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Lv A, Li G, Zhang P, Tao R, Li X, Ren X, Li P, Liu X, Yuan XA, Liu Z. Design and anticancer behaviour of cationic/neutral half-sandwich iridium(III) imidazole-phenanthroline/phenanthrene complexes. J Inorg Biochem 2024; 257:112612. [PMID: 38761579 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2024.112612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Revised: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/20/2024]
Abstract
Considerable attention has been devoted to the exploration of organometallic iridium(III) (IrIII) complexes for their potential as metallic anticancer drugs. In this study, twelve half-sandwich IrIII imidazole-phenanthroline/phenanthrene complexes were prepared and characterized. Complexes exhibited promising in-vitro anti-proliferative activity, and some are obviously superior to cisplatin towards A549 cells. These complexes possessed suitable fluorescence, and a non-energy-dependent uptake pathway was identified, subsequently leading to their accumulation in the lysosome and the lysosomal damage. Additionally, complexes could inhibit the cell cycle (G1-phase) and catalyze intracellular NADH oxidation, thus substantiating the elevation of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) level, which confirming the oxidative mechanism. Western blotting further confirmed that complexes could induce A549 cell apoptosis through the lysosomal-mitochondrial anticancer pathway, which was inconsistent with cisplatin. In summary, these complexes offer fresh concepts for the development of organometallic non‑platinum anticancer drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ao Lv
- Key Laboratory of Life-Organic Analysis of Shandong Province, Institute of Anticancer Agents Development and Theranostic Application, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, Shandong, China
| | - Guangxiao Li
- Key Laboratory of Life-Organic Analysis of Shandong Province, Institute of Anticancer Agents Development and Theranostic Application, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, Shandong, China
| | - Pei Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, Shandong, China
| | - Rui Tao
- Key Laboratory of Life-Organic Analysis of Shandong Province, Institute of Anticancer Agents Development and Theranostic Application, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, Shandong, China
| | - Xiaoshuang Li
- Key Laboratory of Life-Organic Analysis of Shandong Province, Institute of Anticancer Agents Development and Theranostic Application, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, Shandong, China
| | - Xueyan Ren
- Key Laboratory of Life-Organic Analysis of Shandong Province, Institute of Anticancer Agents Development and Theranostic Application, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, Shandong, China
| | - Peixuan Li
- Key Laboratory of Life-Organic Analysis of Shandong Province, Institute of Anticancer Agents Development and Theranostic Application, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, Shandong, China
| | - Xicheng Liu
- Key Laboratory of Life-Organic Analysis of Shandong Province, Institute of Anticancer Agents Development and Theranostic Application, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, Shandong, China.
| | - Xiang-Ai Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Life-Organic Analysis of Shandong Province, Institute of Anticancer Agents Development and Theranostic Application, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, Shandong, China
| | - Zhe Liu
- Key Laboratory of Life-Organic Analysis of Shandong Province, Institute of Anticancer Agents Development and Theranostic Application, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, Shandong, China.
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Stokes EC, Shoetan IO, Gillman AM, Horton PN, Coles SJ, Woodbury SE, Fallis IA, Pope SJA. Alkyl chain functionalised Ir(iii) complexes: synthesis, properties and behaviour as emissive dopants in microemulsions. RSC Adv 2024; 14:6987-6997. [PMID: 38414995 PMCID: PMC10897649 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra06764e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Six iridium(iii) complexes of the general form [Ir(C^N)2(N^N)]X (where C^N = cyclometalating ligand; N^N = disubstituted 2,2'-bipyridine), and incorporating alkyl chains of differing lengths (C8, C10, C12), have been synthesised and characterised. The complexes have been characterised using a variety of methods including spectroscopies (NMR, IR, UV-Vis, luminescence) and analytical techniques (high resolution mass spectrometry, cyclic voltammetry, X-ray diffraction). Two dodecyl-functionalised complexes were studied for their behaviour in aqueous solutions. Although the complexes did not possess sufficient solubility to determine their critical micelle concentrations (CMC) in water, they were amenable for use as emissive dopants in a N-methyl C12 substituted imidazolium salt microemulsion carrier system with a CMC = 36.5 mM. The investigation showed that the metal doped microemulsions had increased CMCs of 40.4 and 51.3 mM and luminescent properties characterised by the dopant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily C Stokes
