australia
| | - Eberhard Riedle
- Lehrstuhl für BioMolekulare Optik , Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität , Oettingenstrasse 67 , München , Germany
| | - Chris Ritchie
- School of Chemistry , The University of Melbourne , Melbourne , Victoria 3010 , Australia
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17
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Herder M, Eisenreich F, Bonasera A, Grafl A, Grubert L, Pätzel M, Schwarz J, Hecht S. Light-Controlled Reversible Modulation of Frontier Molecular Orbital Energy Levels in Trifluoromethylated Diarylethenes. Chemistry 2017; 23:3743-3754. [PMID: 28093831 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201605511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Among bistable photochromic molecules, diarylethenes (DAEs) possess the distinct feature that upon photoisomerization they undergo a large modulation of their π-electronic system, accompanied by a marked shift of the HOMO/LUMO energies and hence oxidation/reduction potentials. The electronic modulation can be utilized to remote-control charge- as well as energy-transfer processes and it can be transduced to functional entities adjacent to the DAE core, thereby regulating their properties. In order to exploit such photoswitchable systems it is important to precisely adjust the absolute position of their HOMO and LUMO levels and to maximize the extent of the photoinduced shifts of these energy levels. Here, we present a comprehensive study detailing how variation of the substitution pattern of DAE compounds, in particular using strongly electron-accepting and chemically stable trifluoromethyl groups either in the periphery or at the reactive carbon atoms, allows for the precise tuning of frontier molecular orbital levels over a broad energy range and the generation of photoinduced shifts of more than 1 eV. Furthermore, the effect of different DAE architectures on the transduction of these shifts to an adjacent functional group is discussed. Whereas substitution in the periphery of the DAE motif has only minor implications on the photochemistry, trifluoromethylation at the reactive carbon atoms strongly disturbs the isomerization efficiency. However, this can be overcome by using a nonsymmetrical substitution pattern or by combination with donor groups, rendering the resulting photoswitches attractive candidates for the construction of remote-controlled functional systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Herder
- Department of Chemistry and IRIS Adlershof, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Brook-Taylor-Str. 2, 12489, Berlin, Germany
| | - Fabian Eisenreich
- Department of Chemistry and IRIS Adlershof, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Brook-Taylor-Str. 2, 12489, Berlin, Germany
| | - Aurelio Bonasera
- Department of Chemistry and IRIS Adlershof, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Brook-Taylor-Str. 2, 12489, Berlin, Germany
| | - Anna Grafl
- Department of Chemistry and IRIS Adlershof, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Brook-Taylor-Str. 2, 12489, Berlin, Germany
| | - Lutz Grubert
- Department of Chemistry and IRIS Adlershof, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Brook-Taylor-Str. 2, 12489, Berlin, Germany
| | - Michael Pätzel
- Department of Chemistry and IRIS Adlershof, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Brook-Taylor-Str. 2, 12489, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jutta Schwarz
- Department of Chemistry and IRIS Adlershof, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Brook-Taylor-Str. 2, 12489, Berlin, Germany
| | - Stefan Hecht
- Department of Chemistry and IRIS Adlershof, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Brook-Taylor-Str. 2, 12489, Berlin, Germany
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18
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Semionova VV, Korolev VV, Glebov EM, Shirinyan VZ, Sapchenko SA. Photochromic properties of polycrystals: 2,3-diarylcyclopentenone and its adduct with a metal-organic coordination polymer. J STRUCT CHEM+ 2017. [DOI: 10.1134/s0022476616060238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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19
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Rapacioli M, Simon A, Marshall CCM, Cuny J, Kokkin D, Spiegelman F, Joblin C. Cationic Methylene-Pyrene Isomers and Isomerization Pathways: Finite Temperature Theoretical Studies. J Phys Chem A 2015; 119:12845-54. [PMID: 26600076 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.5b09494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
