1
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Liang B, Cai X, Xu S, Huang J, Deng H, Ren W, Chen J, Lo TWB, Chen X, Zhu Z. NaOAc-Promoted [3+1+2] Annulation of O-Pivaloyl Oximes, Aldehydes, and 2-Methylbenzothiazole Salts: Synthesis of 1-Azaphenothiazines. J Org Chem 2024. [PMID: 39233546 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.4c01590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/06/2024]
Abstract
This paper presents an efficient strategy for constructing 1-azaphenothiazines through the NaOAc-promoted [3+1+2] annulation of O-pivaloyl oximes, aldehydes, and 2-methylbenzothiazole salts. The reaction is conducted in ethanol and employs oxygen as the oxidant under catalyst-free conditions. The process is amenable to various O-pivaloyl oximes, 2-methylbenzothiazole salts, and aldehydes, affording the target products in satisfactory yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baihui Liang
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, China
| | - Xiangya Cai
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, China
| | - Shengting Xu
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, China
| | - Jie Huang
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, China
| | - Haiyin Deng
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, China
| | - Weijie Ren
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, China
| | - Jiehao Chen
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, China
| | - Tsz Woon Benedict Lo
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Xiuwen Chen
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, China
| | - Zhongzhi Zhu
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, China
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2
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Wang M, Ren HY, Pu XY, Zhang XL, Zhu HY, Wu AX, Zhao BT. Rongalite/iodine-mediated C(sp 3)-H bond oximation and thiomethylation reaction of methyl ketones using copper nitrate as the [NO] reagent: synthesis of thiohydroximic acids. Org Biomol Chem 2024. [PMID: 39222034 DOI: 10.1039/d4ob01217h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
In this work, a highly efficient rongalite/iodine-mediated oxime formation reaction for the preparation of thiohydroximic acids from methyl ketones by employing copper nitrate as the [NO] reagent has been developed. Notably, copper nitrate participated as both a catalyst and the mild oximation reagent in the transformation. This reaction is highly efficient and facile, with a broad substrate scope, especially for fused ring skeleton substrates, heterocyclic skeleton substrates, and acetyl-substituted natural products. Mechanistic studies revealed that copper nitrate might be converted into a NO2 radical or the NO2 radical dimeric forms as an ion-pair equivalent to participate in the transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Function-Oriented Porous Materials of Henan Province, Luoyang Normal University, Luoyang, Henan 471934, P. R. China.
| | - Hui-Ying Ren
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Function-Oriented Porous Materials of Henan Province, Luoyang Normal University, Luoyang, Henan 471934, P. R. China.
- College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Yu Pu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Function-Oriented Porous Materials of Henan Province, Luoyang Normal University, Luoyang, Henan 471934, P. R. China.
| | - Xiao-Lu Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Function-Oriented Porous Materials of Henan Province, Luoyang Normal University, Luoyang, Henan 471934, P. R. China.
| | - He-Ying Zhu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Function-Oriented Porous Materials of Henan Province, Luoyang Normal University, Luoyang, Henan 471934, P. R. China.
| | - An-Xin Wu
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, International Joint Research Center for Intelligent Biosensor Technology and Health, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, P.R. China
| | - Bang-Tun Zhao
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Function-Oriented Porous Materials of Henan Province, Luoyang Normal University, Luoyang, Henan 471934, P. R. China.
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3
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Bodala V, Podugu RL, Yettula K, Kadiri SK, Vidavalur S. Substituent-Oriented Synthesis of Substituted Pyridines/Pyrido[3,2-C]coumarins via Sequential Reactions of α-H and Me/Aryl Substituted Oxime Acetates and 3-Formylchromones. J Org Chem 2024. [PMID: 39196990 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.4c00899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/30/2024]
Abstract
A facile one pot sequential and highly chemoselective synthesis of substituted pyridines/pyrido[3,2-c]coumarins has been developed from oxime acetates and 3-formylchromones in the presence of FeCl2. This reaction was oriented by different substituents on the α-position (H, methyl/aryl) of oxime acetates. Mechanistic investigations suggested that substituted pyridines were formed via intramolecular aza-Michael addition followed by ring opening, while pyrido[3,2-c]coumarins were formed via intermolecular Michael addition. Besides, anti-TB activity was screened for some of the synthesized pyridines. Among the tested compounds, 3ga, 3ha, 3ja, 3ma, 3ac, 4pa, 4pb and 4sb were found to have good activity with an MIC of 12.5 μg/mL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Varaprasad Bodala
- Department of Organic Chemistry and FDW, School of Chemistry, AU College of Science and Technology, Andhra University, Visakhapatnam, India, 500003
| | - Rajitha Lakshmi Podugu
- Department of Organic Chemistry and FDW, School of Chemistry, AU College of Science and Technology, Andhra University, Visakhapatnam, India, 500003
| | - Kumari Yettula
- Department of Organic Chemistry and FDW, School of Chemistry, AU College of Science and Technology, Andhra University, Visakhapatnam, India, 500003
| | - Sunanda Kumari Kadiri
- Department of MicrobiologyAndhra University, AU College of Science and Technology, Andhra University, Visakhapatnam, India, 530003
| | - Siddaiah Vidavalur
- Department of Organic Chemistry and FDW, School of Chemistry, AU College of Science and Technology, Andhra University, Visakhapatnam, India, 500003
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4
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Zhang T, Feng H. Skeletal Editing of Isatins for Heterocycle Molecular Diversity. CHEM REC 2024; 24:e202400024. [PMID: 38847062 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202400024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Isatins have been widely used in the preparation of a variety of heterocyclic compounds, where the skeletal editing of isatins has shown significant advantages for the construction of diverse heterocycles. This review highlights the progress made in the last decade (2013-2023) in the skeletal editing of the isatin scaffold. A series of ring expansion reactions for the construction of quinoline skeleton, quinolone skeleton, polycyclic quinazoline skeleton, medium-sized ring skeleton, as well as a series of ring opening reactions for the generation of 2-(azoly)aniline skeleton by the cleavage of C-C bond and C-N bond are highlighted. It is hoped that this review will provide some understanding of the chemical transformations of isatins and contribute to the further realization of its molecular diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiantian Zhang
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Research Center for Druggability of Cardiovascular Noncoding RNA, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University of Engineering Science, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Huangdi Feng
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Research Center for Druggability of Cardiovascular Noncoding RNA, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University of Engineering Science, Shanghai, 201620, China
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5
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Zhou YQ, He KC, Zheng WH, Lv JF, He SM, Yu N, Yang YB, Liu LY, Jiang K, Wei Y. 1,5-Hydrogen atom transfer of α-iminyl radical cations: a new platform for relay annulation for pyridine derivatives and axially chiral heterobiaryls. Chem Sci 2024; 15:7502-7514. [PMID: 38784726 PMCID: PMC11110145 DOI: 10.1039/d4sc01858c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The exploitation of new reactive species and novel transformation modes for their synthetic applications have significantly promoted the development of synthetic organic methodology, drug discovery, and advanced functional materials. α-Iminyl radical cations, a class of distonic ions, exhibit great synthetic potential for the synthesis of valuable molecules. For their generation, radical conjugate addition to α,β-unsaturated iminium ions represents a concise yet highly challenging route, because the in situ generated species are short-lived and highly reactive and they have a high tendency to cause radical elimination (β-scission) to regenerate the more stable iminium ions. Herein, we report a new transformation mode of the α-iminyl radical cation, that is to say, 1,5-hydrogen atom transfer (1,5-HAT). Such a strategy can generate a species bearing multiple reactive sites, which serves as a platform to realize (asymmetric) relay annulations. The present iron/secondary amine synergistic catalysis causes a modular assembly of a broad spectrum of new structurally fused pyridines including axially chiral heterobiaryls, and exhibits good functional group tolerance. A series of mechanistic experiments support the α-iminyl radical cation-induced 1,5-HAT, and the formation of several radical species in the relay annulations. Various synthetic transformations of the reaction products demonstrate the usefulness of this relay annulation protocol for the synthesis of significant molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Qiang Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry of Chongqing Municipality, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University Chongqing 400715 China
