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Govindarajan D, Saravanan S, Sudhakar S, Vimalraj S. Graphene: A Multifaceted Carbon-Based Material for Bone Tissue Engineering Applications. ACS Omega 2024; 9:67-80. [PMID: 38222554 PMCID: PMC10785094 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c07062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
Tissue engineering is an emerging technological field that aims to restore and replace human tissues. A significant number of individuals require bone replacement annually as a result of skeletal abnormalities or accidents. In recent decades, notable progress has been made in the field of biomedical research, specifically in the realm of sophisticated and biocompatible materials. The purpose of these biomaterials is to facilitate bone tissue regeneration. Carbon nanomaterial-based scaffolds are particularly notable due to their accessibility, mechanical durability, and biofunctionality. The scaffolds exhibit the capacity to enhance cellular proliferation, mitigate cell damage, induce bone tissue growth, and maintain biological compatibility. Therefore, they play a crucial role in the development of the bone matrix and the necessary cellular interactions required for bone tissue restoration. The attachment, growth, and specialization of osteogenic stem cells on biomaterial scaffolds play critical roles in bone tissue engineering. The optimal biomaterial should facilitate the development of bone tissue in a manner that closely resembles that of human bone. This comprehensive review encompasses the examination of graphene oxide (GO), carbon nanotubes (CNTs), fullerenes, carbon dots (CDs), nanodiamonds, and their respective derivatives. The biomaterial frameworks possess the ability to replicate the intricate characteristics of the bone microenvironment, thereby rendering them suitable for utilization in tissue engineering endeavors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dharunya Govindarajan
- Department
of Biotechnology, Stem Cell and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Bhupat
& Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Chennai 600 036, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sekaran Saravanan
- Department
of Prosthodontics, Saveetha Dental College and Hospital, Saveetha
Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Saveetha University, Chennai 600 077, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Swathi Sudhakar
- Department
of Applied Mechanics and Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Chennai 600 036, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Selvaraj Vimalraj
- Department
of Applied Mechanics and Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Chennai 600 036, Tamil Nadu, India
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2
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Vimalraj S, Saravanan S. Tooth-derived stem cells integrated biomaterials for bone and dental tissue engineering. Cell Tissue Res 2023; 394:245-255. [PMID: 37548764 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-023-03815-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
Recent years have seen the emergence of tissue engineering strategies as a means to overcome some of the limits of conventional medical treatment. A biomaterial with tailored physio-chemical characteristics is used in this sophisticated method to transport stem cells and growth factors/bioactive substances, or to attract local endogenous cells, enabling new tissue formation. Biomaterials might serve as a biomimetic structure inspired by the natural milieu, assisting the cells in establishing their natural relationships. Such a method would benefit from having ready access to an abundant reservoir of stem cells with strong tissue regeneration capacity, in addition to using biological compatible material to promote new tissue creation. Teeth may have a plethora of self-renewing, multipotent mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) populations. Recent advancements and promising directions for cell transplantation and homing techniques using dental MSCs for tissue regeneration are discussed in this review paper. Overall, this research paints a picture of the present landscape of new approaches to using tooth-derived MSCs in conjunction with biomaterials and bioactive substances for tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selvaraj Vimalraj
- Department of Prosthodontics, Saveetha Dental College and Hospital, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Saveetha University, Chennai, 600 077, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Sekaran Saravanan
- Department of Prosthodontics, Saveetha Dental College and Hospital, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Saveetha University, Chennai, 600 077, Tamil Nadu, India
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3
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Zhai S, Liu C, Vimalraj S, Subramanian R, Abullais SS, Arora S, Saravanan S. Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor promotes osteoblast differentiation of dental pulp stem cells and bone formation in a zebrafish scale regeneration model. Peptides 2023; 163:170974. [PMID: 36775021 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2023.170974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Abstract
Bone cells express the glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor (GLP-1R). However, its presence and role in human dental pulp derived stem cells (hDPSCs) remains elusive. Hence, in the current study, we isolated hDPSCs and differentiated them into osteoblasts, where GLP-1R expression was found to be upregulated during osteoblast differentiation. GLP-1 receptor agonist, liraglutide peptide treatment, increased osteoblast differentiation in hDPSCs by increasing calcium deposition, ALP activity, and osteoblast marker genes, Runx2, type 1 col, osteonectin, and osteocalcin. Furthermore, activation of long non-coding RNA (LncRNA) LINC00968 and microRNA-3658 signalling increased Runx2 expression. Specifically, liraglutide increased LncRNA-LINC00968 expression while decreasing miR-3658 expression. LINC00968 targets miR-3658, and miR-3658 targets Runx2. Additionally, in an in-vivo study, zebrafish scale regeneration model, liraglutide promoted calcium deposition, osteoblastic cell count, collagen 1α, osteonectin, osteocalcin, runx2a MASNA isoform expression (transcribed from promoter P1), and Ca/P ratio in scales. Overall, GLP-1R activation promotes osteoblast differentiation via Runx2/LncRNA-LINC00968/miR-3658 signalling in hDPSCs and promotes bone formation in zebrafish scale regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shafei Zhai
- Department of Stomatology, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an 710021, Shaanxi, China; Department of Periodontology, Hospital of Stomatology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an 710068, Shaanxi, China
| | - Changkui Liu
- Department of Stomatology, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an 710021, Shaanxi, China; Department of Periodontology, Hospital of Stomatology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an 710068, Shaanxi, China
| | - Selvaraj Vimalraj
- Center for Biotechnology, Anna University, Chennai 600025, India; Department of Prosthodontics, Saveetha Dental College and Hospital, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, SIMATS, Chennai 600077, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Raghunandhakumar Subramanian
- Department of Pharmacology, Saveetha Dental College and Hospital, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, SIMATS, Chennai 600077, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Shahabe Saquib Abullais
- Department of Periodontics and Community Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Khalid University, Abha, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Suraj Arora
- Department of Restorative dental sciences, College of Dentistry, King Khalid University Abha, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Sekaran Saravanan
- Department of Prosthodontics, Saveetha Dental College and Hospital, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, SIMATS, Chennai 600077, Tamil Nadu, India
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Hussein MA, Kumar AM, Azeem MA, Sorour AA, Saravanan S. Ti-30Nb-3Ag alloy with improved corrosion resistance and antibacterial properties for orthopedic and dental applications produced by mechanical alloying. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2023; 142:105851. [PMID: 37068434 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2023.105851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 04/19/2023]
Abstract
Titanium alloys have gained popularity as a bioimplant material due to their biocompatibility, low modulus of elasticity, and increased strength. However, other issues, such as corrosion resistance, and infections can reduce the implant's lifespan. This paper aims to fabricate a new Ti-30Nb-3Ag at% alloy with enhanced in vitro corrosion and antibacterial properties by mechanical alloying (MA) followed by powder consolidation. XRD, SEM/EDX, and Vickers microhardness analyses were used to examine the phases compositions, microstructure, and microhardness, respectively. The in vitro corrosion performance of Ti-30Nb-3Ag alloy was inspected in a simulated body medium and artificial saliva. The alloy's antibacterial properties were evaluated in the gram-positive and negative bacterial medium. The results showed that after MA for 60 h, nanocrystalline β-Ti (BCC) and α-Ti (HCP) solid solutions were formed with crystallite sizes of 7.44 and 3.47 nm, respectively. The sintered sample exhibited densifications of 97%, with a microstructure composed of β-Ti, α-Ti, and a minor quantity of ultrafine Ti2Ag phase. The microhardness result showed that Ti-30Nb-3Ag alloy possesses HV 491.5. Ti-30Nb-3Ag alloy has a potent antibacterial capability of 85.75% and 88.81% relative to Ti-6Al-4V alloy and CP-Ti, respectively. In vitro corrosion results revealed that the Ti-30Nb-3Ag alloy exhibited the widespread passive area in the investigated anodic regions and presented the highest impedance values in comparison with the commercial alloys, confirming its improved corrosion resistance performance in both studied mediums. Ti-30Nb-3Ag alloy possibly be a competitive bioimplant material for orthopedic and dental uses owing to its enhanced biocorrosion and antibacterial properties compared to commercial Ti-6Al-4V alloy and CP-Ti.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Hussein
- Interdisciplinary Research Center for Advanced Materials, King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals (KFUPM), Dhahran, 31261, Saudi Arabia.
