1
|
Roy T, Debnath I, Mahata K. Synthesis, optical properties and cation mediated tuning of reduction potentials of core-annulated naphthalene diimide derivatives. Org Chem Front 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2qo00399f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Napthalene diimides (NDIs) are attractive candidates for electrical energy storage owing to the stabilisation of complexes between eletrogenerated dianions and cations. However, stability of such complexes are often compromised due...
Collapse
|
2
|
Wu X, Hou Q, Huang J, Chai J, Zhang F. Exploring the OH-initiated reactions of styrene in the atmosphere and the role of van der Waals complex. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 282:131004. [PMID: 34082313 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.131004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Revised: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Reacting with OH provides a major sink for styrene in the atmosphere, with three possible pathways including OH-addition, H-abstraction and addition-dissociation reactions. However, the total rate coefficients of styrene + OH were measured as 1.2-6.2 × 10-11 cm3 molecule-1 s-1 under atmospheric conditions, varying by a maximum factor of 5. On the other hand, only one theoretical work reported this rate coefficient as 19.1 × 10-11 cm3 molecule-1 s-1, which exhibits up to 16 times that measured in laboratory studies. In the present study, the reaction kinetics of styrene + OH was extensively studied with high-level quantum chemical methods combined with RRKM/master equation simulations. In particular, we carried out theoretical treatments for the formation of pre-reaction Van der Waals complexes of styrene + OH, and examined their influence on the reaction kinetics. The total rate coefficient for styrene + OH is calculated to be 1.7 × 10-11 cm3 molecule-1 s-1 at 300 K, 1 atm. The main products are addβ (88.2%), add5 (6.9%), addα (1.9%) and add3 (1.7%). Using our computed rate coefficient and the global atmospheric hydroxyl radical concentration (2 × 106 radicals per cm3), the lifetime of styrene in the atmosphere is estimated at 8.0 h. The degradation of styrene might be negligible for the formation of ozone in the atmosphere based upon the photochemical ozone creation potentials calculation. The computed product yields indicate that addβ via subsequent reactions could significantly produce formaldehyde and benzaldehyde that were observed in previous experimental studies on styrene oxidation, and contribute to the formation of secondary organic aerosols.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqing Wu
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, PR China; National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230029, PR China
| | - Qifeng Hou
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, PR China
| | - Jiabin Huang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, PR China
| | - Jiajue Chai
- Institute at Brown for Environment and Society, And Department of Earth, Environmental and Planetary Sciences, Brown University, 182 Hope St., Providence, RI, 02912, USA
| | - Feng Zhang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Zeng L, Huang L, Wang Z, Wei J, Huang K, Lin W, Duan C, Han G. Self‐Assembled Metal–Organic Framework Stabilized Organic Cocrystals for Biological Phototherapy. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202108076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Le Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals Dalian University of Technology Dalian 116024 China
| | - Ling Huang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology University of Massachusetts Medical School Worcester MA 01605 USA
| | - Zhonghe Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals Dalian University of Technology Dalian 116024 China
| | - Jianwei Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals Dalian University of Technology Dalian 116024 China
| | - Kai Huang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology University of Massachusetts Medical School Worcester MA 01605 USA
| | - Wenhai Lin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology University of Massachusetts Medical School Worcester MA 01605 USA
| | - Chunying Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals Dalian University of Technology Dalian 116024 China
| | - Gang Han
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology University of Massachusetts Medical School Worcester MA 01605 USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Zeng L, Huang L, Wang Z, Wei J, Huang K, Lin W, Duan C, Han G. Self-Assembled Metal-Organic Framework Stabilized Organic Cocrystals for Biological Phototherapy. