1
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Tuli LB, Goettl SJ, Turner AM, Howlader AH, Hemberger P, Wnuk SF, Guo T, Mebel AM, Kaiser RI. Gas phase synthesis of the C40 nano bowl C 40H 10. Nat Commun 2023; 14:1527. [PMID: 36934084 PMCID: PMC10024697 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-37058-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Nanobowls represent vital molecular building blocks of end-capped nanotubes and fullerenes detected in combustion systems and in deep space such as toward the planetary nebula TC-1, but their fundamental formation mechanisms have remained elusive. By merging molecular beam experiments with electronic structure calculations, we reveal a complex chain of reactions initiated through the gas-phase preparation of benzocorannulene (C24H12) via ring annulation of the corannulenyl radical (C20H9•) by vinylacetylene (C4H4) as identified isomer-selectively in situ via photoionization efficiency curves and photoion mass-selected threshold photoelectron spectra. In silico studies provided compelling evidence that the benzannulation mechanism can be expanded to pentabenzocorannulene (C40H20) followed by successive cyclodehydrogenation to the C40 nanobowl (C40H10) - a fundamental building block of buckminsterfullerene (C60). This high-temperature pathway opens up isomer-selective routes to nanobowls via resonantly stabilized free-radical intermediates and ring annulation in circumstellar envelopes of carbon stars and planetary nebulae as their descendants eventually altering our insights of the complex chemistry of carbon in our Galaxy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lotefa B Tuli
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida International University, Miami, FL, 33199, USA
| | - Shane J Goettl
- Department of Chemistry, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI, 96822, USA
| | - Andrew M Turner
- Department of Chemistry, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI, 96822, USA
| | - A Hasan Howlader
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida International University, Miami, FL, 33199, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21218, USA
| | - Patrick Hemberger
- Paul Scherrer Insitute, CH-5232, Villigen PSI, Villigen, Switzerland.
| | - Stanislaw F Wnuk
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida International University, Miami, FL, 33199, USA
| | - Tianjian Guo
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Tianjin, 370001, PR China
| | - Alexander M Mebel
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida International University, Miami, FL, 33199, USA.
| | - Ralf I Kaiser
- Department of Chemistry, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI, 96822, USA.
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2
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Sumi N, Kuklin AV, Ueno H, Okada H, Ogawa T, Kawachi K, Kasama Y, Sasaki M, Avramov PV, Ågren H, Yamada Y. Direct Visualization of Nearly Free Electron States Formed by Superatom Molecular Orbitals in a Li@C 60 Monolayer. J Phys Chem Lett 2021; 12:7812-7817. [PMID: 34378392 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.1c02246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Using scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) and density functional theory (DFT) calculations, we directly determine the spatial and energetic distributions of superatom molecular orbitals (SAMOs) of an Li@C60 monolayer adsorbed on a Cu(111) surface. Utilizing a weakly bonded [Li+@C60] NTf2- (NTf2-: bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide) salt makes it possible to produce a Li@C60 monolayer with high concentration of Li@C60 molecules. Because of the very uniform adsorption geometry of Li@C60 on Cu(111), the pz-SAMO, populated above the upper hemisphere of the molecule, exhibits an isotropic and delocalized nature, with an energy that is significantly lower compared to that of C60. The isotropic overlapping of pz-SAMOs in the condensed monolayer of Li@C60 results in a laterally homogeneous STM image contributing to the formation of a free-electron-like states. These findings make an important step toward further basic research and applicative utilization of Li@C60 SAMOs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoya Sumi
- Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Artem V Kuklin
- International Research Center of Spectroscopy and Quantum Chemistry (IRC SQC), Siberian Federal University, 79 Svobodny pr., 660041 Krasnoyarsk, Russia
| | - Hiroshi Ueno
- Creative Interdisciplinary Research Division, Frontier Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8578, Japan
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8578, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Okada
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8578, Japan
- Idea International Co. Ltd., Sendai, Miyagi 980-8579, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Ogawa
- Department of Electric Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, 6-6-05 Aza-Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8579, Japan
| | | | | | - Masahiro Sasaki
- Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
- Tsukuba Research Center for Energy Material Science, Graduate School of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tennodai 1-1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan
