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Rajarathinam T, Thirumalai D, Jayaraman S, Yang S, Ishigami A, Yoon JH, Paik HJ, Lee J, Chang SC. Glutamate oxidase sheets-Prussian blue grafted amperometric biosensor for the real time monitoring of glutamate release from primary cortical neurons. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 254:127903. [PMID: 37939751 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.127903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
Glutamate (GLU) is a primary excitatory neurotransmitter, and its dysregulation is associated with several neurodegenerative disorders. A major challenge in GLU estimation is the existence of other biomolecules in the brain that could directly get oxidized at the electrode. Hence, highly selective electroenzymatic biosensors that enable rapid estimation of GLU are needed. Initially, a copolymer, poly(2-dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate- styrene) was synthesized through reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer polymerization to noncovalently functionalize reduced graphene oxide (rGO), named DS-rGO. Glutamate oxidase macromolecule immobilized DS-rGO formed enzyme nanosheets, which was drop-coated over Prussian blue electrodeposited disposable electrodes to fabricate the GLU biosensor. The interconnectivity between the enzyme nanosheets and the Prussian blue endows the biosensor with enhanced conductivity and electrochemical activity. The biosensor exhibited a linearity: 3.25-250 μM; sensitivity: 3.96 μA mM-1 cm-2, and a limit of detection: 0.96 μM for GLU in the Neurobasal Medium. The biosensor was applied to an in vitro primary rat cortical model to discriminate GLU levels in Neurobasal Medium, before and after KCl mediated depolarization, which provides new insights for elucidating neuronal functioning in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thenmozhi Rajarathinam
- Department of Cogno-Mechatronics Engineering, College of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Dinakaran Thirumalai
- BIT Convergence-based Innovative Drug Development Targeting Metainflammation, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Sivaguru Jayaraman
- Department of Cogno-Mechatronics Engineering, College of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Seonguk Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Akihito Ishigami
- Molecular Regulation of Aging, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Tokyo 173-0015, Japan
| | - Jang-Hee Yoon
- Busan Center, Korea Basic Science Institute, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Jong Paik
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaewon Lee
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea.
| | - Seung-Cheol Chang
- Department of Cogno-Mechatronics Engineering, College of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea.
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Bai S, Ma Y, Obata K, Sugioka K. Ultraminiaturized Microfluidic Electrochemical Surface‐Enhanced Raman Scattering Chip for Analysis of Neurotransmitters Fabricated by Ship‐in‐a‐Bottle Integration. SMALL SCIENCE 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/smsc.202200093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Shi Bai
- Advanced Laser Processing Research Team RIKEN Center for Advanced Photonics 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako Saitama 351-0198 Japan
- School of Material Science and Engineering Hebei University of Science and Technology Shijiazhuang 050018 China
| | - Ying Ma
- Academy of Artificial Intelligence Beijing Institute of Petrochemical Technology No.19 North Qingyuan Road, Daxing District Beijing 102617 China
| | - Kotaro Obata
- Advanced Laser Processing Research Team RIKEN Center for Advanced Photonics 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako Saitama 351-0198 Japan
| | - Koji Sugioka
- Advanced Laser Processing Research Team RIKEN Center for Advanced Photonics 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako Saitama 351-0198 Japan
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Huang S, Liu Z, Yan Y, Chen J, Yang R, Huang Q, Jin M, Shui L. Triple signal-enhancing electrochemical aptasensor based on rhomboid dodecahedra carbonized-ZIF67 for ultrasensitive CRP detection. Biosens Bioelectron 2022; 207:114129. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2022.114129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 02/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Porous Carbon Boosted Non-Enzymatic Glutamate Detection with Ultra-High Sensitivity in Broad Range Using Cu Ions. NANOMATERIALS 2022; 12:nano12121987. [PMID: 35745326 PMCID: PMC9230436 DOI: 10.3390/nano12121987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Revised: 06/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
Abstract
A non-enzymatic electrochemical sensor, based on the electrode of a chitosan-derived carbon foam, has been successfully developed for the detection of glutamate. Attributed to the chelation of Cu ions and glutamate molecules, the glutamate could be detected in an amperometric way by means of the redox reactions of chelation compounds, which outperform the traditional enzymatic sensors. Moreover, due to the large electroactive surface area and effective electron transportation of the porous carbon foam, a remarkable electrochemical sensitivity up to 1.9 × 104 μA/mM∙cm2 and a broad-spectrum detection range from nM to mM scale have been achieved, which is two-orders of magnitude higher and one magnitude broader than the best reported values thus far. Furthermore, our reported glutamate detection system also demonstrates a desirable anti-interference ability as well as a durable stability. The experimental revelations show that the Cu ions chelation-assisted electrochemical sensor with carbon foam electrode has significant potential for an easy fabricating, enzyme-free, broad-spectrum, sensitive, anti-interfering, and stable glutamate-sensing platform.