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:23569-23573. [PMID: 34347334 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202108076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Revised: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Organic self-assembled co-crystals have garnered considerable attention due to their facile synthesis and intriguing properties, but supramolecular interactions restrict their stability in aqueous solution, which is especially important for biological applications. Herein, we report on the first biological application of aqueous dispersible self-assembled organic co-crystals via the construction of metal-organic framework (MOF) -stabilized co-crystals. In particular, we built an electron-deficient MOF with naphthalene diimide (NDI) as the ligand and biocompatible Ca2+ as the metal nodes. An electron donor molecule, pyrene, was encapsulated to form the host-guest MOF self-assembled co-crystal. We observed that such MOF structure leads to uniquely high-density ordered arrangement and the close intermolecular distance (3.47 Å) of the charge transfer pairs. Hence, the concomitant superior charge transfer interaction between pyrene/NDI can be attained and the resultant photothermal conversion efficiency of Py@Ca-NDI in aqueous solution can thus reach up to 41.8 %, which, to the best of our knowledge, is the highest value among the reported organic co-crystal materials; it is also much higher than that of the FDA approved photothermal agent ICG as well as most of the reported MOFs. Based on this realization, as a proof of concept, we demonstrated that such a self-assembled organic co-crystal platform can be used in biological applications that are exemplified via highly effective long wavelength light photothermal therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Le Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China
| | - Ling Huang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
| | - Zhonghe Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China
| | - Jianwei Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China
| | - Kai Huang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
| | - Wenhai Lin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
| | - Chunying Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China
| | - Gang Han
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Ou JT, Yang TK, Lin HY, Hsu HY, Chen TJ, Ou YS, Chen J, Wang CY, Sun B, Wang CL. Composition-Driven Structural Modulation and Guest-Induced Nanotemplate Effects of the Host–Guest Complexes Made by a Unimolecular Q-Clip. Macromolecules 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.1c00947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jou-Tsen Ou
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University (National Chiao Tung University), 1001 University Road, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
| | - Tsung-Kai Yang
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University (National Chiao Tung University), 1001 University Road, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
| | - Heng-Yi Lin
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University (National Chiao Tung University), 1001 University Road, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
| | - Hong-Yu Hsu
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University (National Chiao Tung University), 1001 University Road, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Jung Chen
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University (National Chiao Tung University), 1001 University Road, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Sheng Ou
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University (National Chiao Tung University), 1001 University Road, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
| | - Jia Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, P. R. China
| | - Cheng-Yu Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University (National Chiao Tung University), 1001 University Road, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
| | - Bin Sun
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, P. R. China
| | - Chien-Lung Wang
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University (National Chiao Tung University), 1001 University Road, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Yang HR, Chen YY, Sun HS, Tung SH, Huang SL, Huang PC, Lee JJ, Lai YY. Strengthening the Intrachain Interconnection of Polymers by the Naphthalene Diimide–Pyrene Complementary Interactions. Macromolecules 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.1c00308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hau-Ren Yang
- Institute of Polymer Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Yu Chen
- Institute of Polymer Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Han-Sheng Sun
- Institute of Polymer Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Huang Tung
- Institute of Polymer Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Shou-Ling Huang
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Po-Chia Huang
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, Hsinchu 30076, Taiwan
| | - Jey-Jau Lee
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, Hsinchu 30076, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ying Lai
