1
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Boisvert EJY, Max HC, Fogg DE. Rapid Aerial Oxidation of Ruthenium-Dithiocatecholate Catalysts: A Challenge to Stereoretentive Olefin Metathesis. ACS Catal 2023. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c06168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Eliza-Jayne Y. Boisvert
- Center for Catalysis Research & Innovation, and Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Harrison C. Max
- Center for Catalysis Research & Innovation, and Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Deryn E. Fogg
- Center for Catalysis Research & Innovation, and Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bergen, Allégaten 41, N-5007 Bergen, Norway
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2
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Tole TT, Jordaan JHL, Vosloo HCM. Synthesis and application of 1-cycloalkyl-1-(2’-pyridinyl)-methanolato ligand containing ruthenium catalysts for high temperature 1-octene metathesis. REACTION KINETICS MECHANISMS AND CATALYSIS 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s11144-023-02351-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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3
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Swart M, Marais C, Erasmus E. Comparison of the Spectroscopically Measured Catalyst Transformation and Electrochemical Properties of Grubbs' First- and Second-Generation Catalysts. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:28642-28653. [PMID: 34746559 PMCID: PMC8567268 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c03109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
According to UV-vis spectroscopy (0.10 mM, CH2Cl2 at 25 °C), the catalyst transformation (which could possibly include ligand dissociation with active catalyst formation, dimer formation, and decomposition) rate constants (k obs) of Grubbs' first (1) and second (2) generation catalysts are 7.48 × 10-5 and 1.52 × 10-4 s-1, respectively. From 31P NMR (0.1 M, CD2Cl2, at 25 °C), the catalyst transformation was 5.1% for 1 and 16.5% for 2 after 72 h. However, due to the larger concentrations of the NMR samples compared to the UV-vis samples, the extent of transformation did not correspond. The oxidation potential of the RuII/RuIII couple of 2 (E°' = 27.5 mV at v = 200 mV s-1) was considerably lower than that of 1 (E°' = 167 mV at v = 200 mV s-1). In the case of 1, a second reduction peak appeared at slow scan rates. This may probably be ascribed to an electrochemically active compound that was formed from the intermediate cation 1 •+ and the subsequent reduction of the latter. The oxidation/reduction of 1 proceeds according to an ErCi electrochemical mechanism (Er = electrochemically reversible step, Ci = chemically irreversible step), whereas 2 proceeds according to an ErCr electrochemical mechanism (Er = electrochemically reversible step, Ci = chemically reversible step).
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4
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Nandy A, Duan C, Taylor MG, Liu F, Steeves AH, Kulik HJ. Computational Discovery of Transition-metal Complexes: From High-throughput Screening to Machine Learning. Chem Rev 2021; 121:9927-10000. [PMID: 34260198 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Transition-metal complexes are attractive targets for the design of catalysts and functional materials. The behavior of the metal-organic bond, while very tunable for achieving target properties, is challenging to predict and necessitates searching a wide and complex space to identify needles in haystacks for target applications. This review will focus on the techniques that make high-throughput search of transition-metal chemical space feasible for the discovery of complexes with desirable properties. The review will cover the development, promise, and limitations of "traditional" computational chemistry (i.e., force field, semiempirical, and density functional theory methods) as it pertains to data generation for inorganic molecular discovery. The review will also discuss the opportunities and limitations in leveraging experimental data sources. We will focus on how advances in statistical modeling, artificial intelligence, multiobjective optimization, and automation accelerate discovery of lead compounds and design rules. The overall objective of this review is to showcase how bringing together advances from diverse areas of computational chemistry and computer science have enabled the rapid uncovering of structure-property relationships in transition-metal chemistry. We aim to highlight how unique considerations in motifs of metal-organic bonding (e.g., variable spin and oxidation state, and bonding strength/nature) set them and their discovery apart from more commonly considered organic molecules. We will also highlight how uncertainty and relative data scarcity in transition-metal chemistry motivate specific developments in machine learning representations, model training, and in computational chemistry. Finally, we will conclude with an outlook of areas of opportunity for the accelerated discovery of transition-metal complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aditya Nandy
