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Hussein MA, Kumar AM, Azeem MA, Sorour AA, Saravanan S. Ti-30Nb-3Ag alloy with improved corrosion resistance and antibacterial properties for orthopedic and dental applications produced by mechanical alloying. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2023; 142:105851. [PMID: 37068434 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2023.105851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 04/19/2023]
Abstract
Titanium alloys have gained popularity as a bioimplant material due to their biocompatibility, low modulus of elasticity, and increased strength. However, other issues, such as corrosion resistance, and infections can reduce the implant's lifespan. This paper aims to fabricate a new Ti-30Nb-3Ag at% alloy with enhanced in vitro corrosion and antibacterial properties by mechanical alloying (MA) followed by powder consolidation. XRD, SEM/EDX, and Vickers microhardness analyses were used to examine the phases compositions, microstructure, and microhardness, respectively. The in vitro corrosion performance of Ti-30Nb-3Ag alloy was inspected in a simulated body medium and artificial saliva. The alloy's antibacterial properties were evaluated in the gram-positive and negative bacterial medium. The results showed that after MA for 60 h, nanocrystalline β-Ti (BCC) and α-Ti (HCP) solid solutions were formed with crystallite sizes of 7.44 and 3.47 nm, respectively. The sintered sample exhibited densifications of 97%, with a microstructure composed of β-Ti, α-Ti, and a minor quantity of ultrafine Ti2Ag phase. The microhardness result showed that Ti-30Nb-3Ag alloy possesses HV 491.5. Ti-30Nb-3Ag alloy has a potent antibacterial capability of 85.75% and 88.81% relative to Ti-6Al-4V alloy and CP-Ti, respectively. In vitro corrosion results revealed that the Ti-30Nb-3Ag alloy exhibited the widespread passive area in the investigated anodic regions and presented the highest impedance values in comparison with the commercial alloys, confirming its improved corrosion resistance performance in both studied mediums. Ti-30Nb-3Ag alloy possibly be a competitive bioimplant material for orthopedic and dental uses owing to its enhanced biocorrosion and antibacterial properties compared to commercial Ti-6Al-4V alloy and CP-Ti.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Hussein
- Interdisciplinary Research Center for Advanced Materials, King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals (KFUPM), Dhahran, 31261, Saudi Arabia.
| | - A Madhan Kumar
- Interdisciplinary Research Center for Advanced Materials, King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals (KFUPM), Dhahran, 31261, Saudi Arabia
| | - M A Azeem
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals(KFUPM), Dhahran, 31261, Saudi Arabia
| | - A A Sorour
- Interdisciplinary Research Center for Advanced Materials, King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals (KFUPM), Dhahran, 31261, Saudi Arabia; Department of Mechanical Engineering, King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals(KFUPM), Dhahran, 31261, Saudi Arabia
| | - S Saravanan
- Department of Bioengineering, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran, 31261, Saudi Arabia
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Karagadde S, Lee PD, Cai B, Fife JL, Azeem MA, Kareh KM, Puncreobutr C, Tsivoulas D, Connolley T, Atwood RC. Transgranular liquation cracking of grains in the semi-solid state. Nat Commun 2015; 6:8300. [PMID: 26353994 PMCID: PMC4579839 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms9300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2014] [Accepted: 08/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Grain refinement via semi-solid deformation is desired to obtain superior mechanical properties of cast components. Using quantitative in situ synchrotron X-ray tomographic microscopy, we show an additional mechanism for the reduction of grain size, via liquation assisted transgranular cracking of semi-solid globular microstructures. Here we perform localized indentation of Al-15wt.%Cu globular microstructures, with an average grain size of ∼480 μm, at 555 °C (74% solid fraction). Although transgranular fracture has been observed in brittle materials, our results show transgranular fracture can also occur in metallic alloys in semi-solid state. This transgranular liquation cracking (TLC) occurs at very low contact stresses (between 1.1 and 38 MPa). With increasing strain, TLC continues to refine the size of the microstructure until the grain distribution reaches log-normal packing. The results demonstrate that this refinement, previously attributed to fragmentation of secondary arms by melt-shearing, is also controlled by an additional TLC mechanism. To obtain superior mechanical properties of cast components, grain refinement via semi-solid deformation is desirable. Here, the authors use in situ X-ray tomography to study the response of an alloy to indentation, and present a new mechanism of transgranular liquation cracking.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Karagadde
- Manchester X-ray Imaging Facility, School of Materials, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK.,Research Complex at Harwell, Harwell Science &Innovation Campus, Didcot OX11 0FA, UK
| | - P D Lee
- Manchester X-ray Imaging Facility, School of Materials, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK.,Research Complex at Harwell, Harwell Science &Innovation Campus, Didcot OX11 0FA, UK
| | - B Cai
- Manchester X-ray Imaging Facility, School of Materials, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK.,Research Complex at Harwell, Harwell Science &Innovation Campus, Didcot OX11 0FA, UK
| | - J L Fife
- Swiss Light Source, Paul Scherrer Institut, Villigen PSI 5232, Switzerland
| | - M A Azeem
- Manchester X-ray Imaging Facility, School of Materials, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK.,Research Complex at Harwell, Harwell Science &Innovation Campus, Didcot OX11 0FA, UK