- Institute of Polymer Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Cedeno RM, Cedeno R, Gapol MA, Lerdwiriyanupap T, Impeng S, Flood A, Bureekaew S. Bandgap Modulation in Zr-Based Metal-Organic Frameworks by Mixed-Linker Approach. Inorg Chem 2021; 60:8908-8916. [PMID: 34109787 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c00792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have been a promising material for many applications, e.g., photocatalysis, luminescence-based sensing, optoelectronics, and electrochemical devices, due to their tunable electronic properties through linker functionalization. In this work, we investigate the effect of mixed organic linkers on the bandgap modulation of polymorphic zirconium-based MOFs, UiO-66 and MIL-140A using density functional theory (DFT) calculations. We show that the electronic properties of both MOFs are in contrast to Vegard's law for semiconductors, that is, mixed-linker systems exhibit bandgaps not intermediate within the range of single-linker systems. Calculations of the total and partial density of states revealed the formation of mid-gap states in mixed-linker MOFs, causing the bandgap reduction. Interestingly, although both MOFs have similar composition, the effect is more significant in MIL-140A than in UiO-66. This is due to the presence of π-π stacking interactions in MIL-140A, which does not occur in UiO-66. The simulation results reveal a direct relationship between the strength of π-π interactions and the bandgap. This illustrates that distinct structural features, particularly the orientation of organic linkers can give rise to different consequences in bandgap modulation. Moreover, this computational work highlights the possibility to engineer the electronic properties of MOFs through a mixed-linker approach.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rushie Mae Cedeno
- Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of Southern Philippines, Claro M. Recto Avenue, Cagayan de Oro City 9000, Philippines.,Institute for Material Science and Nanotechnology, University of Science and Technology of Southern Philippines, Claro M. Recto Avenue, Cagayan de Oro City 9000, Philippines
| | - Ruel Cedeno
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, School of Energy Science and Engineering, Vidyasirimedhi Institute of Science and Technology, Rayong 21210, Thailand.,Institute for Material Science and Nanotechnology, University of Science and Technology of Southern Philippines, Claro M. Recto Avenue, Cagayan de Oro City 9000, Philippines
| | - Maebienne Anjelica Gapol
- Institute for Material Science and Nanotechnology, University of Science and Technology of Southern Philippines, Claro M. Recto Avenue, Cagayan de Oro City 9000, Philippines
| | - Tharit Lerdwiriyanupap
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, School of Molecular Science and Engineering, Vidyasirimedhi Institute of Science and Technology, Rayong 21210, Thailand
| | - Sarawoot Impeng
- National Nanotechnology Center (NANOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), 111 Thailand Science Park, Pahonyothin Road, Klong Luang, Pathumthani 12120, Thailand
| | - Adrian Flood
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, School of Energy Science and Engineering, Vidyasirimedhi Institute of Science and Technology, Rayong 21210, Thailand
| | - Sareeya Bureekaew
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, School of Energy Science and Engineering, Vidyasirimedhi Institute of Science and Technology, Rayong 21210, Thailand
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Deepthi K, R B AR, Prasad VS, Gowd EB. Co-assembly of functionalized donor-acceptor molecules within block copolymer microdomains via the supramolecular assembly approach with an improved charge carrier mobility. SOFT MATTER 2020; 16:7312-7322. [PMID: 32672783 DOI: 10.1039/d0sm00894j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Here, we demonstrate the three-component self-assembly of functionalized small molecules (donor and acceptor) and a polystyrene-block-poly(4-vinylpyridine) (PS-b-P4VP) block copolymer using the supramolecular approach. The introduction of functional groups on both the donor (1-pyrenebutyric acid, PBA) and acceptor (functionalized naphthalene diimide, FNDI) molecules can form stable charge-transfer (CT) complexes within the block copolymer domains and these supramolecules exhibited a charge carrier mobility of around 1.01 × 10-4 cm2 (V s)-1. In this case, both the molecules can form H-bonding with P4VP chains, and as well as π-π stacking between the PBA and FNDI molecules is also possible within the block copolymer domains. These noncovalent interactions lead to the formation of stable hierarchical structures and CT complexes between PBA and FNDI, where bilayer donor-acceptor (D-A) stacks formed within the block copolymer microdomains. Overall, the organization of both functionalized donor and acceptor molecules within the block copolymer domain exhibits an enhanced charge carrier mobility, which is potentially useful in the fabrication of organic photovoltaic cells and organic light-emitting diodes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Krishnan Deepthi
- Materials Science and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, Trivandrum 695 019, Kerala, India.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Amino Acid Residues Vary the Self‐Assembly and Photophysical Properties of Diphenylamine‐Cyanostilbene‐Capped Amphiphiles. CHEMPHOTOCHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/cptc.201900279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
|
10
|