| | - Kui-Cheng He
- Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry of Chongqing Municipality, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University Chongqing 400715 China
| | - Wei-Hao Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry of Chongqing Municipality, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University Chongqing 400715 China
| | - Jing-Fang Lv
- Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry of Chongqing Municipality, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University Chongqing 400715 China
| | - Shi-Mei He
- Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry of Chongqing Municipality, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University Chongqing 400715 China
| | - Ning Yu
- Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry of Chongqing Municipality, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University Chongqing 400715 China
| | - Yun-Bo Yang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry of Chongqing Municipality, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University Chongqing 400715 China
| | - Lv-Yan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry of Chongqing Municipality, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University Chongqing 400715 China
| | - Kun Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry of Chongqing Municipality, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University Chongqing 400715 China
| | - Ye Wei
- Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry of Chongqing Municipality, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University Chongqing 400715 China
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6
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Wang ZY, Zhang X, Chen WQ, Sun GD, Wang X, Tan L, Xu H, Dai HX. Palladium-Catalyzed Deuteration of Arylketone Oxime Ethers. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202319773. [PMID: 38279666 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202319773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 01/28/2024]
Abstract
We report herein the development of palladium-catalyzed deacylative deuteration of arylketone oxime ethers. This protocol features excellent functional group tolerance, heterocyclic compatibility, and high deuterium incorporation levels. Regioselective deuteration of some biologically important drugs and natural products are showcased via Friedel-Crafts acylation and subsequent deacylative deuteration. Vicinal meta-C-H bond functionalization (including fluorination, arylation, and alkylation) and para-C-H bond deuteration of electro-rich arenes are realized by using the ketone as both directing group and leaving group, which is distinct from aryl halide in conventional dehalogenative deuteration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen-Yu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Xu Zhang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, China
| | - Wen-Qing Chen
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, China
| | - Guo-Dong Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Lin Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hangzhou Institute of Advanced Study, Hangzhou, 310024, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Hui Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Hui-Xiong Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, China
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hangzhou Institute of Advanced Study, Hangzhou, 310024, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
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7
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Rani S, Aslam S, Lal K, Noreen S, Alsader KAM, Hussain R, Shirinfar B, Ahmed N. Electrochemical C-H/C-C Bond Oxygenation: A Potential Technology for Plastic Depolymerization. CHEM REC 2024; 24:e202300331. [PMID: 38063812 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202300331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Revised: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/10/2024]
Abstract
Herein, we provide eco-friendly and safely operated electrocatalytic methods for the selective oxidation directly or with water, air, light, metal catalyst or other mediators serving as the only oxygen supply. Heavy metals, stoichiometric chemical oxidants, or harsh conditions were drawbacks of earlier oxidative cleavage techniques. It has recently come to light that a crucial stage in the deconstruction of plastic waste and the utilization of biomass is the selective activation of inert C(sp3 )-C/H(sp3 ) bonds, which continues to be a significant obstacle in the chemical upcycling of resistant polyolefin waste. An appealing alternative to chemical oxidations using oxygen and catalysts is direct or indirect electrochemical conversion. An essential transition in the chemical and pharmaceutical industries is the electrochemical oxidation of C-H/C-C bonds. In this review, we discuss cutting-edge approaches to chemically recycle commercial plastics and feasible C-C/C-H bonds oxygenation routes for industrial scale-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadia Rani
- Department of Chemistry, The Women University Multan, Multan, 60000, Pakistan
| | - Samina Aslam
- Department of Chemistry, The Women University Multan, Multan, 60000, Pakistan
| | - Kiran Lal
- Department of Chemistry, The Women University Multan, Multan, 60000, Pakistan
| | - Sobia Noreen
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, 40100, Pakistan
| | | | - Riaz Hussain
- Department of Chemistry, University of Education Lahore, D.G. Khan Campus, 32200, Pakistan
| | - Bahareh Shirinfar
- West Herts College - University of Hertfordshire, Watford, WD17 3EZ, London, United Kingdom
| | - Nisar Ahmed
- School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Main Building, Park Place, Cardiff, CF10 3AT, United Kingdom
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8
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Jadhao NL, Musale HB, Gajbhiye JM, Humne VT. Copper-mediated [3 + 2] oxidative cyclization of oxime acetate and its utility in the formal synthesis of fentiazac. Org Biomol Chem 2024; 22:521-528. [PMID: 38087933 DOI: 10.1039/d3ob01882b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
A new protocol for the direct synthesis of 2-aminothiazole has been developed from oxime acetate and readily available sodium thiocyanate using a copper catalyst. The present transformation has good functional group tolerance. Various thiazoles were smoothly synthesized in good to excellent yields. The applicability of the present method has been extended to the formal synthesis of the non-steroidal and anti-inflammatory drug, fentiazac via the Sandmeyer reaction and Suzuki coupling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nitin L Jadhao
- Organic Chemistry Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Pune, 411008, India.
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Harish B Musale
- Department of Chemistry, Shri R. R. Lahoti Science College, Morshi, 444905, India.
| | - Jayant M Gajbhiye
- Organic Chemistry Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Pune, 411008, India.
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Vivek T Humne
- Department of Chemistry, Shri R. R. Lahoti Science College, Morshi, 444905, India.
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9
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Chao D, Liu TX, Zhang P, Xia S, Zhang G. Copper-Mediated Radical-Induced Ring-Opening Relay Cascade Carboannulation Reaction of [60]Fullerene with Cyclobutanone Oxime Esters: Access to [60]Fullerene-Fused Cyclopentanes. J Org Chem 2023; 88:13076-13088. [PMID: 37651613 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c01291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
An unexpected copper-mediated radical-induced ring-opening relay cascade carboannulation reaction of [60]fullerene with cyclobutanone oxime esters is presented for the preparation of various Cl-/Br-incorporated [60]fullerene-fused cyclopentanes. The unique relay cascade transformation uses inexpensive copper salts as promoters and halogen sources and features simple redox-neutral conditions and a broad substrate scope, providing a practical access to a class of novel five-membered carbocycle-fused fullerenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Chao
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, P. R. China
| | - Tong-Xin Liu
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, P. R. China
| | - Pengling Zhang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, P. R. China
| | - Shilu Xia
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, P. R. China
| | - Guisheng Zhang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, P. R. China
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10
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Yang B, Lu Y, Duan L, Ma X, Xia Y, Huang X. Palladium-Catalyzed C2-Selective Oxidative Olefination of Benzo[ b]thiophene 1,1-Dioxides with Styrenes and Acrylates. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:10100-10110. [PMID: 36969423 PMCID: PMC10034782 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c07427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Here, we disclose a novel Pd(II)-catalyzed oxidative Heck reaction of benzo[b]thiophene 1,1-dioxides with styrenes and acrylates. This transformation features broad functional group tolerance and high C2 selectivity. Furthermore, the photoluminescence properties of C-2 alkenylated products have been characterized, which illustrates the potential usefulness of our protocol in constructing π-conjugated fluorescent molecules.