| | - Pavel V Avramov
- Department of Chemistry, Kyungpook National University, 80 Daehakro, Bukgu, Daegu 41566, Korea
| | - Hans Ågren
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Box 516, SE-751 20 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Yoichi Yamada
- Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
- R&D Center for Innovative Material Characterization, University of Tsukuba, Tennodai 1-1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan
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3
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Yamada T, Ito N, Kawakita N, Kato HS, Munakata T. Formation and regulation of unoccupied hybridized band with image potential states at perylene/graphite interface. J Chem Phys 2019; 151:224703. [DOI: 10.1063/1.5126373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Yamada
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka 560-0043, Japan
| | - Natsumi Ito
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka 560-0043, Japan
| | - Noriaki Kawakita
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka 560-0043, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki S. Kato
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka 560-0043, Japan
| | - Toshiaki Munakata
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka 560-0043, Japan
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4
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Yamada T, Kawakita N, Okui C, Munakata T. Hybridization of an unoccupied molecular orbital with an image potential state at a lead phthalocyanine/graphite interface. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2019; 31:044004. [PMID: 30523835 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/aaf08e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The interaction of a molecular orbital with a surface state is important to understand the spatial distribution of the wave function at the molecule/substrate interface. In this study, we focus on hybridization of an unoccupied state of lead phthalocyanine (PbPc) with the image potential state (IPS) on a graphite surface. The hybridization modifies the energy-momentum dispersions of the IPS on PbPc films as observed by angle-resolved two-photon photoemission. On the PbPc 1 monolayer film, the IPS band forms a band gap and back-folding appears at the first Brillouin zone boundary due to the periodic potential by the adsorbate lattice. The modification of the dispersion is accompanied by the intensity enhancement of the IPS. We attributed the origin of the modified dispersion and intensity enhancement to a hybridization of the IPS with a molecule-derived unoccupied level. From the photon energy-dependent measurement on multilayer films, we have found the diffuse unoccupied molecular level in the vicinity of the IPS. The tail part of the IPS wave function in the substrate is enhanced by the hybridization with the unoccupied state, and thus strengthens the transition from the occupied substrate band to the hybridized IPS.
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5
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Li W, Xu X, Hu Y, Jiang Y, Yang L, Zhou X, Wang Q, Zhang G, Sun X, Tian WQ. Modulating the molecular third-order optical nonlinearity by curved surface of carbon skeleton. Mol Phys 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/00268976.2017.1380859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Weiqi Li
- Department of Physics, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China
| | - Xiaodong Xu
- Department of Physics, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China
| | - Yangyang Hu
- College of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Harbin University of Science and Technology, Harbin, China
| | - Yingjie Jiang
- College of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Harbin University of Science and Technology, Harbin, China
| | - Ling Yang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China
| | - Xin Zhou
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China
| | - Qiang Wang
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, China
| | - Guiling Zhang
- College of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Harbin University of Science and Technology, Harbin, China
| | - Xiudong Sun
- Department of Physics, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China
| | - Wei Quan Tian
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
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6
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Dolgopolova EA, Rice AM, Martin CR, Shustova NB. Photochemistry and photophysics of MOFs: steps towards MOF-based sensing enhancements. Chem Soc Rev 2018; 47:4710-4728. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cs00861a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 357] [Impact Index Per Article: 59.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
In combination with porosity and tunability, light harvesting, energy transfer, and photocatalysis, are facets crucial for engineering of MOF-based sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Allison M. Rice
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- University of South Carolina
- Columbia
- USA
| | - Corey R. Martin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- University of South Carolina
- Columbia
- USA