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States.,Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Chenru Duan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States.,Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Michael G Taylor
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Fang Liu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Adam H Steeves
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Heather J Kulik
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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5
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Toward E-selective Olefin Metathesis: Computational Design and Experimental Realization of Ruthenium Thio-Indolate Catalysts. Top Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11244-021-01468-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
AbstractThe selective transformation of 1-alkenes into E-olefins is a long-standing challenge in olefin metathesis. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations predict high E-selectivity for catalysts incorporating a bidentate, dianionic thio-indolate ligand within a RuXX’(NHC)(py)(= CHR) platform (NHC = N-heterocyclic carbene; py = pyridine). Such complexes are predicted to yield E-olefins by favoring anti-disposed substituents in the transition state expected to be rate-determining: specifically, that for cycloreversion of the metallacyclobutane intermediate. Three pyridine-stabilized catalysts Ru21a-c were synthesized, in which the thio-indolate ligand bears a H, Me, or Ph substituent at the C2 position, and the NHC ligand is the unsaturated imidazoline-2-ylidene Me2IMes (which bears N-mesityl groups and methyl groups on the C4,5 backbone). Single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis of Ru21c confirms the ligand orientation required for E-selective metathesis, with the thio-indolate sulfur atom binding cis to the NHC, and the indolate nitrogen atom trans to the NHC. However, whereas the new complexes mediated metathetic exchange of their 2-thienylmethylidene ligand in the presence of the common metathesis substrates styrene and allylbenzene, no corresponding self-metathesis products were obtained. Only small amounts of 2-butene (73% (Z)-2-butene) were obtained in self-metathesis of propene using Ru21a. Detailed DFT analysis of this process revealed that product release is surprisingly slow, limiting the reaction rate and explaining the low metathesis activity. With the barrier to dissociation of (Z)-2-butene being lower than that of (E)-2-butene, the calculations also account for the observed Z-selectivity of Ru21a. These findings provide guidelines for catalyst redesign in pursuit of the ambitious goal of E-selective 1-alkene metathesis.
Graphic abstract
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6
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Gupta S, Su S, Zhang Y, Liu P, Wink DJ, Lee D. Ruthenabenzene: A Robust Precatalyst. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:7490-7500. [PMID: 33961744 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c02237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Metallaaromatics constitute a unique class of aromatic compounds where one or more transition metal elements are incorporated into the aromatic system, the parent of which is metallabenzene. One of the main concerns about metallabenzenes generally deals with the structural characterization related to their relative aromaticity compared to the carbon archetype. Transition metal-containing metallabenzenes are also implicated in certain catalytic processes such as alkyne metathesis polymerization; however, these transition metal-based metallaaromatic compounds have not been developed as a catalyst. Herein, we describe an effective strategy to generate diverse arrays of ruthenabenzenes and demonstrated them as an aromatic equivalent of the Grubbs-type ruthenium alkylidene catalysts. These ruthenabenzenes can be prepared via an enyne metathesis and metallotropic [1,3]-shift cascade process to form alkyne-chelated ruthenium alkylidene intermediates followed by spontaneous cycloaromatization. The aromatic nature of these complexes was confirmed by spectroscopic and X-ray crystallographic data, and the mechanistic pathways for the cycloaromatization process were studied by DFT calculations. These ruthenabenzenes display robust catalytic activity for metathesis and other transformations, which illustrates that metallabenzenes are not only compounds of structural and theoretical interests but also are a novel platform for new catalyst development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saswata Gupta
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, 845 W. Taylor St., Chicago, Illinois 60607, United States
| | - Siyuan Su
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, 845 W. Taylor St., Chicago, Illinois 60607, United States
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, 219 Parkman Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
| | - Peng Liu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, 219 Parkman Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
| | - Donald J Wink
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, 845 W. Taylor St., Chicago, Illinois 60607, United States
| | - Daesung Lee
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, 845 W. Taylor St., Chicago, Illinois 60607, United States
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7