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11
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Li LJ, Wang X, Xu H, Dai HX. Construction of polysubstituted pentafulvenes via palladium-catalyzed deacetylation of enones. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:3269-3272. [PMID: 36820796 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc06644k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we report an efficient synthetic method for polysubstituted pentafulvenes via palladium-catalyzed deacetylative [2+2+1] annulation of enones with alkynes. Aryl-, alkenyl-, and alkyl-substituted α,β-enones were suitable substrates, affording the pentafulvene products in moderate to good yields. This protocol shows excellent compatibility with sensitive halides, free hydroxyl groups, and heterocycles. One-pot gram-scale synthesis and further applications in the late-stage modification of natural products demonstrate the synthetic utility of this method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling-Jun Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Xing Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Hui Xu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Hui-Xiong Dai
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China. .,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.,School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hangzhou Institute of Advanced Study, Hangzhou 310024, China
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12
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Pati BV, Puthalath NN, Banjare SK, Nanda T, Ravikumar PC. Transition metal-catalyzed C-H/C-C activation and coupling with 1,3-diyne. Org Biomol Chem 2023; 21:2842-2869. [PMID: 36917476 DOI: 10.1039/d3ob00238a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/05/2023]
Abstract
This review provides a broad overview of the recent developments in the field of transition metal-catalyzed C-H/C-C bond activation and coupling with 1,3-diyne for assembling alkynylated heterocycles, bis-heterocycles, and 1,3-enynes. Transition metal-catalyzed inert bond (C-H/C-C) activation has been the focus of attention among synthetic chemists in recent times. Enormous developments have taken place in C-H/C-C bond activation chemistry in the last two decades. In recent years the use of 2π-unsaturated units as coupling partners for the synthesis of heterocycles through C-H/C-C bond activation and annulation sequence has received immense attention. Among the unsaturated units employed for assembling heterocycles, the use of 1,3-diynes has garnered significant attention due to its ability to render bis-heterocycles in a straightforward manner. The C-H bond activation and coupling with 1,3-diyne has been very much explored in recent years. However, the development of strategies for the use of 1,3-diynes in the analogous C-C bond activation chemistry is less explored. Earlier methods employed to assemble bis-heterocycle used heterocycles that were preformed and pre-functionalized via transition metal-catalyzed coupling reactions. The expensive pre-functionalized halo-heterocycles and sensitive and expensive heterocyclic metal reagents limit its broad application. However, the transition metal-catalyzed C-H activation obviates the need for expensive heterocyclic metal reagents and pre-functionalized halo-heterocycles. The C-H bond activation strategy makes use of C-H bonds as functional groups for effecting the transformation. This renders the overall synthetic sequence both step and cost economic. Hence, this strategy of C-H activation and subsequent reaction with 1,3-diyne could be used for the larger-scale synthesis of chemicals in the pharmaceutical industry. Despite these advances, there is still the possibility of exploration of earth-abundant and cost-effective first-row transition metals (Ni, Cu, Mn. Fe, etc.) for the synthesis of bis-heterocycles. Moreover, the Cp*-ligand-free, simple metal-salt-mediated synthesis of bis-heterocycles is also less explored. Thus, more exploration of reaction conditions for the Cp*-free synthesis of bis-heterocycles is called for. We hope this review will inspire scientists to investigate these unexplored domains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bedadyuti Vedvyas Pati
- School of Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER), Odisha 752050, India. .,Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai 400094, India
| | - Nitha Nahan Puthalath
- School of Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER), Odisha 752050, India. .,Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai 400094, India
| | - Shyam Kumar Banjare
- School of Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER), Odisha 752050, India. .,Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai 400094, India
| | - Tanmayee Nanda
- School of Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER), Odisha 752050, India. .,Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai 400094, India
| | - Ponneri C Ravikumar
- School of Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER), Odisha 752050, India. .,Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai 400094, India
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13
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Ghosh A, Sapkal GT, Pawar AB. Ru(II)-Catalyzed Regioselective Redox-Neutral [4 + 2] Annulation of N-Chlorobenzamides with 1,3-Diynes at Room Temperature for the Synthesis of Isoquinolones. J Org Chem 2023; 88:4704-4719. [PMID: 36893309 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c00175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/11/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we report Ru(II)-catalyzed C-H/N-H bond functionalization of N-chlorobenzamides with 1,3-diynes via regioselective (4 + 2) annulation for the synthesis of isoquinolones under redox-neutral conditions at room temperature. This represents the first example of C-H functionalization of N-chlorobenzamides using an inexpensive and commercially available [Ru(p-cymene)Cl2]2 catalyst. The reaction is operationally simple, works in the absence of any silver additives, and is also applicable to a broad range of substrates with good functional group tolerance. The synthetic utility of the isoquinolone is demonstrated for the synthesis of bis-heterocycles consisting of isoquinolone-pyrrole and isoquinolone-isocoumarin scaffolds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arijit Ghosh
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Mandi, Mandi, Himachal Pradesh 175075, India
| | - Goraksha T Sapkal
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Mandi, Mandi, Himachal Pradesh 175075, India
| | - Amit B Pawar
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Mandi, Mandi, Himachal Pradesh 175075, India
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14
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Guo Q, Lu D, Mao Y, Lu Z. Visible-light promoted intramolecular carboamination of alkynes for the synthesis of oxazolidinone-fused isoquinolinones. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:1979-1982. [PMID: 36722997 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc06542h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
An efficient method for the synthesis of isoquinolinone derivatives via photopromoted carboamination of alkynes is developed. Starting from the readily available propargyl alcohol derivatives, the polycyclic isoquinolinone derivatives could be obtained with good aryl and heterocycle tolerance. Both terminal and alkyl substituted alkynes could be employed. This protocol is operationally easy, and easily conducted on a gram-scale. A possible mechanism involving radical addition and cyclization following aromatization was proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qihang Guo
- Center of Chemistry for Frontier Technologies, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China. .,Institute of Drug Discovery and Design, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China.,ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Hangzhou, 311200, China
| | - Dongpo Lu
- Center of Chemistry for Frontier Technologies, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China.
| | - Yihui Mao
- Center of Chemistry for Frontier Technologies, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China.
| | - Zhan Lu
- Center of Chemistry for Frontier Technologies, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China. .,College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
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15
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Jiang HM, Zhao YL, Sun Q, Ouyang XH, Li JH. Recent Advances in N-O Bond Cleavage of Oximes and Hydroxylamines to Construct N-Heterocycle. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28041775. [PMID: 36838760 PMCID: PMC9964420 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28041775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Oximes and hydroxylamines are a very important class of skeletons that not only widely exist in natural products and drug molecules, but also a class of synthon, which have been widely used in industrial production. Due to weak N-O σ bonds of oximes and hydroxylamines, they can be easily transformed into other functional groups by N-O bond cleavage. Therefore, the synthesis of N-heterocycle by using oximes and hydroxylamines as nitrogen sources has attracted wide attention. Recent advances for the synthesis of N-heterocycle through transition-metal-catalyzed and radical-mediated cyclization classified by the type of nitrogen sources and rings are summarized. In this paper, the recent advances in the N-O bond cleavage of oximes and hydroxylamines are reviewed. We hope that this review provides a new perspective on this field, and also provides a reference to develop environmentally friendly and sustainable methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Min Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Persistent Pollutants Control and Resources Recycle, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang 330063, China
| | - Yi-Lin Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Persistent Pollutants Control and Resources Recycle, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang 330063, China
| | - Qing Sun
- Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Persistent Pollutants Control and Resources Recycle, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang 330063, China
| | - Xuan-Hui Ouyang
- Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Persistent Pollutants Control and Resources Recycle, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang 330063, China
- Correspondence: (X.-H.O.); (J.-H.L.)
| | - Jin-Heng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
- State Key Laboratory Base of Eco-Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China
- Correspondence: (X.-H.O.); (J.-H.L.)