| | - A Madhan Kumar
- Interdisciplinary Research Center for Advanced Materials, King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals (KFUPM), Dhahran, 31261, Saudi Arabia
| | - M A Azeem
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals(KFUPM), Dhahran, 31261, Saudi Arabia
| | - A A Sorour
- Interdisciplinary Research Center for Advanced Materials, King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals (KFUPM), Dhahran, 31261, Saudi Arabia; Department of Mechanical Engineering, King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals(KFUPM), Dhahran, 31261, Saudi Arabia
| | - S Saravanan
- Department of Bioengineering, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran, 31261, Saudi Arabia
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Saravanan S, Kumar VV, Sarveshwaran V, Indirajithu A, Elangovan D, Allayear SM. Computational and Mathematical Methods in Medicine Glioma Brain Tumor Detection and Classification Using Convolutional Neural Network. Comput Math Methods Med 2022; 2022:4380901. [PMID: 36277002 PMCID: PMC9586767 DOI: 10.1155/2022/4380901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
The classification of the brain tumor image is playing a vital role in the medical image domain, and it directly assists the clinicians to understand the severity and to take an appropriate solution. The magnetic resonance imaging tool is used to analyze the brain tissues and to examine the different portion of brain circumstance. We propose the convolutional neural network database learning along with neighboring network limitation (CDBLNL) technique for brain tumor image classification in medical image processing domain. The proposed system architecture is constructed with multilayer-based metadata learning, and they have integrated with CNN layer to deliver the accurate information. The metadata-based vector encoding is used, and the type of coding estimation for extra dimension is known as sparse. In order to maintain the supervised data in terms of geometric format, the atoms of neighboring limitation are built based on a well-structured k-neighbored network. The resultant of the proposed system is considerably strong and subjective for classification. The proposed system used two different datasets, such as BRATS and REMBRANDT, and the proposed brain MRI classification technique outcome is more efficient than the other existing techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Saravanan
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Vel Tech Rangarajan Dr. Sagunthala R&D Institute of Science and Technology, Avadi, Chennai, India
| | - V. Vinoth Kumar
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Jain (Deemed to Be University), Bangalore, India
| | - Velliangiri Sarveshwaran
- Department of Computational Intelligence, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur Campus, Chennai, India
| | - Alagiri Indirajithu
- School of Information Technology and Engineering, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, 632014 Tamil Nadu, India
| | - D. Elangovan
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Panimalar Engineering College, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Shaikh Muhammad Allayear
- Department of Multimedia and Creative Technology, Daffodil International University, Daffodil Smart City, Khagan, Ashulia, Dhaka, Bangladesh
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Rajeshkumar S, Santhoshkumar J, Parameswari RP, Saravanan S, Balusamy SR, Arunachalam K. Degradation of Toxic Dye and Antimicrobial and Free Radical Potential of Environmental Benign Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles. Bioinorg Chem Appl 2022; 2022:4513208. [PMID: 35903518 PMCID: PMC9325584 DOI: 10.1155/2022/4513208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2022] [Revised: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Several industries have become major contributors to waterbody contamination due to the improper removal of dyes and effluents into water bodies. Due to their carcinogenic properties and low biodegradability, dye degradation is a considerable danger to people, animals, and the oceanic environment. As part of this study, Andrographis paniculata leaf extract was used as a reducing and stabilizing agent to synthesize zinc nanoparticles and degrade dyes such as methyl red and eosin. Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnONPs) showed a surface plasmon resonance peak at 430 nm in the UV spectrum. The FTIR result showed a band at 597.93 cm-1 that confirmed the formation of zinc nanoparticles. AFM results revealed spherical ZnONPs. The SEM results predicted an average particle size of 60 nm for crystalline particles. Biologically synthesized zinc nanoparticles exhibited greater antibacterial activity against Pseudomonas spp. and Proteus spp. but lesser activity against Klebsiella spp. and S. aureus. At 1000 μg/ml concentration, ZnONPs had the highest antioxidant activity of 45.34%. An ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometer measured dye degradation progress between 300 and 800 nm. For methyl red, the maximum absorption peak was measured at 415 nm, and for eosin, the maximum peak value was measured between 500 and 515 nm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanmugam Rajeshkumar
- Centre for Transdisciplinary Research, Nanobiomedicine Lab, Department of Pharmacology, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals SIMATS, Chennai 600077, TN, India
| | - Jayakodí Santhoshkumar
- Department of Biotechnology, Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Science (SIMATS), Chennai 602105, TN, India
| | - R. P. Parameswari
- Centre for Transdisciplinary Research, Nanobiomedicine Lab, Department of Pharmacology, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals SIMATS, Chennai 600077, TN, India
| | - S. Saravanan
- Department of Prosthodontics, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals SIMATS, Chennai 600077, TN, India
| | - Sri Renukadevi Balusamy
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Sejong University, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea
| | - Kalirajan Arunachalam
- Department of Science and Mathematics, School of Science, Engineering and Technology Mulungushi University, Kabwe 80415, Zambia
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Vijayanand S, Saravanan S. A deep learning model based anomalous behavior detection for supporting verifiable access control scheme in cloud servers. IFS 2022. [DOI: 10.3233/jifs-212572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Due to the growth of Big Data (BD) storage and access in cloud computing infrastructure, the detection of anomalies for Cloud Servers (CSs) is essential to ensure data confidentiality. Over the past decades, different security systems have been designed based on various methods like encryption, Access Policy (AP) control schemes, signcryption and so on. Among many security systems, a new Improved NTRU (INTRU) decryption based on the AP strategy has been suggested to secure the BD processed by the CSs. Also, the shared secret data was authenticated to defend the clients from anomalies in the cloud. But, the AP upgrade must not degrade the confidentiality of storing information, reveal trust in the CS or cause any different security challenges. It is not considered that such security challenges occur when the data owner shares its data with many CSs. Hence in this article, an INTRU with Detecting Anomalous in CS (INTRU-DACS) system is proposed that employs a deep learning-based Anomaly Detection System (ADS) to handle and secure the BD stored in the CSs. The main goal of this method is to effectively identify the abnormalities in the real world by the conduct utilization, i.e., the System Call Identifier Sequences (SCISs) created from CSs in which these conducts are associated with BD. Initially, effective data summarization is constructed via different feature states to analyze the SCISs of specific durations. After that, an anomaly identification algorithm is proposed to train and test the streaming of raw SC sequences. This observable SCs execution task of CSs is gathered from log files. The variations of such SCISs having a specified duration are random for usual and unusual sequences. So, the fact of current normal and abnormal services is recognized regarding their SCISs. Such normal and abnormal behavioral states are learned from Convolutional Neural Network-Hidden Markov Model (CNNHMM) classifier to identify the anomalies in CSs. But, it is still a challenging process because of the patterns of usual and unusual events. The performance is not effective since it models only the conduct of a huge number of SCISs created from a single CS. As a result, a Secure Access Control Scheme with DACS (SACS-DACS) system is proposed in which a Multidimensional Feature Misbehavior Server Detection method (MFMSD) is introduced for detecting anomalies in multiple CSs. In this method, large-scale SCISs of multiple CSs are extracted, including different features such as network traffic sequence features, CPU energy usage and memory usage from host logs. These extracted multidimensional features are fed to the CNNHMM that identifies the anomalies and maximizes the detection accuracy. At last, the simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the SACS-DACS and INTRU-DACS as compared to the INTRU.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Vijayanand
- Department of Computer Science & Engineering, The Kavery Engineering College, Salem, Tamilnadu, India
| | - S. Saravanan
- Department of Computer Science & Engineering, Narasus Sarathy Institute of Technology, Salem, Tamilnadu, India
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Rangarajan R, Saravanan S, Kumari. Comparison of Vaginal Dosimetry Between Tandem Ovoid (TO) and Tandem Ring (TR) Applicator in CT-Based High Dose Rate Intracavitary Brachytherapy of Cervix. Indian J Gynecol Oncolog 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s40944-022-00620-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Sekar S, Preethi V, Saravanan S, Kim DY, Lee S. Excellent photocatalytic performances of Co 3O 4-AC nanocomposites for H 2 production via wastewater splitting. Chemosphere 2022; 286:131823. [PMID: 34426138 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.131823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Natural sunlight-driven photocatalytic hydrogen production from wastewater is one of the most desirable techniques that can realize future green energy technology. Herein, we report the synthesis and the characterization of the biomass activated carbon (AC)-decorated cobalt oxide (Co3O4) nanocomposites for solar-stimulated photocatalytic hydrogen production from sulphide wastewater. The Co3O4-AC nanocomposites were ultrasonically synthesized by using hydrothermally-grown spinel Co3O4 nanoflakes and biomass-derived AC nanoflakes. Co3O4-AC showed a nanobundle-like aggregated morphology, and exhibited a large specific surface area (~133 m2/g). Through utilizing Co3O4-AC as a photocatalyst for photocatalytic splitting of sulphide wastewater (0.2 M) under solar irradiance with 730 W/m2, an enhanced H2 production efficiency (~70 mL/h) was achieved owing to the synergic effects from 2-dimentionally configured Co3O4 and AC microstructures; i.e., large surface area of Co3O4 and high electrical conductivity of AC. These findings suggest the nanocomposites of Co3O4-AC to hold great promise for the green approach of photocatalytic wastewater splitting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sankar Sekar
- Department of Semiconductor Science, Dongguk University-Seoul, Seoul, 04620, Republic of Korea; Quantum-functional Semiconductor Research Center, Dongguk University-Seoul, Seoul, 04620, Republic of Korea
| | - V Preethi
- Renewable Energy Lab., Hindustan Institute of Technology and Science, Chennai, 603103, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - S Saravanan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, K. Ramakrishnan College of Technology, Trichy, 621112, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Deuk Young Kim
- Department of Semiconductor Science, Dongguk University-Seoul, Seoul, 04620, Republic of Korea; Quantum-functional Semiconductor Research Center, Dongguk University-Seoul, Seoul, 04620, Republic of Korea
| | - Sejoon Lee
- Department of Semiconductor Science, Dongguk University-Seoul, Seoul, 04620, Republic of Korea; Quantum-functional Semiconductor Research Center, Dongguk University-Seoul, Seoul, 04620, Republic of Korea.