Lee SH, Oh BM, Hong CY, Jung SK, Park SH, Jeon GG, Kwon YW, Jang S, Lee Y, Kim D, Kim JH, Kwon OP. Gas-Induced Ion-Free Stable Radical Anion Formation of Organic Semiconducting Solids as Highly Gas-Selective Probes. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:35904-35913. [PMID: 31545029 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b12222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The formation of stabilized radical anions on organic materials in the solid state is an important issue in radical-based fundamental research and various applications. Herein, for the first time, we report on gas-induced ion-free stable radical anion formation (SRAF) of organic semiconducting solids with high gas selectivities through the use of organic field-effect transistor (OFET) gas sensors and electron spin resonance spectroscopy. In contrast to the previously reported SRAF, which requires either anionic analytes in solution and/or cationic substituents on π-electron-deficient aromatic cores, NDI-EWGs consist of an n-type semiconducting naphthalene diimide (NDI) and various electron-withdrawing groups (EWGs) that exhibit non-ion-involved, gas-selective SRAF in the solid state. In the presence of hard Lewis base gases, NDI-EWG-based OFETs exhibit enhanced conductivity (Current-ON mode) through the formation of an SRAF NDI/gas complex, while in the presence of borderline and soft Lewis base gases, NDI-EWG-based OFETs show decreased conductivity (Current-OFF mode) by the formation of a resistive NDI/gas complex. Organic semiconducting solids with EWGs exhibiting highly gas-selective solid-SRAF constitute a very promising platform for radical-based chemistry and can be used in various applications, such as highly gas-selective probes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Seung-Heon Lee
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology , Ajou University , Suwon 443-749 , Korea
| | - Byeong M Oh
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology , Ajou University , Suwon 443-749 , Korea
| | - Chan Yoo Hong
- Department of Chemistry , Kyonggi University , San 94-6, Iui-dong , Yeongtong-gu, Suwon-si , Gyeonggi 443-760 , Korea
| | - Su-Kyo Jung
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology , Ajou University , Suwon 443-749 , Korea
| | - Sung-Ha Park
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology , Ajou University , Suwon 443-749 , Korea
| | - Gyeong G Jeon
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology , Ajou University , Suwon 443-749 , Korea
| | - Young-Wan Kwon
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology , Korea University , Seoul 136-701 , Korea
| | - Seokhoon Jang
- Department of Energy Science & Engineering , DGIST , 333, Techno Jungang Daero , Hyeonpung-Myeon, Dalseong-Gun, Daegu 42988 , Korea
| | - Youngu Lee
- Department of Energy Science & Engineering , DGIST , 333, Techno Jungang Daero , Hyeonpung-Myeon, Dalseong-Gun, Daegu 42988 , Korea
| | - Dongwook Kim
- Department of Chemistry , Kyonggi University , San 94-6, Iui-dong , Yeongtong-gu, Suwon-si , Gyeonggi 443-760 , Korea
| | - Jong H Kim
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology , Ajou University , Suwon 443-749 , Korea
| | - O-Pil Kwon
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology , Ajou University , Suwon 443-749 , Korea
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Pramanik B, Ahmed S, Singha N, Das BK, Dowari P, Das D. Unorthodox Combination of Cation-π and Charge-Transfer Interactions within a Donor-Acceptor Pair. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2019; 35:478-488. [PMID: 30561205 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.8b03820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Cation-π and charge-transfer (CT) interactions are ubiquitous in nature and involved in several biological processes. Although the origin of both the interactions in isolated pairs has extensively been studied, CT interactions are more prominent in supramolecular chemistry. Involvement of cation-π interactions in the preparation of advanced functional soft materials is uncommon. Moreover, a combination of these two interactions within a pair of electron donor (D) and acceptor (A) is uncharted. Here, we present a rational design to incorporate a combination of these two interactions within a D-A pair. A pyrene-peptide conjugate exhibits a combination of cation-π and CT interactions with a cationic naphthalenediimide (NDI) molecule in water. Nuclear Overhauser effect spectroscopy NMR along with other techniques and density functional theory calculations reveal the involvement of these interactions. The π-planes of pyrene and NDI adopt an angle of 56° to satisfy both the interactions, whereas β-sheet formation by the peptide sequence facilitates self-assembly. Notably, the binary system forms a self-supporting hydrogel at a higher concentration. The hydrogel shows efficient self-healing and injectable property. The hydrogel retains its thixotropic nature even at an elevated temperature. Broadly, we demonstrate a pathway that should prove pertinent to various areas, ranging from understanding biological assembly to peptide-based functional soft materials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bapan Pramanik
- Department of Chemistry , Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati , Assam 781039 , India