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16
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Wu Y, Frank N, Song Q, Liu M, Anderson EA, Bi X. Silver catalysis in organic synthesis: A computational view. ADVANCES IN ORGANOMETALLIC CHEMISTRY 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.adomc.2022.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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17
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Suzuki M, Terada M, Nakamura I. Copper-catalyzed [1,3]-nitrogen rearrangement of O-aryl ketoximes via oxidative addition of N–O bond in inverse electron flow †. Chem Sci 2023; 14:5705-5711. [PMCID: PMC10231427 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc00874f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The [1,3]-nitrogen rearrangement reactions of O-aryl ketoximes were promoted by N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC)-copper catalysts and BF3·OEt2 as an additive, affording ortho-aminophenol derivatives in good yields. The reaction of substrates with electron-withdrawing substituents on the phenol moiety are accelerated by adding silver salt and modifying the substituent at the nitrogen atom. Density functional theory calculations suggest that the rate-determining step of this reaction is the oxidative addition of the N–O bond of the substrate to the copper catalyst. The negative ρ values of the substituent at both the oxime carbon and phenoxy group indicate that the donation of electrons by the oxygen and nitrogen atoms accelerates the oxidative addition. [1,3]-Nitrogen rearrangement reactions of O-aryl ketoximes was catalytically promoted by IPrCuBr and BF3·OEt2. The oxidative addition of the N–O bond to the Cu catalyst is accelerated by donation of electrons from both nitrogen and oxygen atoms.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Mao Suzuki
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku UniversitySendai980-8578Japan
| | - Masahiro Terada
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku UniversitySendai980-8578Japan
| | - Itaru Nakamura
- Research and Analytical Center for Giant Molecules, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku UniversitySendai980-8578Japan
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku UniversitySendai980-8578Japan
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18
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Mondal A, van Gemmeren M. Silver-Free C-H Activation: Strategic Approaches towards Realizing the Full Potential of C-H Activation in Sustainable Organic Synthesis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202210825. [PMID: 36062882 PMCID: PMC9828228 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202210825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The activation of carbon-hydrogen bonds is considered as one of the most attractive techniques in synthetic organic chemistry because it bears the potential to shorten synthetic routes as well as to produce complementary product scopes compared to traditional synthetic strategies. However, many current methods employ silver salts as additives, leading to stoichiometric metal waste and thereby preventing the full potential of C-H activation to be exploited. Therefore, the development of silver-free protocols has recently received increasing attention. Mechanistically, silver can serve various roles in C-H activation and thus, avoiding the use of silver requires different approaches based on the role it serves in a given process. In this Review, we present the comparison of silver-based and silver-free methods. Focusing on the strategic approaches to develop silver-free C-H activation, we provide the reader with the means to develop sustainable methods for C-H activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arup Mondal
- Organisch-Chemisches InstitutWestfälische Wilhelms-Universität MünsterCorrensstraße 3648149MünsterGermany
| | - Manuel van Gemmeren
- Otto-Diels-Institut für Organische ChemieChristian-Albrechts-Universität zu KielOtto-Hahn-Platz 424118KielGermany
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19
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Zhang L, Xiong W, Yao B, Liu H, Li M, Qin Y, Yu Y, Li X, Chen M, Wu W, Li J, Wang J, Jiang H. Facile synthesis of isoquinolines and isoquinoline N-oxides via a copper-catalyzed intramolecular cyclization in water. RSC Adv 2022; 12:30248-30252. [PMID: 36349148 PMCID: PMC9607880 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra06097c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023] Open
Abstract
A highly efficient method for the facile access of isoquinolines and isoquinoline N-oxides via a Cu(i)-catalyzed intramolecular cyclization of (E)-2-alkynylaryl oxime derivatives in water has been developed. This protocol was performed under simple and mild conditions without organic solvent, additives or ligands. By switching on/off a hydroxyl protecting group of oximes, the selective N-O/O-H cleavage could be triggered, delivering a series of isoquinolines and isoquinoline N-oxides, respectively, in moderate to high yields with good functional group tolerance and high atom economy. Moreover, the practicality of this method was further demonstrated by the total synthesis of moxaverine in five steps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lujun Zhang
- Institute of Chemistry Co. Ltd, Henan Academy of Sciences Zhengzhou 450000 China
| | - Wenfang Xiong
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University Dongguan 523808 China
| | - Biao Yao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology Guangzhou 510640 China
| | - Haitao Liu
- Institute of Chemistry Co. Ltd, Henan Academy of Sciences Zhengzhou 450000 China
| | - Meng Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology Guangzhou 510640 China
| | - Yu Qin
- Institute of Chemistry Co. Ltd, Henan Academy of Sciences Zhengzhou 450000 China
| | - Yujian Yu
- Institute of Chemistry Co. Ltd, Henan Academy of Sciences Zhengzhou 450000 China
| | - Xu Li
- Institute of Chemistry Co. Ltd, Henan Academy of Sciences Zhengzhou 450000 China
| | - Meng Chen
- Institute of Chemistry Co. Ltd, Henan Academy of Sciences Zhengzhou 450000 China
| | - Wanqing Wu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology Guangzhou 510640 China
| | - Jianxiao Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology Guangzhou 510640 China
| | - Jinliang Wang
- Institute of Chemistry Co. Ltd, Henan Academy of Sciences Zhengzhou 450000 China
| | - Huanfeng Jiang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology Guangzhou 510640 China
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20
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Wang X, Wang ZY, Zhang X, Xu H, Dai HX. Construction of C(sp 2)-Si Bonds via Ligand-Promoted C-C Bonds Cleavage of Unstrained Ketones. Org Lett 2022; 24:7344-7349. [PMID: 36178792 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c02841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Herein, we report an efficient palladium-catalyzed silylation of aryl and alkenyl ketones via C-C bond cleavage and C-Si bond formation. This protocol features high efficiency and broad substrate scope. Further applications in the late-stage diversification of biologically important molecules demonstrate the synthetic utility of this method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Zhen-Yu Wang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China
| | - Xu Zhang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China
| | - Hui Xu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Hui-Xiong Dai
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.,School of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China.,School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hangzhou Institute of Advanced Study, Hangzhou 310024, China
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21
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Yadav SK, Jeganmohan M. Cobalt(III)-Catalyzed Regioselective [4 + 2]-Annulation of N-Chlorobenzamides with Substituted Alkenes. J Org Chem 2022; 87:13073-13088. [PMID: 36163013 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c01588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A Co(III)-catalyzed redox-neutral [4 + 2] annulation of N-chlorobenzamides/acrylamides with substituted alkenes at ambient temperature is demonstrated. Using this protocol, pharmaceutically important 3,4-dihydroisoquinolinone derivatives were synthesized in good yields. Intriguingly, the synthetically useful functional group of allylic coupling partners such as sulfonyl, carbonate, acetate, phosphate, amide, nitrile, and silane were retained in the final cyclized product. The present annulation reaction was compatible with various substituted benzamides and allylic coupling partners. To support the proposed reaction mechanism, competition experiments, deuterium labeling studies, and kinetic isotope effect studies were performed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suresh Kumar Yadav