| | - Natalia B. Shustova
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- University of South Carolina
- Columbia
- USA
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7
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Smerieri M, Píš I, Ferrighi L, Nappini S, Lusuan A, Vattuone L, Vaghi L, Papagni A, Magnano E, Di Valentin C, Bondino F, Savio L. Synthesis of corrugated C-based nanostructures by Br-corannulene oligomerization. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 20:26161-26172. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cp04791j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The structure and electronic properties of carbon-based nanostructures obtained by metal surface assisted synthesis is highly dependent on the nature of the precursor molecule.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Igor Píš
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A
- 34149 Basovizza (TS)
- Italy
- IOM-CNR
- Laboratorio TASC
| | - Lara Ferrighi
- Dipartimento di Scienza dei Materiali
- Università di Milano-Bicocca
- 20125 Milano
- Italy
| | | | | | - Luca Vattuone
- IMEM-CNR
- UOS Genova
- 16146 Genova
- Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica
| | - Luca Vaghi
- Dipartimento di Scienza dei Materiali
- Università di Milano-Bicocca
- 20125 Milano
- Italy
| | - Antonio Papagni
- Dipartimento di Scienza dei Materiali
- Università di Milano-Bicocca
- 20125 Milano
- Italy
| | - Elena Magnano
- IOM-CNR
- Laboratorio TASC
- 34149 Basovizza (TS)
- Italy
- Department of Physics
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8
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Yamada T, Kinoshita M, Araragi K, Watanabe Y, Ueba T, Kato HS, Munakata T. Direct visualization of diffuse unoccupied molecular orbitals at a rubrene/graphite interface. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 20:17415-17422. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cp01796d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Using a combination of spectroscopic and microscopic imaging techniques, localized and delocalized unoccupied states are visualized at the molecular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Yamada
- Department of Chemistry
- Graduate School of Science
- Osaka University
- Toyonaka 560-0043
- Japan
| | - Mariko Kinoshita
- Department of Chemistry
- Graduate School of Science
- Osaka University
- Toyonaka 560-0043
- Japan
| | - Kento Araragi
- Department of Chemistry
- Graduate School of Science
- Osaka University
- Toyonaka 560-0043
- Japan
| | - Yu Watanabe
- Department of Chemistry
- Graduate School of Science
- Osaka University
- Toyonaka 560-0043
- Japan
| | - Takahiro Ueba
- Department of Chemistry
- Graduate School of Science
- Osaka University
- Toyonaka 560-0043
- Japan
| | - Hiroyuki S. Kato
- Department of Chemistry
- Graduate School of Science
- Osaka University
- Toyonaka 560-0043
- Japan
| | - Toshiaki Munakata
- Department of Chemistry
- Graduate School of Science
- Osaka University
- Toyonaka 560-0043
- Japan
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9
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Rice AM, Fellows WB, Dolgopolova EA, Greytak AB, Vannucci AK, Smith MD, Karakalos SG, Krause JA, Avdoshenko SM, Popov AA, Shustova NB. Hierarchical Corannulene-Based Materials: Energy Transfer and Solid-State Photophysics. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:4525-4529. [PMID: 28332256 PMCID: PMC5396291 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201612199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2016] [Revised: 02/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
We report the first example of a donor-acceptor corannulene-containing hybrid material with rapid ligand-to-ligand energy transfer (ET). Additionally, we provide the first time-resolved photoluminescence (PL) data for any corannulene-based compounds in the solid state. Comprehensive analysis of PL data in combination with theoretical calculations of donor-acceptor exciton coupling was employed to estimate ET rate and efficiency in the prepared material. The ligand-to-ligand ET rate calculated using two models is comparable with that observed in fullerene-containing materials, which are generally considered for molecular electronics development. Thus, the presented studies not only demonstrate the possibility of merging the intrinsic properties of π-bowls, specifically corannulene derivatives, with the versatility of crystalline hybrid scaffolds, but could also foreshadow the engineering of a novel class of hierarchical corannulene-based hybrid materials for optoelectronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison M Rice
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, 631 Sumter Street, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA
| | - W Brett Fellows
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, 631 Sumter Street, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA
| | - Ekaterina A Dolgopolova
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, 631 Sumter Street, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA
| | - Andrew B Greytak
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, 631 Sumter Street, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA
| | - Aaron K Vannucci
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, 631 Sumter Street, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA
