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Marlton SJP, Liu C, Watkins P, Buntine JT, Bieske EJ. Bond dissociation energies for Fe2+, Fe2O+, and Fe2O2+ clusters determined through threshold photodissociation in a cryogenic ion trap. J Chem Phys 2023; 159:024302. [PMID: 37428057 DOI: 10.1063/5.0155548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Understanding and controlling the chemical behavior of iron and iron oxide clusters requires accurate thermochemical data, which, because of the complex electronic structure of transition metal clusters, can be difficult to calculate reliably. Here, dissociation energies for Fe2+, Fe2O+, and Fe2O2+ are measured using resonance enhanced photodissociation of clusters contained in a cryogenically cooled ion trap. The photodissociation action spectrum of each species exhibits an abrupt onset for the production of Fe+ photofragments from which bond dissociation energies are deduced for Fe2+ (2.529 ± 0.006 eV), Fe2O+ (3.503 ± 0.006 eV), and Fe2O2+ (4.104 ± 0.006 eV). Using previously measured ionization potentials and electron affinities for Fe and Fe2, bond dissociation energies are determined for Fe2 (0.93 ± 0.01 eV) and Fe2- (1.68 ± 0.01 eV). Measured dissociation energies are used to derive heats of formation ΔfH0(Fe2+) = 1344 ± 2 kJ/mol, ΔfH0(Fe2) = 737 ± 2 kJ/mol, ΔfH0(Fe2-) = 649 ± 2 kJ/mol, ΔfH0(Fe2O+) = 1094 ± 2 kJ/mol, and ΔfH0(Fe2O2+) = 853 ± 21 kJ/mol. The Fe2O2+ ions studied here are determined to have a ring structure based on drift tube ion mobility measurements prior to their confinement in the cryogenic ion trap. The photodissociation measurements significantly improve the accuracy of basic thermochemical data for these small, fundamental iron and iron oxide clusters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel J P Marlton
- School of Chemistry, The University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Chang Liu
- School of Chemistry, The University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Patrick Watkins
- School of Chemistry, The University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Jack T Buntine
- School of Chemistry, The University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Evan J Bieske
- School of Chemistry, The University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
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2
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Marlton SJP, Buntine JT, Watkins P, Liu C, Jacovella U, Carrascosa E, Bull JN, Bieske EJ. Probing Colossal Carbon Rings. J Phys Chem A 2023; 127:1168-1178. [PMID: 36703560 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.2c07068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Carbon aggregates containing between 10 and 30 atoms preferentially arrange themselves as planar rings. To learn more about this exotic allotrope of carbon, electronic spectra are measured for even cyclo[n]carbon radical cations (C14+-C36+) using two-color photodissociation action spectroscopy. To eliminate spectral contributions from other isomers, the target cyclo[n]carbon radical cations are isomer-selected using a drift tube ion mobility spectrometer prior to spectroscopic interrogation. The electronic spectra exhibit sharp transitions spanning the visible and near-infrared spectral regions with the main absorption band shifting progressively to longer wavelength by ≈100 nm for every additional two carbon atoms. This behavior is rationalized with a Hückel theory model describing the energies of the in-plane and out-of-plane π orbitals. Photoexcitation of smaller carbon rings leads preferentially to neutral C3 and C5 loss, whereas rings larger than C24+ tend to also decompose into two smaller rings, which, when possible, have aromatic stability. Generally, the observed charged photofragments correspond to low energy fragment pairs, as predicted by density functional theory calculations (CAM-B3LYP-D3(BJ)/cc-pVDZ). Using action spectroscopy it is confirmed that C14+ and C18+ photofragments from C28+ rings have cyclic structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel J P Marlton
- School of Chemistry, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia3010
| | - Jack T Buntine
- School of Chemistry, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia3010
| | - Patrick Watkins
- School of Chemistry, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia3010
| | - Chang Liu
- School of Chemistry, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia3010
| | - Ugo Jacovella
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut des Sciences Moléculaires d'Orsay, 91405Orsay, France
| | - Eduardo Carrascosa
- Bruker Daltonics GmbH & Co. KG, Fahrenheitstrasse 4, 28359Bremen, Germany
| | - James N Bull
- School of Chemistry, Norwich Research Park, University of East Anglia, NorwichNR4 7TJ, United Kingdom
| | - Evan J Bieske
- School of Chemistry, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia3010
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3
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Marlton SJP, Buntine JT, Liu C, Watkins P, Jacovella U, Carrascosa E, Bull JN, Bieske EJ. Disentangling Electronic Spectra of Linear and Cyclic Hydrogenated Carbon Cluster Cations, C 2n+1H + ( n = 3–10). J Phys Chem A 2022; 126:6678-6685. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.2c05051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Samuel J. P. Marlton
- School of Chemistry, The University of Melbourne, 3010 Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jack T. Buntine
- School of Chemistry, The University of Melbourne, 3010 Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Chang Liu
- School of Chemistry, The University of Melbourne, 3010 Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Patrick Watkins
- School of Chemistry, The University of Melbourne, 3010 Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ugo Jacovella