- School of Chemistry, Cardiff University Main Building Cardiff CF10 3AT UK
| | - Ibrahim O Shoetan
- School of Chemistry, Cardiff University Main Building Cardiff CF10 3AT UK
| | - Alice M Gillman
- School of Chemistry, Cardiff University Main Building Cardiff CF10 3AT UK
| | - Peter N Horton
- Chemistry, UK National Crystallographic Service, Faculty of Natural and Environmental Sciences, University of Southampton Highfield Southampton SO17 1BJ England UK
| | - Simon J Coles
- Chemistry, UK National Crystallographic Service, Faculty of Natural and Environmental Sciences, University of Southampton Highfield Southampton SO17 1BJ England UK
| | - Simon E Woodbury
- National Nuclear Laboratory, Central Laboratory Sellafield, Seascale Cumbria CA20 1PG UK
| | - Ian A Fallis
- School of Chemistry, Cardiff University Main Building Cardiff CF10 3AT UK
| | - Simon J A Pope
- School of Chemistry, Cardiff University Main Building Cardiff CF10 3AT UK
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Li H, Liu S, Lystrom L, Kilina S, Sun W. Improving triplet excited-state absorption and lifetime of cationic iridium(III) complexes by extending π-conjugation of the 2-(2-quinolinyl)quinoxaline ligand. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2020.112609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Yang LX, Yang WF, Yuan YJ, Su YB, Zhou MM, Liu XL, Chen GH, Chen X, Yu ZT, Zou ZG. Visible-Light-Driven Hydrogen Production and Polymerization using Triarylboron-Functionalized Iridium(III) Complexes. Chem Asian J 2018; 13:1699-1709. [PMID: 29722159 DOI: 10.1002/asia.201800455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Revised: 04/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The development of novel iridium(III) complexes has continued as an important area of research owing to their highly tunable photophysical properties and versatile applications. In this report, three heteroleptic dimesitylboron-containing iridium(III) complexes, [Ir(p-B-ppy)2 (N^N)]+ {p-B-ppy=2-(4-dimesitylborylphenyl)pyridine; N^N=dipyrido[3,2-a:2',3'-c]phenazine (dppz) (1), dipyrido[3,2-d:2',3'-f]quinoxaline (dpq) (2), and 1,10-phenanthroline (phen) (3)}, were prepared and fully characterized electrochemically, photophysically, and computationally. Altering the conjugated length of the N^N ligands allowed us to tailor the photophysical properties of these complexes, especially their luminescence wavelength, which could be adjusted from λ=583 to 631 nm in CH2 Cl2 . All three complexes were evaluated as visible-light-absorbing sensitizers for the photogeneration of hydrogen from water and as photocatalysts for the photopolymerization of methyl methacrylate. The results showed that all of them were active in both photochemical reactions. High activity for the photosensitizer (over 1158 turnover numbers with 1) was observed, and the system generated hydrogen even after 20 h. Additionally, poly(methyl methacrylate) with a relatively narrow molecular-weight distribution was obtained if an initiator (i.e., ethyl α-bromophenylacetate) was used. The living character of the photoinduced polymerization was confirmed on the basis of successful chain-extension experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling-Xia Yang
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory for Nanotechnology, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210093, China.,National Laboratory for Infrared Physics, Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200083, China
| | - Wan-Fa Yang
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory for Nanotechnology, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210093, China
| | - Yong-Jun Yuan
- College of Materials and Environmental Engineering, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310018, China
| | - Yi-Bing Su
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory for Nanotechnology, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210093, China.,National Laboratory for Infrared Physics, Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200083, China
| | - Miao-Miao Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, Shantou University, Guangdong, 515063, China
| | - Xiao-Le Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Shantou University, Guangdong, 515063, China
| | - Guang-Hui Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Shantou University, Guangdong, 515063, China
| | - Xin Chen
- National Laboratory for Infrared Physics, Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200083, China
| | - Zhen-Tao Yu
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory for Nanotechnology, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210093, China
| | - Zhi-Gang Zou
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory for Nanotechnology, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210093, China