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Saravanan S, Lenin K. Epidemiological profile of tobacco users attending a tobacco cessation centre at Puducherry, India. J Indian Assoc Public Health Dent 2022. [DOI: 10.4103/jiaphd.jiaphd_116_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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Saravanan S, Guleria N, Ranjitha HB, Sreenivasa BP, Hosamani M, Prieto C, Umapathi V, Santosh HK, Behera S, Dhanesh VV, Krishna GS, Gopinath S, Kolte A, Bayry J, Sanyal A, Basagoudanavar SH. Induction of antiviral and cell mediated immune responses significantly reduce viral load in an acute foot-and-mouth disease virus infection in cattle. Genomics 2021; 113:4254-4266. [PMID: 34757126 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2021.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Revised: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) causes a severe infection in ruminant animals. Here we present an in-depth transcriptional analysis of soft-palate tissue from cattle experimentally infected with FMDV. The differentially expressed genes from two Indian cattle (Bos indicus) breeds (Malnad Gidda and Hallikar) and Holstein Friesian (HF) crossbred calves, highlighted the activation of metabolic processes, mitochondrial functions and significant enrichment of innate antiviral immune response pathways in the indigenous calves. The results of RT-qPCR based validation of 12 genes was in alignment with the transcriptome data. The indigenous calves showing lesser virus load, elicited early neutralizing antibodies and IFN-γ immune responses. This study revealed that induction of potent innate antiviral response and cell mediated immunity in indigenous cattle, especially Malnad Gidda, significantly restricted FMDV replication during acute infection. These data highlighting the molecular processes associated with host-pathogen interactions, could aid in the conception of novel strategies to prevent and control FMDV infection in cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Saravanan
- ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Hebbal, Bengaluru 560024, India
| | - Neha Guleria
- ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Hebbal, Bengaluru 560024, India
| | - H B Ranjitha
- ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Hebbal, Bengaluru 560024, India
| | - B P Sreenivasa
- ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Hebbal, Bengaluru 560024, India
| | | | - Carlos Prieto
- Bioinformatics Service, Nucleus, University of Salamanca, Spain
| | - V Umapathi
- ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Hebbal, Bengaluru 560024, India
| | - H K Santosh
- Department of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Services Karnataka, India
| | - Subhasmita Behera
- ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Hebbal, Bengaluru 560024, India
| | - V V Dhanesh
- ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Hebbal, Bengaluru 560024, India
| | | | - Shreya Gopinath
- ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Hebbal, Bengaluru 560024, India
| | - Atul Kolte
- ICAR-National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Bengaluru 560030, India
| | - Jagadeesh Bayry
- Department of Biological Sciences and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Palakkad, Palakkad 678623, India
| | - Aniket Sanyal
- ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Hebbal, Bengaluru 560024, India
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Navaneethan R, Saravanan S. Detection of Staphylococcus aureus and antibiotic sensitivity pattern in mastitic cases from Namakkal District. IJDS 2021. [DOI: 10.33785/ijds.2021.v74i04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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13
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Vimalraj S, Subramanian R, Saravanan S, Arumugam B, Anuradha D. MicroRNA-432-5p regulates sprouting and intussusceptive angiogenesis in osteosarcoma microenvironment by targeting PDGFB. J Transl Med 2021; 101:1011-1025. [PMID: 33846539 DOI: 10.1038/s41374-021-00589-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Revised: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcoma (OS) is a type of bone tumor conferred with high metastatic potential. Attainable growth of tumors necessitates functional vasculature mediated by sprouting angiogenesis (SA) and intussusceptive angiogenesis (IA). However, the regulation of IA and SA is still unclear in OS. To understand the mechanisms adopted by OS to induce angiogenesis, initially, we assessed the expression profile of a set of miRNAs' in both OS cells (SaOS2 and MG63) and normal bone cells. Amongst them, miR-432-5p was found to be highly downregulated in OS. The functional role of miR-432-5p in OS was further analyzed using miR-432-5p mimic/inhibitor. Platelet-derived growth factor-B (PDGFB) was found to be a putative target of miR-432-5p and it was further confirmed that the PDGFB 3'UTR is directly targeted by miR-432-5p using the luciferase reporter gene system. PDGFB was found to be secreted by OS to regulate angiogenesis by targeting the cells in its microenvironment. The conditioned medium obtained from miR-432-5p mimic transfected MG63 and SaOS2 cells decreased cell viability, proliferation, migration, and aorta ring formation in endothelial cells. The miRNA mimic/inhibitor transfected MG63 and SaOS2 cells were placed on SA (day 6) and IA (day 9) phase of CAM development to analyze SA and IA mechanisms. It was found that miR-432-5p mimic transfection in OS promotes the transition of SA to IA which was documented by the angiogenic parameters and SA and IA-associated gene expression. Interestingly, this outcome was also supported by the zebrafish tumor xenograft model. Corroborating these results, it is clear that miR-432-5p expression in OS cells regulates SA and IA by targeting PDGFB genes. We conclude that targeting miR-432-5p/PDGFB signaling can be a potential therapeutic strategy to treat OS along with other existing strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selvaraj Vimalraj
- Centre for Biotechnology, Anna University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Raghunandhakumar Subramanian
- Saveetha Dental College and Hospital, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sekaran Saravanan
- Centre for Nanotechnology and Advanced Biomaterials (CeNTAB), Department of Biotechnology, School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA University, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, India
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Rhoads J, Malatestinic W, Burge R, Ganz M, Saravanan S, Duffin K. 401 Using electronic health records to evaluate factors associated with treatment escalation in psoriasis. J Invest Dermatol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2021.02.424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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15
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Menaga D, Saravanan S. GA-PPARM: constraint-based objective function and genetic algorithm for privacy preserved association rule mining. Evol Intel 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s12065-021-00576-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Saravanan S, Berry N. Agroforestry Practices in Tamil Nadu, India – A Boon for Farmers for Livelihood Security. CURR SCI INDIA 2021. [DOI: 10.18520/cs/v120/i4/644-653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Raj Preeth D, Saravanan S, Shairam M, Selvakumar N, Selestin Raja I, Dhanasekaran A, Vimalraj S, Rajalakshmi S. Bioactive Zinc(II) complex incorporated PCL/gelatin electrospun nanofiber enhanced bone tissue regeneration. Eur J Pharm Sci 2021; 160:105768. [PMID: 33607242 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2021.105768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Revised: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Bone tissue regeneration is augmented by biocompatible nanofiber scaffolds, that supports reliable and enhanced bone formation. Zinc is an essential mineral that is vital for routine skeletal growth and it emerges to be able to improve bone regeneration. Phytochemicals, particularly flavonoids have achieved prominent interest for their therapeutic ability, they have demonstrated promising effects on bone by encouraging osteoblastogenesis, which finally leads to bone formation. In this study, we have synthesized bioactive zinc(II) quercetin complex material and used for nanofibers scaffold fabrication to enhance bone tissue regeneration property. Two derivatives of zinc(II) quercetin complexes [(Zn(quercetin) (H2O)2) (Zn+Q), and Zn(quercetin)(phenanthroline) (Zn+Q(PHt)) have been synthesized and characterized using UV-Visible spectrophotometer and Fourier Transform-IR spectroscopy. The UV-Visible absorption and IR spectra prove the B-ring chelation of the flavonoid quercetin to zinc(II) rather C-ring chelation. The potential ability of the above synthesized metal complexes on osteogenesis and angiogenesis have been studied. Besides the bioactivity of the metal complexes, the control quercetin has also been examined. The chick embryo chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) assay demonstrated that the angiogenic parameters were increased by the (Zn+Q(PHt)) complex. Amongst, (Zn+Q(PHt)) complex showed significant activity and thereby this complex has been further examined for the bone tissue activity by incorporating the complex into a nanofiber through electrospinning method. At the molecular level, Runx2, mRNA and protein, ALP and type 1 collagen mRNAs, and osteoblast-specific microRNA, pre-mir-15b were examined using real time RT-PCR and Western blot assay. Histology studies showed that the (PCL/gelatin/Zn+Q(PHt)) was biocompatibility in-ovo. Overall, the present study showed that quercetin-zinc complex (Zn+Q(PHt)) incorporated into PCL/gelatin nanofiber can act as a pharmacological agent for treating bone associated defects and promote bone regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Desingh Raj Preeth
- Chemical Biology and Nanobiotechnology Laboratory, AU-KBC Research Centre, Anna University, MIT, Campus, Chrompet, Chennai 600 044, India
| | - Sekaran Saravanan
- Centre for Nanotechnology & Advance Biomaterials (CeNTAB), Department of Bioengineering, School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA University, Thanjavur 613 401, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Manickaraj Shairam
- Chemical Biology and Nanobiotechnology Laboratory, AU-KBC Research Centre, Anna University, MIT, Campus, Chrompet, Chennai 600 044, India
| | | | | | | | - Selvaraj Vimalraj
- Centre for Biotechnology, Anna University, Guindy, Chennai 600 025, India; Department of Pharmacology, Saveetha Dental College and Hospital, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Chennai 600 077, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Subramaniyam Rajalakshmi
- Chemical Biology and Nanobiotechnology Laboratory, AU-KBC Research Centre, Anna University, MIT, Campus, Chrompet, Chennai 600 044, India.