This paper provides spectral characterizations of the two isomers of the 1-methylenepyrene cation, namely, the 1-pyrenemethylium and a pyrene-like isomer owing a tropylium cycle. Both are possible photodissociation products of the 1-methylpyrene cation and were proposed as potential contributors to the diffuse interstellar bands. In that respect, vibrational and electronic spectra are computed for the optimized structures at the density functional theory (DFT) and time-dependent (TD-)DFT levels. Finite temperature effects on these spectra are estimated from molecular dynamics simulations within the density functional-based tight-binding (DFTB) and TD-DFTB frameworks, these methods being first benchmarked against DFT and TD-DFT calculations. The computed spectra allow discrimination of the two isomers. When the temperature increases, bands are observed to redshift and merge. The isomerization mechanism is investigated with the metadynamics technique, a biased dynamics scheme allowing to probe reaction mechanisms with high energy barriers by investigating the free energy surface at various temperatures. Four pathways with similar barrier heights (3.5-4 eV) are found, showing that the interconversion process would only occur in interstellar clouds under photoactivation. The present study opens the way to simulations on larger methyl- and methylenePAHs of astrophysical interest and their experimental investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathias Rapacioli
- Laboratoire de Chimie et Physique Quantiques LCPQ/IRSAMC, Université de Toulouse (UPS) and CNRS , 118 Route de Narbonne, F-31062 Toulouse, France
| | - Aude Simon
- Laboratoire de Chimie et Physique Quantiques LCPQ/IRSAMC, Université de Toulouse (UPS) and CNRS , 118 Route de Narbonne, F-31062 Toulouse, France
| | - Charlotte C M Marshall
- Université de Toulouse, UPS-OMP, IRAP , 31400 Toulouse, France.,CNRS, IRAP , 9 Avenue du Colonel Roche, BP 44346-31028 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
| | - Jérôme Cuny
- Laboratoire de Chimie et Physique Quantiques LCPQ/IRSAMC, Université de Toulouse (UPS) and CNRS , 118 Route de Narbonne, F-31062 Toulouse, France
| | - Damian Kokkin
- Université de Toulouse, UPS-OMP, IRAP , 31400 Toulouse, France.,CNRS, IRAP , 9 Avenue du Colonel Roche, BP 44346-31028 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
| | - Fernand Spiegelman
- Laboratoire de Chimie et Physique Quantiques LCPQ/IRSAMC, Université de Toulouse (UPS) and CNRS , 118 Route de Narbonne, F-31062 Toulouse, France
| | - Christine Joblin
- Université de Toulouse, UPS-OMP, IRAP , 31400 Toulouse, France.,CNRS, IRAP , 9 Avenue du Colonel Roche, BP 44346-31028 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
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20
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Fredrich S, Göstl R, Herder M, Grubert L, Hecht S. Switching Diarylethenes Reliably in Both Directions with Visible Light. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015; 55:1208-12. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201509875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Fredrich
- Department of Chemistry; Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin; Brook-Taylor-Strasse 2 12489 Berlin Germany
| | - Robert Göstl
- Department of Chemistry; Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin; Brook-Taylor-Strasse 2 12489 Berlin Germany
| | - Martin Herder
- Department of Chemistry; Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin; Brook-Taylor-Strasse 2 12489 Berlin Germany
| | - Lutz Grubert
- Department of Chemistry; Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin; Brook-Taylor-Strasse 2 12489 Berlin Germany
| | - Stefan Hecht
- Department of Chemistry; Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin; Brook-Taylor-Strasse 2 12489 Berlin Germany
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21
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Fredrich S, Göstl R, Herder M, Grubert L, Hecht S. Zuverlässiges Schalten von Diarylethenen in beide Richtungen mithilfe von sichtbarem Licht. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201509875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Fredrich
- Institut für Chemie; Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin; Brook-Taylor-Straße 2 12489 Berlin Deutschland
| | - Robert Göstl
- Institut für Chemie; Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin; Brook-Taylor-Straße 2 12489 Berlin Deutschland
| | - Martin Herder
- Institut für Chemie; Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin; Brook-Taylor-Straße 2 12489 Berlin Deutschland
| | - Lutz Grubert
- Institut für Chemie; Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin; Brook-Taylor-Straße 2 12489 Berlin Deutschland
| | - Stefan Hecht
- Institut für Chemie; Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin; Brook-Taylor-Straße 2 12489 Berlin Deutschland
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22
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Lasorne B, Fihey A, Mendive-Tapia D, Jacquemin D. A curve-crossing model to rationalize and optimize diarylethene dyads. Chem Sci 2015; 6:5695-5702. [PMID: 29910863 PMCID: PMC5975843 DOI: 10.1039/c5sc01960e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2015] [Accepted: 06/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Extra crossing points play a key role in the photochemistry of diarylethene dyads.
