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Grande-Tovar CD, Castro JI, Tenorio DL, Zapata PA, Florez-López E, Valencia-Llano CH. Chitosan-Polyvinyl Alcohol Nanocomposites for Regenerative Therapy. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:4595. [PMID: 38232016 PMCID: PMC10708655 DOI: 10.3390/polym15234595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 11/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Tissue accidents provide numerous pathways for pathogens to invade and flourish, causing additional harm to the host tissue while impeding its natural healing and regeneration. Essential oils (EOs) exhibit rapid and effective antimicrobial properties without promoting bacterial resistance. Clove oils (CEO) demonstrate robust antimicrobial activity against different pathogens. Chitosan (CS) is a natural, partially deacetylated polyamine widely recognized for its vast antimicrobial capacity. In this study, we present the synthesis of four membrane formulations utilizing CS, polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), and glycerol (Gly) incorporated with CEO and nanobioglass (n-BGs) for applications in subdermal tissue regeneration. Our analysis of the membranes' thermal stability and chemical composition provided strong evidence for successfully blending polymers with the entrapment of the essential oil. The incorporation of the CEO in the composite was evidenced by the increase in the intensity of the band of C-O-C in the FTIR; furthermore, the increase in diffraction peaks, as well as the broadening, provide evidence that the introduction of CEO perturbed the crystal structure. The morphological examination conducted using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed that the incorporation of CEO resulted in smooth surfaces, in contrast to the porous morphologies observed with the n-BGs. A histological examination of the implanted membranes demonstrated their biocompatibility and biodegradability, particularly after a 60-day implantation period. The degradation process of more extensive membranes involved connective tissue composed of type III collagen fibers, blood vessels, and inflammatory cells, which supported the reabsorption of the composite membranes, evidencing the material's biocompatibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos David Grande-Tovar
- Grupo de Investigación de Fotoquímica y Fotobiología, Universidad del Atlántico, Carrera 30 Número 8-49, Puerto Colombia 081008, Colombia
| | - Jorge Ivan Castro
- Tribology, Polymers, Powder Metallurgy and Solid Waste Transformations Research Group, Universidad del Valle, Calle 13 No. 100-00, Cali 76001, Colombia;
| | - Diego López Tenorio
- Grupo Biomateriales Dentales, Escuela de Odontología, Universidad del Valle, Calle 4B # 36-00, Cali 76001, Colombia; (D.L.T.); (C.H.V.-L.)
| | - Paula A. Zapata
- Grupo de Polímeros, Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago 9170020, Chile;
| | - Edwin Florez-López
- Grupo de Investigación en Química y Biotecnología QUIBIO, Universidad Santiago de Cali, Calle 5 No. 62-00, Cali 760035, Colombia;
| | - Carlos Humberto Valencia-Llano
- Grupo Biomateriales Dentales, Escuela de Odontología, Universidad del Valle, Calle 4B # 36-00, Cali 76001, Colombia; (D.L.T.); (C.H.V.-L.)