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Dhinasekaran D, Vimalraj S, Rajendran AR, Saravanan S, Purushothaman B, Subramaniam B. Bio-inspired multifunctional collagen/electrospun bioactive glass membranes for bone tissue engineering applications. Mater Sci Eng C Mater Biol Appl 2021; 126:111856. [PMID: 34082925 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2020.111856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Revised: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Treatment of bone disease and disorders is often challenging due to its complex structure. Each year millions of people needs bone substitution materials with quick recovery from diseases conditions. Synthetic bone substitutes mimicking structural, chemical and biological properties of bone matrix structure will be very obliging and of copious need. In this work, we reported on the fabrication of bioinspired, biomimetic, multifunctional bone-like three-dimensional (3D) membranes made up of inorganic bioactive glass fibers matrixed organic collagen structure. The 3D structure is arranged as a stacked-layer similar to the order of apatite and neotissue formation. Comparative studies on collagen, collagen with hollow and solid bioactive glass fibers evidenced that, collagen/hollow bioactive glass is mechanically robust, has optimal hydrophilicity, simultaneously promotes bioactivity and in situ forming drug delivery. The 3D membrane displays outstanding mechanical properties apropos to the bioactive glass fibers arrangement, with its Youngs modulus approaching the modulus of cortical bone. The in vitro cell culture studies with fibroblast cells (3T3) on the membranes display enhanced cell adhesion and proliferation with the cell alignment similar to anisotropic cell alignment found in the native bone extracellular matrix. The membranes also support 3D cell culturing and exhibits cell proliferation on the membrane surface, which extends the possibility of its bone tissue engineering application. The alkaline phosphatase assessment and alizarin red staining of osteoblast cells (MG63) depicted an enhanced osteogenic activity of the membranes. Notable Runx2, Col-Type-1 mRNA, osteocalcin, and osteonectin levels were found to be significantly increased in cells grown on the collagen/hollow bioactive glass membrane. This membrane also promotes vascularization in the chick chorioallantoic membrane model. The results altogether evidence this multifunctional 3D membrane could potentially be utilized for treatment of bone defects.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Selvaraj Vimalraj
- Centre for Biotechnology, Anna University, Chennai 600 025, Tamil Nadu, India; Department of Pharmacology, Saveetha Dental College and Hospital, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Chennai 600 077, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Ajay Rakkesh Rajendran
- Department of Physics and Nanotechnology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur - 603 203, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sekaran Saravanan
- Centre for Nanotechnology & Advanced Biomaterials (CeNTAB), Department of Biotechnology, School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA University, Thanjavur 613 401, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Bargavi Purushothaman
- National Centre for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, University of Madras, 600 025, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Balakumar Subramaniam
- National Centre for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, University of Madras, 600 025, Tamil Nadu, India
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Venkatesan C, Saravanan S, Satheeskumaran S. Real-time ECG signal pre-processing and neuro fuzzy-based CHD risk prediction. IJCSE 2021. [DOI: 10.1504/ijcse.2021.10039962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Chellappan R, Satheeskumaran S, Venkatesan C, Saravanan S. Discrete stationary wavelet transform and SVD-based digital image watermarking for improved security. IJCSE 2021. [DOI: 10.1504/ijcse.2021.117016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Vaidhyanathan B, Vincent P, Vadivel S, Karuppiah P, AL-Dhabi NA, Sadhasivam DR, Vimalraj S, Saravanan S. Fabrication and Investigation of the Suitability of Chitosan-Silver Composite Scaffolds for Bone Tissue Engineering Applications. Process Biochem 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2020.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Gopalakrishnan D, Saravanan S, Merckx R, Madan Kumar A, Khamrang T, Velusamy M, Vasanth K, Sunitha S, Hoogenboom R, Maji S, Ganeshpandian M. N, N-Ru(II)- p-cymene-poly( N-vinylpyrrolidone) surface functionalized gold nanoparticles: from organoruthenium complex to nanomaterial for antiproliferative activity. Dalton Trans 2021; 50:8232-8242. [PMID: 34037018 DOI: 10.1039/d1dt00694k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Organometallic Ru-arene complexes are promising as anticancer agents, but the lack of tumor uptake and poor solubility in the physiological medium impede their development. In order to deal with these challenges, we developed gold nanoparticles coated with Ru(arene)-functionalized PNVP-Py, where PNVP-Py is pyridine end-functionalized poly(N-vinylpyrrolidone). It is demonstrated that these particles exhibit higher anti-proliferative activity than the individual organometallic ruthenium(ii) complex of the type [Ru(η6-p-cymene)(NN)Cl]PF6, where NN is bis(4-methoxyphenylimino)acenaphthene, against colorectal adenocarcinoma cell lines. More specifically, a RuII(η6-p-cymene) complex containing a NN bidentate ligand has been prepared and characterized by spectral studies and X-ray crystallography. To tether the isolated complex onto the surface of the AuNPs, PNVP-Py, which contains a pyridine group at one end to coordinate to the Ru-complex and a suitable functional group at the other end to bind on the surface of the AuNPs, has been prepared and utilized to obtain the macromolecular complex [Ru(η6-p-cymene)(NN)(PNVP-Py)]Cl2. Next, stable Ru(p-cym)(NN)(PNVP-Py)@AuNPs were obtained via a ligand exchange reaction of citrate-stabilized AuNPs with a macromolecular complex by a direct 'grafting to' approach and characterized well. Despite the lower DNA cleavage activity, the nanoconjugate exhibits better cytotoxicity than the individual complex against HT-29 colorectal adenocarcinoma cells on account of its enhanced permeability across the cell membrane. The AO/EB staining assay revealed that the nanoconjugate is able to induce an apoptotic mode of cell death, which was further quantitatively evaluated by Annexin V-FITC/PI double assay. An immunofluorescence assay indicated the higher potency of the nanoconjugate to inhibit cyclin D1 gene expression that is required for cancer cell growth. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of the modification of an organometallic Ru(arene) complex into a Ru(arene)metallopolymer-gold nanoconjugate for the development of ruthenium-based nanomedicine for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Durairaj Gopalakrishnan
- Department of Chemistry, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur 603203, Chengalpattu, Chennai, TN, India.
| | - S Saravanan
- Department of Chemistry, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur 603203, Chengalpattu, Chennai, TN, India.
| | - Ronald Merckx
- Supramolecular Chemistry Group, Centre of Macromolecular Chemistry (CMaC), Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 S4, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Arumugam Madan Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai - 600119, India
| | - Themmila Khamrang
- Department of Chemistry, C. I. College, Bishnupur 795126, Manipur, India
| | - Marappan Velusamy
- Department of Chemistry, North Eastern Hill University, Shillong 793022, India
| | - K Vasanth
- Division of Molecular Biology, Interdisciplinary Institute of Indian System of Medicine (IIISM), SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur 603203, Chengalpattu, Chennai, TN, India
| | - S Sunitha
- Department of Chemistry, Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai - 600119, India
| | - Richard Hoogenboom
- Supramolecular Chemistry Group, Centre of Macromolecular Chemistry (CMaC), Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 S4, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Samarendra Maji
- Department of Chemistry, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur 603203, Chengalpattu, Chennai, TN, India.
| | - Mani Ganeshpandian
- Department of Chemistry, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur 603203, Chengalpattu, Chennai, TN, India.