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Masilamani Jeganmohan
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, Tamil Nadu, India
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22
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Zhu Y, Dai R, Huang C, Zhou W, Zhang X, Yang K, Wen H, Li W, Liu J. Synthesis of Isoquinolone, 1,2-Benzothiazine, and Naphtho[1',2':4,5]imidazo[1,2- a]pyridine Derivatives via Rhodium(III)-Catalyzed (4 + 2) Annulation. J Org Chem 2022; 87:11722-11734. [PMID: 35968716 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c01376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we report a novel and efficient synthetic method to construct isoquinolone scaffold via the Rh(III)-catalyzed (4 + 2) annulation of benzamide with an unreported coupling reagent methyl 2-chloroacrylate. Accordingly, other valuable 1,2-benzothiazine and naphtho[1',2':4,5]imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine derivatives are also obtained through a similar synthetic protocol. Thus, our developed method is highlighted by high yield and reaction versatility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueyue Zhu
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Rupeng Dai
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Chaoqun Huang
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Wang Zhou
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Xiaoyuan Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Kundi Yang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Miami University, Oxford, Ohio 45056, United States
| | - Hongmei Wen
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Wei Li
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Jian Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
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23
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Cao S, Li H, Teng X, Si H, Chen R, Zhu Y. Access to Fully Substituted Dihydropyrimidines via Dual Copper/Photoredox‐Catalyzed Domino Annulation of Oxime Esters and Imines. Adv Synth Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.202200736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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24
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Kumar S, Nair AM, Volla CMR. Dual Photoredox Cobalt Catalyzed [4+1] Annulation and C-H Alkoxylation. Chem Asian J 2022; 17:e202200801. [PMID: 35939065 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202200801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Herein, we developed two distinct pyridine N-oxide directed C-H activation protocols to achieve [4+1] annulation and alkoxylation of benzamide derivatives by merging Co-catalysis with visible light photoredox catalysis. The protocols deliver the respective products in good yields under facile conditions at room temperature. The use of cheap photocatalyst coupled with molecular oxygen bypassing the need of stoichiometric oxidants forms the chief highlight of the work. The protocols are scalable and the products could be further modified. Additionally, preliminary studies were carried out to probe the reaction mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shreemoyee Kumar
- IIT Bombay: Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Department of Chemistry, INDIA
| | - Akshay M Nair
- IIT Bombay: Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Department of Chemistry, INDIA
| | - Chandra M R Volla
- IIT-Bombay, Chemistry, Lab no. 418B, 3rd FLOOR, DEPARTMENT OF CHEMISTRY, INDIAN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY BOMBAY, Lab no. 418B, 3rd FLOOR, DEPARTMENT OF CHEMISTRY, INDIAN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY BOMBAY, 400076, POWAI, MUMBAI, INDIA
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25
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Liang B, Wen T, Chen G, Cai Z, Xu J, Chen X, Zhu Z. Copper‐Catalyzed Acylhalogenation of 3‐Methylanthranils with Acid Halides: Synthesis of N‐(2‐(2‐Haloyl)phenyl)amides. Adv Synth Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.202200547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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26
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Tan Y, Jiang W, Ni P, Fu Y, Ding Q. One‐Pot Synthesis of Quinazolines via Elemental Sulfur‐Mediated Oxidative Condensation of Nitriles and 2‐(Aminomethyl)anilines. Adv Synth Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.202200537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuxing Tan
- Jiangxi Normal University Yaohu Campus CHINA
| | - Wujiu Jiang
- Jiangxi Normal University Yaohu Campus CHINA
| | | | - Yang Fu
- Jiangxi Normal University CHINA
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27
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Wodrich MD, Chang M, Gallarati S, Woźniak Ł, Cramer N, Corminboeuf C. Mapping Catalyst-Solvent Interplay in Competing Carboamination/Cyclopropanation Reactions. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202200399. [PMID: 35522013 PMCID: PMC9401068 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202200399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Group 9 metals, in particular RhIII complexes with cyclopentadienyl ligands, are competent C-H activation catalysts. Recently, a Cp*RhIII -catalyzed reaction of alkenes with N-enoxyphthalimides showed divergent outcome based on the solvent, with carboamination favored in methanol and cyclopropanation in 2,2,2-trifluoroethanol (TFE). Here, we create selectivity and activity maps capable of unravelling the catalyst-solvent interplay on the outcome of these competing reactions by analyzing 42 cyclopentadienyl metal catalysts, CpX MIII (M=Co, Rh, Ir). These maps not only can be used to rationalize previously reported experimental results, but also capably predict the behavior of untested catalyst/solvent combinations as well as aid in identifying experimental protocols that simultaneously optimize both catalytic activity and selectivity (solutions in the Pareto front). In this regard, we demonstrate how and why the experimentally employed Cp*RhIII catalyst represents an ideal choice to invoke a solvent-induced change in reactivity. Additionally, the maps reveal the degree to which even perceived minor changes in the solvent (e. g., replacing methanol with ethanol) influence the ratio of carboamination and cyclopropanation products. Overall, the selectivity and activity maps presented here provide a generalizable tool to create global pictures of anticipated reaction outcome that can be used to develop new experimental protocols spanning metal, ligand, and solvent space.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew D. Wodrich
- Laboratory for Computational Molecular DesignInstitute of Chemical Sciences and EngineeringEcole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL)1015LausanneSwitzerland
- National Centre for Competence in Research – Catalysis (NCCR-Catalysis)Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL)1015LausanneSwitzerland
| | - Miyeon Chang
- Laboratory for Computational Molecular DesignInstitute of Chemical Sciences and EngineeringEcole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL)1015LausanneSwitzerland
| | - Simone Gallarati
- Laboratory for Computational Molecular DesignInstitute of Chemical Sciences and EngineeringEcole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL)1015LausanneSwitzerland
| | - Łukasz Woźniak
- National Centre for Competence in Research – Catalysis (NCCR-Catalysis)Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL)1015LausanneSwitzerland
| | - Nicolai Cramer
- Laboratory of Asymmetric Catalysis and SynthesisInstitute of Chemical Sciences and EngineeringEcole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL)1015LausanneSwitzerland
- National Centre for Competence in Research – Catalysis (NCCR-Catalysis)Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL)1015LausanneSwitzerland
| | - Clemence Corminboeuf
- Laboratory for Computational Molecular DesignInstitute of Chemical Sciences and EngineeringEcole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL)1015LausanneSwitzerland
- National Centre for Competence in Research – Catalysis (NCCR-Catalysis)Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL)1015LausanneSwitzerland
- National Centre for Computational Design andDiscovery of Novel Materials (MARVEL)Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL)1015LausanneSwitzerland
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28