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Elakkiya K, Bargavi P, Balakumar S. 3D interconnected porous PMMA scaffold integrating with advanced nanostructured CaP-based biomaterials for rapid bone repair and regeneration. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2023; 147:106106. [PMID: 37708780 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2023.106106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
Bioactive scaffolds with polymer and nanostructured bioactive glass-based composites are promising materials for regenerative applications in consequence of close mimics of natural bone composition. Poly methyl methacrylate (PMMA) is a highly preferred thermoplastic polymer for orthopedic applications as it has good biocompatibility. Different kinds of bioactive, biodegradable as well as biocompatible biomaterial composites such as Bioglass (BG), Hydroxyapatite (Hap), and Tricalcium phosphate (TCP) can be integrated with PMMA, so as to augment the bioactivity, porosity as well as regeneration of hard tissues in human body. Among the bioactive glass, 60S BG (Bioactive glass with 60 percentage of Silica without Sodium ions) is better materials among aforementioned systems owning to mechanical stability as well as controlled bioactive material. In this work, the fabrication of PMMA-CaP (calcium phosphate)-based scaffolds were carried out by Thermal Induced Phase Separation method (TIPS). X-ray diffractogram analysis (XRD) is used to examine the physiochemical properties of the scaffolds that evidently reveal the presence of calcium phosphate besides calcium phosphate silicate phases. The Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM) studies obviously exhibited the microstructure of the scaffolds as well as their interconnected porous morphology. The PMMA/60S BG/TCP (C50) scaffold has the maximum pore size, measuring 77 ± 23 μm, while the average pore size ranges from 50 ± 20 to 80 ± 23 μm. By performing a liquid displacement method, the C50 scaffold is found to have the largest porosity of 50%, high hydrophilicity of 118.16°, and a compression test reveals the scaffolds to have a maximum compressive strength of 0.16 MPa. The emergence of bone-like apatite on the scaffold surface after 1st and 21st days of SBF immersion is further supported by in vitro bioactivity studies. Cytocompatibility and hemocompatibility analyses undoubtedly confirmed the biocompatibility behavior of PMMA-based bioactive scaffolds. Nano-CT investigation demonstrates that PMMA-CaP scaffolds provide more or less alike morphologies of composites that resemble the natural bone. Therefore, this combination of scaffolds could be considered as potential biomaterials for bone regeneration application. This detailed study promisingly demonstrates the eminence of the unique scaffolds in the direction of regenerative medicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Elakkiya
- National Centre for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, University of Madras, Chennai 600025, India
| | - P Bargavi
- Department of Oral Pathology, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai 600077, India
| | - S Balakumar
- National Centre for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, University of Madras, Chennai 600025, India.
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Biocompatibility Assessment of Polylactic Acid (PLA) and Nanobioglass (n-BG) Nanocomposites for Biomedical Applications. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27113640. [PMID: 35684575 PMCID: PMC9182463 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27113640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Revised: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Scaffolds based on biopolymers and nanomaterials with appropriate mechanical properties and high biocompatibility are desirable in tissue engineering. Therefore, polylactic acid (PLA) nanocomposites were prepared with ceramic nanobioglass (PLA/n-BGs) at 5 and 10 wt.%. Bioglass nanoparticles (n-BGs) were prepared using a sol–gel methodology with a size of ca. 24.87 ± 6.26 nm. In addition, they showed the ability to inhibit bacteria such as Escherichia coli (ATCC 11775), Vibrio parahaemolyticus (ATCC 17802), Staphylococcus aureus subsp. aureus (ATCC 55804), and Bacillus cereus (ATCC 13061) at concentrations of 20 w/v%. The analysis of the nanocomposite microstructures exhibited a heterogeneous sponge-like morphology. The mechanical properties showed that the addition of 5 wt.% n-BG increased the elastic modulus of PLA by ca. 91.3% (from 1.49 ± 0.44 to 2.85 ± 0.99 MPa) and influenced the resorption capacity, as shown by histological analyses in biomodels. The incorporation of n-BGs decreased the PLA crystallinity (from 7.1% to 4.98%) and increased the glass transition temperature (Tg) from 53 °C to 63 °C. In addition, the n-BGs increased the thermal stability due to the nanoparticle’s intercalation between the polymeric chains and the reduction in their movement. The histological implantation of the nanocomposites and the cell viability with HeLa cells higher than 80% demonstrated their biocompatibility character with a greater resorption capacity than PLA. These results show the potential of PLA/n-BGs nanocomposites for biomedical applications, especially for long healing processes such as bone tissue repair and avoiding microbial contamination.
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Atkinson I, Seciu-Grama AM, Mocioiu OC, Mocioiu AM, Predoana L, Voicescu M, Cusu JP, Grigorescu RM, Ion RM, Craciunescu O. Preparation and Biocompatibility of Poly Methyl Methacrylate (PMMA)-Mesoporous Bioactive Glass (MBG) Composite Scaffolds. Gels 2021; 7:180. [PMID: 34842650 PMCID: PMC8628795 DOI: 10.3390/gels7040180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Revised: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, the rising number of bone diseases which affect millions of people worldwide has led to an increased demand for materials with restoring and augmentation properties that can be used in therapies for bone pathologies. In this work, PMMA- MBG composite scaffolds containing ceria (0, 1, 3 mol%) were obtained by the phase separation method. The obtained composite scaffolds were characterized by X-ray diffraction, infrared spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy. UV-Vis measurement and EDX analysis confirmed the presence of cerium ions in the composite scaffolds. Evaluation of the in-vitro biocompatibility using MTT assay showed that composite scaffold containing 1 mol% of ceria presented higher viability than control cells (100%) for concentrations ranging between 5 and 50% after 96 h of incubation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina Atkinson
- Romanian Academy, “Ilie Murgulescu” Institute of Physical Chemistry, 202, Spl. Independentei, 060021 Bucharest, Romania; (O.C.M.); (L.P.); (M.V.); (J.P.C.)