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Saravanan S, Venkatesan C, Satheeskumaran S, Chellappan R. Discrete stationary wavelet transform and SVD-based digital image watermarking for improved security. IJCSE 2021. [DOI: 10.1504/ijcse.2021.10039965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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25
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Saravanan S, Thirumurugan P. Performance Analysis of Glioma Brain Tumor Segmentation Using Ridgelet Transform and Co-Active Adaptive Neuro Fuzzy Expert System Methodology. j med imaging hlth inform 2020. [DOI: 10.1166/jmihi.2020.3312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Objective: The Glioma brain tumor detection and segmentation methods are proposed in this paper using machine learning approaches. The primary objective of this paper is to provide high level of tumor region segmentation using optimization and machine learning techniques. Methods:
The boundary edge pixels are detected using Kirsch's edge detectors and then contrast adaptive histogram equalization method is applied on the edge detected pixels. Then, Ridgelet transform is applied on this enhanced brain image in order to obtain the Ridgelet multi resolution coefficients.
Further, features are derived from the Ridgelet transformed coefficients and the features are optimized using Principal Component Analysis (PCA) method and these optimized features are classified into Glioma or non-Glioma brain images using Co-Active Adaptive Neuro Fuzzy Expert System (CANFES)
classifier. Results: The proposed method with PCA and CANFES classification approach obtains 97.6% of sensitivity (Se), 98.56% of Specificity (sp), 98.73% of Accuracy (Acc), 98.85% of Precision (Pr), 98.11% of False Positive Rate (FPR) and 98.185 of False Negative Rate (FNR), then the
proposed Glioma brain tumor detection method using CANFES classification approach only.
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Vimalraj S, Saravanan S, Hariprabu G, Yuvashree R, Ajieth Kanna SK, Sujoy K, Anjali D. Kaempferol-zinc(II) complex synthesis and evaluation of bone formation using zebrafish model. Life Sci 2020; 256:117993. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.117993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Revised: 06/14/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Saravanan S, Nagarajan V, Chandiramouli R. Alcohol molecular interaction studies on stair phosphorene nanosheets: a first-principles approach. Struct Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s11224-020-01615-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Jun H, Jian Z, Hong Y, Jayabharathy R, Gomathi V, Valarmathi R, Bagyalakshmi G, Elamaran V, Saravanan S. Digital Hearing Aids Using Automated Varying Bandwidth Finite Impulse Response Filter Banks. j med imaging hlth inform 2020. [DOI: 10.1166/jmihi.2020.3128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
A human auditory system is a highly complex sensitive system which transfers the acoustic sound into neuroelectrical signals toward the brain. Hearing difficulties or deafness are the outcomes of the problems occurred at any part of the auditory system. Assistive technologies such as
hearing aids are developed to improve the quality of life of the hearing impaired people. Current digital hearing aids have fixed bandwidth filter banks which cannot provide enough flexibility to match with audiogram of different hearing loss. Recently, variable bandwidth filter banks have
been introduced with different technologies to match more closely with the audiogram of a particular hearing loss. This research work proposes and implements a software controlled variable bandwidth FIR filter bank using Matlab GUI. In the Matlab GUI, in the filter bank, the bandwidth of every
filter is adjusted dynamically in the Matlab GUI such that it fits more closely to the audiogram of a particular hearing loss. An experiment has been conducted in the developed Matlab GUI with various hearing loss, and the results show that the proposed system matches the filter bank magnitude
response very closely to the audiogram of a particular hearing loss and reduces the matching error.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hu Jun
- School of Civil Engineering, Chongqing Jiaotong University, Chongqing 400074, China
| | - Zeng Jian
- School of Civil Engineering, Chongqing Jiaotong University, Chongqing 400074, China
| | - Yi Hong
- School of Civil Engineering, Chongqing Jiaotong University, Chongqing 400074, China
| | - R. Jayabharathy
- School of Electrical and Electronics Engineering (EEE), Shanmugha Arts Science Technology Research Academy (SASTRA) Deemed University, Thanjavur 613403, Tamilnadu, India
| | - V. Gomathi
- School of Electrical and Electronics Engineering (EEE), Shanmugha Arts Science Technology Research Academy (SASTRA) Deemed University, Thanjavur 613403, Tamilnadu, India
| | - R. Valarmathi
- School of Electrical and Electronics Engineering (EEE), Shanmugha Arts Science Technology Research Academy (SASTRA) Deemed University, Thanjavur 613403, Tamilnadu, India
| | - G. Bagyalakshmi
- School of Electrical and Electronics Engineering (EEE), Shanmugha Arts Science Technology Research Academy (SASTRA) Deemed University, Thanjavur 613403, Tamilnadu, India
| | - V. Elamaran
- School of Electrical and Electronics Engineering (EEE), Shanmugha Arts Science Technology Research Academy (SASTRA) Deemed University, Thanjavur 613403, Tamilnadu, India
| | - S. Saravanan
- Department of Information Science and Engineering, CMR Institute of Technology, Bangalore 560037, India
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Zhong M, Yang Y, Zhou Y, Octavian Postolache M, Chandrasekar M, Venkat Babu G, Manikandan C, Balaji VS, Saravanan S, Elamaran V. Advanced Digital Signal Processing Techniques on the Classification of the Heart Sound Signals. j med imaging hlth inform 2020. [DOI: 10.1166/jmihi.2020.3127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Speech processing subject primarily depends on the digital signal processing (DSP) methods, such as convolution, discrete Fourier transform (DFT), fast Fourier transforms (FFT), finite impulse response (FIR) and infinite impulse response (IIR) filters, FFT recursive and non-recursive
digital filters, FFT processing, random signal theory, adaptive filters, upsampling and downsampling, etc. Recursive and non-recursive digital filters are primarily deployed to absorb the signal of interest signals and to block the unwanted signals (noise). Broadly, low-pass, high-pass, band-pass,
and band-stop filters are implemented for filtering functions. In frequent, the DSP theories can be used for further biomedical engineering domains like biomedical imaging (MRI, ultrasound, CT, X-ray, PET) and genetic signal analysis-cum-processing too. In this article, the experiments such
as voiced/unvoiced detection, formants estimation using FFT and spectrograms, pitch estimation and tracking and yes/no sound classification are used. Also, the analysis of normal/abnormal heart sound signals using simple energy computation and the zero-crossing rate and their results are obtained.