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Wang X, Li LJ, Wang ZY, Xu H, Dai HX. Homologation of aryl ketones to long-chain ketones and aldehydes via C-C bond cleavage. iScience 2022; 25:104505. [PMID: 35720269 PMCID: PMC9204744 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.104505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 10/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Transition metal-catalyzed C-C bond cleavage is a powerful tool for the reconstruction of a molecular skeleton. We report herein the multi-carbon homologation of aryl ketones to long-chain ketones and aldehydes via ligand-promoted Ar-C(O) bond cleavage and subsequent cross coupling with alkenols. Various (hetero)aryl ketones are compatible in the reaction, affording the corresponding products wtih good to excellent yields with high regioselectivity. Further applications in the late-stage diversification of biologically important molecules demonstrate the synthetic utility of this protocol. Mechanistic studies indicate that the ligand plays an important role in both C-C bond cleavage and the asymmetric migration-insertion process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Ling-Jun Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Zhen-Yu Wang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China
| | - Hui Xu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Hui-Xiong Dai
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China.,School of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China.,School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hangzhou Institute of Advanced Study, Hangzhou 310024, China
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29
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Bai J, Xu N, Wang H, Luan X. Palladium(II)-Catalyzed [2+2+1] Annulation of Alkynes and Hydroxylamines: A Rodox-Neutral Approach to Fully Substituted Pyrroles. Org Lett 2022; 24:5099-5104. [PMID: 35819925 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c01925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A palladium-catalyzed [2+2+1] annulation of alkynes and hydroxylamines has been developed for the rapid construction of fully substituted pyrroles. This transformation involves sequential nucleophilic-addition of hydroxylamine to alkyne, alkyne migratory insertion, and synergistic demetallization cyclization, which provides a redox-neutral annulation approach to pyrrole derivatives. Moreover, the strategy enabled alteration of the photophysical properties of pyrrole products by varying the aryl substituents, thus leading to the development of N-functionalized tetraarylpyrroles as new fluorophores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxing Bai
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry & Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an 710127, China
| | - Nengni Xu
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry & Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an 710127, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry & Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an 710127, China
| | - Xinjun Luan
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry & Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an 710127, China
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30
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Cao S, Yuan W, Li Y, Teng X, Si H, Chen R, Zhu Y. Photoredox/copper cocatalyzed domino cyclization of oxime esters with TMSCN: access to antifungal active tetrasubstituted pyrazines. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:7200-7203. [PMID: 35671164 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc02480b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
A photoredox/copper cocatalyzed domino cyclization of oxime esters with TMSCN has been developed. A range of structurally novel tetrasubstituted pyrazines have been obtained. This method features high bond-forming efficiency, high step economy, broad substrate scope, and gram-scale synthesis. Moreover, preliminary bioactivity evaluation of pyrazine products shows their promising antifungal activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shujun Cao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pesticide Science and Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, P. R. China.
| | - Weidong Yuan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pesticide Science and Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, P. R. China.
| | - Yun Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pesticide Science and Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, P. R. China.
| | - Xinjie Teng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pesticide Science and Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, P. R. China.
| | - Huaxing Si
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pesticide Science and Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, P. R. China.
| | - Rongshun Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pesticide Science and Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, P. R. China.
| | - Yingguang Zhu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pesticide Science and Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, P. R. China.
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31
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Yang X, Xia Y, Tong J, Ouyang L, Lai Y, Luo R, Liao J. Photoinduced radical cascade cyclization of acetylenic acid esters with oxime esters to access cyanalkylated coumarins. Org Biomol Chem 2022; 20:5239-5244. [PMID: 35723258 DOI: 10.1039/d2ob00612j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A photoinduced radical cascade cyclization of acetylenic acid esters with oxime esters is described, providing cyanalkylated coumarins in superior yields under mild conditions. Radical capture and luminescence quenching experiments showed that this transformation was accomplished via a radical addition/5-exo spirocyclization/1,2-ester migration process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Yang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, 341000, Jiangxi Province, China.
| | - Yanping Xia
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, 341000, Jiangxi Province, China.
| | - Jinghui Tong
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, 341000, Jiangxi Province, China.
| | - Lu Ouyang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, 341000, Jiangxi Province, China.
| | - Yinlong Lai
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shaoguan University, Shaoguan 512005, China
| | - Renshi Luo
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, 341000, Jiangxi Province, China. .,College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shaoguan University, Shaoguan 512005, China
| | - Jianhua Liao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, 341000, Jiangxi Province, China. .,College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shaoguan University, Shaoguan 512005, China
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32
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Yan H, Xu G, Gu M, Zhang S, Wu Q, Meng J, Zhu N, Fang Z, Duan J, Guo K. Copper-catalyzed [4+2] oxidative annulation of α,β-unsaturated ketoxime acetates with ethyl trifluoropyruvate. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:6757-6760. [PMID: 35611963 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc01573k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
A novel route for tandem C-N/C-O formation via copper-catalyzed [4+2] oxidative annulation of α,β-unsaturated ketoxime acetates with ethyl trifluoropyruvate to synthesize valuable trifluoromethyl-containing 2H-1,3-oxazines in moderate to good yields is developed. This procedure represents the first [4+2] oxidative annulation of oxime derivatives with activated CO bonds and provides an alternative route towards functionalized 2H-1,3-oxazines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Yan
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 30 Puzhu Rd S, Nanjing, 211816, China.
| | - Gaochen Xu
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 30 Puzhu Rd S, Nanjing, 211816, China.
| | - Meng Gu
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 30 Puzhu Rd S, Nanjing, 211816, China.
| | - Sai Zhang
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 30 Puzhu Rd S, Nanjing, 211816, China.
| | - Qinghuan Wu
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 30 Puzhu Rd S, Nanjing, 211816, China.
| | - Jingjing Meng
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 30 Puzhu Rd S, Nanjing, 211816, China.
| | - Ning Zhu
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 30 Puzhu Rd S, Nanjing, 211816, China.
| | - Zheng Fang
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 30 Puzhu Rd S, Nanjing, 211816, China.
| | - Jindian Duan
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 30 Puzhu Rd S, Nanjing, 211816, China.
| | - Kai Guo
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 30 Puzhu Rd S, Nanjing, 211816, China.
