1
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Boldyreva
- Novosibirsk State University ul. Pirogova, 2 Novosibirsk 630090 Russian Federation
- Boreskov Institute of Catalysis Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences Lavrentieva ave., 5 Novosibirsk 630090 Russian Federation
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2
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Photochemical Methods for the Real-Time Observation of Phase Transition Processes upon Crystallization. Symmetry (Basel) 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/sym12101726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
We have used the fluorescence detection of phase transformation dynamics of organic compounds by photochemical methods to observe a real-time symmetry breaking process. The organic fluorescent molecules vary the fluorescence spectra depending on molecular aggregated states, implying fluorescence spectroscopy can be applied to probe the evolution of the molecular-assembling process. As an example, the amorphous-to-crystal phase transformation and crystallization with symmetry breaking at droplet during the solvent evaporation of mechanofluorochromic molecules are represented in this review.
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3
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Broadhurst ET, Xu H, Clabbers MTB, Lightowler M, Nudelman F, Zou X, Parsons S. Polymorph evolution during crystal growth studied by 3D electron diffraction. IUCRJ 2020; 7:5-9. [PMID: 31949899 PMCID: PMC6949601 DOI: 10.1107/s2052252519016105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2019] [Accepted: 11/29/2019] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
3D electron diffraction (3DED) has been used to follow polymorph evolution in the crystallization of glycine from aqueous solution. The three polymorphs of glycine which exist under ambient conditions follow the stability order β < α < γ. The least stable β polymorph forms within the first 3 min, but this begins to yield the α-form after only 1 min more. Both structures could be determined from continuous rotation electron diffraction data collected in less than 20 s on crystals of thickness ∼100 nm. Even though the γ-form is thermodynamically the most stable polymorph, kinetics favour the α-form, which dominates after prolonged standing. In the same sample, some β and one crystallite of the γ polymorph were also observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward T. Broadhurst
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry and Centre for Science at Extreme Conditions, The University of Edinburgh, King’s Buildings, West Mains Road, Edinburgh EH9 3FJ, UK
| | - Hongyi Xu
- Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Stockholm University, Stockholm SE-106 91, Sweden
| | - Max T. B. Clabbers
- Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Stockholm University, Stockholm SE-106 91, Sweden
| | - Molly Lightowler
- Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Stockholm University, Stockholm SE-106 91, Sweden
| | - Fabio Nudelman
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry and Centre for Science at Extreme Conditions, The University of Edinburgh, King’s Buildings, West Mains Road, Edinburgh EH9 3FJ, UK
| | - Xiaodong Zou
- Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Stockholm University, Stockholm SE-106 91, Sweden
| | - Simon Parsons
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry and Centre for Science at Extreme Conditions, The University of Edinburgh, King’s Buildings, West Mains Road, Edinburgh EH9 3FJ, UK
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4
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Hughes CE, Walkley B, Gardner LJ, Walling SA, Bernal SA, Iuga D, Provis JL, Harris KDM. Exploiting in-situ solid-state NMR spectroscopy to probe the early stages of hydration of calcium aluminate cement. SOLID STATE NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE 2019; 99:1-6. [PMID: 30772677 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssnmr.2019.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2018] [Revised: 01/11/2019] [Accepted: 01/11/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
We report a high-field in-situ solid-state NMR study of the hydration of CaAl2O4 (the most important hydraulic phase in calcium aluminate cement), based on time-resolved measurements of solid-state 27Al NMR spectra during the early stages of the reaction. A variant of the CLASSIC NMR methodology, involving alternate recording of direct-excitation and MQMAS 27Al NMR spectra, was used to monitor the 27Al species present in both the solid and liquid phases as a function of time. Our results provide quantitative information on the changes in the relative amounts of 27Al sites with tetrahedral coordination (the anhydrous reactant phase) and octahedral coordination (the hydrated product phases) as a function of time, and reveal significantly different kinetic and mechanistic behaviour of the hydration reaction at the different temperatures (20 °C and 60 °C) studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colan E Hughes
- School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Park Place, Cardiff, Wales, CF10 3AT, UK
| | - Brant Walkley
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Sheffield, Sir Robert Hadfield Building, Mappin Street, Sheffield, S1 3JD, UK
| | - Laura J Gardner
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Sheffield, Sir Robert Hadfield Building, Mappin Street, Sheffield, S1 3JD, UK
| | - Samuel A Walling
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Sheffield, Sir Robert Hadfield Building, Mappin Street, Sheffield, S1 3JD, UK
| | - Susan A Bernal
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Sheffield, Sir Robert Hadfield Building, Mappin Street, Sheffield, S1 3JD, UK; School of Civil Engineering, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Dinu Iuga
- Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
| | - John L Provis
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Sheffield, Sir Robert Hadfield Building, Mappin Street, Sheffield, S1 3JD, UK.