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Banerjee AN. Green syntheses of graphene and its applications in internet of things (IoT)-a status review. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2022; 33:322003. [PMID: 35395654 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ac6599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Internet of Things (IoT) is a trending technological field that converts any physical object into a communicable smarter one by converging the physical world with the digital world. This innovative technology connects the device to the internet and provides a platform to collect real-time data, cloud storage, and analyze the collected data to trigger smart actions from a remote location via remote notifications, etc. Because of its wide-ranging applications, this technology can be integrated into almost all the industries. Another trending field with tremendous opportunities is Nanotechnology, which provides many benefits in several areas of life, and helps to improve many technological and industrial sectors. So, integration of IoT and Nanotechnology can bring about the very important field of Internet of Nanothings (IoNT), which can re-shape the communication industry. For that, data (collected from trillions of nanosensors, connected to billions of devices) would be the 'ultimate truth', which could be generated from highly efficient nanosensors, fabricated from various novel nanomaterials, one of which is graphene, the so-called 'wonder material' of the 21st century. Therefore, graphene-assisted IoT/IoNT platforms may revolutionize the communication technologies around the globe. In this article, a status review of the smart applications of graphene in the IoT sector is presented. Firstly, various green synthesis of graphene for sustainable development is elucidated, followed by its applications in various nanosensors, detectors, actuators, memory, and nano-communication devices. Also, the future market prospects are discussed to converge various emerging concepts like machine learning, fog/edge computing, artificial intelligence, big data, and blockchain, with the graphene-assisted IoT field to bring about the concept of 'all-round connectivity in every sphere possible'.
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Recent Advances in Electrochemical Sensing of Hydrogen Peroxide (H 2O 2) Released from Cancer Cells. NANOMATERIALS 2022; 12:nano12091475. [PMID: 35564184 PMCID: PMC9103167 DOI: 10.3390/nano12091475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Revised: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Cancer is by far the most common cause of death worldwide. There are more than 200 types of cancer known hitherto depending upon the origin and type. Early diagnosis of cancer provides better disease prognosis and the best chance for a cure. This fact prompts world-leading scientists and clinicians to develop techniques for the early detection of cancer. Thus, less morbidity and lower mortality rates are envisioned. The latest advancements in the diagnosis of cancer utilizing nanotechnology have manifested encouraging results. Cancerous cells are well known for their substantial amounts of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). The common methods for the detection of H2O2 include colorimetry, titration, chromatography, spectrophotometry, fluorimetry, and chemiluminescence. These methods commonly lack selectivity, sensitivity, and reproducibility and have prolonged analytical time. New biosensors are reported to circumvent these obstacles. The production of detectable amounts of H2O2 by cancerous cells has promoted the use of bio- and electrochemical sensors because of their high sensitivity, selectivity, robustness, and miniaturized point-of-care cancer diagnostics. Thus, this review will emphasize the principles, analytical parameters, advantages, and disadvantages of the latest electrochemical biosensors in the detection of H2O2. It will provide a summary of the latest technological advancements of biosensors based on potentiometric, impedimetric, amperometric, and voltammetric H2O2 detection. Moreover, it will critically describe the classification of biosensors based on the material, nature, conjugation, and carbon-nanocomposite electrodes for rapid and effective detection of H2O2, which can be useful in the early detection of cancerous cells.