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33
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Mishra DR, Panda BS, Nayak S, Panda J, Mohapatra S. Recent Advances in the Synthesis of 5‐Membered
N
‐Heterocycles via Rhodium Catalysed Cascade Reactions. ChemistrySelect 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202200531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Deepak R. Mishra
- Organic Synthesis Laboratory Department of Chemistry Ravenshaw University Cuttack 753003 Odisha India
| | - Bhabani S. Panda
- Organic Synthesis Laboratory Department of Chemistry Ravenshaw University Cuttack 753003 Odisha India
| | - Sabita Nayak
- Organic Synthesis Laboratory Department of Chemistry Ravenshaw University Cuttack 753003 Odisha India
| | - Jasmine Panda
- Organic Synthesis Laboratory Department of Chemistry Ravenshaw University Cuttack 753003 Odisha India
| | - Seetaram Mohapatra
- Organic Synthesis Laboratory Department of Chemistry Ravenshaw University Cuttack 753003 Odisha India
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34
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Saiegh T, Meyer C, Cossy J. Rhodium(III)‐Catalyzed Heteroannulations of 3‐Sulfolene Derivatives via C(sp2)–H Activation. Access to Pyridine ortho‑Quinodimethane Precursors. European J Org Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202200509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tomas Saiegh
- ESPCI Paris Molecular, Macromolecular Chemistry, and Materials FRANCE
| | - Christophe Meyer
- ESPCI Paris, CNRS, PSL Research University Laboratory of Organic Chemsitry 10 rue Vauquelin 75005 PARIS FRANCE
| | - Janine Cossy
- ESPCI: ESPCI Paris Molecular, Macromolecular Chemistry, and Materials PARIS FRANCE
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35
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Miao CB, Qiang XQ, Xu X, Song XQ, Zhou SQ, Lyu X, Yang HT. Synthesis of Stable N-H Imines with a Benzo[7,8]indolizine Core and Benzo[7,8]indolizino[1,2- c]quinolines via Copper-Catalyzed Annulation of α,β-Unsaturated O-Acyl Ketoximes with Isoquinolinium N-Ylides. Org Lett 2022; 24:3828-3833. [PMID: 35605016 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c01386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A copper-catalyzed annulation of α,β-unsaturated O-acyl ketoximes with isoquinolinium N-ylides has been developed for the concise synthesis of stable N-H imines with a benzo[7,8]indolizine core. When β-(2-bromoaryl)-α,β-unsaturated O-acyl ketoximes are used as the starting materials, a cascade cyclization occurs to afford the benzo[7,8]indolizino[1,2-c]quinolines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Bao Miao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Technology, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Fine Petrochemical Engineering, School of Petrochemical Engineering, School of Environmental and Safety Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213164, P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Qi Qiang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Technology, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Fine Petrochemical Engineering, School of Petrochemical Engineering, School of Environmental and Safety Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213164, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoli Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Technology, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Fine Petrochemical Engineering, School of Petrochemical Engineering, School of Environmental and Safety Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213164, P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Qing Song
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Technology, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Fine Petrochemical Engineering, School of Petrochemical Engineering, School of Environmental and Safety Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213164, P. R. China
| | - Su-Qing Zhou
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Technology, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Fine Petrochemical Engineering, School of Petrochemical Engineering, School of Environmental and Safety Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213164, P. R. China
| | - Xinyu Lyu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Technology, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Fine Petrochemical Engineering, School of Petrochemical Engineering, School of Environmental and Safety Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213164, P. R. China
| | - Hai-Tao Yang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Technology, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Fine Petrochemical Engineering, School of Petrochemical Engineering, School of Environmental and Safety Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213164, P. R. China
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36
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Wang ZH, Shen LW, Yang P, You Y, Zhao JQ, Yuan WC. Access to 4-Trifluoromethyl Quinolines via Cu-Catalyzed Annulation Reaction of Ketone Oxime Acetates with ortho-Trifluoroacetyl Anilines under Redox-Neutral Conditions. J Org Chem 2022; 87:5804-5816. [PMID: 35475619 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c00128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
An efficient Cu-catalyzed annulation reaction of ketone oxime acetates with ortho-trifluoroacetyl anilines has been disclosed. With the developed protocol, a series of 4-trifluoromethyl quinolines were obtained in good to excellent yields (58-99%) under redox-neutral conditions. The protocol also could be extended to ferrocene-based ketone oxime acetates for the construction of ferrocene-substituted fluorine-containing quinolines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen-Hua Wang
- Innovation Research Center of Chiral Drugs, Institute for Advanced Study, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China
| | - Li-Wen Shen
- Innovation Research Center of Chiral Drugs, Institute for Advanced Study, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China.,National Engineering Research Center of Chiral Drugs, Chengdu Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Ping Yang
- Innovation Research Center of Chiral Drugs, Institute for Advanced Study, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China.,National Engineering Research Center of Chiral Drugs, Chengdu Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China.,School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
| | - Yong You
- Innovation Research Center of Chiral Drugs, Institute for Advanced Study, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China
| | - Jian-Qiang Zhao
- Innovation Research Center of Chiral Drugs, Institute for Advanced Study, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China
| | - Wei-Cheng Yuan
- Innovation Research Center of Chiral Drugs, Institute for Advanced Study, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China
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37
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Liu YW, Li LJ, Xu H, Dai HX. Palladium-Catalyzed Alkynylation of Enones with Alkynylsilanes via C-C Bond Activation. J Org Chem 2022; 87:6807-6811. [PMID: 35507767 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c00498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We report herein the synthesis of 1,3-enynes via palladium-catalyzed cross-coupling between enone derivatives and alkynylsilanes. The employment of an appropriate pyridine-oxazoline ligand is the key to the C-C cleavage and the high E/Z stereoselectivity. This protocol features broad substrate scope and wide functional-group tolerance, affording the desired products in moderate-to-good yields. Late-stage diversification of natural product β-ionone further demonstrated the synthetic utility of this protocol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Wen Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Ling-Jun Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Hui Xu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Hui-Xiong Dai
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.,School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hangzhou Institute of Advanced Study, Hangzhou 310024, China
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38
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Qu Z, Tian T, Deng GJ, Huang H. Diverse catalytic systems for nitrogen-heterocycle formation from O-acyl ketoximes. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2022.05.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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39
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Fu Y, Chen CH, Huang MG, Tao JY, Peng X, Xu HB, Liu YJ, Zeng MH. Remote C5-Selective Functionalization of Naphthalene Enabled by P–Ru–C Bond-Directed δ-Activation. ACS Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c00839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yueliuting Fu
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Organic Chemical Materials, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for the Synthesis and Application of Organic Functional Molecules, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Cui-Hong Chen
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Organic Chemical Materials, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for the Synthesis and Application of Organic Functional Molecules, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Mao-Gui Huang
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Organic Chemical Materials, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for the Synthesis and Application of Organic Functional Molecules, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Jun-Yang Tao
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Organic Chemical Materials, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for the Synthesis and Application of Organic Functional Molecules, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Xu Peng
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Organic Chemical Materials, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for the Synthesis and Application of Organic Functional Molecules, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Hai-Bing Xu
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Organic Chemical Materials, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for the Synthesis and Application of Organic Functional Molecules, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Yue-Jin Liu
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Organic Chemical Materials, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for the Synthesis and Application of Organic Functional Molecules, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Ming-Hua Zeng
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Organic Chemical Materials, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for the Synthesis and Application of Organic Functional Molecules, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, Ministry of Science and Technology of China, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, China
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40
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Zheng TY, Zhou YQ, Yu N, Li YL, Wei T, Peng L, Ling Y, Jiang K, Wei Y. Deconstructive Insertion of Oximes into Coumarins: Modular Synthesis of Dihydrobenzofuran-Fused Pyridones. Org Lett 2022; 24:2282-2287. [PMID: 35319216 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c00384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In the presence of a copper catalyst, a series of oximes undergo deconstructive insertion into coumarins to afford structurally interesting dihydrobenzofuran-fused pyridones in moderate to good yields with good functional group compatibility. The reaction likely involves a radical relay annulation, leading to the ring opening of the lactone moiety of the coumarins, and simultaneous formation of three new bonds. The investigation of photoluminescent properties reveals that several obtained compounds may have potential as fluorescent materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting-Yu Zheng
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Yu-Qiang Zhou
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Ning Yu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Yu-Lin Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Tao Wei
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Lan Peng
- Basic Department, Chongqing Medical and Pharmaceutical College, Chongqing, 401331, China
| | - Yu Ling
