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Maruthi YA, Ramakrishna S. Sporopollenin - Invincible biopolymer for sustainable biomedical applications. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 222:2957-2965. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.10.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Sporopollenin-inspired design and synthesis of robust polymeric materials. Commun Chem 2022; 5:110. [PMID: 36697794 PMCID: PMC9814627 DOI: 10.1038/s42004-022-00729-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Sporopollenin is a mechanically robust and chemically inert biopolymer that constitutes the outer protective exine layer of plant spores and pollen grains. Recent investigation of the molecular structure of pine sporopollenin revealed unique monomeric units and inter-unit linkages distinct from other previously known biopolymers, which could be harnessed for new material design. Herein, we report the bioinspired synthesis of a series of sporopollenin analogues. This exercise confirms large portions of our previously proposed pine sporopollenin structural model, while the measured chemical, thermal, and mechanical properties of the synthetic sporopollenins constitute favorable attributes of a new kind of robust material. This study explores a new design framework of robust materials inspired by natural sporopollenins, and provides insights and reagents for future elucidation and engineering of sporopollenin biosynthesis in plants.
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Hegedüs K, Fehér C, Jalsovszky I, Kristóf Z, Rohonczy J, Vass E, Farkas A, Csizmadia T, Friedbacher G, Hantz P. Facile isolation and analysis of sporopollenin exine from bee pollen. Sci Rep 2021; 11:9952. [PMID: 33976296 PMCID: PMC8113464 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-87619-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2019] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
We present facile methods to obtain purified sporopollenin exine capsules, and provide mass balances for classical and novel purification procedures. An ionic liquid, tetrabutyl phosphonium hydroxide turned out to be the most effective in removing the intine wall. The sporopollenin capsules were investigated by fluorescent microscopy, AFM, solid-state NMR and infrared Raman spectroscopy. The latter two methods showed that sunflower and rape exines have different proportions of O-aliphatic and aromatic constituents. Purified exine capsules were coated with functionalized fluorophores. The procedures presented in this paper could contribute to further spread of the applications of this hollow, and chemically highly resistant material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristóf Hegedüs
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Magyar Tudósok Körútja 2, Budapest, 1117, Hungary
| | - Csaba Fehér
- Department of Applied Biotechnology and Food Science, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Szent Gellért tér 4, Budapest, 1111, Hungary
| | - István Jalsovszky
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter sétány 1/A, Budapest, 1117, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Kristóf
- Department of Plant Anatomy, Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter sétány 1/A, Budapest, 1117, Hungary
| | - János Rohonczy
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter sétány 1/A, Budapest, 1117, Hungary
| | - Elemér Vass
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter sétány 1/A, Budapest, 1117, Hungary
| | - Attila Farkas
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Technology, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Budafoki út 8, Budapest, 1111, Hungary
| | - Tamás Csizmadia
- Department of Anatomy, Cell and Developmental Biology, Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter sétány 1/C, Budapest, 1117, Hungary
| | - Gernot Friedbacher
- Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, Vienna University of Technology, Getreidemarkt 9, 1060, Wien, Austria
| | - Peter Hantz
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter sétány 1/A, Budapest, 1117, Hungary.
- Fibervar Llc., Str. Bolintineanu Nr. 20, 400062, Cluj/Kolozsvár, Romania.
- Centre for Ecological Research, Karolina út 29, Budapest, 1113, Hungary.
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Yuan X, Wang L, Liu G, Dai G, Tang K. Resolution of (
R
,
S
)‐ibuprofen catalyzed by immobilized Novozym40086 in organic phase. Chirality 2019; 31:445-456. [DOI: 10.1002/chir.23070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2018] [Revised: 03/10/2019] [Accepted: 03/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xin Yuan
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringHunan Institute of Science and Technology Yueyang China
| | - Lujun Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringHunan Institute of Science and Technology Yueyang China
| | - Guangyong Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringHunan Institute of Science and Technology Yueyang China
| | - Guilin Dai
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringHunan Institute of Science and Technology Yueyang China
| | - Kewen Tang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringHunan Institute of Science and Technology Yueyang China
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Uddin MJ, Liyanage S, Abidi N, Gill HS. Physical and Biochemical Characterization of Chemically Treated Pollen Shells for Potential Use in Oral Delivery of Therapeutics. J Pharm Sci 2018; 107:3047-3059. [DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2018.07.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2018] [Revised: 07/18/2018] [Accepted: 07/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Dyab AKF, Sadek KU. Microwave assisted one-pot green synthesis of cinnoline derivatives inside natural sporopollenin microcapsules. RSC Adv 2018; 8:23241-23251. [PMID: 35540124 PMCID: PMC9081757 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra04195d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2018] [Accepted: 06/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