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Namanga JE, Gerlitzki N, Smetana V, Mudring AV. Supramolecularly Caged Green-Emitting Ionic Ir(III)-Based Complex with Fluorinated C^N Ligands and Its Application in Light-Emitting Electrochemical Cells. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:11026-11036. [PMID: 29190075 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b18159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Ionic Ir(III) complexes are the most promising emitters in light emitting electrochemical cells (LECs), especially in the high energy emission range for which it is difficult to find emitters with sufficient efficiencies and lifetimes. To overcome this challenge, we introduced the concept of intramolecular π-π stacking of an ancillary ligand (6-phenyl-2,2'-bipyridine, pbpy) in the design of a new green-emitting iridium ionic transition metal complex with a fluoro-substituted cyclometallated ligand, 2-(4-fluorophenyl)pyridinato (4Fppy). [Ir(4Fppy)2(pbpy)][PF6] has been synthesized and characterized and its photophysical and electrochemical properties have been studied. The complex emits green light with maxima at 561 and 556 nm under UV excitation from powder and thin film, respectively, and displays a high photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) of 78.5%. [Ir(4Fppy)2(pbpy)][PF6] based LECs driven under pulsed current conditions showed under an average current density of 100 A m-2 (at 50% duty cycle) a maximum luminance of 1443 cd m-2, resulting in 14.4 cd A-1 and 7.4 lm W-1 current and power efficiencies, respectively. A remarkable long device lifetime of 214 h was observed. Reducing the average current density to 18.5 A m-2 (at 75% duty cycle) led to an exceptional device performance of 19.3 cd A-1 and 14.4 lm W1- for current and power efficiencies, an initial maximum luminance of 352 cd m-2 and a lifetime of 617 h.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jude E Namanga
- OSRAM GmbH, CI ANM EU , Berliner Allee 65 , 86153 Augsburg , Germany
- Anorganische Chemie III - Materials Engineering and Characterization, Fakultät für Chemie und Biochemie , Ruhr-Universität Bochum , 44780 Bochum , Germany
- Critical Materials Institute , Ames Laboratory, U.S. Department of Energy , Ames , Iowa 50011 , United States
| | - Niels Gerlitzki
- OSRAM OLED GmbH , Wernerwerkstrassse 2 , 93049 Regensburg , Germany
| | - Volodymyr Smetana
- Critical Materials Institute , Ames Laboratory, U.S. Department of Energy , Ames , Iowa 50011 , United States
- Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry , Stockholm University , Svante Arrhenius väg 16 C , 106 91 Stockholm , Sweden
| | - Anja-Verena Mudring
- Anorganische Chemie III - Materials Engineering and Characterization, Fakultät für Chemie und Biochemie , Ruhr-Universität Bochum , 44780 Bochum , Germany
- Critical Materials Institute , Ames Laboratory, U.S. Department of Energy , Ames , Iowa 50011 , United States
- Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry , Stockholm University , Svante Arrhenius väg 16 C , 106 91 Stockholm , Sweden
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Langdon-Jones EE, Ward BD, Pope SJ. Synthesis and luminescence properties of cyclometalated iridium(III) complexes incorporating conjugated benzotriazole units. J Organomet Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2018.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Liang H, Hao T, Yin C, Yang X, Fu H, Zheng X, Li R, Xiao D, Chen H. Cyclometalated Rhodium(III) Complexes Based on Substituted 2-Phenylpyridine Ligands: Synthesis, Structures, Photophysics, Electrochemistry, and DNA-Binding Properties. Eur J Inorg Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201700700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Haoran Liang
- College of Chemical Engineering; Sichuan University; No. 29 Wangjiang Road Chengdu P. R. China
| | - Taotao Hao
- College of Chemistry; Sichuan University; No. 29 Wangjiang Road Chengdu P. R. China
| | - Changzhen Yin
- College of Chemistry; Sichuan University; No. 29 Wangjiang Road Chengdu P. R. China
| | - Xi Yang
- Guizhou Central Laboratory of Geology and Mineral Resources; Guiyang P. R. China
| | - Haiyan Fu
- College of Chemistry; Sichuan University; No. 29 Wangjiang Road Chengdu P. R. China
| | - Xueli Zheng
- College of Chemistry; Sichuan University; No. 29 Wangjiang Road Chengdu P. R. China
| | - Ruixiang Li
- College of Chemistry; Sichuan University; No. 29 Wangjiang Road Chengdu P. R. China
| | - Dan Xiao
- College of Chemical Engineering; Sichuan University; No. 29 Wangjiang Road Chengdu P. R. China
| | - Hua Chen
- College of Chemistry; Sichuan University; No. 29 Wangjiang Road Chengdu P. R. China
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Synthesis and structural studies of arene ruthenium and Cp*Rh/Cp*Ir complexes containing pyridylpyrazole- and pyridylthiazole-based ligands. TRANSIT METAL CHEM 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s11243-015-0017-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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