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Vejpravová J. Mixed sp 2-sp 3 Nanocarbon Materials: A Status Quo Review. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 11:2469. [PMID: 34684910 PMCID: PMC8539693 DOI: 10.3390/nano11102469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Revised: 08/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Carbon nanomaterials with a different character of the chemical bond-graphene (sp2) and nanodiamond (sp3)-are the building bricks for a new class of all-carbon hybrid nanomaterials, where the two different carbon networks with sp3 and sp2 hybridization coexist, interacting and even transforming into one another. The extraordinary physiochemical properties defined by the unique electronic band structure of the two border nanoallotropes ensure the immense application potential and versatility of these all-carbon nanomaterials. The review summarizes the status quo of sp2 - sp3 nanomaterials, including graphene/graphene-oxide-nanodiamond composites and hybrids, graphene/graphene-oxide-diamond heterojunctions, and other sp2-sp3 nanocarbon hybrids for sensing, electronic, and other emergent applications. Novel sp2-sp3 transitional nanocarbon phases and architectures are also discussed. Furthermore, the two-way sp2 (graphene) to sp3 (diamond surface and nanodiamond) transformations at the nanoscale, essential for innovative fabrication, and stability and chemical reactivity assessment are discussed based on extensive theoretical, computational and experimental studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Vejpravová
- Department of Condensed Matter Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Charles University, Ke Karlovu 5, 121 16 Prague, Czech Republic
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Non-enzymatic electrochemical sensor to detect γ-aminobutyric acid with ligand-based on graphene oxide modified gold electrode. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2020.114789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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9
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A Highly Sensitive Amperometric Glutamate Oxidase Microbiosensor Based on a Reduced Graphene Oxide/Prussian Blue Nanocube/Gold Nanoparticle Composite Film-Modified Pt Electrode. SENSORS 2020; 20:s20102924. [PMID: 32455706 PMCID: PMC7284453 DOI: 10.3390/s20102924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Revised: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
A simple method that relies only on an electrochemical workstation has been investigated to fabricate a highly sensitive glutamate microbiosensor for potential neuroscience applications. In this study, in order to develop the highly sensitive glutamate electrode, a 100 µm platinum wire was modified by the electrochemical deposition of gold nanoparticles, Prussian blue nanocubes, and reduced graphene oxide sheets, which increased the electroactive surface area; and the chitosan layer, which provided a suitable environment to bond the glutamate oxidase. The optimization of the fabrication procedure and analytical conditions is described. The modified electrode was characterized using field emission scanning electron microscopy, impedance spectroscopy, and cyclic voltammetry. The results exhibited its excellent sensitivity for glutamate detection (LOD = 41.33 nM), adequate linearity (50 nM-40 µM), ascendant reproducibility (RSD = 4.44%), and prolonged stability (more than 30 repetitive potential sweeps, two-week lifespan). Because of the important role of glutamate in neurotransmission and brain function, this small-dimension, high-sensitivity glutamate electrode is a promising tool in neuroscience research.
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Xiao G, Song Y, Zhang Y, Xing Y, Xu S, Lu Z, Wang M, Cai X. Cellular-Scale Microelectrode Arrays to Monitor Movement-Related Neuron Activities in the Epileptic Hippocampus of Awake Mice. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng 2020; 68:19-25. [PMID: 32356734 DOI: 10.1109/tbme.2020.2990356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Epilepsy affects 50 million people worldwide and its pathogenesis is still unknown. In particular, the movement-related neural activities involving glutamate (Glu) and electrophysiological signals at cellular level remains unclear. METHODS A cellular-scale implantable microelectrode array (MEA) was fabricated to detect the movement-related neural activities involving Glu concentration and electrophysiological signals. Platinum and reduced graphene oxide nanocomposites were deposited to enhance the surface area. Glu oxidase (Gluox) were coated to effectively recognize Glu molecule. RESULTS Neural activities in the hippocampus of normal and epileptic mice is different, and the changes are closely connected with movement. Glu concentration and spike firing rate in the epileptic mice were much higher than those in the normal ones. And the neural activities with significant synchronization were detected in the epileptic mice even without seizure occurrence. Meanwhile, the spikes fire more intensively and Glu level became much higher during the movement of the mice compared to the stationary state. CONCLUSION The existing abnormality of neural activities in the epileptic mice are potential factors to induce a seizure. Movement may impact the neural activities and the duration of seizure. SIGNIFICANCE The MEA can monitor changes of movement, Glu and neuron discharges synchronously and provides us an effective technology to understand the neuronal disease.