| | - Mark D Smith
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, 631 Sumter Street, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA
| | - Stavros G Karakalos
- College of Engineering and Computing, Swearingen Engineering Center, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA
| | - Jeanette A Krause
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, 45221, USA
| | | | - Alexey A Popov
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research, 01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Natalia B Shustova
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, 631 Sumter Street, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA
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10
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Rice AM, Fellows WB, Dolgopolova EA, Greytak AB, Vannucci AK, Smith MD, Karakalos SG, Krause JA, Avdoshenko SM, Popov AA, Shustova NB. Hierarchical Corannulene‐Based Materials: Energy Transfer and Solid‐State Photophysics. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201612199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Allison M. Rice
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of South Carolina 631 Sumter Street Columbia SC 29208 USA
| | - W. Brett Fellows
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of South Carolina 631 Sumter Street Columbia SC 29208 USA
| | - Ekaterina A. Dolgopolova
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of South Carolina 631 Sumter Street Columbia SC 29208 USA
| | - Andrew B. Greytak
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of South Carolina 631 Sumter Street Columbia SC 29208 USA
| | - Aaron K. Vannucci
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of South Carolina 631 Sumter Street Columbia SC 29208 USA
| | - Mark D. Smith
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of South Carolina 631 Sumter Street Columbia SC 29208 USA
| | - Stavros G. Karakalos
- College of Engineering and Computing Swearingen Engineering Center Columbia SC 29208 USA
| | - Jeanette A. Krause
- Department of Chemistry University of Cincinnati Cincinnati OH 45221 USA
| | | | - Alexey A. Popov
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research 01069 Dresden Germany
| | - Natalia B. Shustova
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of South Carolina 631 Sumter Street Columbia SC 29208 USA
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11
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Pastukhova N, Samos LM, Zoppi L, Pavlica E, Mathew J, Bratina G, Siegel JS, Baldridge KK. Evidence of enhanced photocurrent response in corannulene films. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra08508g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Experimental optical absorption and photoconductivity spectra of thin films with GW–BSE theoretical predictions provide evidence for diffuse super atomic molecular orbitals (SAMOs) in corannulene, C20H10.
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Affiliation(s)
- N. Pastukhova
- Laboratory of Organic Matter Physics
- University of Nova Gorica
- SI-5000 Nova Gorica
- Slovenia
| | - L. Martin Samos
- Material Research Laboratory
- University of Nova Gorica
- SI-5000 Nova Gorica
- Slovenia
- CNR-IOM DEMOCRITOS
| | - L. Zoppi
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Zürich
- Zürich
- Switzerland
| | - E. Pavlica
- Laboratory of Organic Matter Physics
- University of Nova Gorica
- SI-5000 Nova Gorica
- Slovenia
| | - J. Mathew
- Laboratory of Organic Matter Physics
- University of Nova Gorica
- SI-5000 Nova Gorica
- Slovenia
| | - G. Bratina
- Laboratory of Organic Matter Physics
- University of Nova Gorica
- SI-5000 Nova Gorica
- Slovenia
| | - J. S. Siegel
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology
- Tianjin University
- Tianjin
- P. R. China
| | - K. K. Baldridge
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology
- Tianjin University
- Tianjin
- P. R. China
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12
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Bohl E, Mignolet B, Johansson JO, Remacle F, Campbell EEB. Low-lying, Rydberg states of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and cyclic alkanes. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2017; 19:24090-24099. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cp03913a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
TD-DFT calculations of low-lying, Rydberg states of a series of polycyclic hydrocarbons and cyclic alkanes are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- E. Bohl
- EaStCHEM
- School of Chemistry
- University of Edinburgh
- Edinburgh
- UK
| | - B. Mignolet
- Theoretical Physical Chemistry
- UR MolSYS
- B6c
- University of Liège
- Liège
| | - J. O. Johansson
- EaStCHEM
- School of Chemistry
- University of Edinburgh
- Edinburgh
- UK
| | - F. Remacle
- Theoretical Physical Chemistry
- UR MolSYS
- B6c
- University of Liège
- Liège
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13
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Gromov EV, Klaiman S, Cederbaum LS. Influence of caged noble-gas atom on the superatomic and valence states of C60−. Mol Phys 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/00268976.2015.1060367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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