Going from photochromic compounds presenting a single switchable function to multi-addressable photochromic multimers remains an extremely difficult task notably because the interactions of several photochromic units through a linker generally result in a substantial loss of photoactivity. Due to their size and the intrinsic complexity of their electronic structure, coupled photochromes also constitute a fundamental challenge for theoretical chemistry. We present here an effective curve-crossing model that, used in connection with easily accessible ab initio data, allows a first understanding of the difficulty to obtain efficient multiphotochromes. Indeed, we demonstrate that extra crossing points, specific to multiphotochromes, have to be passed to ensure reactivity. In addition, the proposed approach allows the definition of an intuitive tilt criterion that can be used to screen a large number of substitution patterns and hence help in the design of new compounds, an aspect that is also developed here. The compatibility of this tilt criterion with previously proposed static Franck–Condon parameters is discussed as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Lasorne
- Institut Charles Gerhardt Montpellier , UMR 5253 , CNRS-UM , CTMM , Université Montpellier , CC 1501, Place Eugène Bataillon , 34095 Montpellier , France .
| | - Arnaud Fihey
- Chimie Et Interdisciplinarité, Synthèse, Analyse, Modélisation (CEISAM) , UMR CNRS no. 6230 , BP 92208 , Université de Nantes , 2, Rue de la Houssinière , 44322 Nantes Cedex 3 , France .
| | - David Mendive-Tapia
- Institut Charles Gerhardt Montpellier , UMR 5253 , CNRS-UM , CTMM , Université Montpellier , CC 1501, Place Eugène Bataillon , 34095 Montpellier , France .
| | - Denis Jacquemin
- Chimie Et Interdisciplinarité, Synthèse, Analyse, Modélisation (CEISAM) , UMR CNRS no. 6230 , BP 92208 , Université de Nantes , 2, Rue de la Houssinière , 44322 Nantes Cedex 3 , France . .,Institut Universitaire de France , 103 bd St. Michel , 75005 Paris Cedex 5 , France
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23
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Fihey A, Jacquemin D. Designing efficient photochromic dithienylethene dyads. Chem Sci 2015; 6:3495-3504. [PMID: 29511512 PMCID: PMC5659146 DOI: 10.1039/c5sc00856e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2015] [Accepted: 03/31/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Aiming at designing more efficient multiphotochromes, we investigate with the help of ab initio tools the impact of the substitution on a series of dimers constituted of two dithienylethene (DTE) moieties, strongly coupled to each other through an ethynyl linker. The electronic structure and the optical properties of a large panel of compounds, substituted on different positions by various types of electroactive groups, have been compared with the aim of designing a dyad in which the three possible isomers (open-open, closed-open, closed-closed) can be reached. We show that appending the reactive carbons atoms of the DTE core with electroactive groups on one of the two photochromes allows cyclisation to be induced on a specific moiety, which leads to the formation of the desired closed-open isomer. Substituting the lateral positions of the thiophene rings provides further control of the topology of the frontier molecular orbitals, so that the electronic transition inducing the second ring closure stands out in the spectrum of the intermediate isomer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnaud Fihey
- Chimie Et Interdisciplinarité, Synthèse, Analyse, Modélisation (CEISAM) , UMR CNRS no. 6230 , Université de Nantes , BP 92208, 2, Rue de la Houssinière , 44322 Nantes Cedex 3 , France .
| | - Denis Jacquemin
- Chimie Et Interdisciplinarité, Synthèse, Analyse, Modélisation (CEISAM) , UMR CNRS no. 6230 , Université de Nantes , BP 92208, 2, Rue de la Houssinière , 44322 Nantes Cedex 3 , France .
- Institut Universitaire de France , 103, blvd Saint-Michel , F-75005 Paris Cedex 05 , France
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24
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Isegawa M, Morokuma K. Photochemical Ring Opening and Closing of Three Isomers of Diarylethene: Spin–Flip Time-Dependent Density Functional Study. J Phys Chem A 2015; 119:4191-9. [DOI: 10.1021/jp511474f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Miho Isegawa
- Fukui Institute for
Fundamental Chemistry, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8103, Japan
| | - Keiji Morokuma
- Fukui Institute for
Fundamental Chemistry, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8103, Japan
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25
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Herder M, Schmidt BM, Grubert L, Pätzel M, Schwarz J, Hecht S. Improving the fatigue resistance of diarylethene switches. J Am Chem Soc 2015; 137:2738-47. [PMID: 25679768 DOI: 10.1021/ja513027s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 215] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
When applying photochromic switches as functional units in light-responsive materials or devices, an often disregarded yet crucial property is their resistance to fatigue during photoisomerization. In the large family of diarylethene photoswitches, formation of an annulated isomer as a byproduct of the photochromic reaction turns out to prevent the desired high reversibility for many different derivatives. To overcome this general problem, we have synthesized and thoroughly investigated the fatigue behavior of a series of diarylethenes, varying the nature of the hetaryl moieties, the bridging units, and the substituents. By analysis of photokinetic data, a quantification of the tendency for byproduct formation in terms of quantum yields could be achieved, and a strong dependency on the electronic properties of the substituents was observed. In particular, substitution with 3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl or 3,5-bis(pentafluorosulfanyl)phenyl groups strongly suppresses the byproduct formation and opens up a general strategy to construct highly fatigue-resistant diarylethene photochromic systems with a large structural flexibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Herder