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11
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Schultz J, Uddin Z, Singh G, Howlader MMR. Glutamate sensing in biofluids: recent advances and research challenges of electrochemical sensors. Analyst 2020; 145:321-347. [DOI: 10.1039/c9an01609k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Electrochemical sensing guidelines for glutamate in biofluids, associated with different diseases, providing knowledge translation among science, engineering, and medical professionals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Schultz
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering
- McMaster University
- Hamilton
- Canada
| | - Zakir Uddin
- School of Rehabilitation Science
- McMaster University
- Hamilton
- Canada
| | - Gurmit Singh
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine
- McMaster University
- Hamilton
- Canada
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12
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Ford R, Devereux SJ, Quinn SJ, O'Neill RD. Carbon nanohorn modified platinum electrodes for improved immobilisation of enzyme in the design of glutamate biosensors. Analyst 2019; 144:5299-5307. [PMID: 31373591 DOI: 10.1039/c9an01085h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Electrochemical enzymatic biosensors are the subject of research due to their potential for in vivo monitoring of glutamate, which is a key neurotransmitter whose concentration is related to healthy brain function. This study reports the use of biocompatible oxidised carbon nanohorns (o-CNH) with a high surface area, to enhance the immobilization of glutamate oxidase (GluOx) for improved biosensor performance. Two families of biosensors were designed to interact with the anionic GluOx. Family-1 consists of covalently functionalised o-CNH possessing hydrazide (HYZ) and amine (PEG-NH2) terminated surfaces and Family-2 comprised non-covalently functionalised o-CNH with different loadings of polyethyleneimine (PEI) to form a cationic hybrid. Amperometric detection of H2O2 formed by enzymatic oxidation of glutamate revealed a good performance from all designs with the most improved performance by the PEI hybrid systems. The best response was from a o-CNH : PEI ratio of 1 : 10 mg mL-1, which yielded a glutamate calibration plateau, JMAX, of 55 ± 9 μA cm-2 and sensitivity of 111 ± 34 μA mM-1 cm-2. The low KM of 0.31 ± 0.05 mM indicated the retention of the enzyme function, and a limit of detection of 0.02 ± 0.004 μM and a response time of 0.88 ± 0.13 s was determined. The results demonstrate the high sensitivity of these biosensors and their potential for future use for the detection of glutamate in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rochelle Ford
- School of Chemistry, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland.