| | - Kenneth D M Harris
- School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Park Place, Cardiff, Wales, CF10 3AT, UK.
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5
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Kaabel S, Stein RS, Fomitšenko M, Järving I, Friščić T, Aav R. Size-Control by Anion Templating in Mechanochemical Synthesis of Hemicucurbiturils in the Solid State. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:6230-6234. [PMID: 30664335 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201813431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Self-organization is one of the most intriguing phenomena of chemical matter. While the self-assembly of macrocycles and cages in dilute solutions has been extensively studied, it remains poorly understood in solvent-free environments. Provided here is the first example of using anionic templates to achieve selective assembly of differently-sized macrocycles in a solvent-free system. Using acid-catalyzed synthesis of cyclohexanohemicucurbiturils as a model, size-controlled, quantitative synthesis of 6- or 8-membered macrocycles by spontaneous anion-directed reorganization of mechanochemically-made oligomers in the solid state is demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Kaabel
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Tallinn University of Technology, Akadeemia tee 15, 12618, Tallinn, Estonia.,Department of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke St. W., Montreal, QC, H3A 0B8, Canada
| | - Robin S Stein
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke St. W., Montreal, QC, H3A 0B8, Canada
| | - Maria Fomitšenko
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Tallinn University of Technology, Akadeemia tee 15, 12618, Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Ivar Järving
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Tallinn University of Technology, Akadeemia tee 15, 12618, Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Tomislav Friščić
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke St. W., Montreal, QC, H3A 0B8, Canada
| | - Riina Aav
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Tallinn University of Technology, Akadeemia tee 15, 12618, Tallinn, Estonia
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6
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Kaabel S, Stein RS, Fomitšenko M, Järving I, Friščić T, Aav R. Size‐Control by Anion Templating in Mechanochemical Synthesis of Hemicucurbiturils in the Solid State. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201813431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Kaabel
- Department of Chemistry and BiotechnologyTallinn University of Technology Akadeemia tee 15 12618 Tallinn Estonia
- Department of ChemistryMcGill University 801 Sherbrooke St. W. Montreal QC H3A 0B8 Canada
| | - Robin S. Stein
- Department of ChemistryMcGill University 801 Sherbrooke St. W. Montreal QC H3A 0B8 Canada
| | - Maria Fomitšenko
- Department of Chemistry and BiotechnologyTallinn University of Technology Akadeemia tee 15 12618 Tallinn Estonia
| | - Ivar Järving
- Department of Chemistry and BiotechnologyTallinn University of Technology Akadeemia tee 15 12618 Tallinn Estonia
| | - Tomislav Friščić
- Department of ChemistryMcGill University 801 Sherbrooke St. W. Montreal QC H3A 0B8 Canada
| | - Riina Aav
- Department of Chemistry and BiotechnologyTallinn University of Technology Akadeemia tee 15 12618 Tallinn Estonia
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7
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Hughes CE, Williams PA, Kariuki BM, Harris KDM. Establishing the Transitory Existence of Amorphous Phases in Crystallization Pathways by the CLASSIC NMR Technique. Chemphyschem 2018; 19:3341-3345. [DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201800976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Colan E. Hughes
- School of Chemistry; Cardiff University Park Place; Cardiff CF10 3AT U.K
| | - P. Andrew Williams
- School of Chemistry; Cardiff University Park Place; Cardiff CF10 3AT U.K
| | - Benson M. Kariuki
- School of Chemistry; Cardiff University Park Place; Cardiff CF10 3AT U.K
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8
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Ashbrook SE, Griffin JM, Johnston KE. Recent Advances in Solid-State Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy. ANNUAL REVIEW OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY (PALO ALTO, CALIF.) 2018; 11:485-508. [PMID: 29324182 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-anchem-061417-125852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The sensitivity of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy to the local atomic-scale environment offers great potential for the characterization of a diverse range of solid materials. Despite offering more information than its solution-state counterpart, solid-state NMR has not yet achieved a similar level of recognition, owing to the anisotropic interactions that broaden the spectral lines and hinder the extraction of structural information. Here, we describe the methods available to improve the resolution of solid-state NMR spectra and the continuing research in this area. We also highlight areas of exciting new and future development, including recent interest in combining experiment with theoretical calculations, the rise of a range of polarization transfer techniques that provide significant sensitivity enhancements, and the progress of in situ measurements. We demonstrate the detailed information available when studying dynamic and disordered solids and discuss the future applications of solid-state NMR spectroscopy across the chemical sciences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharon E Ashbrook
- School of Chemistry, EaStCHEM and Centre of Magnetic Resonance, University of St. Andrews, St. Andrews KY16 9ST, United Kingdom;
| | - John M Griffin
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Science Institute, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YB, United Kingdom
| | - Karen E Johnston
- Department of Chemistry, Durham University, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, United Kingdom
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9