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut des Sciences Moléculaires d’Orsay, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - Eduardo Carrascosa
- Bruker Daltonics GmbH & Co. KG, Fahrenheitstrasse 4, 28359 Bremen, Germany
| | - James N. Bull
- School of Chemistry, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, NR4 7TJ Norwich, U.K
| | - Evan J. Bieske
- School of Chemistry, The University of Melbourne, 3010 Parkville, Victoria, Australia
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Buntine JT, Carrascosa E, Bull JN, Muller G, Jacovella U, Glasson CR, Vamvounis G, Bieske EJ. Photo-induced 6π-electrocyclisation and cycloreversion of isolated dithienylethene anions. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:16628-16636. [PMID: 35766319 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp01240e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The diarylethene chromophore is commonly used in light-triggered molecular switches. The chromophore undergoes reversible 6π-electrocyclisation (ring closing) and cycloreversion (ring opening) reactions upon exposure to UV and visible light, respectively, providing bidirectional photoswitching. Here, we investigate the gas-phase photoisomerisation of meta- (m) and para- (p) substituted dithienylethene carboxylate anions (DTE-) using tandem ion mobility mass spectrometry coupled with laser excitation. The ring-closed forms of p-DTE- and m-DTE- are found to undergo cycloreversion in the gas phase with maximum responses associated with bands in the visible (λmax ≈ 600 nm) and the ultraviolet (λmax ≈ 360 nm). The ring-open p-DTE- isomer undergoes 6π-electrocyclisation in the ultraviolet region at wavelengths shorter than 350 nm, whereas no evidence is found for the corresponding electrocyclisation of ring-open m-DTE-, a situation attributed to the fact that the antiparallel geometry required for electrocyclisation of m-DTE- is energetically disfavoured. This highlights the influence of the carboxylate substitution position on the photochemical properties of DTE molecules. We find no evidence for the formation in the gas phase of the undesirable cyclic byproduct, which causes fatigue of DTE photoswitches in solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jack T Buntine
- School of Chemistry, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia.
| | - Eduardo Carrascosa
- Bruker Daltonics GmbH & Co. KG, Fahrenheitstrasse 4, 28359 Bremen, Germany
| | - James N Bull
- School of Chemistry, Norwich Research Park, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, UK
| | - Giel Muller
- School of Chemistry, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia.
| | - Ugo Jacovella
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut des Sciences Moléculaires d'Orsay, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - Christopher R Glasson
- Environmental Research Institute, School of Science, University of Waikato, Tauranga, 3110, New Zealand
| | - George Vamvounis
- College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland 4811, Australia
| | - Evan J Bieske
- School of Chemistry, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia.
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5
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Buntine JT, Carrascosa E, Bull JN, Jacovella U, Cotter MI, Watkins P, Liu C, Scholz MS, Adamson BD, Marlton SJP, Bieske EJ. An ion mobility mass spectrometer coupled with a cryogenic ion trap for recording electronic spectra of charged, isomer-selected clusters. Rev Sci Instrum 2022; 93:043201. [PMID: 35489918 DOI: 10.1063/5.0085680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Infrared and electronic spectra are indispensable for understanding the structural and energetic properties of charged molecules and clusters in the gas phase. However, the presence of isomers can potentially complicate the interpretation of spectra, even if the target molecules or clusters are mass-selected beforehand. Here, we describe an instrument for spectroscopically characterizing charged molecular clusters that have been selected according to both their isomeric form and their mass-to-charge ratio. Cluster ions generated by laser ablation of a solid sample are selected according to their collision cross sections with helium buffer gas using a drift tube ion mobility spectrometer and their mass-to-charge ratio using a quadrupole mass filter. The mobility- and mass-selected target ions are introduced into a cryogenically cooled, three-dimensional quadrupole ion trap where they are thermalized through inelastic collisions with an inert buffer gas (He or He/N2 mixture). Spectra of the molecular ions are obtained by tagging them with inert atoms or molecules (Ne and N2), which are dislodged following resonant excitation of an electronic transition, or by photodissociating the cluster itself following absorption of one or more photons. An electronic spectrum is generated by monitoring the charged photofragment yield as a function of wavelength. The capacity of the instrument is illustrated with the resonance-enhanced photodissociation action spectra of carbon clusters (Cn +) and polyacetylene cations (HC2nH+) that have been selected according to the mass-to-charge ratio and collision cross section with He buffer gas and of mass-selected Au2 + and Au2Ag+ clusters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jack T Buntine
- School of Chemistry, The University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Eduardo Carrascosa
- School of Chemistry, The University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - James N Bull
- School of Chemistry, The University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Ugo Jacovella
- School of Chemistry, The University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Mariah I Cotter
- School of Chemistry, The University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Patrick Watkins