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Patra SG, Das NK. Recent advancement on the mechanism of olefin metathesis by Grubbs catalysts: A computational perspective. Polyhedron 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2021.115096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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8
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Renom-Carrasco M, Mania P, Sayah R, Veyre L, Occhipinti G, Jensen VR, Thieuleux C. Silica-supported Z-selective Ru olefin metathesis catalysts. MOLECULAR CATALYSIS 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mcat.2019.110743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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9
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du Toit JI, du Toit MJ, van Sittert CG, Vosloo HC. Geographical information system software as in-house chemical indexing database for catalyst screening of alkene metathesis catalysts. Catal Today 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cattod.2019.01.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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10
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Smit W, Ekeli JB, Occhipinti G, Woźniak B, Törnroos KW, Jensen VR. Z-Selective Monothiolate Ruthenium Indenylidene Olefin Metathesis Catalysts. Organometallics 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.9b00641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wietse Smit
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bergen, Allégaten 41, N-5007 Bergen Norway
| | - Jonas B. Ekeli
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bergen, Allégaten 41, N-5007 Bergen Norway
| | - Giovanni Occhipinti
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bergen, Allégaten 41, N-5007 Bergen Norway
| | - Bartosz Woźniak
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bergen, Allégaten 41, N-5007 Bergen Norway
| | - Karl W. Törnroos
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bergen, Allégaten 41, N-5007 Bergen Norway
| | - Vidar R. Jensen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bergen, Allégaten 41, N-5007 Bergen Norway
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11
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Monothiolate ruthenium alkylidene complexes with tricyclic fluorinated N-heterocyclic carbene ligands. MENDELEEV COMMUNICATIONS 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mencom.2019.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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12
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Renom-Carrasco M, Mania P, Sayah R, Veyre L, Occhipinti G, Gajan D, Lesage A, Jensen VR, Thieuleux C. Supported Ru olefin metathesis catalysts via a thiolate tether. Dalton Trans 2019; 48:2886-2890. [DOI: 10.1039/c8dt04592e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Ruthenium alkylidene complexes can be successfully immobilized on hybrid mesostructured silica via thiolate tethers to give heterogeneous, thiolate-coordinated olefin metathesis catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Renom-Carrasco
- University of Lyon
- Institute of Chemistry of Lyon
- Laboratory C2P2 UMR 5265-CNRS-University Lyon 1-CPE Lyon
- 69616 Villeurbanne
- France
| | - Philipp Mania
- University of Lyon
- Institute of Chemistry of Lyon
- Laboratory C2P2 UMR 5265-CNRS-University Lyon 1-CPE Lyon
- 69616 Villeurbanne
- France
| | - Reine Sayah
- University of Lyon
- Institute of Chemistry of Lyon
- Laboratory C2P2 UMR 5265-CNRS-University Lyon 1-CPE Lyon
- 69616 Villeurbanne
- France
| | - Laurent Veyre
- University of Lyon
- Institute of Chemistry of Lyon
- Laboratory C2P2 UMR 5265-CNRS-University Lyon 1-CPE Lyon
- 69616 Villeurbanne
- France
| | | | - David Gajan
- Institut des Sciences Analytiques UMR 5280 (CNRS/Université Lyon 1/ENS Lyon)
- Université de Lyon
- Centre de RMN à Très Hauts Champs
- 69100 Villeurbanne
- France
| | - Anne Lesage
- Institut des Sciences Analytiques UMR 5280 (CNRS/Université Lyon 1/ENS Lyon)
- Université de Lyon
- Centre de RMN à Très Hauts Champs
- 69100 Villeurbanne
- France
| | - Vidar R. Jensen
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Bergen
- N-5007 Bergen
- Norway
| | - Chloé Thieuleux
- University of Lyon
- Institute of Chemistry of Lyon
- Laboratory C2P2 UMR 5265-CNRS-University Lyon 1-CPE Lyon
- 69616 Villeurbanne
- France
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13
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Thomas AA, Speck K, Kevlishvili I, Lu Z, Liu P, Buchwald SL. Mechanistically Guided Design of Ligands That Significantly Improve the Efficiency of CuH-Catalyzed Hydroamination Reactions. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:13976-13984. [PMID: 30244567 PMCID: PMC6469493 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b09565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Using a mechanically guided ligand design approach, a new ligand (SEGFAST) for the CuH-catalyzed hydroamination reaction of unactivated terminal olefins has been developed, providing a 62-fold rate increase over reactions compared to DTBM-SEGPHOS, the previous optimal ligand. Combining the respective strengths of computational chemistry and experimental kinetic measurements, we were able to quickly identify potential modifications that lead to more effective ligands, thus avoiding synthesizing and testing a large library of ligands. By optimizing the combination of attractive, noncovalent ligand-substrate interactions and the stability of the catalyst under the reaction conditions, we were able to identify a finely tuned hybrid ligand that greatly enables accelerated hydrocupration rates with unactivated alkenes. Moreover, a modular and robust synthetic sequence was devised, which allowed for the practical, gram-scale synthesis of these novel hybrid ligand structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andy A Thomas