| | - Sahnawaz Ahmed
- Department of Chemistry , Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati , Assam 781039 , India
| | - Nilotpal Singha
- Department of Chemistry , Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati , Assam 781039 , India
| | - Basab Kanti Das
- Department of Chemistry , Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati , Assam 781039 , India
| | - Payel Dowari
- Department of Chemistry , Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati , Assam 781039 , India
| | - Debapratim Das
- Department of Chemistry , Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati , Assam 781039 , India
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Jeevan AK, Gopidas KR. Hierarchical Self‐Assembly of Pyrene‐Linked Cyclodextrin and Adamantane‐Linked Naphthalene Diimide System: A Case of Inclusion‐Binding‐Assisted Charge‐Transfer Interaction. ChemistrySelect 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201803166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Athira Kanakkattussery Jeevan
- Photosciences and Photonics SectionChemical Sciences and Technology DivisionCSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology Trivandrum 695 019 India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) New Delhi 110001 India
| | - Karical Raman Gopidas
- Photosciences and Photonics SectionChemical Sciences and Technology DivisionCSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology Trivandrum 695 019 India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) New Delhi 110001 India
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Wu Y, Bobbitt NS, Logsdon JL, Powers‐Riggs NE, Nelson JN, Liu X, Wang TC, Snurr RQ, Hupp JT, Farha OK, Hersam MC, Wasielewski MR. Tunable Crystallinity and Charge Transfer in Two‐Dimensional G‐Quadruplex Organic Frameworks. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201800230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yi‐Lin Wu
- Department of Chemistry Argonne-Northwestern Solar Energy Research (ANSER) Center, and Institute for Sustainability and Energy at Northwestern Northwestern University Evanston IL USA
| | - N. Scott Bobbitt
- Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering Northwestern University Evanston IL USA
| | - Jenna L. Logsdon
- Department of Chemistry Argonne-Northwestern Solar Energy Research (ANSER) Center, and Institute for Sustainability and Energy at Northwestern Northwestern University Evanston IL USA
| | - Natalia E. Powers‐Riggs
- Department of Chemistry Argonne-Northwestern Solar Energy Research (ANSER) Center, and Institute for Sustainability and Energy at Northwestern Northwestern University Evanston IL USA
| | - Jordan N. Nelson
- Department of Chemistry Argonne-Northwestern Solar Energy Research (ANSER) Center, and Institute for Sustainability and Energy at Northwestern Northwestern University Evanston IL USA
| | - Xiaolong Liu
- Applied Physics Graduate Program Northwestern University Evanston IL USA
| | - Timothy C. Wang
- Department of Chemistry Argonne-Northwestern Solar Energy Research (ANSER) Center, and Institute for Sustainability and Energy at Northwestern Northwestern University Evanston IL USA
| | - Randall Q. Snurr
- Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering Northwestern University Evanston IL USA
| | - Joseph T. Hupp
- Department of Chemistry Argonne-Northwestern Solar Energy Research (ANSER) Center, and Institute for Sustainability and Energy at Northwestern Northwestern University Evanston IL USA
| | - Omar K. Farha
- Department of Chemistry Argonne-Northwestern Solar Energy Research (ANSER) Center, and Institute for Sustainability and Energy at Northwestern Northwestern University Evanston IL USA
- Department of Chemistry King Abdulaziz University Jeddah Saudi Arabia
| | - Mark C. Hersam
- Department of Chemistry Argonne-Northwestern Solar Energy Research (ANSER) Center, and Institute for Sustainability and Energy at Northwestern Northwestern University Evanston IL USA
- Applied Physics Graduate Program Northwestern University Evanston IL USA
| | - Michael R. Wasielewski
- Department of Chemistry Argonne-Northwestern Solar Energy Research (ANSER) Center, and Institute for Sustainability and Energy at Northwestern Northwestern University Evanston IL USA
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Wu Y, Bobbitt NS, Logsdon JL, Powers‐Riggs NE, Nelson JN, Liu X, Wang TC, Snurr RQ, Hupp JT, Farha OK, Hersam MC, Wasielewski MR. Tunable Crystallinity and Charge Transfer in Two‐Dimensional G‐Quadruplex Organic Frameworks. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:3985-3989. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201800230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yi‐Lin Wu
- Department of Chemistry Argonne-Northwestern Solar Energy Research (ANSER) Center, and Institute for Sustainability and Energy at Northwestern Northwestern University Evanston IL USA
| | - N. Scott Bobbitt
- Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering Northwestern University Evanston IL USA
| | - Jenna L. Logsdon
- Department of Chemistry Argonne-Northwestern Solar Energy Research (ANSER) Center, and Institute for Sustainability and Energy at Northwestern Northwestern University Evanston IL USA
| | - Natalia E. Powers‐Riggs