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Cerreia Vioglio P, Mollica G, Juramy M, Hughes CE, Williams PA, Ziarelli F, Viel S, Thureau P, Harris KDM. Insights into the Crystallization and Structural Evolution of Glycine Dihydrate by In Situ Solid‐State NMR Spectroscopy. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:6619-6623. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201801114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2018] [Revised: 03/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Colan E. Hughes
- School of ChemistryCardiff University Park Place Cardiff Wales CF10 3AT UK
| | - P. Andrew Williams
- School of ChemistryCardiff University Park Place Cardiff Wales CF10 3AT UK
| | - Fabio Ziarelli
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRSCentrale Marseille, FSCM FR1739 Marseille France
| | - Stéphane Viel
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, ICR Marseille France
- Institut Universitaire de France Paris France
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10
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Cerreia Vioglio P, Mollica G, Juramy M, Hughes CE, Williams PA, Ziarelli F, Viel S, Thureau P, Harris KDM. Insights into the Crystallization and Structural Evolution of Glycine Dihydrate by In Situ Solid‐State NMR Spectroscopy. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201801114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Colan E. Hughes
- School of ChemistryCardiff University Park Place Cardiff Wales CF10 3AT UK
| | - P. Andrew Williams
- School of ChemistryCardiff University Park Place Cardiff Wales CF10 3AT UK
| | - Fabio Ziarelli
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRSCentrale Marseille, FSCM FR1739 Marseille France
| | - Stéphane Viel
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, ICR Marseille France
- Institut Universitaire de France Paris France
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11
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Oka N, Ito F, Haketa Y, Maeda H, Miyano T, Tohnai N, Ito S, Miyasaka H, Ozeki S. Dynamic Polymorph Formation during Evaporative Crystallization from Solution: The Key Role of Liquid-Like Clusters as "Crucible" at Ambient Temperature. Chemistry 2018; 24:4343-4349. [PMID: 29356156 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201705356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Understanding the polymorph phenomenon for organic crystals is essential for the development of organic solid materials. Here, the fluorescence study of the evaporative crystallization of 1,3-dipyrrol-2-yl-1,3-propanedione boron difluoride complex (1), which has three polymorphs showing different emission profiles, is reported. The droplet of 1 in 1,2-dichloroethane showed blue emission just after dropping. Solids with bluish-green emission were observed. As time elapsed, a solid with red or orange emission was observed around the droplet. Time evolution of the fluorescence spectra, observed for the first time, implied that the molten state of 1 was observed by emission of an intermediate, even at ambient temperature. These findings suggested that the liquid-like cluster incidentally forms an ordered array as the crystallites nucleate. The liquid-like cluster can be considered as the "crucible" in the nucleation of polymorphs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narumi Oka
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Shinshu University, Matsumoto, 390-8621, Japan
| | - Fuyuki Ito
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Education, Shinshu University, Nagano, 380-8544, Japan
| | - Yohei Haketa
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Life Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, 525-8577, Japan
| | - Hiromitsu Maeda
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Life Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, 525-8577, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Miyano
- Department of Material and Life Science, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Norimitsu Tohnai
- Department of Material and Life Science, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Syoji Ito
- Division of Frontier Materials Science, Graduate School of, Engineering Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka, 560-8531, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Miyasaka
- Division of Frontier Materials Science, Graduate School of, Engineering Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka, 560-8531, Japan
| | - Sumio Ozeki
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Shinshu University, Matsumoto, 390-8621, Japan
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12
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Van Vleet MJ, Weng T, Li X, Schmidt J. In Situ, Time-Resolved, and Mechanistic Studies of Metal–Organic Framework Nucleation and Growth. Chem Rev 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.7b00582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 262] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mary J. Van Vleet
- Theoretical Chemistry Institute and Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Tingting Weng
- Theoretical Chemistry Institute and Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Xinyi Li
- Theoretical Chemistry Institute and Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - J.R. Schmidt
- Theoretical Chemistry Institute and Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
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13
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Kuroiwa Y, Higashi K, Ueda K, Yamamoto K, Moribe K. Nano-scale and molecular-level understanding of wet-milled indomethacin/poloxamer 407 nanosuspension with TEM, suspended-state NMR, and Raman measurements. Int J Pharm 2018; 537:30-39. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2017.12.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2017] [Revised: 12/04/2017] [Accepted: 12/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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14
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Bryce DL. NMR crystallography: structure and properties of materials from solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance observables. IUCRJ 2017; 4:350-359. [PMID: 28875022 PMCID: PMC5571798 DOI: 10.1107/s2052252517006042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2017] [Accepted: 04/21/2017] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