| | - Ana Maria Seciu-Grama
- National Institute of Research and Development for Biological Sciences, 296, Spl. Independentei, 060031 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Oana Catalina Mocioiu
- Romanian Academy, “Ilie Murgulescu” Institute of Physical Chemistry, 202, Spl. Independentei, 060021 Bucharest, Romania; (O.C.M.); (L.P.); (M.V.); (J.P.C.)
| | - Ana Maria Mocioiu
- National R&D Institute for Non-ferrous and Rare Metals, 102, Biruintei Blvd, 077145 Pantelimon, Ilfov, Romania;
| | - Luminita Predoana
- Romanian Academy, “Ilie Murgulescu” Institute of Physical Chemistry, 202, Spl. Independentei, 060021 Bucharest, Romania; (O.C.M.); (L.P.); (M.V.); (J.P.C.)
| | - Mariana Voicescu
- Romanian Academy, “Ilie Murgulescu” Institute of Physical Chemistry, 202, Spl. Independentei, 060021 Bucharest, Romania; (O.C.M.); (L.P.); (M.V.); (J.P.C.)
| | - Jeanina Pandele Cusu
- Romanian Academy, “Ilie Murgulescu” Institute of Physical Chemistry, 202, Spl. Independentei, 060021 Bucharest, Romania; (O.C.M.); (L.P.); (M.V.); (J.P.C.)
| | - Ramona Marina Grigorescu
- National Institute for Research & Development in Chemistry and Petrochemistry—ICECHIM Bucharest, 202, Spl. Independentei, 060021 Bucharest, Romania; (R.M.G.); (R.M.I.)
| | - Rodica Mariana Ion
- National Institute for Research & Development in Chemistry and Petrochemistry—ICECHIM Bucharest, 202, Spl. Independentei, 060021 Bucharest, Romania; (R.M.G.); (R.M.I.)
| | - Oana Craciunescu
- National Institute of Research and Development for Biological Sciences, 296, Spl. Independentei, 060031 Bucharest, Romania;
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Wekwejt M, Chen S, Kaczmarek-Szczepańska B, Nadolska M, Łukowicz K, Pałubicka A, Michno A, Osyczka AM, Michálek M, Zieliński A. Nanosilver-loaded PMMA bone cement doped with different bioactive glasses - evaluation of cytocompatibility, antibacterial activity, and mechanical properties. Biomater Sci 2021; 9:3112-3126. [PMID: 33704333 DOI: 10.1039/d1bm00079a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Nanosilver-loaded PMMA bone cement (BC-AgNp) is a novel cement developed as a replacement for conventional cements. Despite its favorable properties and antibacterial activity, BC-AgNp still lacks biodegradability and bioactivity. Hence, we investigated doping with bioactive glasses (BGs) to create a new bioactive BC characterized by time-varying porosity and gradual release of AgNp. The BC Cemex was used as the base material and modified simultaneously with the AgNp and BGs: melted 45S5 and 13-93B3 glasses with various particle sizes and sol-gel derived SiO2/CaO microparticles. The effect of BG addition was examined by microscopic analysis, an assessment of setting parameters, wettability, FTIR and UV-VIS spectroscopy, mechanical testing, and hemo- and cytocompatibility and antibacterial efficiency studies. The results show that it is possible to incorporate various BGs into BC-AgNp, which leads to different properties depending on the type and size of BGs. The smaller particles of melted BGs showed higher porosity and better antibacterial properties with the moderate deterioration of mechanical properties. The sol-gel derived BGs, however, displayed a tendency for agglomeration and random distribution in BC-AgNp. The BGs with greater solubility more efficiently improve the antibacterial properties of BC-AgNp. Besides, the unreacted MMA monomer release could negatively influence the cellular response. Despite that, cements doped with different BGs are suitable for medical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Wekwejt
- Department of Biomaterials Technology, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Ship Technology, Gdańsk University of Technology, Gdańsk, Poland.