We present a green and efficient approach for the synthesis of novel cinnoline derivatives inside natural Lycopodium clavatum sporopollenin (LCS) microcapsules via a one-pot microwave (MW) assisted reaction for the first time. We also propose the concept that the robust micrometre-sized sporopollenin microcapsules can act as MW microreactors. We demonstrate the feasibility of this concept by in situ synthesising 8-hydroxy-7-nitro-6-(3-nitrophenyl)-3-oxo-2-(p-tolyl)-2,3,5,6-tetrahydrocinnoline-4-carbonitrile inside the LCS microcapsules via a microwave (MW) assisted reaction of ethyl 5-cyano-4-methyl-6-oxo-1-(p-tolyl)-1,6-dihydropyridazine-3-carboxylate with 1-nitro-2-phenylethylene in the presence of piperidine as a base at 100 °C for 20 minutes. The LCS microparticles are extensively characterised before and after the MW induced reaction using several techniques. The formation of the cinnoline compound inside the LCS microcapsules is confirmed by laser scanning confocal microscopy (LSCM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analyses. Using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LCMS) analyses, we show that the structural integrity of the cinnoline compound, recovered from the cinnoline loaded (cinn-loaded) LCS, is preserved. The pure cinnoline is found to show promising optical properties with two λmax absorption peaks at 310 and 610 nm. Both the pure cinnoline and cinn-loaded LCS show promising antibacterial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa (Gram-negative) and Bacillus cereus (Gram-negative) human pathogenic bacterial strains. The successful MW induced reaction of the prominent cinnoline derivative inside the biocompatible LCS microreactors can open up intriguing applications in materials and pharmaceutical sciences. We have achieved in situ microwave assisted green syntheses of a novel cinnoline derivative inside natural sporopollenin microreactors.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Amro K. F. Dyab
- Chemistry Department
- Faculty of Science
- Minia University
- Minia 61519
- Egypt
| | - Kamal Usef Sadek
- Chemistry Department
- Faculty of Science
- Minia University
- Minia 61519
- Egypt
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Dyab AKF, Mohamed MA, Meligi N, Mohamed SK. Encapsulation of erythromycin and bacitracin antibiotics into natural sporopollenin microcapsules: antibacterial, cytotoxicity, in vitro and in vivo release studies for enhanced bioavailability. RSC Adv 2018; 8:33432-33444. [PMID: 35548145 PMCID: PMC9086482 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra05499a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2018] [Accepted: 09/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Nature produces large quantities of superbly complex and highly reliable microcapsules. The micrometre-sized Lycopodium clavatum spores are one example of these robust capsules. The encapsulation of erythromycin (EM) and bacitracin (BAC) antibiotics into the Lycopodium clavatum sporopollenin (LCS) extracted from these spore species is explored for the first time. The LCS microparticles are extensively characterised before and after loading using SEM, CLSM, TGA and FTIR techniques. The loading capacity and entrapping efficiency of EM were 16.2 and 32.4%, respectively. The antibacterial activities of pure antibiotics, empty LCS and the antibiotic-loaded LCS were evaluated against Staphylococcus aureus (Gram-positive), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (Gram-negative), and Klebsiella pneumoniae (Gram-negative) human pathogenic bacterial strains. A remarkable increase in the antibacterial fold activity of both EM- and BAC-loaded LCS compared to that of the pure antibiotics is observed. Crucial for drug delivery applications, empty LCS, EM- and BAC-loaded LCS were found to be nontoxic against human epithelial colorectal adenocarcinoma cells Caco-2 as revealed by the cytotoxicity evaluation. The in vitro release mechanism of EM in pH 7.4 showed a deviation from Fick's law. In vivo release of EM from EM-loaded LCS (an oral dose of 50 mg kg−1) revealed high values of the area under the plasma concentration–time curve (AUC0–6 h and AUC0–∞ were 1620 and 2147 μg h L−1, respectively) indicative of the enhanced EM bioavailability. The successful loading of antibiotics into the nontoxic LCS and the enhanced bioavailability can open up intriguing applications in oral and topical drug delivery strategies. Antibacterial activity and bioavailability of antibiotics are enhanced after a successful loading into nontoxic natural Lycopodium clavatum sporopollenin microcapsules.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Amro K. F. Dyab
- Chemistry Department
- Faculty of Science
- Minia University
- Minia 61519
- Egypt
| | - Mohamed A. Mohamed
- Plant Pathology Research Institute
- Agricultural Research Center
- Giza 12655
- Egypt
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas (Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas – Universidad Politécnica de Valencia)
| | - Noha M. Meligi
- Zoology Department
- Faculty of Science
- Minia University
- Minia 61519
- Egypt
| | - Shaaban K. Mohamed
- Manchester Metropolitan University
- Faculty of Science & Engineering
- School of Healthcare Science
- Manchester
- UK