- Department of Chemistry , Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02139 , United States
| | - Klaus Speck
- Department of Chemistry , Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02139 , United States
| | - Ilia Kevlishvili
- Department of Chemistry , University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh , Pennsylvania 15260 , United States
| | - Zhaohong Lu
- Department of Chemistry , Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02139 , United States
| | - Peng Liu
- Department of Chemistry , University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh , Pennsylvania 15260 , United States
| | - Stephen L Buchwald
- Department of Chemistry , Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02139 , United States
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14
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Dittner M, Hartke B. Globally Optimal Catalytic Fields - Inverse Design of Abstract Embeddings for Maximum Reaction Rate Acceleration. J Chem Theory Comput 2018; 14:3547-3564. [PMID: 29883539 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.8b00151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The search for, and understanding of, good catalysts for chemical reactions is a central issue for chemists. Here, we present first steps toward developing a general computational framework to better support this task. This framework combines efficient, unbiased global optimization techniques with an abstract representation of the catalytic environment, to shrink the search space. To analyze the resulting catalytic embeddings, we employ dimensionality reduction and clustering techniques. This not only provides an inverse design approach to new catalytic embeddings but also illuminates the actual interactions behind catalytic effects. All this is illustrated here with a strictly electrostatic model for the environment and with two versions of a selected example reaction. We close with detailed discussions of future improvements of our framework.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Dittner
- Institute for Physical Chemistry , Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel , 24098 Kiel , Germany
| | - Bernd Hartke
- Institute for Physical Chemistry , Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel , 24098 Kiel , Germany
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15
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Xie Q, Wang T, Wu S, Guo W, Zhang H, Wang J. A stable ruthenium complex bearing a 1,2-dicarbadodecaborane(12)-1,2-dithiolate ligand and its activation for olefin metathesis. J Organomet Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2018.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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16
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Engel J, Smit W, Foscato M, Occhipinti G, Törnroos KW, Jensen VR. Loss and Reformation of Ruthenium Alkylidene: Connecting Olefin Metathesis, Catalyst Deactivation, Regeneration, and Isomerization. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:16609-16619. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b07694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Julien Engel
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, D-52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Wietse Smit
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Bergen, Allégaten 41, N-5007 Bergen, Norway
| | - Marco Foscato
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Bergen, Allégaten 41, N-5007 Bergen, Norway
| | - Giovanni Occhipinti
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Bergen, Allégaten 41, N-5007 Bergen, Norway
| | - Karl W. Törnroos
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Bergen, Allégaten 41, N-5007 Bergen, Norway
| | - Vidar R. Jensen
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Bergen, Allégaten 41, N-5007 Bergen, Norway
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17
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Montgomery TP, Grandner JM, Houk KN, Grubbs RH. Synthesis and Evaluation of Sterically Demanding Ruthenium Dithiolate Catalysts for Stereoretentive Olefin Metathesis. Organometallics 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.7b00555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- T. Patrick Montgomery
- Arnold
and Mabel Beckman Laboratories of Chemical Synthesis, Division of
Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Jessica M. Grandner
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - K. N. Houk
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Robert H. Grubbs
- Arnold
and Mabel Beckman Laboratories of Chemical Synthesis, Division of
Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
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18
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Engl PS, Santiago CB, Gordon CP, Liao WC, Fedorov A, Copéret C, Sigman MS, Togni A. Exploiting and Understanding the Selectivity of Ru-N-Heterocyclic Carbene Metathesis Catalysts for the Ethenolysis of Cyclic Olefins to α,ω-Dienes. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:13117-13125. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b06947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pascal S. Engl
- Department
of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 2, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Celine B. Santiago
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 South 1400 East, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Christopher P. Gordon
- Department
of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 2, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Wei-Chih Liao
- Department
of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 2, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Alexey Fedorov
- Department
of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 2, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Christophe Copéret
- Department
of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 2, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Matthew S. Sigman
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 South 1400 East, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Antonio Togni
- Department
of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 2, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
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19
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Occhipinti G, Törnroos KW, Jensen VR. Pyridine-Stabilized Fast-Initiating Ruthenium Monothiolate Catalysts for Z-Selective Olefin Metathesis. Organometallics 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.7b00441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Occhipinti
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bergen, Allégaten 41, N-5007 Bergen, Norway
| | - Karl W. Törnroos
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bergen, Allégaten 41, N-5007 Bergen, Norway
| | - Vidar R. Jensen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bergen, Allégaten 41, N-5007 Bergen, Norway
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20
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Xu C, Shen X, Hoveyda AH. In Situ Methylene Capping: A General Strategy for Efficient Stereoretentive Catalytic Olefin Metathesis. The Concept, Methodological Implications, and Applications to Synthesis of Biologically Active Compounds. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:10919-10928. [PMID: 28749659 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b06552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In situ methylene capping is introduced as a practical and broadly applicable strategy that can expand the scope of catalyst-controlled stereoselective olefin metathesis considerably. By incorporation of commercially available Z-butene together with robust and readily accessible Ru-based dithiolate catalysts developed in these laboratories, a large variety of transformations can be made to proceed with terminal alkenes, without the need for a priori synthesis of a stereochemically defined disubstituted olefin. Reactions thus proceed with significantly higher efficiency and Z selectivity as compared to when other Ru-, Mo-, or W-based complexes are utilized. Cross-metathesis with olefins that contain a carboxylic acid, an aldehyde, an allylic alcohol, an aryl olefin, an α substituent, or amino acid residues was carried out to generate the desired products in 47-88% yield and 90:10 to >98:2 Z:E selectivity. Transformations were equally efficient and stereoselective with a ∼70:30 Z-:E-butene mixture, which is a byproduct of crude oil cracking. The in situ methylene capping strategy was used with the same Ru catechothiolate complex (no catalyst modification necessary) to perform ring-closing metathesis reactions, generating 14- to 21-membered ring macrocyclic alkenes in 40-70% yield and 96:4-98:2 Z:E selectivity; here too, reactions were more efficient and Z-selective than when the other catalyst classes are employed. The utility of the approach is highlighted by applications to efficient and stereoselective syntheses of several biologically active molecules. This includes a platelet aggregate inhibitor and two members of the prostaglandin family of compounds by catalytic cross-metathesis reactions, and a strained 14-membered ring stapled peptide by means of macrocyclic ring-closing metathesis. The approach presented herein is likely to have a notable effect on broadening the scope of olefin metathesis, as the stability of methylidene complexes is a generally debilitating issue with all types of catalyst systems. Illustrative examples of kinetically controlled E-selective cross-metathesis and macrocyclic ring-closing reactions, where E-butene serves as the methylene capping agent, are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaofan Xu
- Department of Chemistry, Merkert Chemistry Center, Boston College , Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts 02467, United States