This topical review provides a brief overview of recent developments in NMR crystallography and related NMR approaches to studying the properties of molecular and ionic solids. Areas of complementarity with diffraction-based methods are underscored. These include the study of disordered systems, of dynamic systems, and other selected examples where NMR can provide unique insights. Highlights from the literature as well as recent work from my own group are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- David L. Bryce
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences and Centre for Catalysis Research and Innovation, University of Ottawa, 10 Marie Curie Private, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
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15
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Harris KDM, Hughes CE, Williams PA, Edwards-Gau GR. `NMR Crystallization': in-situ NMR techniques for time-resolved monitoring of crystallization processes. ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION C-STRUCTURAL CHEMISTRY 2017; 73:137-148. [PMID: 28257007 DOI: 10.1107/s2053229616019811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2016] [Accepted: 12/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Solid-state NMR spectroscopy is a well-established and versatile technique for studying the structural and dynamic properties of solids, and there is considerable potential to exploit the power and versatility of solid-state NMR for in-situ studies of chemical processes. However, a number of technical challenges are associated with adapting this technique for in-situ studies, depending on the process of interest. Recently, an in-situ solid-state NMR strategy for monitoring the evolution of crystallization processes has been developed and has proven to be a promising approach for identifying the sequence of distinct solid forms present as a function of time during crystallization from solution, and for the discovery of new polymorphs. The latest development of this technique, called `CLASSIC' NMR, allows the simultaneous measurement of both liquid-state and solid-state NMR spectra as a function of time, thus yielding complementary information on the evolution of both the liquid phase and the solid phase during crystallization from solution. This article gives an overview of the range of NMR strategies that are currently available for in-situ studies of crystallization processes, with examples of applications that highlight the potential of these strategies to deepen our understanding of crystallization phenomena.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth D M Harris
- School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Park Place, Cardiff CF10 3AT, Wales
| | - Colan E Hughes
- School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Park Place, Cardiff CF10 3AT, Wales
| | - P Andrew Williams
- School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Park Place, Cardiff CF10 3AT, Wales
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16
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Harris KDM. Explorations in the Dynamics of Crystalline Solids and the Evolution of Crystal Formation Processes. Isr J Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ijch.201600088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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17
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Xu Y, Champion L, Gabidullin B, Bryce DL. A kinetic study of mechanochemical halogen bond formation by in situ31P solid-state NMR spectroscopy. Chem Commun (Camb) 2017; 53:9930-9933. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cc05051h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
In situ
31P solid-state NMR studies of mechanochemical halogen bond formation provide insights into the cocrystallisation process and an estimate of the activation energy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yijue Xu
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences
- University of Ottawa
- Ottawa
- Canada
| | - Lysiane Champion
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences
- University of Ottawa
- Ottawa
- Canada
- Université de Poitiers
| | - Bulat Gabidullin
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences
- University of Ottawa
- Ottawa
- Canada
| | - David L. Bryce
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences
- University of Ottawa
- Ottawa
- Canada
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18
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Harris KDM. New in situ solid-state NMR strategies for exploring materials formation and adsorption processes: prospects in heterogenous catalysis. APPLIED PETROCHEMICAL RESEARCH 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s13203-016-0152-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
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19
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Direct Visualization of the Two-step Nucleation Model by Fluorescence Color Changes during Evaporative Crystallization from Solution. Sci Rep 2016; 6:22918. [PMID: 26953165 PMCID: PMC4782171 DOI: 10.1038/srep22918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2015] [Accepted: 02/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The two-step nucleation model for crystal nuclei formation explains several experimental and theoretical results better than the classical nucleation theory. We report here direct visualization of the two-step nucleation model for organic molecular crystallization. Evaporative crystallization from a solution of a dibenzoylmethane boron complex that displays mechanofluorochromism, a fluorescence color change induced by mechanical perturbation, was probed by fluorescence change. The dependence of fluorescence change on dispersion concentration of the complex in a polymer matrix was also investigated. We detected transitional emission from the amorphous cluster state prior to crystallization. This is the first demonstration of the two-step nucleation model based on fluorescence color changes.