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Maltas E, Gubbuk IH, Yildiz S. Development of doxorubicin loading platform based albumin-sporopollenin as drug carrier. Biochem Biophys Rep 2016; 7:201-205. [PMID: 28955907 PMCID: PMC5613350 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2016.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2016] [Revised: 06/01/2016] [Accepted: 06/14/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Albumin is thought as an drug carrier for doxorubicin (DOX). The binding of doxorubicin to albumin was studied on the surface of sporopolleninin (SP) to produce a new drug system based natural materials. Human serum albumin (HSA) was immobilized on SPIONs in 20 mM Tris buffer, 7.4 of pH. Data showed that binding amount of HSA has been found to be as 285.53 µg to the 25 mg of Sporopolleninin which also bounded 319.76 µM of DOX. Binding of protein and drug to Sp were clarified by SEM, EDX and FT-IR analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esra Maltas
- Department of Chemistry, Selcuk University, 42075 Konya, Turkey
- Department of Biochemistry, Selcuk University, 42075 Konya, Turkey
| | | | - Salih Yildiz
- Department of Chemistry, Selcuk University, 42075 Konya, Turkey
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Mundargi RC, Potroz MG, Park JH, Seo J, Tan EL, Lee JH, Cho NJ. Eco-friendly streamlined process for sporopollenin exine capsule extraction. Sci Rep 2016; 6:19960. [PMID: 26818918 PMCID: PMC4730194 DOI: 10.1038/srep19960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2015] [Accepted: 11/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Sporopollenin exine capsules (SECs) extracted from Lycopodium clavatum spores are an attractive biomaterial possessing a highly robust structure suitable for microencapsulation strategies. Despite several decades of research into SEC extraction methods, the protocols commonly used for L. clavatum still entail processing with both alkaline and acidolysis steps at temperatures up to 180 °C and lasting up to 7 days. Herein, we demonstrate a significantly streamlined processing regimen, which indicates that much lower temperatures and processing durations can be used without alkaline lysis. By employing CHN elemental analysis, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM), and dynamic image particle analysis (DIPA), the optimum conditions for L. clavatum SEC processing were determined to include 30 hours acidolysis at 70 °C without alkaline lysis. Extending these findings to proof-of-concept encapsulation studies, we further demonstrate that our SECs are able to achieve a loading of 0.170 ± 0.01 g BSA per 1 g SECs by vacuum-assisted loading. Taken together, our streamlined processing method and corresponding characterization of SECs provides important insights for the development of applications including drug delivery, cosmetics, personal care products, and foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raghavendra C. Mundargi
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue 639798, Singapore
- Centre for Biomimetic Sensor Science Nanyang Technological University 50 Nanyang Drive 637553, Singapore
| | - Michael G. Potroz
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue 639798, Singapore
- Centre for Biomimetic Sensor Science Nanyang Technological University 50 Nanyang Drive 637553, Singapore
| | - Jae Hyeon Park
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue 639798, Singapore
- Centre for Biomimetic Sensor Science Nanyang Technological University 50 Nanyang Drive 637553, Singapore
| | - Jeongeun Seo
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue 639798, Singapore
- Centre for Biomimetic Sensor Science Nanyang Technological University 50 Nanyang Drive 637553, Singapore
| | - Ee-Lin Tan
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue 639798, Singapore
- Centre for Biomimetic Sensor Science Nanyang Technological University 50 Nanyang Drive 637553, Singapore
| | - Jae Ho Lee
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue 639798, Singapore
- Centre for Biomimetic Sensor Science Nanyang Technological University 50 Nanyang Drive 637553, Singapore
| | - Nam-Joon Cho
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue 639798, Singapore
- Centre for Biomimetic Sensor Science Nanyang Technological University 50 Nanyang Drive 637553, Singapore
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering Nanyang Technological University 62 Nanyang Drive 637459, Singapore
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de Souza SP, Junior II, Silva GMA, Miranda LSM, Santiago MF, Leung-Yuk Lam F, Dawood A, Bornscheuer UT, de Souza ROMA. Cellulose as an efficient matrix for lipase and transaminase immobilization. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra24976g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Continuous-flow biocatalysis using immobilized lipases and transaminases in order to synthesize chiral alcohols and amines respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefânia P. de Souza
- Biocatalysis and Organic Synthesis Group
- Chemistry Institute
- Federal University of Rio de Janeiro
- Rio de Janeiro
- Brazil
| | - Ivaldo I. Junior
- School of Chemistry
- University of Rio de Janeiro
- Rio de Janeiro
- Brazil
| | - Guilherme M. A. Silva
- Biocatalysis and Organic Synthesis Group
- Chemistry Institute
- Federal University of Rio de Janeiro
- Rio de Janeiro
- Brazil
| | - Leandro S. M. Miranda
- Biocatalysis and Organic Synthesis Group
- Chemistry Institute
- Federal University of Rio de Janeiro
- Rio de Janeiro
- Brazil
| | - Marcelo F. Santiago
- Institute of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho (IBCCF)
- Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ)
- Rio de Janeiro
- Brazil
| | - Frank Leung-Yuk Lam
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering
- The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology
- Hong Kong SAR
- China
| | - Ayad Dawood
- Institute of Biochemistry
- Dept. of Biotechnology & Enzyme Catalysis
- Greifswald University
- Greifswald
- Germany
| | - Uwe T. Bornscheuer
- Institute of Biochemistry
- Dept. of Biotechnology & Enzyme Catalysis
- Greifswald University
- Greifswald
- Germany
| | - Rodrigo O. M. A. de Souza
- Biocatalysis and Organic Synthesis Group
- Chemistry Institute
- Federal University of Rio de Janeiro
- Rio de Janeiro
- Brazil
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