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Ou Y, Buchanan AM, Witt CE, Hashemi P. Frontiers in Electrochemical Sensors for Neurotransmitter Detection: Towards Measuring Neurotransmitters as Chemical Diagnostics for Brain Disorders. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2019; 11:2738-2755. [PMID: 32724337 PMCID: PMC7386554 DOI: 10.1039/c9ay00055k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
It is extremely challenging to chemically diagnose disorders of the brain. There is hence great interest in designing and optimizing tools for direct detection of chemical biomarkers implicated in neurological disorders to improve diagnosis and treatment. Tools that are capable of monitoring brain chemicals, neurotransmitters in particular, need to be biocompatible, perform with high spatiotemporal resolution, and ensure high selectivity and sensitivity. Recent advances in electrochemical methods are addressing these criteria; the resulting devices demonstrate great promise for in vivo neurotransmitter detection. None of these devices are currently used for diagnostic purposes, however these cutting-edge technologies are promising more sensitive, selective, faster, and less invasive measurements. Via this review we highlight significant technical advances and in vivo studies, performed in the last 5 years, that we believe will facilitate the development of diagnostic tools for brain disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangguang Ou
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia SC
| | - Anna Marie Buchanan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia SC
| | - Colby E. Witt
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia SC
| | - Parastoo Hashemi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia SC
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Sato K, Kamijo T, Takahashi S, Sato T. Comparison of NAD with NADP-dependent Glutamate Dehydrogenase, and CNT with rGO-modified Electrodes, for the Construction of Glutamate Sensors. ELECTROANAL 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.201800160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Katsuhiko Sato
- Department of Creative Engineering, National Institute of Technology; Tsuruoka College; 104 Sawada, Inooka, Tsuruoka Yamagata 997-8511 Japan
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Tohoku University; 6-3 Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku Sendai 980-8578 Japan
| | - Toshio Kamijo
- Department of Creative Engineering, National Institute of Technology; Tsuruoka College; 104 Sawada, Inooka, Tsuruoka Yamagata 997-8511 Japan
| | - Shigehiro Takahashi
- Faculty of Pharmacy; Takasaki University of Health and Welfare; 37-1, Nakaorui-cho, Takasaki Gunma 370-0033 Japan
| | - Takaya Sato
- Department of Creative Engineering, National Institute of Technology; Tsuruoka College; 104 Sawada, Inooka, Tsuruoka Yamagata 997-8511 Japan
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Li Z, Song Y, Xiao G, Gao F, Xu S, Wang M, Zhang Y, Guo F, Liu J, Xia Y, Cai X. Bio-electrochemical microelectrode arrays for glutamate and electrophysiology detection in hippocampus of temporal lobe epileptic rats. Anal Biochem 2018; 550:123-131. [PMID: 29723519 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2018.04.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2018] [Revised: 04/21/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Temporal Lobe Epilepsy (TLE) is a chronic neurological disorder, characterized by sudden, repeated and transient central nervous system dysfunction. For better understanding of TLE, bio-nanomodified microelectrode arrays (MEA) are designed, for the achievement of high-quality simultaneous detection of glutamate signals (Glu) and multi-channel electrophysiological signals including action potentials (spikes) and local field potentials (LFPs). The MEA was fabricated by Micro-Electro-Mechanical System fabrication technology and all recording sites were modified with platinum black nano-particles, the average impedance decreased by nearly 90 times. Additionally, glutamate oxidase was also modified for the detection of Glu. The average sensitivity of the electrode in Glu solution was 1.999 ± 0.032 × 10-2pA/μM·μm2(n = 3) and linearity was R = 0.9986, with a good selectivity of 97.82% for glutamate and effective blocking of other interferents. In the in-vivo experiments, the MEA was subjected in hippocampus to electrophysiology and Glu concentration detection. During seizures, the fire rate of spikes increases, and the interspike interval is concentrated within 30 ms. The amplitude of LFPs increases by 3 times and the power increases. The Glu level (4.22 μM, n = 4) was obviously higher than normal rats (2.24 μM, n = 4). The MEA probe provides an advanced tool for the detection of dual-mode signals in the research of neurological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyue Li
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Institute of Electronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 10090, China
| | - Yilin Song
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Institute of Electronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 10090, China
| | - Guihua Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Institute of Electronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 10090, China
| | - Fei Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Institute of Electronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 10090, China
| | - Shengwei Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Institute of Electronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 10090, China
| | - Mixia Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Institute of Electronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 10090, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Institute of Electronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 10090, China
| | - Fengru Guo
- University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731, China
| | - Jie Liu
- University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731, China
| | - Yang Xia
- University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731, China
| | - Xinxia Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Institute of Electronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 10090, China.
