Norbornene, norbornadiene and their derivatives: promising semi-products for organic synthesis and production of polymeric materials

The methods for synthesis of promising norbornene monomers from norbornadiene and quadricyclane are summarized. A strategy for their synthesis is discussed, combining theoretical and experimental approaches to the selection of catalysts and the conditions for carrying out stereoselective reactions. The mechanisms of catalytic reactions of synthesis of norbornene monomers, as well as the progress in the macromolecular design of functional polymeric materials based on them, are considered. The data on industrial processes of production of polynorbornenes and areas of their use are presented.

The bibliography includes 297 references.

Polymer ionic liquid network: a highly effective reusable catalyst for one-pot synthesis of heterocyclic compounds

Significant efforts have been devoted to developing immobilized chiral catalysts with high activity, selectivity, and stability. In this present study, a new heterogeneous proline catalyst system was prepared based on strong noncovalent interactions between polymer ionic liquid (PIL) and l-proline. First, pyridine PILs, which can complex with l-proline monomers through noncovalent interactions, were synthesized using reversible addition–fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization. The polymer network-supported chiral catalysts were obtained following further free radical polymerization. Different structures were formed in response to different ratios of PIL and chiral monomer, as well as different PIL anions, in the reactions. The new formed layer structures and synergic effects of PIL resulted in heterogeneous catalysts with high catalytic activity and enantioselectivity, thus endowing them with better catalytic performance for the one-pot synthesis of heterocyclic compounds compared to homogeneous catalytic systems. These catalytic systems were able to be reused and recycled five times with no discernible loss in catalytic activity and enantioselectivity. l-Proline was efficiently loaded onto the polymer network simply based on supramolecular interactions, providing a novel method of synthesizing high performance supported catalysts for organic reactions.

Significant efforts have been devoted to developing immobilized chiral catalysts with high activity, selectivity, and stability.

Advances in Organic and Organic-Inorganic Hybrid Polymeric Supports for Catalytic Applications

In this review, the most recent advances (2014-2016) on the synthesis of new polymer-supported catalysts are reported, focusing the attention on the synthetic strategies developed for their preparation. The polymer-supported catalysts examined will be organic-based polymers and organic-inorganic hybrids and will include, among others, polystyrenes, poly-ionic liquids, chiral ionic polymers, dendrimers, carbon nanotubes, as well as silica and halloysite-based catalysts. Selected examples will show the synthesis and application in the field of organocatalysis and metal-based catalysis both for non-asymmetric and asymmetric transformations.

A self-assembled nanotube for the direct aldol reaction in water

Nanotubes formed by the aqueous assembly of a proline-lysine dipeptide (1) were used to create the hydrophobic microenvironments required to catalyze the aldol reaction in water. The self-assembly process occurred most efficiently in the presence of the substrates, producing an array of homogeneous nanotubes under the reaction conditions. The nanotubes formed by dipeptide 1 served as an efficient catalyst for the aldol reaction that functioned at low loading levels and provided good to excellent conversions. The catalytic activity of 1 was minimal under conditions that dissociated the nanotube into soluble monomers.

Novel poly(2-oxazoline)s with pendant l-prolinamide moieties as efficient organocatalysts for direct asymmetric aldol reaction

Novel poly(2-oxazoline)-bound l-prolinamides have been developed as aldolase biomimetic systems for direct aldol reaction with high stereoselectivity.

p-Bromoaryl- and ω-bromoalkyl-VA-PNBs: suitable starting materials for the functionalization of vinylic addition polynorbornenes via palladium-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions

New routes to functionalize the robust VA-polynorbornene skeleton by Pd-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions use p-bromoaryl- and ω-bromoalkyl-VA-PNBs as versatile starting materials.

Poly(ω-bromoalkylnorbornenes-co-norbornene) by ROMP-hydrogenation: a robust support amenable to post-polymerization functionalization

The new polymers described have a saturated backbone and a bromo-substituent as the entry point to other functional groups of choice.