For the entire study, the Matlab R2018a tool is used to obtain the simulation results. At last, the criticism, feedbacks, comments, reactions from the student are detailed for the exceptional development of the course.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meisu Zhong
- Institute of Logistics Science & Engineering, Shanghai Maritime University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Yongsheng Yang
- Institute of Logistics Science & Engineering, Shanghai Maritime University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Yamin Zhou
- Institute of Logistics Science & Engineering, Shanghai Maritime University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | | | - M. Chandrasekar
- School of Electrical Electronics Engineering, Shanmugha Arts Science Technology Research Academy Deemed University, Thanjavur 613403, India
| | - G. Venkat Babu
- School of Electrical Electronics Engineering, Shanmugha Arts Science Technology Research Academy Deemed University, Thanjavur 613403, India
| | - C. Manikandan
- School of Electrical Electronics Engineering, Shanmugha Arts Science Technology Research Academy Deemed University, Thanjavur 613403, India
| | - V. S. Balaji
- School of Electrical Electronics Engineering, Shanmugha Arts Science Technology Research Academy Deemed University, Thanjavur 613403, India
| | - S. Saravanan
- Department of Information Science and Engineering, CMR Institute of Technology, Bangalore 560037, India
| | - V. Elamaran
- School of Electrical Electronics Engineering, Shanmugha Arts Science Technology Research Academy Deemed University, Thanjavur 613403, India
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Hui W, Chang G, Saravanan S, Gomathi V, Valarmathi R, Balaji VS, Elamaran V. Revisiting FPGA Implementation of Digital Filters and Exploring Approximate Computing on Biomedical Signals. j med imaging hlth inform 2020. [DOI: 10.1166/jmihi.2020.3129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, the approximate computing becomes popular in the era of VLSI (very large scale integration) domain to arrive better power, area, and delay outcomes at the cost of lower precision loss. Also, the human beings are not so intelligent to see/observe/listen the processed
digital data; means even if some of the data loss occurs human beings are unable to notice them. This behavior set the engineers to research on approximate computing which are very useful in the multimedia data processing, data communications, high-volume data storage, etc. In this study,
the experiments such as hum-noise removal, filters on QRS detection are implemented on an Altera FPGA EP4CEF29C7 device using Quartus II 13.1 synthesis software tool and the simulation results on device utilization reports, the speed and the power are obtained. Simulation results reveal that
the approximate computational filters offer better power, area, and speed results than the conventional ones. Also, Matlab 9.4 (R2018a) simulation was used to carry out the functional verification of the actual and approximate filters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wang Hui
- Network & Information Center, Chengdu Normal University, Chengdu, 610100, China
| | - Gong Chang
- Network & Information Center, Chengdu Normal University, Chengdu, 610100, China
| | - S. Saravanan
- Department of Information Science and Engineering, CMR Institute of Technology, Bangalore, India
| | - V. Gomathi
- School of Electrical Electronics Engineering, Shanmugha Arts Science Technology Research Academy Deemed University, Thanjavur 613403, Tamilnadu, India
| | - R. Valarmathi
- School of Electrical Electronics Engineering, Shanmugha Arts Science Technology Research Academy Deemed University, Thanjavur 613403, Tamilnadu, India
| | - V. S. Balaji
- School of Electrical Electronics Engineering, Shanmugha Arts Science Technology Research Academy Deemed University, Thanjavur 613403, Tamilnadu, India
| | - V. Elamaran
- School of Electrical Electronics Engineering, Shanmugha Arts Science Technology Research Academy Deemed University, Thanjavur 613403, Tamilnadu, India
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Kumar AM, Adesina AY, Hussein M, Umoren SA, Ramakrishna S, Saravanan S. Preparation and characterization of Pectin/Polypyrrole based multifunctional coatings on TiNbZr alloy for orthopaedic applications. Carbohydr Polym 2020; 242:116285. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.116285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Revised: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 04/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Jayaramachandran M, Saravanan S, Motilal A, Prabhu PC, Hepziba SJ, Swain H, Boopathi NM. Genetic improvement of a neglected and underutilised oilseed crop: sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) through mutation breeding. Nucleus 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s13237-020-00329-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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Vimalraj S, Saravanan S, Raghunandhakumar S, Anuradha D. Melatonin regulates tumor angiogenesis via miR-424-5p/VEGFA signaling pathway in osteosarcoma. Life Sci 2020; 256:118011. [PMID: 32592723 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Revised: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Melatonin is recognized as an anti-angiogenic agent, but its function in the tumor microenvironment especially in osteosarcoma remains uncertain. Among the selected miRNAs, miR-205, miR-424, miR-140, miR-106, and miR-519 were upregulated by melatonin in osteosarcoma cells. The functional role of miR-424-5p in osteosarcoma was further analyzed using miR-424-5p mimic/inhibitor. VEGFA mRNA and protein expression were altered by miR-424-5p mimic/inhibitor transfection with and without melatonin treatment and it was further identified that the VEGFA 3'UTR is directly targeted by miR-424-5p using the luciferase reporter gene system. The conditioned medium from SaOS2 and MG63 cells treated with melatonin and/or transfected with miR-424-5p mimic/inhibitor was exposed to endothelial cells, and cell proliferation and migration was analyzed. MG-63 and SaOS2 cells are also transfected with miR-424-5p inhibitors and positioned on CAM vascular bed to study the angiogenic activity at both morphological and molecular level under melatonin treatment. Our observations demonstrate for the first time that, melatonin upregulated the expression of miR-424-5p in osteosarcoma inhibiting VEGFA. Furthermore, it suppresses tumor angiogenesis, modulating surrounding endothelial cell proliferation and migration as well as the morphology of blood vessels, and angiogenic growth factors. These findings suggest that melatonin could play a pivotal role in tumor suppression via miR-424-5p/VEGFA axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selvaraj Vimalraj
- Centre for Biotechnology, Anna University, Chennai 600 025, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Sekaran Saravanan
- Centre for Nanotechnology & Advanced Biomaterials (CeNTAB), Department of Biotechnology, School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA University, Thanjavur 613 401, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Subramanian Raghunandhakumar
- Department of Pharmacology, Saveetha Dental College and Hospital, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Chennai 600 077, Tamil Nadu, India
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Saravanan S, Vimalraj S, Pavani K, Nikarika R, Sumantran VN. Intussusceptive angiogenesis as a key therapeutic target for cancer therapy. Life Sci 2020; 252:117670. [PMID: 32298741 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.117670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2020] [Revised: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Deregulation of angiogenesis is a key reason for tumor growth and progression. Several anti-angiogenic drugs in clinical practice attempt to normalize abnormal tumor vasculature. Unfortunately, these drugs are ineffective due to the development of resistance in patients after drug holidays. A sizable literature suggests that resistance to these anti-angiogenic drugs occurs due to various compensatory mechanisms of tumor angiogenesis. Therefore, we describe different compensatory mechanisms of tumor angiogenesis, and explain why intussusceptive angiogenesis (IA), is a crucial mechanism of compensatory angiogenesis in tumors which resist anti-VEGF (vascular endothelial growth factor) therapies. IA is often overlooked due to the scarcity of experimental models. Therefore, we examine data from existing experimental models and our novel ex-ovo model of angiogenesis in chick embryos, and explain the important genes and signaling pathways driving IA. Using bio-informatic analyses of major genes regulating conventional sprouting angiogenesis (SA) and intussusceptive angiogenesis, we provide fresh insights on the 'angiogenic switch' which regulates the transition from SA to IA. Finally, we examine the interplay between molecules regulating SA, IA, and molecules known to promote tumor progression. Based on these analyses, we conclude that intussusceptive angiogenesis (IA) is a promising therapeutic target for developing effective anti-cancer treatment regimes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sekaran Saravanan
- Centre for Nanotechnology & Advanced Biomaterials (CeNTAB), Department of Bioengineering, School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA University, Thanjavur 613 401, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Selvaraj Vimalraj
- Centre for Biotechnology, Anna University, Chennai 600 025, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Koka Pavani
- Centre for Biotechnology, Anna University, Chennai 600 025, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Ramesh Nikarika
- Centre for Biotechnology, Anna University, Chennai 600 025, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Venil N Sumantran
- Abdul Kalam Center for Innovation and Entrepreneurship, Dr. MGR Educational & Research Institute, Maduravoyal, Chennai 600095, India
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Saravana Pandian P, Sindhanai Selvan S, Subathira A, Saravanan S. Optimization of Aqueous Two Phase Extraction of Proteins from Litopenaeus Vannamei Waste by Response Surface Methodology Coupled Multi-Objective Genetic Algorithm. Chemical Product and Process Modeling 2020. [DOI: 10.1515/cppm-2019-0034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Waste generated from industrial processing of seafood is an enormous source of commercially valuable proteins. One among the underutilized seafood waste is shrimp waste, which primarily consists of head and carapace. Litopenaeus vannamei (L. vannamei) is the widely cultivated shrimp in Asia and contributes to 90 % of aggregate shrimp production in the world. This work was focused on extraction as well as purification of value-added proteins from L. vannamei waste in a single step aqueous two phase system (ATPS). Polyethylene glycol (PEG) and trisodium citrate system were chosen for the ATPS owing to their adequate partitioning and less toxic nature. Response surface methodology (RSM) was implemented for the optimization of independent process variables such as PEG molecular weight (2000 to 6000), pH (6 to 8) and temperature (25 to 45 °C). The results obtained from RSM were further validated using a Multi-objective genetic algorithm (MGA). At the optimized condition of PEG molecular weight 2000, pH 8 and temperature 35 °C, maximum partition coefficient and protein yield were found to be 2.79 and 92.37 %, respectively. Thus, L. vannamei waste was proved to be rich in proteins, which could be processed industrially through cost-effective non-polluting ATPS extraction, and RSM coupled MGA could be a potential tool for such process optimization.