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Xiao G, Song Y, Zhang S, Yang L, Xu S, Zhang Y, Xu H, Gao F, Li Z, Cai X. A high-sensitive nano-modified biosensor for dynamic monitoring of glutamate and neural spike covariation from rat cortex to hippocampal sub-regions. J Neurosci Methods 2017; 291:122-130. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2017.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2017] [Revised: 08/11/2017] [Accepted: 08/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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17
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Zhang R, Chen W. Recent advances in graphene-based nanomaterials for fabricating electrochemical hydrogen peroxide sensors. Biosens Bioelectron 2016; 89:249-268. [PMID: 26852831 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2016.01.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 163] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2015] [Revised: 12/21/2015] [Accepted: 01/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Due to the large specific surface area, extraordinary mechanical flexibility, chemical stability, and superior electrical and thermal conductivities, graphene (G)-based materials have recently opened up an exciting field in the science and technology of two-dimensional (2D) nanomaterials with continuously growing academic and technological impetus. In the past several years, graphene-based materials have been well designed, synthesized, and investigated for sensing applications. In this review, we discuss the synthesis and application of graphene-based 2D nanomaterials for the fabrication of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) electrochemical sensors. In particular, graphene-based nanomaterials as immobilization matrix of heme proteins for the fabrication of enzymatic H2O2 electrochemical biosensors is first summarized. Then, the application of graphene-based electrocatalysts (metal-free, noble-metals and non-noble metals) in constructing non-enzymatic H2O2 electrochemical sensors is discussed in detail. We hope that this review is helpful to push forward the advancement of this academic issue (189 references).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruizhong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, Jilin, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Wei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, Jilin, China.
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18
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Channon RB, Joseph MB, Bitziou E, Bristow AWT, Ray AD, Macpherson JV. Electrochemical flow injection analysis of hydrazine in an excess of an active pharmaceutical ingredient: achieving pharmaceutical detection limits electrochemically. Anal Chem 2015; 87:10064-71. [PMID: 26302058 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.5b02719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The quantification of genotoxic impurities (GIs) such as hydrazine (HZ) is of critical importance in the pharmaceutical industry in order to uphold drug safety. HZ is a particularly intractable GI and its detection represents a significant technical challenge. Here, we present, for the first time, the use of electrochemical analysis to achieve the required detection limits by the pharmaceutical industry for the detection of HZ in the presence of a large excess of a common active pharmaceutical ingredient (API), acetaminophen (ACM) which itself is redox active, typical of many APIs. A flow injection analysis approach with electrochemical detection (FIA-EC) is utilized, in conjunction with a coplanar boron doped diamond (BDD) microband electrode, insulated in an insulating diamond platform for durability and integrated into a two piece flow cell. In order to separate the electrochemical signature for HZ such that it is not obscured by that of the ACM (present in excess), the BDD electrode is functionalized with Pt nanoparticles (NPs) to significantly shift the half wave potential for HZ oxidation to less positive potentials. Microstereolithography was used to fabricate flow cells with defined hydrodynamics which minimize dispersion of the analyte and optimize detection sensitivity. Importantly, the Pt NPs were shown to be stable under flow, and a limit of detection of 64.5 nM or 0.274 ppm for HZ with respect to the ACM, present in excess, was achieved. This represents the first electrochemical approach which surpasses the required detection limits set by the pharmaceutical industry for HZ detection in the presence of an API and paves the wave for online analysis and application to other GI and API systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert B Channon
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick , Coventry, CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - Maxim B Joseph
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick , Coventry, CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - Eleni Bitziou
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick , Coventry, CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - Anthony W T Bristow
- Pharmaceutical Development, AstraZeneca , Macclesfield, SK10 2NA, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew D Ray
- Pharmaceutical Development, AstraZeneca , Macclesfield, SK10 2NA, United Kingdom
| | - Julie V Macpherson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick , Coventry, CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