- Department of Chemistry, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin , Brook-Taylor-Straße 2, 12489 Berlin, Germany
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26
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Boggio-Pasqua M, Garavelli M. Rationalization and Design of Enhanced Photoinduced Cycloreversion in Photochromic Dimethyldihydropyrenes by Theoretical Calculations. J Phys Chem A 2015; 119:6024-32. [PMID: 25582806 DOI: 10.1021/jp5118773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
This study presents a computational investigation of the initial step of the dimethyldihydropyrene (DHP) to cyclophanediene (CPD) photoinduced ring-opening reaction using time-dependent density functional theory (TD-DFT). In particular, the photochemical path corresponding to the formation of the CPD precursor (CPD*) on the zwitterionic state is scrutinized. The TD-DFT approach was first validated on the parent compound against accurate ab initio calculations. It confirms that CPD* formation is efficiently quenched in this system by an easily accessible S2/S1 conical intersection located in the vicinity of the CPD* minimum and leading to a locally excited state minimum responsible for DHP luminescence. Increased ring-opening quantum yields were observed in benzo[e]-fused-DHP (DHP-1), isobutenyl-DHP (DHP-2), and naphthoyl-DHP (DHP-3). The calculations show that CPD* formation is much more favorable in these systems, either due to an inversion of electronic states in DHP-1, suppressing the formation of the locally excited state, or due to efficient stabilization of CPD* on the S1 potential energy surface in DHP-2 and DHP-3. Both effects can be combined in a rationally designed benzo[e]-fused-naphthoyl-DHP (DHP-4) for which we anticipate an unprecedented efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martial Boggio-Pasqua
- †Laboratoire de Chimie et Physique Quantiques (UMR5626), CNRS et Université de Toulouse 3, Toulouse, France
| | - Marco Garavelli
- ‡Laboratoire de Chimie (UMR5182), École Normale Supérieure de Lyon/CNRS et Université de Lyon 1, Lyon, France.,§Dipartimento di Chimica "G. Ciamician", Universita' degli Studi di Bologna, Via Selmi 2, I-40126 Bologna, Italy
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27
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Matis JR, Schönborn JB, Saalfrank P. A multi-reference study of the byproduct formation for a ring-closed dithienylethene photoswitch. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2015; 17:14088-95. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cp00987a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Description of a ground state reaction path for the formation of a detrimental byproduct in the photo reaction of dithienylethene.
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28
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Abstract
We review molecular compounds encompassing several photochromic units with a focus on their functionalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnaud Fihey
- Laboratoire CEISAM
- UMR CNRS 6230
- Université de Nantes
- 44322 Nantes Cedex 3
- France
| | - Aurélie Perrier
- Université Paris Diderot
- Sorbonne Paris Cité
- ITODYS
- UMR CNRS 7086
- 75205 Paris Cedex 13
| | - Wesley R. Browne
- Center for Systems Chemistry
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry
- Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences
- University of Groningen
- 9747AG Groningen
| | - Denis Jacquemin
- Laboratoire CEISAM
- UMR CNRS 6230
- Université de Nantes
- 44322 Nantes Cedex 3
- France
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29
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Massaad J, Coppel Y, Sliwa M, Kahn ML, Coudret C, Gauffre F. Photocontrol of luminescent inorganic nanocrystals via an organic molecular switch. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2014; 16:22775-83. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cp03537b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The photoluminescence of ZnO nanocrystals is reversibly modulated via a diarylethene photoswitch, and the photophysics mechanism was unraveled.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Massaad
- Laboratoire des interactions moléculaires
- réactivité chimique et photochimique UMR5623 CNRS and Université de Toulouse-Université P. Sabatier
- 31062 Toulouse, France
| | - Y. Coppel
- Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination UPR8241 CNRS 205
- Toulouse cedex 04, France
| | - M. Sliwa
- Laboratoire de Spectrochimie Infrarouge et Raman
- Université Lille Nord de France
- Lille1
- LASIR
- , France
| | - M. L. Kahn
- Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination UPR8241 CNRS 205
- Toulouse cedex 04, France
| | - C. Coudret
- Laboratoire des interactions moléculaires
- réactivité chimique et photochimique UMR5623 CNRS and Université de Toulouse-Université P. Sabatier
- 31062 Toulouse, France
| | - F. Gauffre
- Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes
- UMR 6226 CNRS
- Université Rennes 1
- Campus Beaulieu
- 35042 Rennes Cedex, France
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