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Saravanan S, Umapathi V, Priyanka M, Hosamani M, Sreenivasa BP, Patel BHM, Narayanan K, Sanyal A, Basagoudanavar SH. Hematological and serum biochemical profile in cattle experimentally infected with foot-and-mouth disease virus. Vet World 2020; 13:426-432. [PMID: 32367945 PMCID: PMC7183469 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2020.426-432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim: Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is an acute viral infection affecting cloven-hoofed animals causing vesicular erosions in the oral cavity and interdigital space. The present study was undertaken to ascertain the time-dependent changes in clinical, hematological, and biochemical profiles in different breeds of cattle following experimental infection. Materials and Methods: The animals were inoculated with 1.0×104 50% bovine tongue infectious dose (BTID50) by intradermolingual route. Clinical signs were observed, and blood/serum samples were collected at different time intervals. Results: The white blood cell count declined sharply on days 7-13 and recovered on day 14 post-FMD infection. Biochemical analysis of serum markers for vital organ profile revealed no marked damage. However, a significant increase in blood urea nitrogen (BUN) value indicated pre-renal azotemia. Transient hyperthyroidism was indicated by the rise in T3 and T4 that can be correlated with a decrease in triglyceride and total cholesterol levels. In the cardiac damage assessment study, a distinct breed difference was observed wherein Malnad Gidda calves showed no cardiac damage. Conclusion: Except thyroid profile, BUN, and creatine kinase-myocardial band, all other serum biochemical parameters showed no significant abnormalities, whereas lymphopenia is the only hematological change and it is suggested that effective ameliorative measures should be targeted mainly on the feed/water intake, thyroid gland, and the level of lymphocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Saravanan
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - V Umapathi
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - M Priyanka
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - M Hosamani
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - B P Sreenivasa
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - B H M Patel
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - K Narayanan
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Aniket Sanyal
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - S H Basagoudanavar
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
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Shanmugam S, Saravanan S, Susikar S, Syed Afroze H, Mendu SK. Role of Ultrasound-Guided Brachytherapy Applicator Placement in Cancer Cervix. Indian J Gynecol Oncolog 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s40944-019-0344-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Xiaoxiao X, Bin L, Ramkumar S, Saravanan S, Balaji MSP, Dhanasekaran S, Thimmiaraja J. Electroencephalogram based communication system for locked in state person using mentally spelled tasks with optimized network model. Artif Intell Med 2020; 102:101766. [PMID: 31980103 DOI: 10.1016/j.artmed.2019.101766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Revised: 11/16/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Due to growth in population, Individual persons with disabilities are increasing daily. To overcome the disability especially in Locked in State (LIS) due to Spinal Cord Injury (SCI), we planned to design four states moving robot from four imagery tasks signals acquired from three electrode systems by placing the electrodes in three positions namely T1, T3 and FP1. At the time of the study we extract the features from Continuous Wavelet Transform (CWT) and trained with Optimized Neural Network model to analyze the features. The proposed network model showed the highest performances with an accuracy of 93.86 % then that of conventional network model. To confirm the performances we conduct offline test. The offline test also proved that new network model recognizing accuracy was higher than the conventional network model with recognizing accuracy of 97.50 %. To verify our result we conducted Information Transfer Rate (ITR), from this analysis we concluded that optimized network model outperforms the other network models like conventional ordinary Feed Forward Neural Network, Time Delay Neural Network and Elman Neural Networks with an accuracy of 21.67 bits per sec. By analyzing classification performances, recognizing accuracy and Information Transformation Rate (ITR), we concluded that CWT features with optimized neural network model performances were comparably greater than that of normal or conventional neural network model and also the study proved that performances of male subjects was appreciated compared to female subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Xiaoxiao
- School of Entrepreneurship, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan Hubei Province, 430070, China.
| | - Luo Bin
- School of Foreign Languages, Wuhan Business University, Wuhan, 430056, China
| | - S Ramkumar
- School of Computing, Kalasalingam Academy of Research and Education, Krishnankoil, Virudhunagar (Dt), India
| | - S Saravanan
- Department of Information Science and Engineering, CMR Institute of Technology, Bangalore, India
| | | | - S Dhanasekaran
- School of Computing, Kalasalingam Academy of Research and Education, Krishnankoil, Virudhunagar (Dt), India
| | - J Thimmiaraja
- School of Computing, Kalasalingam Academy of Research and Education, Krishnankoil, Virudhunagar (Dt), India
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Solomon SS, Boon D, Saravanan S, Srikrishnan AK, Vasudevan CK, Balakrishnan P, Persaud D, Ray SC, Mehta S, Mehta SH. Diversity of hepatitis C virus infection among HIV-infected people who inject drugs in India. Virusdisease 2019; 30:490-497. [PMID: 31897414 PMCID: PMC6917681 DOI: 10.1007/s13337-019-00553-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The availability of generic direct acting antivirals (DAAs) for hepatitis C virus (HCV) treatment has prompted many low-and-middle-income countries to launch HCV elimination programs. Because the efficacy of some of these generic DAAs varies by HCV viral subtype, information on subtype distribution can contribute important information to these elimination programs. We conducted a cross-sectional serosurvey to characterize HCV subtype diversity among HIV positive people who inject drugs (PWID) across 14 cities in India. Of 801 HIV positive PWID sampled, 639 tested HCV antibody positive (78.9%). Among 105 samples sequenced, genotype 3 (58.1%) was the most commonly observed followed by genotype 1 (36.2%) and genotype 6 (5.7%). Of the genotype 3 infections, 65% were subtype 3a and 35% were subtype 3b. Of the genotype 1 infections, 94% were subtype 1a and 6% were subtype 1b. All genotype 6 samples were subtype 6n. There was some variability in genotype diversity depending on geographic region and PWID epidemic stage with greater diversity observed in older PWID epidemics. One sequence, HY018, did not cluster with any known reference sequences in phylogenetic analysis. Nearly 80% of HIV infected PWID across India are co-infected with HCV, and subtype prevalence and genetic diversity varied by region and PWID epidemic stage. HCV elimination programs in India will need to consider HCV subtype.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. S. Solomon
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD USA
- YR Gaitonde Centre for AIDS Research and Education, Chennai, India
| | - D. Boon
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD USA
| | - S. Saravanan
- YR Gaitonde Centre for AIDS Research and Education, Chennai, India
| | | | - C. K. Vasudevan
- YR Gaitonde Centre for AIDS Research and Education, Chennai, India
| | - P. Balakrishnan
- YR Gaitonde Centre for AIDS Research and Education, Chennai, India
| | - D. Persaud
- Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD USA
| | - S. C. Ray
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD USA
| | - S. Mehta
- Department of Medicine, University of California at San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA USA
| | - S. H. Mehta
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD USA
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Narayani SS, Saravanan S, Ravindran J, Ramasamy MS, Chitra J. In vitro anticancer activity of fucoidan extracted from Sargassum cinereum against Caco-2 cells. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 138:618-628. [PMID: 31344415 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.07.127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2019] [Revised: 07/08/2019] [Accepted: 07/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Fucoidan is a marine sulfated polysaccharide, which is extracted from brown seaweed that has a wide range of bioactivities including anti-cancer properties. However, the underlying mechanism of fucoidan on its anti-cancer and apoptotic activity against colon cancer cell line Caco-2 remains to be elucidated. Hence, the present study evaluated the cytotoxicity, apoptotic and anti-cancer activity of fucoidan extracted from brown seaweed Sargassum cinereum against Caco-2 cell line. Cytotoxicity, morphological examination of nuclei, mitochondrial membrane potential, flow cytometry, reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation and detection of apoptotic efficacy of fucoidan were assessed by different assay protocols. Fucoidan inhibited growth of Caco-2 cells in a dose-dependent manner. IC50 concentration of fucoidan was found to be 250 μg/ml. AO/EB, Hoechst and Annexin V/PI staining confirmed the apoptosis induced by fucoidan in Caco-2 cells. Fucoidan was also found to increase ROS production and augment mitochondrial membrane permeability. The findings of the study suggest that fucoidan exerts potent anti-cancer and apoptotic effect on Caco-2 cells by enhancing ROS production. Thus, fucoidan may be used as a promising therapeutic regimen against various cancer cell types.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - S Saravanan
- CAS in Marine Biology, Faculty of Marine Sciences, Annamalai University, Parangipettai, India
| | - J Ravindran
- Preclinical Department, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kuala Lumpur, Royal College of Medicine Perak, 30450 Ipoh, Malaysia
| | - M S Ramasamy
- Indian Systems of Medicine - Natural Products Laboratory, MIT Campus of Anna University, AUKBC Research Centre, Anna University, Chennai, India
| | - J Chitra
- Indian Systems of Medicine - Natural Products Laboratory, MIT Campus of Anna University, AUKBC Research Centre, Anna University, Chennai, India