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Kaivosoja E, Tujunen N, Jokinen V, Protopopova V, Heinilehto S, Koskinen J, Laurila T. Glutamate detection by amino functionalized tetrahedral amorphous carbon surfaces. Talanta 2015; 141:175-81. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2015.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2014] [Revised: 03/24/2015] [Accepted: 04/02/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Baptista FR, Belhout SA, Giordani S, Quinn SJ. Recent developments in carbon nanomaterial sensors. Chem Soc Rev 2015; 44:4433-53. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cs00379a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 366] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The structural diversity of carbon nanomaterials provides an array of unique electronic, magnetic and optical properties, which when combined with their robust chemistry and ease of manipulation, makes them attractive candidates for sensor applications. In this review recent developments in the use of carbon nanoparticles and nanostructures as sensors and biosensors are explored.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - S. A. Belhout
- School of Chemistry
- University College Dublin
- Dublin 4
- Ireland
| | - S. Giordani
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT)
- Nano Carbon Materials
- Nanophysics Department
- 16163 Genova
- Italy
| | - S. J. Quinn
- School of Chemistry
- University College Dublin
- Dublin 4
- Ireland
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Dyatkin B, Ash PA, Sharma S. Highlights from Faraday Discussion 172: Carbon in Electrochemistry, Sheffield, UK, July 2014. Chem Commun (Camb) 2015; 51:2199-207. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cc90483d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Boris Dyatkin
- A.J. Drexel Nanomaterials Institute and the Department of Materials Science and Engineering
- Drexel University
- Philadelphia
- USA
| | - Philip A. Ash
- Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Oxford
- Oxford
- UK
| | - Surbhi Sharma
- Centre for Hydrogen and Fuel Cell Research
- School of Chemical Engineering
- University of Birmingham
- UK
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Cifuentes Castro VH, López Valenzuela CL, Salazar Sánchez JC, Peña KP, López Pérez SJ, Ibarra JO, Villagrán AM. An update of the classical and novel methods used for measuring fast neurotransmitters during normal and brain altered function. Curr Neuropharmacol 2014; 12:490-508. [PMID: 25977677 PMCID: PMC4428024 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x13666141223223657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2014] [Revised: 11/22/2014] [Accepted: 12/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
To understand better the cerebral functions, several methods have been developed to study the brain activity, they could be related with morphological, electrophysiological, molecular and neurochemical techniques. Monitoring neurotransmitter concentration is a key role to know better how the brain works during normal or pathological conditions, as well as for studying the changes in neurotransmitter concentration with the use of several drugs that could affect or reestablish the normal brain activity. Immediate response of the brain to environmental conditions is related with the release of the fast acting neurotransmission by glutamate (Glu), γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and acetylcholine (ACh) through the opening of ligand-operated ion channels. Neurotransmitter release is mainly determined by the classical microdialysis technique, this is generally coupled to high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Detection of neurotransmitters can be done by fluorescence, optical density, electrochemistry or other detection systems more sophisticated. Although the microdialysis method is the golden technique to monitor the brain neurotransmitters, it has a poor temporal resolution. Recently, with the use of biosensor the drawback of temporal resolution has been improved considerably, however other inconveniences have merged, such as stability, reproducibility and the lack of reliable biosensors mainly for GABA. The aim of this review is to show the important advances in the different ways to measure neurotransmitter concentrations; both with the use of classic techniques as well as with the novel methods and alternant approaches to improve the temporal resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Alberto Morales Villagrán
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Camino Ramón Padilla Sánchez 2100, Nextipac, Zapopan,
Jalisco, México, Zip code: 45110, Mexico
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Abstract
This contribution provides a personal overview and summary of Faraday Discussion 172 on “Carbon in Electrochemistry”, covering some of the key points made at the meeting within the broader context of other recent developments on carbon materials for electrochemical applications. Although carbon electrodes have a long history of use in electrochemistry, methods and techniques are only just becoming available that can test long-established models and identify key features for further exploration. This Discussion has highlighted the need for a better understanding of the impact of surface structure, defects, local density of electronic states, and surface functionality and contamination, in order to advance fundamental knowledge of various electrochemical processes and phenomena at carbon electrodes. These developments cut across important materials such as graphene, carbon nanotubes, conducting diamond and high surface area carbon materials. With more detailed pictures of structural and electronic controls of electrochemistry at carbon electrodes (and electrodes generally), will come rational advances in various technological applications, from sensors to energy technology (particularly batteries, supercapacitors and fuel cells), that have been well-illustrated at this Discussion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick R. Unwin
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Warwick
- Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
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