| | - Xiao Shen
- Department of Chemistry, Merkert Chemistry Center, Boston College , Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts 02467, United States
| | - Amir H Hoveyda
- Department of Chemistry, Merkert Chemistry Center, Boston College , Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts 02467, United States
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21
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22
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Montgomery TP, Ahmed TS, Grubbs RH. Stereoretentive Olefin Metathesis: An Avenue to Kinetic Selectivity. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:11024-11036. [PMID: 28599101 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201704686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Olefin metathesis is an incredibly valuable transformation that has gained widespread use in both academic and industrial settings. Lately, stereoretentive olefin metathesis has garnered much attention as a method for the selective generation of both E- and Z-olefins. Early studies employing ill-defined catalysts showed evidence for retention of the stereochemistry of the starting olefins at low conversion. However, thermodynamic ratios E/Z were reached as the reaction proceeded to equilibrium. Recent studies in olefin metathesis have focused on the synthesis of catalysts that can overcome the inherent thermodynamic preference of an olefin, providing synthetically useful quantities of a kinetically favored olefin isomer. These reports have led to the development of stereoretentive catalysts that not only generate Z-olefins selectively, but also kinetically produce E-olefins, a previously unmet challenge in olefin metathesis. Advancements in stereoretentive olefin metathesis using tungsten, ruthenium, and molybdenum catalysts are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Patrick Montgomery
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, 1200 E California Blvd., Pasadena, CA, 91125, USA
| | - Tonia S Ahmed
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, 1200 E California Blvd., Pasadena, CA, 91125, USA
| | - Robert H Grubbs
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, 1200 E California Blvd., Pasadena, CA, 91125, USA
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Poree C, Schoenebeck F. A Holy Grail in Chemistry: Computational Catalyst Design: Feasible or Fiction? Acc Chem Res 2017; 50:605-608. [PMID: 28945392 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.6b00606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Efficient and selective catalysis lies at the heart of much of chemistry, enabling the synthesis of molecules and materials with enormous societal and technological impact. Modern in silico tools should allow us to develop new catalysts faster and better than ever before; this contribution discusses the feasibility and potential of computational catalyst design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carl Poree
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Franziska Schoenebeck
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
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Ahmed TS, Grubbs RH. Fast-Initiating, Ruthenium-based Catalysts for Improved Activity in Highly E-Selective Cross Metathesis. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:1532-1537. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.6b11330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tonia S. Ahmed
- The Arnold and Mabel Beckman
Laboratory of Chemical Synthesis, Division of Chemistry and Chemical
Engineering. California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Robert H. Grubbs
- The Arnold and Mabel Beckman
Laboratory of Chemical Synthesis, Division of Chemistry and Chemical
Engineering. California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
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26
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Synthesis and Application of Novel Ruthenium Catalysts for High Temperature Alkene Metathesis. Catalysts 2017. [DOI: 10.3390/catal7010022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
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27
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Sanjeev R, Ravi R, Jagannadham V, Skelton AA. Experimental and Quantum Mechanical Study of Nucleophilic Substitution Reactions of meta- and para-Substituted Benzyl Bromides with Benzylamine in Methanol: Synergy Between Experiment and Theory. Aust J Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1071/ch16061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
This work involves the experimental and theoretical study of the nucleophilic substitution of meta- and para-substituted benzyl bromides with benzylamine. Conductometric rate experiments confirm the applicability of the Hammett linear free-energy relationship to this system. To gain a deep understanding of the physical chemistry at play, a quantum mechanical study of the reaction is also conducted. The quantum mechanical calculations not only reproduce the experimental free energy of activation, but also provide greater insights at the molecular and atomic level. Isolation of the calculated transition state structure and application of the Hammett equation to its electronic, structural, and energetic properties are studied.