- Department of Chemistry Argonne-Northwestern Solar Energy Research (ANSER) Center, and Institute for Sustainability and Energy at Northwestern Northwestern University Evanston IL USA
| | - Jordan N. Nelson
- Department of Chemistry Argonne-Northwestern Solar Energy Research (ANSER) Center, and Institute for Sustainability and Energy at Northwestern Northwestern University Evanston IL USA
| | - Xiaolong Liu
- Applied Physics Graduate Program Northwestern University Evanston IL USA
| | - Timothy C. Wang
- Department of Chemistry Argonne-Northwestern Solar Energy Research (ANSER) Center, and Institute for Sustainability and Energy at Northwestern Northwestern University Evanston IL USA
| | - Randall Q. Snurr
- Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering Northwestern University Evanston IL USA
| | - Joseph T. Hupp
- Department of Chemistry Argonne-Northwestern Solar Energy Research (ANSER) Center, and Institute for Sustainability and Energy at Northwestern Northwestern University Evanston IL USA
| | - Omar K. Farha
- Department of Chemistry Argonne-Northwestern Solar Energy Research (ANSER) Center, and Institute for Sustainability and Energy at Northwestern Northwestern University Evanston IL USA
- Department of Chemistry King Abdulaziz University Jeddah Saudi Arabia
| | - Mark C. Hersam
- Department of Chemistry Argonne-Northwestern Solar Energy Research (ANSER) Center, and Institute for Sustainability and Energy at Northwestern Northwestern University Evanston IL USA
- Applied Physics Graduate Program Northwestern University Evanston IL USA
| | - Michael R. Wasielewski
- Department of Chemistry Argonne-Northwestern Solar Energy Research (ANSER) Center, and Institute for Sustainability and Energy at Northwestern Northwestern University Evanston IL USA
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Bartocci S, Berrocal JA, Guarracino P, Grillaud M, Franco L, Mba M. Peptide-Driven Charge-Transfer Organogels Built from Synergetic Hydrogen Bonding and Pyrene-Naphthalenediimide Donor-Acceptor Interactions. Chemistry 2018; 24:2920-2928. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201704487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Bartocci
- Department of Chemical Sciences; University of Padua; via Marzolo 1 35131 Padua Italy
| | - José Augusto Berrocal
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems; Eindhoven University of Technology; P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven The Netherlands
| | - Paola Guarracino
- Department of Chemical Sciences; University of Padua; via Marzolo 1 35131 Padua Italy
| | - Maxime Grillaud
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems; Eindhoven University of Technology; P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven The Netherlands
| | - Lorenzo Franco
- Department of Chemical Sciences; University of Padua; via Marzolo 1 35131 Padua Italy
| | - Miriam Mba
- Department of Chemical Sciences; University of Padua; via Marzolo 1 35131 Padua Italy
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Zhao Y, Li Z, Liu J, Hu C, Zhang H, Qin B, Wu Y. Intermolecular vibrational modes and H-bond interactions in crystalline urea investigated by terahertz spectroscopy and theoretical calculation. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2018; 189:528-534. [PMID: 28866409 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2017.08.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2017] [Revised: 08/01/2017] [Accepted: 08/13/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The characteristic absorption spectra of crystalline urea in 0.6-1.8 THz region have been measured by terahertz time-domain spectroscopy at room temperature experimentally. Five broad absorption peaks were observed at 0.69, 1.08, 1.27, 1.47 and 1.64 THz respectively. Moreover, density functional theory (DFT) calculation has been performed for the isolated urea molecule, and there is no infrared intensity in the region below 1.8 THz. This means that single molecule calculations are failure to predict the experimental spectra of urea crystals. To simulate these spectra, calculations on a cluster of seven urea molecules using M06-2X and B3LYP-D3 are performed, and we found that M06-2X perform better. The observed THz vibrational modes are assigned to bending and torsional modes related to the intermolecular H-bond interactions with the help of potential energy distribution (PED) method. Using the reduced-density-gradient (RDG) analysis, the positions and types of intermolecular H-bond interactions in urea crystals are visualized. Therefore, we can confirm that terahertz spectroscopy can be used as an effective means to detect intermolecular H-bond interactions in molecular crystals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yonghong Zhao
- School of Mechano-Electronic Engineering, Xidian University, Xi'an, Shanxi 710126,China; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Automatic Detecting Technology and Instruments, School of Electronic Engineering and Automation, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin, Guangxi 541004, China
| | - Zhi Li
- School of Mechano-Electronic Engineering, Xidian University, Xi'an, Shanxi 710126,China; Guilin University Of Aerospace Technology, Guilin, Guangxi 541004, China.