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Kun Jiang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Ye Wei
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Soft-Matter Material Chemistry and Function Manufacturing, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
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41
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Liu H, Sha Q. ZnCl2/PhI=O Mediated Selective ortho-Chlorination of Amides. LETT ORG CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.2174/1570178618666210624115748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Abstract:
A new ortho-chlorination system consisting of zinc(II) and hypervalent iodine(III) reagent
was developed for ortho-chlorination of amides, and the desired products were obtained in
moderate to good yields (38-85%). This highly facile and convenient methodology is tolerant of
aromatic amide and alkyl amide with diverse substituted groups. A plausible mechanism has
been illustrated, in which carbocation rearrangement and metal salt coordinate facilitated orthochlorination
are involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haixuan Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pesticide Science and Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural
University, Nanjing 210095, P.R. China
- Sanhome R&D Centre, Nanjing Sanhome Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Nanjing
211135, P.R. China
| | - Qiang Sha
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pesticide Science and Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural
University, Nanjing 210095, P.R. China
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42
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43
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Prusty P, Jambu S, Jeganmohan M. Rh(III)-Catalyzed Selective Olefination of N-Carboxamide Indoles with Unactivated Olefins at Room Temperature via an Internal Oxidation. Org Lett 2022; 24:1121-1126. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c03905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Priyambada Prusty
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Subramanian Jambu
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Masilamani Jeganmohan
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, Tamil Nadu, India
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44
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Kwon K, Simons RT, Nandakumar M, Roizen JL. Strategies to Generate Nitrogen-centered Radicals That May Rely on Photoredox Catalysis: Development in Reaction Methodology and Applications in Organic Synthesis. Chem Rev 2022; 122:2353-2428. [PMID: 34623809 PMCID: PMC8792374 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 58.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
For more than 70 years, nitrogen-centered radicals have been recognized as potent synthetic intermediates. This review is a survey designed for use by chemists engaged in target-oriented synthesis. This review summarizes the recent paradigm shift in access to and application of N-centered radicals enabled by visible-light photocatalysis. This shift broadens and streamlines approaches to many small molecules because visible-light photocatalysis conditions are mild. Explicit attention is paid to innovative advances in N-X bonds as radical precursors, where X = Cl, N, S, O, and H. For clarity, key mechanistic data is noted, where available. Synthetic applications and limitations are summarized to illuminate the tremendous utility of photocatalytically generated nitrogen-centered radicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kitae Kwon
- Duke University, Department of Chemistry, Box 90346, Durham, North Carolina 27708-0354, United States
| | - R Thomas Simons
- Duke University, Department of Chemistry, Box 90346, Durham, North Carolina 27708-0354, United States
| | - Meganathan Nandakumar
- Duke University, Department of Chemistry, Box 90346, Durham, North Carolina 27708-0354, United States
| | - Jennifer L Roizen
- Duke University, Department of Chemistry, Box 90346, Durham, North Carolina 27708-0354, United States
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45
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Liu J, Lin H, Jiang H, Huang L. Polysubstituted Indole Synthesis via Palladium/Norbornene Cooperative Catalysis of Oxime Esters. Org Lett 2022; 24:484-489. [PMID: 34978457 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c03679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Polysubstituted indoles are prevalent in pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, and organic materials. Presented herein is the fact that polyfunctionalized indoles can be efficiently constructed from easily accessible oxime esters and aryl iodides, involving a palladium/norbornene synergistic synthesis. The reaction is enabled by a unique class of electrophiles in palladium/norbornene cooperative catalysis, which are oxime esters derived from simple ketone. The broad substrate scope and high functional group tolerance could make this method attractive for the synthesis of polysubstituted indoles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiechun Liu
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China
| | - Haojiang Lin
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China
| | - Huanfeng Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China
| | - Liangbin Huang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China
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46
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Xie H, Song JL, Jiang CY, Huang YX, Zeng JY, Liu XG, Zhang SS, Yang F. Thioether-directed Rh(III)-catalyzed peri-selective acyloxylation of arenes. Org Biomol Chem 2022; 20:565-569. [PMID: 34985096 DOI: 10.1039/d1ob02236a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
A thioether directed acyloxylation of arenes has been realized via Cp*Rh(III)-catalyzed C-H activation and subsequent coupling with carboxylic acids. This new method showed high functional group compatibility and broad substrate scope. Primary mechanistic studies have been conducted and a tentative reaction mechanism was proposed. It represents the first example of a thioether-directed Cp*Rh(III)-catalyzed C(sp2)-H acyloxylation reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Xie
- Center for Drug Research and Development, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China.
| | - Jia-Lin Song
- Center for Drug Research and Development, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China.
| | - Chun-Yong Jiang
- School of Ethnic Medicine, Guizhou Minzu University, Guiyang, 550025, P. R. China
| | - Yan-Xia Huang
- Center for Drug Research and Development, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China.
| | - Jun-Yi Zeng
- Center for Drug Research and Development, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China.
| | - Xu-Ge Liu
- Key Laboratory of Brain Targeted Nanodrugs of Henan Province, School of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, P. R. China.
| | - Shang-Shi Zhang
- Center for Drug Research and Development, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China.
| | - Fan Yang
- Center for Drug Research and Development, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China.
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47
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Cao S, Ma C, Teng X, Chen R, Li Y, Yuan W, Zhu Y. Facile synthesis of fully substituted 1 H-imidazoles from oxime esters via dual photoredox/copper catalyzed multicomponent reactions. Org Chem Front 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2qo01475k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
A novel and efficient photoredox/copper cocatalyzed domino cyclization of oxime esters, aldehydes, and amines has been achieved, affording a broad range of fully substituted 1H-imidazoles in good yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shujun Cao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pesticide Science and Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Chongchong Ma
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pesticide Science and Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Xinjie Teng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pesticide Science and Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Rongshun Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pesticide Science and Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Yun Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pesticide Science and Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Weidong Yuan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pesticide Science and Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Yingguang Zhu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pesticide Science and Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
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48
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Ouyang W, Liu B, He Y, Wen Y, Gao Y, Huo Y, Chen Q, Li X. Modular construction of functionalized anilines via switchable C–H and N-alkylations of traceless N-nitroso anilines with olefins. Org Chem Front 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2qo00389a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Switchable C–H or N-alkylations of N-nitroso anilines with olefins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wensen Ouyang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Bairong Liu
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Yi He
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Yanmei Wen
- Faculty of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, China
| | - Yang Gao
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Yanping Huo
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Qian Chen
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Xianwei Li
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
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49
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Liu S, Zhang Y, Zhao C, Zhou X, Liang J, Zhang P, Jiao LY, Yang X, Ma Y. N-Aroyloxycarbamates as switchable nitrogen and oxygen precursor: Ir/Cu controlled divergent C–H functionalization of heteroarenes. Org Chem Front 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d1qo01827b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Chemodivergent control in the functionalization of nitrogen-directed aromatic C–H bonds has been achieved by a switchable catalyst.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Liu
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chemical Additives for Industry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710021, P. R. China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chemical Additives for Industry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710021, P. R. China
| | - Chen Zhao
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chemical Additives for Industry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710021, P. R. China
| | - Xianying Zhou
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chemical Additives for Industry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710021, P. R. China
| | - Jiahui Liang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chemical Additives for Industry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710021, P. R. China
| | - Pingjun Zhang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chemical Additives for Industry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710021, P. R. China
| | - Lin-Yu Jiao
- School of Chemical Engineering, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710069, P. R. China
| | - Xiufang Yang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chemical Additives for Industry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710021, P. R. China
| | - Yangmin Ma
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chemical Additives for Industry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710021, P. R. China
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50
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Cai J, Cen K, Usman M, Shen W, Liu M, Yang R. A review for the assembly of multi-substituted pyridines via Co-catalyzed [2+2+2] cycloaddition with nitriles. Org Biomol Chem 2022; 20:7391-7404. [DOI: 10.1039/d2ob01344d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In the recent years, many methods for the facile synthesis of pyridines and their derivatives have been developed. The [2+2+2] cycloaddition reaction of alkynes and nitriles catalyzed by transition metals...
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