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Mikus MS, Torker S, Xu C, Li B, Hoveyda AH. Pentacoordinate Ruthenium(II) Catecholthiolate and Mercaptophenolate Catalysts for Olefin Metathesis: Anionic Ligand Exchange and Ease of Initiation. Organometallics 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.6b00773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Malte S. Mikus
- Department of Chemistry,
Merkert Chemistry Center, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts 02467, United States
| | - Sebastian Torker
- Department of Chemistry,
Merkert Chemistry Center, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts 02467, United States
| | - Chaofan Xu
- Department of Chemistry,
Merkert Chemistry Center, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts 02467, United States
| | - Bo Li
- Department of Chemistry,
Merkert Chemistry Center, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts 02467, United States
| | - Amir H. Hoveyda
- Department of Chemistry,
Merkert Chemistry Center, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts 02467, United States
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29
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Lee J, Kim KH, Lee OS, Choi TL, Lee HS, Ihee H, Sohn JH. Preference of Ruthenium-Based Metathesis Catalysts toward Z- and E-Alkenes as a Guide for Selective Reactions to Alkene Stereoisomers. J Org Chem 2016; 81:7591-6. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.6b01276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jihong Lee
- Department
of Chemistry, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 305-764, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Hwan Kim
- Center
for Nanomaterials and Chemical Reactions, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Ok Suk Lee
- Department
of Chemistry, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 305-764, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Lim Choi
- Department
of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-747, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee-Seung Lee
- Department
of Chemistry, KAIST, Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyotcherl Ihee
- Center
for Nanomaterials and Chemical Reactions, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea
- Department
of Chemistry, KAIST, Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Hun Sohn
- Department
of Chemistry, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 305-764, Republic of Korea
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30
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The chemistry of the carbon-transition metal double and triple bond: Annual survey covering the year 2014. Coord Chem Rev 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2015.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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31
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Smit W, Koudriavtsev V, Occhipinti G, Törnroos KW, Jensen VR. Phosphine-Based Z-Selective Ruthenium Olefin Metathesis Catalysts. Organometallics 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.6b00214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wietse Smit
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bergen, Allégaten
41, N-5007 Bergen, Norway
| | - Vitali Koudriavtsev
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bergen, Allégaten
41, N-5007 Bergen, Norway
| | - Giovanni Occhipinti
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bergen, Allégaten
41, N-5007 Bergen, Norway
| | - Karl W. Törnroos
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bergen, Allégaten
41, N-5007 Bergen, Norway
| | - Vidar R. Jensen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bergen, Allégaten
41, N-5007 Bergen, Norway
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Torker S, Koh MJ, Khan RKM, Hoveyda AH. Regarding a Persisting Puzzle in Olefin Metathesis with Ru Complexes: Why are Transformations of Alkenes with a Small Substituent Z-Selective? Organometallics 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.5b00970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Torker
- Department of Chemistry,
Merkert Chemistry Center, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts 02467, United States
| | - Ming Joo Koh
- Department of Chemistry,
Merkert Chemistry Center, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts 02467, United States
| | - R. Kashif M. Khan
- Department of Chemistry,
Merkert Chemistry Center, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts 02467, United States
| | - Amir H. Hoveyda
- Department of Chemistry,
Merkert Chemistry Center, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts 02467, United States
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Johns AM, Ahmed TS, Jackson BW, Grubbs RH, Pederson RL. High Trans Kinetic Selectivity in Ruthenium-Based Olefin Cross-Metathesis through Stereoretention. Org Lett 2016; 18:772-5. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.6b00031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Adam M. Johns
- Materia, Inc., Pasadena, California 91107, United States
| | - Tonia S. Ahmed
- The
Arnold and Mabel Beckman Laboratory of Chemical Synthesis, Division
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering. California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | | | - Robert H. Grubbs
- The
Arnold and Mabel Beckman Laboratory of Chemical Synthesis, Division
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering. California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
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34
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Ivry E, Ben-Asuly A, Goldberg I, Lemcoff NG. Amino acids as chiral anionic ligands for ruthenium based asymmetric olefin metathesis. Chem Commun (Camb) 2015; 51:3870-3. [PMID: 25656548 DOI: 10.1039/c5cc00052a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Several amino acid ligands were introduced into the Hoveyda-Grubbs 2nd generation complex by a facile anionic ligand exchange. The chiral pre-catalysts obtained displayed enantioselectivity in asymmetric ring-closing and ring-opening cross-metathesis reactions. Reduction of the lability of the carboxylate ligands was found to be cardinal for improving the observed enantiomeric product enrichment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Ivry
- Chemistry Department, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel.