- School of Chemistry, The University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Chang Liu
- School of Chemistry, The University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Michael S Scholz
- School of Chemistry, The University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Brian D Adamson
- School of Chemistry, The University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Samuel J P Marlton
- School of Chemistry, The University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Evan J Bieske
- School of Chemistry, The University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
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Buntine JT, Cotter MI, Jacovella U, Liu C, Watkins P, Carrascosa E, Bull JN, Weston L, Muller G, Scholz MS, Bieske EJ. Electronic spectra of positively charged carbon clusters-C 2n + (n = 6-14). J Chem Phys 2021; 155:214302. [PMID: 34879679 DOI: 10.1063/5.0070502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Electronic spectra are measured for mass-selected C2n +(n = 6-14) clusters over the visible and near-infrared spectral range through resonance enhanced photodissociation of clusters tagged with N2 molecules in a cryogenic ion trap. The carbon cluster cations are generated through laser ablation of a graphite disk and can be selected according to their collision cross section with He buffer gas and their mass prior to being trapped and spectroscopically probed. The data suggest that the C2n +(n = 6-14) clusters have monocyclic structures with bicyclic structures becoming more prevalent for C22 + and larger clusters. The C2n + electronic spectra are dominated by an origin transition that shifts linearly to a longer wavelength with the number of carbon atoms and associated progressions involving excitation of ring deformation vibrational modes. Bands for C12 +, C16 +, C20 +, C24 +, and C28 + are relatively broad, possibly due to rapid non-radiative decay from the excited state, whereas bands for C14 +, C18 +, C22 +, and C26 + are narrower, consistent with slower non-radiative deactivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jack T Buntine
- School of Chemistry, The University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Mariah I Cotter
- School of Chemistry, The University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Ugo Jacovella
- School of Chemistry, The University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Chang Liu
- School of Chemistry, The University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Patrick Watkins
- School of Chemistry, The University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Eduardo Carrascosa
- School of Chemistry, The University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - James N Bull
- School of Chemistry, The University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Luke Weston
- School of Chemistry, The University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Giel Muller
- School of Chemistry, The University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Michael S Scholz
- School of Chemistry, The University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Evan J Bieske
- School of Chemistry, The University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
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7
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Carrascosa E, Bull JN, Martínez-Núñez E, Scholz MS, Buntine JT, Bieske EJ. Photoisomerization of Linear and Stacked Isomers of a Charged Styryl Dye: A Tandem Ion Mobility Study. J Am Soc Mass Spectrom 2021; 32:2842-2851. [PMID: 34787413 PMCID: PMC8640989 DOI: 10.1021/jasms.1c00264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The photoisomerization behavior of styryl 9M, a common dye used in material sciences, is investigated using tandem ion mobility spectrometry (IMS) coupled with laser spectroscopy. Styryl 9M has two alkene linkages, potentially allowing for four geometric isomers. IMS measurements demonstrate that at least three geometric isomers are generated using electrospray ionization with the most abundant forms assigned to a combination of EE (major) and ZE (minor) geometric isomers, which are difficult to distinguish using IMS as they have similar collision cross sections. Two additional but minor isomers are generated by collisional excitation of the electrosprayed styryl 9M ions and are assigned to the EZ and ZZ geometric isomers, with the latter predicted to have a π-stacked configuration. The isomer assignments are supported through calculations of equilibrium structures, collision cross sections, and statistical isomerization rates. Photoexcitation of selected isomers using an IMS-photo-IMS strategy shows that each geometric isomer photoisomerizes following absorption of near-infrared and visible light, with the EE isomer possessing a S1 ← S0 electronic transition with a band maximum near 680 nm and shorter wavelength S2 ← S0 electronic transition with a band maximum near 430 nm. The study demonstrates the utility of the IMS-photo-IMS strategy for providing fundamental gas-phase photochemical information on molecular systems with multiple isomerizable bonds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Carrascosa
- School
of Chemistry, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - James N. Bull
- School
of Chemistry, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
- School
of Chemistry, Norwich Research Park, University
of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, United Kingdom
| | - Emilio Martínez-Núñez
- Departamento
de Química Física, Universidade
de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Michael S. Scholz
- School
of Chemistry, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Jack T. Buntine
- School
of Chemistry, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Evan J. Bieske
- School
of Chemistry, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