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20
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Chang SY, Gründer Y, Booth SG, Molleta LB, Uehara A, Mosselmans JFW, Cibin G, Pham VT, Nataf L, Dryfe RAW, Schroeder SLM. Detection and characterisation of sub-critical nuclei during reactive Pd metal nucleation by X-ray absorption spectroscopy. CrystEngComm 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ce01883h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The interfacial reduction of aqueous [PdCl4]2− at the interface with an organic solution of ferrocene has been characterised by X-ray absorption fine structure (XAFS) spectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- S.-Y. Chang
- School of Chemical Engineering Analytical Science
- University of Manchester
- Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | - Y. Gründer
- School of Chemical Engineering Analytical Science
- University of Manchester
- Manchester M13 9PL, UK
- School of Chemistry
- University of Manchester
| | - S. G. Booth
- School of Chemistry
- University of Manchester
- Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | - L. B. Molleta
- School of Chemical Engineering Analytical Science
- University of Manchester
- Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | - A. Uehara
- School of Chemistry
- University of Manchester
- Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | - J. F. W. Mosselmans
- Diamond Light Source Ltd., Diamond House
- Harwell Science Innovation Campus
- Didcot, UK
| | - G. Cibin
- Diamond Light Source Ltd., Diamond House
- Harwell Science Innovation Campus
- Didcot, UK
| | - V.-T. Pham
- Synchrotron SOLEIL
- L'Orme des Merisiers
- Gif-sur-Yvette, France
- Center for Quantum Electronics
- Institute of Physics
| | - L. Nataf
- Synchrotron SOLEIL
- L'Orme des Merisiers
- Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - R. A. W. Dryfe
- School of Chemistry
- University of Manchester
- Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | - S. L. M. Schroeder
- School of Chemical Engineering Analytical Science
- University of Manchester
- Manchester M13 9PL, UK
- School of Chemistry
- University of Manchester
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21
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Singh V, Snigdha K, Singh C, Sinha N, Thakur AK. Understanding the self-assembly of Fmoc-phenylalanine to hydrogel formation. SOFT MATTER 2015; 11:5353-5364. [PMID: 26059479 DOI: 10.1039/c5sm00843c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogels of low molecular weight molecules are important in biomedical applications. Multiple factors are responsible for hydrogel formation, but their role in governing self-assembly to hydrogel formation is poorly understood. Herein, we report the hydrogel formation of fluorenylmethyloxycarbonyl phenylalanine (FmocF) molecule. We used physical and thermal stimuli for solubilizing FmocF above the critical concentration to induce gel formation. The key role of Fmoc, Fmoc and phenylalanine covalent linkage, flexibility of phe side chain, pH, and buffer ions in self-assembly of FmocF to gel formation is described. We found that the collective action of different non-covalent interactions play a role in making FmocF hydrogel. Using powder diffraction and infrared spectroscopy, we also report a new polymorphic form of FmocF after transitioning to hydrogel. In addition, we are proposing a model for drug release from FmocF hydrogel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virender Singh
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh 208016, India.
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