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Ramya R, Saravanan S, Vijayalakshmi J, Kumari K. Differences Between MRI- and CT-Based Delineation of Target Volume and Organs at Risk in High-Dose-Rate Brachytherapy of Cervix. Indian J Gynecol Oncolog 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s40944-019-0310-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Yan W, Abu-El-Rub E, Saravanan S, Kirshenbaum LA, Arora RC, Dhingra S. Inflammation in myocardial injury: mesenchymal stem cells as potential immunomodulators. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2019; 317:H213-H225. [PMID: 31125258 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00065.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Ischemic heart disease is a growing worldwide epidemic. Improvements in medical and surgical therapies have reduced early mortality after acute myocardial infarction and increased the number of patients living with chronic heart failure. The irreversible loss of functional cardiomyocytes puts these patients at significant risk of ongoing morbidity and mortality after their index event. Recent evidence suggests that inflammation is a key mediator of postinfarction adverse remodeling in the heart. In this review, we discuss the cardioprotective and deleterious effects of inflammation and its mediators during acute myocardial infarction. We also explore the role of mesenchymal stem cell therapy to limit secondary injury and promote myocardial healing after myocardial infarction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiang Yan
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Saint Boniface Hospital Research Centre, Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba , Winnipeg , Canada.,Section of Cardiac Surgery, Department of Surgery, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba , Winnipeg , Canada
| | - Ejlal Abu-El-Rub
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Saint Boniface Hospital Research Centre, Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba , Winnipeg , Canada
| | - Sekaran Saravanan
- Centre for Nanotechnology and Advanced Biomaterials, Department of Bioengineering, SASTRA University , Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu , India
| | - Lorrie A Kirshenbaum
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Saint Boniface Hospital Research Centre, Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba , Winnipeg , Canada
| | - Rakesh C Arora
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Saint Boniface Hospital Research Centre, Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba , Winnipeg , Canada.,Section of Cardiac Surgery, Department of Surgery, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba , Winnipeg , Canada
| | - Sanjiv Dhingra
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Saint Boniface Hospital Research Centre, Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba , Winnipeg , Canada
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Madhan Kumar A, Adesina AY, Hussein MA, Ramakrishna S, Al-Aqeeli N, Akhtar S, Saravanan S. PEDOT/FHA nanocomposite coatings on newly developed Ti-Nb-Zr implants: Biocompatibility and surface protection against corrosion and bacterial infections. Mater Sci Eng C Mater Biol Appl 2019; 98:482-495. [PMID: 30813050 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2019.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2018] [Revised: 12/11/2018] [Accepted: 01/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The fabrication of bioactive polymer nanocomposite coatings with enhanced biocompatibility and surface protection has been a topic of abundant concern in orthopaedic implant applications. Herein, we electrochemically prepared a novel poly (3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) based nanocomposite coatings with different contents of fluoro hydroxyapatite (FHA) nanoparticles on a newly developed Ti-Nb-Zr (TNZ) alloy; an appropriate approach to advance the surface features of TNZ implants. FTIR, XRD, and Raman analyses of the coating confirm the successful preparation of PEDOT/FHA nanocomposite, and XPS validate the chemical interaction between FHA and PEDOT matrix. SEM and TEM examination show the uniform distribution of spherical FHA nanoparticles inside the PEDOT matrix. Hardness and contact angle measurement results showed improving in the hardness and surface wettability of the coated samples respectively. Electrochemical corrosion tests specified that the PEDOT/FHA coatings exhibit higher corrosion protection than the pure PEDOT coatings. The fabricated nanocomposite coating supports the cell adsorption and proliferation of MG-63 cells. Moreover, antibacterial studies against Gram positive and negative bacteria reveal the enhanced antibacterial performance of the coated TNZ substrates. Our results show the potential applications of PEDOT/FHA nanocomposite as a most viable coating for the orthopaedic implants.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Madhan Kumar
- Centre of Research Excellence in Corrosion, Research Institute, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Akeem Yusuf Adesina
- Centre of Research Excellence in Corrosion, Research Institute, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia
| | - M A Hussein
- Centre of Research Excellence in Corrosion, Research Institute, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia
| | - Suresh Ramakrishna
- Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea; College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - N Al-Aqeeli
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sultan Akhtar
- Electron Microscopy Unit, Institute for Research & Medical Consultations, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia
| | - S Saravanan
- Department of life science, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia
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Saravanan S, Vimalraj S, Thanikaivelan P, Banudevi S, Manivasagam G. A review on injectable chitosan/beta glycerophosphate hydrogels for bone tissue regeneration. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 121:38-54. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2018] [Revised: 09/20/2018] [Accepted: 10/01/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Zeglinski MR, Moghadam AR, Ande SR, Sheikholeslami K, Mokarram P, Sepehri Z, Rokni H, Mohtaram NK, Poorebrahim M, Masoom A, Toback M, Sareen N, Saravanan S, Jassal DS, Hashemi M, Marzban H, Schaafsma D, Singal P, Wigle JT, Czubryt MP, Akbari M, Dixon IM, Ghavami S, Gordon JW, Dhingra S. Myocardial Cell Signaling During the Transition to Heart Failure. Compr Physiol 2018; 9:75-125. [DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c170053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Menapara T, Tak RK, Saravanan S, Kureshy RI, Khan NUH, Ganguly B, Si MK. Isatin N-protected ketimines with nitromethane catalyzed by chiral binol linked monomeric macrocyclic Cu(II)–salen complex. Tetrahedron 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2018.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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Vimalraj S, Saravanan S, Anuradha D, Chatterjee S. Models to investigate intussusceptive angiogenesis: A special note on CRISPR/Cas9 based system in zebrafish. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 123:1229-1240. [PMID: 30468812 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.11.164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2018] [Revised: 11/08/2018] [Accepted: 11/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Angiogenesis is a distinct process which follows sprouting angiogenesis (SA) and intussusceptive angiogenesis (IA) forming the basis for various physiological and pathological scenarios. Angiogenesis is a double edged sword exerting both desirable and discernible effects owing to the referred microenvironment. Therapeutic interventions to promote angiogenesis in regenerative medicine is essential to achieve functional syncytium of tissue constructs while, angiogenic inhibition is a key therapeutic target to suppress tumor growth. In the recent years, clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats associated 9 (CRISPR-Cas9) based gene editing approaches have been gaining considerable attention in the field of biomedical research owing to its ease in tailoring targeted genome in living organisms. The Zebrafish model, with adequately high-throughput fitness, is a likely option for genome editing and angiogenesis research. In this review, we focus on the implication of Zebrafish as a model to study IA and furthermore enumerate CRISPR/Cas9 based genome editing in Zebrafish as a candidate for modeling different types of angiogenesis and support its candidature as a model organism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selvaraj Vimalraj
- Centre for Biotechnology, Anna University, Chennai 600 044, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Sekaran Saravanan
- Centre for Nanotechnology & Advanced Biomaterials (CeNTAB), Department of Bioengineering, School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA University, Thanjavur 613 401, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | | | - Suvro Chatterjee
- Centre for Biotechnology, Anna University, Chennai 600 044, Tamil Nadu, India
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Saravanan S, Umesha V, Syed Ali M, Padmanabhan S. Exponential passivity for uncertain neural networks with time-varying delays based on weighted integral inequalities. Neurocomputing 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neucom.2018.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Saravanan S, Sareen N, Sequiera G, Moudgil M, Dhingra S. GRAPHENE OXIDE CONTAINING CHITOSAN BASED HYDROGEL IMPROVES THE SURVIVAL OF TRANSPLANTED ALLOGENEIC STEM CELLS IN INFARCTED HEART. Can J Cardiol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2018.07.268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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Saravanan S, Vimalraj S, Anuradha D. Chitosan based thermoresponsive hydrogel containing graphene oxide for bone tissue repair. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 107:908-917. [PMID: 30257403 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.08.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2018] [Revised: 08/14/2018] [Accepted: 08/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Chitosan (CS), glycerophosphate (GP) based injectable hydrogels are explored for its implications in bone defect healing and regeneration. Both acellular and cell laden CS based hydrogels are widely investigated and improved through the inclusion of various nanoparticles, polymers and bioactive molecules. In order to improve its applicability for bone tissue repair, we developed an injectable, thermosensitive CS hydrogel containing graphene oxide (GO) and investigated its properties. The hydrogels were investigated for its porous architecture using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), swelling property, protein adsorption ability, degradation rate and exogenous biomineralization. GO addition improved the physico-chemical properties with notable betterment. The CS/GP/GO hydrogel was biocompatible to mesenchymal stem cells and they were metabolically active upon encapsulation. The hydrogel promoted osteogenic differentiation of mouse mesenchymal stem cells by upregualtion of Runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2), Alkaline phosphatase (ALP), Type -1 collagen (COL-1), and osteocalcin (OC) under osteogenic conditions. The hydrogel proves to be an amenable platform for carrying cells and exhibited suitable properties to be a potential candidate for bone tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sekaran Saravanan
- Centre for Nanotechnology & Advanced Biomaterials (CeNTAB), Department of Bioengineering, School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA University, Thanjavur, 613 401, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Selvaraj Vimalraj
- Centre for Biotechnology, Anna University, Chennai, 600 025, Tamil Nadu, India.
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