| | - S Chen
- Centre for Functional and Surface Functionalized Glass, TnU AD, Trenčín, Slovakia
| | - B Kaczmarek-Szczepańska
- Department of Chemistry of Biomaterials and Cosmetics, Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Toruń, Poland
| | - M Nadolska
- Faculty of Applied Physics and Mathematics, Gdańsk University of Technology, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - K Łukowicz
- Department of Biology and Cell Imaging, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Faculty of Biology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - A Pałubicka
- Department of Laboratory Diagnostics and Microbiology with Blood Bank, Specialist Hospital in Kościerzyna, Kościerzyna, Poland
| | - A Michno
- Chair of Clinical Biochemistry, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - A M Osyczka
- Department of Biology and Cell Imaging, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Faculty of Biology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - M Michálek
- Centre for Functional and Surface Functionalized Glass, TnU AD, Trenčín, Slovakia
| | - A Zieliński
- Department of Biomaterials Technology, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Ship Technology, Gdańsk University of Technology, Gdańsk, Poland.
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S C, S B. Insight into the impingement of different sodium precursors on structural, biocompatible, and hemostatic properties of bioactive materials. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2021; 123:111959. [PMID: 33812587 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2021.111959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2020] [Revised: 01/30/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Bioactive materials play a significant role in biomedical engineering for plethora of applications. To date, there is no evident report on the role of sodium precursors in structural changes towards their acceleration in biocompatibility. This study highlights the impact and role of two different sodium precursors (sodium nitrate and sodium hydroxide) on the structural changes and their potential formulations in biomineralization and biocompatibility. Structural characteristics enunciate the significant crystallization of NaCaPO4, Na2Ca2Si3O9, and Na1.8Ca1.1Si6O14 phases with pertinent Q2 stretching's while using sodium nitrate than sodium hydroxide. XPS spectra authenticate the elevated sodium content while using sodium nitrate as sodium precursor. One-dimensional structures with well faceted morphology and superior alkaline environment preferentially support the biomineralization and bactericidal properties in sodium nitrate-bioglass, was confirmed through structural, morphological, elemental, and antibacterial investigations. Whereas, higher blood and cell-line compatibility with elevated protein adsorption rate is perceived for the bioglass prepared using sodium hydroxide source, and subsequently, higher hemostatic properties are considerably observed with sodium nitrate-bioglass. Higher mechanical stability (ultrasonic measurements) and controlled degradation rate are the stratagems of sodium nitrate to boost the basic criteria of bioactive materials. Hence, it is proposed that sodium nitrate is a highly preferable source to develop bioactive and stable bioglass formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chitra S
- National Centre for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, University of Madras, Chennai 600025, India
| | - Balakumar S
- National Centre for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, University of Madras, Chennai 600025, India.