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35
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Werrel S, Walker JC, Donohoe TJ. Application of catalytic Z-selective olefin metathesis in natural product synthesis. Tetrahedron Lett 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2015.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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36
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Herbert MB, Suslick BA, Liu P, Zou L, Dornan PK, Houk KN, Grubbs RH. Cyclometalated Z-Selective Ruthenium Metathesis Catalysts with Modified N-Chelating Groups. Organometallics 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.5b00185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Myles B. Herbert
- Arnold
and Mabel Beckman Laboratory of Chemical Synthesis, Division of Chemistry
and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Benjamin A. Suslick
- Arnold
and Mabel Beckman Laboratory of Chemical Synthesis, Division of Chemistry
and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Peng Liu
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Lufeng Zou
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Peter K. Dornan
- Arnold
and Mabel Beckman Laboratory of Chemical Synthesis, Division of Chemistry
and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - K. N. Houk
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Robert H. Grubbs
- Arnold
and Mabel Beckman Laboratory of Chemical Synthesis, Division of Chemistry
and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
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37
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Towards a better understanding of alkene metathesis: elucidating the properties of the major metal carbene catalyst types. MONATSHEFTE FUR CHEMIE 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s00706-015-1491-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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38
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Hassam M, Taher A, Arnott GE, Green IR, van Otterlo WAL. Isomerization of Allylbenzenes. Chem Rev 2015; 115:5462-569. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.5b00052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 175] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Hassam
- Department
of Chemistry and Polymer Science, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag
X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa
| | - Abu Taher
- Department
of Chemistry and Polymer Science, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag
X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa
| | - Gareth E. Arnott
- Department
of Chemistry and Polymer Science, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag
X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa
| | - Ivan R. Green
- Department
of Chemistry and Polymer Science, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag
X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa
| | - Willem A. L. van Otterlo
- Department
of Chemistry and Polymer Science, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag
X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa
- School
of Chemistry, University of the Witwatersrand, Braamfontein, Johannesburg 2000, South Africa
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39
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Herbert MB, Grubbs RH. Z-Selective Cross Metathesis with Ruthenium Catalysts: Synthetic Applications and Mechanistic Implications. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015; 54:5018-24. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201411588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2014] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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40
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Herbert MB, Grubbs RH. Z-Selektive Kreuzmetathese mit Ruthenium-Katalysatoren: Anwendung in der Synthese und mechanistische Aspekte. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201411588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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41
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Nelson JW, Grundy LM, Dang Y, Wang ZX, Wang X. Mechanism of Z-Selective Olefin Metathesis Catalyzed by a Ruthenium Monothiolate Carbene Complex: A DFT Study. Organometallics 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/om500612r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- John W. Nelson
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Colorado Denver, Campus Box 194, P.O. Box 173364, Denver, Colorado 80217-3364, United States
| | - Lara M. Grundy
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Colorado Denver, Campus Box 194, P.O. Box 173364, Denver, Colorado 80217-3364, United States
| | - Yanfeng Dang
- College
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhi-Xiang Wang
- College
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaotai Wang
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Colorado Denver, Campus Box 194, P.O. Box 173364, Denver, Colorado 80217-3364, United States
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