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8
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Stockett MH, Bull JN, Buntine JT, Carrascosa E, Ji M, Kono N, Schmidt HT, Zettergren H. Unimolecular fragmentation and radiative cooling of isolated PAH ions: A quantitative study. J Chem Phys 2020; 153:154303. [PMID: 33092387 DOI: 10.1063/5.0027773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Time-resolved spontaneous and laser-induced unimolecular fragmentation of perylene cations (C20H12 +) has been measured on timescales up to 2 s in a cryogenic electrostatic ion beam storage ring. We elaborate a quantitative model, which includes fragmentation in competition with radiative cooling via both vibrational and electronic (recurrent fluorescence) de-excitation. Excellent agreement with experimental results is found when sequential fragmentation of daughter ions co-stored with the parent perylene ions is included in the model. Based on the comparison of the model to experiment, we constrain the oscillator strength of the D1 → D0 emissive electronic transition in perylene (fRF = 0.055 ± 0.011), as well as the absolute absorption cross section of the D5 ← D0 excitation transition (σabs > 670 Mb). The former transition is responsible for the laser-induced and recurrent fluorescence of perylene, and the latter is the most prominent in the absorption spectrum. The vibrational cooling rate is found to be consistent with the simple harmonic cascade approximation. Quantitative experimental benchmarks of unimolecular processes in polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon ions like perylene are important for refining astrochemical models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark H Stockett
- Department of Physics, Stockholm University, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - James N Bull
- School of Chemistry, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7TJ, United Kingdom
| | - Jack T Buntine
- School of Chemistry, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Eduardo Carrascosa
- Laboratoire de Chimie Physique Moléculaire, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, EPFL SB ISIC LCPM, Station 6, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - MingChao Ji
- Department of Physics, Stockholm University, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Naoko Kono
- Department of Physics, Stockholm University, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Henning T Schmidt
- Department of Physics, Stockholm University, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
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9
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Jacovella U, Carrascosa E, Buntine JT, Ree N, Mikkelsen KV, Jevric M, Moth-Poulsen K, Bieske EJ. Photo- and Collision-Induced Isomerization of a Charge-Tagged Norbornadiene-Quadricyclane System. J Phys Chem Lett 2020; 11:6045-6050. [PMID: 32539402 PMCID: PMC7416310 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.0c01198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Molecular photoswitches based on the norbornadiene-quadricylane (NBD-QC) couple have been proposed as key elements of molecular solar thermal energy storage schemes. To characterize the intrinsic properties of such systems, reversible isomerization of a charge-tagged NBD-QC carboxylate couple is investigated in a tandem ion mobility mass spectrometer, using light to induce intramolecular [2 + 2] cycloaddition of NBD carboxylate to form the QC carboxylate and driving the back reaction with molecular collisions. The NBD carboxylate photoisomerization action spectrum recorded by monitoring the QC carboxylate photoisomer extends from 290 to 360 nm with a maximum at 315 nm, and in the longer wavelength region resembles the NBD carboxylate absorption spectrum recorded in solution. Key structural and photochemical properties of the NBD-QC carboxylate system, including the gas-phase absorption spectrum and the energy storage capacity, are determined through computational studies using density functional theory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ugo Jacovella
- School
of Chemistry, The University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Eduardo Carrascosa
- School
of Chemistry, The University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Jack T. Buntine
- School
of Chemistry, The University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Nicolai Ree
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, 2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Kurt V. Mikkelsen
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, 2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Martyn Jevric
- Department
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers
University of Technology, 41296 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Kasper Moth-Poulsen
- Department
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers
University of Technology, 41296 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Evan J. Bieske
- School
of Chemistry, The University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
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Carrascosa E, Bull JN, Buntine JT, da Silva G, Santos PF, Bieske EJ. Near-infrared reversible photoswitching of an isolated azobenzene-stilbene dye. Chem Phys Lett 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2019.137065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Bull JN, Buntine JT, Scholz MS, Carrascosa E, Giacomozzi L, Stockett MH, Bieske EJ. Photodetachment and photoreactions of substituted naphthalene anions in a tandem ion mobility spectrometer. Faraday Discuss 2019; 217:34-46. [DOI: 10.1039/c8fd00217g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Tandem IMS-laser-IMS is used to probe the intrinsic electronic absorptions of deprotonated substituted naphthalene anions.
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