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Dhinasekaran D, Vimalraj S, Rajendran AR, Saravanan S, Purushothaman B, Subramaniam B. Bio-inspired multifunctional collagen/electrospun bioactive glass membranes for bone tissue engineering applications. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2021; 126:111856. [PMID: 34082925 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2020.111856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Revised: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Treatment of bone disease and disorders is often challenging due to its complex structure. Each year millions of people needs bone substitution materials with quick recovery from diseases conditions. Synthetic bone substitutes mimicking structural, chemical and biological properties of bone matrix structure will be very obliging and of copious need. In this work, we reported on the fabrication of bioinspired, biomimetic, multifunctional bone-like three-dimensional (3D) membranes made up of inorganic bioactive glass fibers matrixed organic collagen structure. The 3D structure is arranged as a stacked-layer similar to the order of apatite and neotissue formation. Comparative studies on collagen, collagen with hollow and solid bioactive glass fibers evidenced that, collagen/hollow bioactive glass is mechanically robust, has optimal hydrophilicity, simultaneously promotes bioactivity and in situ forming drug delivery. The 3D membrane displays outstanding mechanical properties apropos to the bioactive glass fibers arrangement, with its Youngs modulus approaching the modulus of cortical bone. The in vitro cell culture studies with fibroblast cells (3T3) on the membranes display enhanced cell adhesion and proliferation with the cell alignment similar to anisotropic cell alignment found in the native bone extracellular matrix. The membranes also support 3D cell culturing and exhibits cell proliferation on the membrane surface, which extends the possibility of its bone tissue engineering application. The alkaline phosphatase assessment and alizarin red staining of osteoblast cells (MG63) depicted an enhanced osteogenic activity of the membranes. Notable Runx2, Col-Type-1 mRNA, osteocalcin, and osteonectin levels were found to be significantly increased in cells grown on the collagen/hollow bioactive glass membrane. This membrane also promotes vascularization in the chick chorioallantoic membrane model. The results altogether evidence this multifunctional 3D membrane could potentially be utilized for treatment of bone defects.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Selvaraj Vimalraj
- Centre for Biotechnology, Anna University, Chennai 600 025, Tamil Nadu, India; Department of Pharmacology, Saveetha Dental College and Hospital, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Chennai 600 077, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Ajay Rakkesh Rajendran
- Department of Physics and Nanotechnology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur - 603 203, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sekaran Saravanan
- Centre for Nanotechnology & Advanced Biomaterials (CeNTAB), Department of Biotechnology, School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA University, Thanjavur 613 401, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Bargavi Purushothaman
- National Centre for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, University of Madras, 600 025, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Balakumar Subramaniam
- National Centre for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, University of Madras, 600 025, Tamil Nadu, India
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Durgalakshmi D, Rakkesh RA, Aruna P, Ganesan S, Balakumar S. Bioactivity and hemocompatibility of sol–gel bioactive glass synthesized under different catalytic conditions. NEW J CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0nj02445g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
In bioactive glass synthesis by sol–gel method, HCl catalyst induces biocompatible wollastonite crystallization and supports higher apatite formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- D. Durgalakshmi
- Department of Medical Physics, Anna University
- Chennai – 600 025
- India
| | - R. Ajay Rakkesh
- CAS in Crystallography and Biophysics, University of Madras
- Chennai – 600 025
- India
| | - P. Aruna
- Department of Medical Physics, Anna University
- Chennai – 600 025
- India
| | | | - S. Balakumar
- National Centre for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, University of Madras
- Chennai – 600 025
- India
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Chitra S, Bargavi P, Balakumar S. Effect of microwave and probe sonication processes on sol–gel‐derived bioactive glass and its structural and biocompatible investigations. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2019; 108:143-155. [DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.34373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2019] [Revised: 03/04/2019] [Accepted: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S. Chitra
- National Centre for Nanoscience and NanotechnologyUniversity of Madras Chennai 600025 Tamil Nadu India
| | - P. Bargavi
- National Centre for Nanoscience and NanotechnologyUniversity of Madras Chennai 600025 Tamil Nadu India
| | - S. Balakumar
- National Centre for Nanoscience and NanotechnologyUniversity of Madras Chennai 600025 Tamil Nadu India
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Chitosan based polymer/bioglass composites for tissue engineering applications. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2019; 96:955-967. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2018.12.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2018] [Revised: 11/09/2018] [Accepted: 12/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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Bui VT, Dao VD, Choi HS. Transferable thin films with sponge-like porous structure via improved phase separation. POLYMER 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2016.08.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Durgalakshmi D, Balakumar S. Phase separation induced shell thickness variations in electrospun hollow Bioglass 45S5 fiber mats for drug delivery applications. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2015; 17:15316-23. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cp01738f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Hollow fiber mats obtained by an electrospinning technique show higher apatite formation, and they can also be used for drug delivery applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- D. Durgalakshmi
- National Centre for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology
- University of Madras
- Chennai 600025
- India
| | - S. Balakumar
- National Centre for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology
- University of Madras
- Chennai 600025
- India
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