| | - Jianjun Liu
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Automatic Detecting Technology and Instruments, School of Electronic Engineering and Automation, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin, Guangxi 541004, China; School of Electronic Information Engineering, Yangtze Nomal University, Chongqing 408100, China
| | - Cong Hu
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Automatic Detecting Technology and Instruments, School of Electronic Engineering and Automation, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin, Guangxi 541004, China
| | - Huo Zhang
- School of Mechano-Electronic Engineering, Xidian University, Xi'an, Shanxi 710126,China
| | - Binyi Qin
- School of Mechano-Electronic Engineering, Xidian University, Xi'an, Shanxi 710126,China
| | - Yifang Wu
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Heze University, Heze, Shandong 274015, China
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Nelli SR, Chakravarthy RD, Mohiuddin M, Lin HC. The role of amino acids on supramolecular co-assembly of naphthalenediimide–pyrene based hydrogelators. RSC Adv 2018; 8:14753-14759. [PMID: 35541324 PMCID: PMC9079960 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra00929e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2018] [Accepted: 04/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
This report describes the two component self-assembly of π-capped amino acid hydrogelators (serine (S), aspartic acid (D), glutamic acid (E) or lysine (K)) prepared from pyrene (Py) based donor and naphthalenediimide (NDI) based acceptor molecules. The co-assembly can be triggered to form hydrogels by varying the pH conditions and the major driving forces behind the hydrogelation were found to be the formation of a strong charge-transfer (CT) complex and hydrogen bonding interactions at suitable pH conditions. The NDI–Py blends with matched donor/acceptor amino acid pairs undergo self-assembly under acidic pH conditions, whereas the blend (NDI–S + Py–K) with a mismatched amino acid pair forms a stable hydrogel under physiological pH conditions. UV-Vis, FTIR and rheological studies clearly indicate the formation and the stability of these CT-induced hydrogels. These hydrogels are of nanofibrous morphology with an average diameter of about 6–9 nm as evidenced by TEM analysis. In addition, this novel NDI–Py mixed component system exhibited good biocompatibility towards PC3 cells. Overall, since hydrogels based on CT-mediated two-component assemblies are very rare, our newly discovered NDI–Py hydrogels provide chemical insights into the design of a CT-induced hydrogelator and might facilitate various applications in biomedical engineering. The importance of side chains of amino acids for NDI–Py co-assembled hydrogelation is described.![]()
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Srinivasa Rao Nelli
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering
- National Chiao Tung University
- Hsinchu
- Republic of China
| | - Rajan Deepan Chakravarthy
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering
- National Chiao Tung University
- Hsinchu
- Republic of China
| | - Mohammed Mohiuddin
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering
- National Chiao Tung University
- Hsinchu
- Republic of China
| | - Hsin-Chieh Lin
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering
- National Chiao Tung University
- Hsinchu
- Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Impact of substitution and self-aggregation on photoelectric and charge transfer characteristics in JD21 analogues. Theor Chem Acc 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s00214-017-2150-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
19
|
Photophysical and computational investigation of the intermolecular interactions of pyrene with phenothiazine and promazine. Chem Phys 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphys.2016.03.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
20
|
Yeh MY, Huang CW, Chang JW, Huang YT, Lin JH, Hsu SM, Hung SC, Lin HC. A novel nanostructured supramolecular hydrogel self-assembled from tetraphenylethylene-capped dipeptides. SOFT MATTER 2016; 12:6347-6351. [PMID: 27381445 DOI: 10.1039/c6sm00755d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we report a tetraphenylethylene-diglycine (TPE-GG) hydrogelator from a systematic study of TPE-capped dipeptides with various amphiphilic properties. From a chemical design, we found that the hydrogelation of TPE-GG molecules can be utilized to generate supramolecular nanostructures with a large TPE-based nanobelt width (∼300 nm) and lateral dimension ratio (>30 fold). In addition, TPE-GG has the lowest molecular weight and minimum number of atoms compared to any TPE-capped peptide hydrogelator reported to date. This minimal self-assembled hydrogelator can fundamentally achieve the gel features compared with other TPE-capped peptides. A combined experimental and computational study indicates the π-π interactions, electrostatic interactions and hydrogen-bonding interactions are the major driving forces behind the formation of self-assembled nanobelts. This study demonstrates the importance of structure-property relationships and provides new insights into the design of supramolecular nanomaterials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mei-Yu Yeh
- Integrative Stem Cell Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40447, Taiwan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Yeh MY, Huang CT, Lai TS, Chen FY, Chu NT, Tseng DTH, Hung SC, Lin HC. Effect of Peptide Sequences on Supramolecular Interactions of Naphthaleneimide/Tripeptide Conjugates. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2016; 32:7630-8. [PMID: 27385634 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.6b01809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we reported a significant difference in the supramolecular hydrogelation of newly discovered NI-GFF (NI-Gly-l-Phe-l-Phe) and NI-FFG (NI-l-Phe-l-Phe-Gly) on the basis of their phase diagrams. With a small difference in the peptide chain between NI-GFF and NI-FFG, we observed a significant difference in their self-assembly properties; NI-GFF formed a stable gel at neutral pH, whereas NI-FFG did not, under the same conditions. From spectroscopic and computational studies, intermolecular π-π interactions and extended hydrogen bonding interactions might reinforce the intermolecular interactions of NI-GFF, which may facilitate the formation of the self-assembled nanostructures and the hydrogel. In addition, the aggregation-induced emission (AIE)-active NI-GFF reveals relatively good biocompatibility compared with that of NI-FFG for two commonly used cell lines, suggesting that it is a promising candidate for use as a supramolecular material in biomedical applications. Our results highlight the importance of tripeptide sequences in a self-assembling hydrogel system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mei-Yu Yeh