| | - K M Kareh
- Department of Materials, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - C Puncreobutr
- Department of Metallurgical Engineering, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - D Tsivoulas
- Manchester X-ray Imaging Facility, School of Materials, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | - T Connolley
- Diamond Light Source Ltd, Harwell Science &Innovation Campus, Didcot OX11 0DE, UK
| | - R C Atwood
- Diamond Light Source Ltd, Harwell Science &Innovation Campus, Didcot OX11 0DE, UK
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Azeem MA, Arifa S, Erum A, Saify ZS. Cardiac and intestinal contractions under the influence of triturated drug dilutions. Pak J Pharm Sci 1999; 12:15-20. [PMID: 16414822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Triturated dilutions of acetylcholine and adrenaline are found to produce reverse effects than their parent one on the mechanical performance of mammalian heart and intestine in vitro. However, there is a variation in the magnitude of reverse response observed for both the tissues. It is concluded that variation in the effect of triturated dilutions is probably due to handling and shaking of the diluted drug before use in experiments. In addition, no relation exists between degree of dilution and the magnitude of response for both the tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Azeem
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Karachi
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Azeem MA, Irfan T, Fehmeena S, Arifa S, Najamuddin F, Shaikh HA. Effect of short term immobilization on mechanical characteristics of skeletal muscle in uromastix. Pak J Pharm Sci 1993; 6:9-17. [PMID: 16414734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Gastrocnemius muscles of Uromastix were used to observe the effects of short term (7 days) immobilization in flexed position. Results demonstrated significantly (P < 0.01) lesser magnitude as well as rate of rise in isometric twitch and tetanic tensions with insignificantly different twitch/tetanus ratio in the immobilized muscles. Both the twitch and tetanus also demonstrated significantly (P<0.01) higher twitch half relaxation and twitch/tetanus half relaxation time ratio. While, immobilized muscles showed insignificantly higher twitch contraction, tetanus half relaxation and duration of active state as well as peak twitch duration, than control ones. These changes in the mechanical contraction parameters were not found to be associated with changes in weight, resting, stretched and shortened length of the immobilized muscles. A comparison of present results with previous work performed on skeletal muscles of Uromastix at longer period (20 days) of immobilization has suggested that Uromastix muscles are no prone to a significant immobilization atrophy. However, decreased mechanical response after immobilization irrespective of the period of immobilization in Uromastix muscles is probably due to a depletion in various substrates involved in muscle mechanics.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Azeem
- Department of Physiology, University of Karachi, Karachi-75270, Pakistan
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Khalil M, Abanamy A, Azeem MA. The use of serum data bank in estimating the prevalence of hepatitis B carriers and delta hepatitis before the implementation of hepatitis B vaccination. Ann Saudi Med 1992; 12:417-8. [PMID: 17587012 DOI: 10.5144/0256-4947.1992.417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- M Khalil
- Suleimania Children's Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Shaikh KN, Azeem MA, Shaikh HA. Effect of temperature on the maximum rate of rise of tension in denervated rat diaphragm muscle. Pak J Pharm Sci 1989; 2:91-103. [PMID: 16414651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Effects of chronic denervation and temperature were studied on the maximum rate of rise of tension in isometric twitch and tetanus of rat diaphragm muscles. The muscles were denervated for 15-20 days and the maximum rate of rise of tension was measured according to Hill (1951). The results showed that the maximum rate of rise of tension in twitch and tetanus was temperature dependent, exponentially increasing with increasing temperatures in both the normal and denervated muscles. A further observation was that the maximum rate of rise of tension in denervated muscle was always smaller than normal controls. It is suggested that probable changes in the series elasticity and duration of active state in the denervated muscle are responsible for the observed changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- K N Shaikh
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Karachi, Karachi-75270, Pakistan
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Shaikh KN, Azeem MA, Shaikh HA. Effect of hypothermia on the twitch and tetanic contractions of denervated rat diaphragm muscle under isotonic conditions. Pak J Pharm Sci 1988; 1:123-30. [PMID: 16414627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Effect of hypothermia was studied on the twitch and tetanic contractions of the chronically denervated rat diaphragm muscles under isotonic conditions. The muscles were denervated for 15-20 days and the temperature was lowered from 35 degrees C to 15 degrees C. The results showed that hypothermia and chronic denervation had very little effect on the isotonic contraction parameters since these were found to be unaltered at all temperatures except at 15 degrees C. It is suggested that denervation has no significant effect on the contractile component of our experimental muscles.
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Affiliation(s)
- K N Shaikh
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Karachi, Karachi-75270, Pakistan
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