- Integrative Stem Cell Center, China Medical University Hospital , Taichung 40447, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Science, Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Science, China Medical University , Taichung 40402, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Ting Huang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Chiao Tung University , Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
| | - Tsung-Sheng Lai
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Chiao Tung University , Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
| | - Fang-Yi Chen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Chiao Tung University , Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
| | - Nien-Tzu Chu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Chiao Tung University , Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
| | - Dion Tzu-Huan Tseng
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Chiao Tung University , Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Chieh Hung
- Integrative Stem Cell Center, China Medical University Hospital , Taichung 40447, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Science, Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Science, China Medical University , Taichung 40402, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Chieh Lin
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Chiao Tung University , Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Acar N, Kınal A, Yener N, Yavaş A, Güloğlu P. A DFT and TDDFT investigation of interactions between pyrene and amino acids with cyclic side chains. COMPUT THEOR CHEM 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.comptc.2016.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
|
23
|
Maniam S, Sandanayake S, Izgorodina EI, Langford SJ. Unusual Products from Oxidation of Naphthalene Diimides. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.201600048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Subashani Maniam
- School of Chemistry Monash University Wellington Road Clayton 3800 Victoria Australia
| | - Saman Sandanayake
- School of Chemistry Monash University Wellington Road Clayton 3800 Victoria Australia
| | | | - Steven J. Langford
- School of Chemistry Monash University Wellington Road Clayton 3800 Victoria Australia
- School of Science Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan 46150 Bandar Sunway Petaling Jaya Selangor Malaysia
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Sikder A, Ghosh B, Chakraborty S, Paul A, Ghosh S. Rational Design for Complementary Donor-Acceptor Recognition Pairs Using Self-Complementary Hydrogen Bonds. Chemistry 2015; 22:1908-1913. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201504092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Amrita Sikder
- Polymer Science Unit; Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science; 2A & 2B Raja S. C. Mullick Road Kolkata- 700032 India
| | - Boyli Ghosh
- Raman Center for Atomic, Molecular and Optical Sciences; Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science; 2A & 2B Raja S. C. Mullick Road Kolkata 700032 India
| | - Saptarshi Chakraborty
- Polymer Science Unit; Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science; 2A & 2B Raja S. C. Mullick Road Kolkata- 700032 India
| | - Ankan Paul
- Raman Center for Atomic, Molecular and Optical Sciences; Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science; 2A & 2B Raja S. C. Mullick Road Kolkata 700032 India
| | - Suhrit Ghosh
- Polymer Science Unit; Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science; 2A & 2B Raja S. C. Mullick Road Kolkata- 700032 India
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Chen X, Bai FQ, Tang Y, Zhang HX. How the substituents in corannulene and sumanene derivatives alter their molecular assemblings and charge transport properties?-A theoretical study with a dimer model. J Comput Chem 2015; 37:813-24. [DOI: 10.1002/jcc.24271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2015] [Revised: 10/12/2015] [Accepted: 11/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xi Chen
- Institute of Theoretical Chemistry; Jilin University; Changchun 130023 China
| | - Fu-Quan Bai
- Institute of Theoretical Chemistry; Jilin University; Changchun 130023 China
| | - Yongan Tang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; Miami University; Oxford Ohio 45056
| | - Hong-Xing Zhang
- Institute of Theoretical Chemistry; Jilin University; Changchun 130023 China
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
A DFT and TDDFT investigation of interactions between 1-hydroxypyrene and aromatic amino acids. COMPUT THEOR CHEM 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.comptc.2015.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
27
|
Li P, Maier JM, Hwang J, Smith MD, Krause JA, Mullis BT, Strickland SMS, Shimizu KD. Solvent-induced reversible solid-state colour change of an intramolecular charge-transfer complex. Chem Commun (Camb) 2015; 51:14809-12. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cc06140g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
A dynamic intramolecular charge-transfer complex reversibly changes colours due to solvent-inclusion induced geometric changes in the donor and acceptor interaction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ping Li
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- University of South Carolina
- Columbia
- USA
| | - Josef M. Maier
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- University of South Carolina
- Columbia
- USA
| | - Jungwun Hwang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- University of South Carolina
- Columbia
- USA
| | - Mark D. Smith
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- University of South Carolina
- Columbia
- USA
| | | | - Brian T. Mullis
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- University of South Carolina
- Columbia
- USA
| | | | - Ken D. Shimizu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- University of South Carolina
- Columbia
- USA
| |
Collapse
|