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Kamal M, Lele W, Shuzhen T, Jiandi L, Rongyan Q, Yanfeng L, Wenqi W, Xiangyu C, Cheng Y. Influence of dietary Salicornia europaea L. extract supplementation on feed efficiency of Altay sheep by modifying their gastrointestinal bacteria communities. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1377314. [PMID: 38680925 PMCID: PMC11045990 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1377314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024] Open
Abstract
This experiment aimed to examine the impact of Salicornia europaea L. extract on sheep growth performance, rumen fermentation variables, nutrient apparent digestibility, and gastrointestinal microbial diversity. Forty-eight male Altay sheep, weighing 32.5 ± 2.8 kg and approximately 3.5 months old, were chosen. Four dietary treatments, each consisting of four replicates and three sheep per replicate, were distributed randomly to the sheep. The pelleted total mixed ration containing Salicornia europaea L. extract at 0.0, 0.2, 0.4, and 0.6% DM was freely available to the sheep in the four treatment groups. The 56-day experiment consisted of 45 days of measurements followed by 11 days of adaptation. The growth performance was not affected by nutrition Salicornia europaea L. extract (p ≤ 0.05), but the feed-to-gain ratio was reduced when the extract was given at 0.4% DM (p ≤ 0.05). Compared to the 0 and 0.2% treatments, the apparent digestibility of DM, OM, NDF, and ADF was substantially greater in the 0.4, and 0.6% treatments. Furthermore, compared to sheep in the 0 and 0.2% groups, sheep in the 0.6% group had a noticeably higher apparent digestibility of CP. As the amount of Salicornia europaea L. extract added to the rumen fluid rose, the molar ratio of acetic acid increased. In contrast, the molar ratio of propionic acid gradually decreased, and the total volatile fatty acid content gradually reduced. Thus, adding a suitable quantity of Salicornia europaea L. extract to the sheep ration is natural and secure, which may improve the environmental sustainability of small ruminant production systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud Kamal
- Feed Research Institute, Xinjiang Academy of Animal Sciences, Ürumqi, China
- Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Microbiology, National Center for International Research on Animal Gut Nutrition, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Animal Production Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Giza, Egypt
| | - Wang Lele
- Feed Research Institute, Xinjiang Academy of Animal Sciences, Ürumqi, China
- Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Feed Biotechnology, Ürumqi, China
| | - Tang Shuzhen
- Feed Research Institute, Xinjiang Academy of Animal Sciences, Ürumqi, China
- Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Feed Biotechnology, Ürumqi, China
| | - Liang Jiandi
- Feed Research Institute, Xinjiang Academy of Animal Sciences, Ürumqi, China
| | - Qin Rongyan
- Feed Research Institute, Xinjiang Academy of Animal Sciences, Ürumqi, China
- Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Feed Biotechnology, Ürumqi, China
| | - Liu Yanfeng
- Feed Research Institute, Xinjiang Academy of Animal Sciences, Ürumqi, China
- Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Feed Biotechnology, Ürumqi, China
| | - Wang Wenqi
- Feed Research Institute, Xinjiang Academy of Animal Sciences, Ürumqi, China
- Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Feed Biotechnology, Ürumqi, China
| | - Chen Xiangyu
- Feed Research Institute, Xinjiang Academy of Animal Sciences, Ürumqi, China
| | - Yanfen Cheng
- Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Microbiology, National Center for International Research on Animal Gut Nutrition, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
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Louçano B, Maletti S, Timóteo H, Figueiredo JP, Osório N, Barroca MJ, da Silva AM, Pereira T, Caseiro A. Assessing Sarcocornia as a Salt Substitute: Effects on Lipid Profile and Gelatinase Activity. Nutrients 2024; 16:929. [PMID: 38612961 PMCID: PMC11013238 DOI: 10.3390/nu16070929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Revised: 03/17/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Sodium, although essential for life, is a key factor in changes in vascular function and cardiovascular disease when consumed in excess. Sarcocornia spp., a halophyte plant with many nutritional benefits, presents itself as a promising substitute for the consumption of purified salt. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) 2 and 9 are widely studied due to their action in physiological processes and as biomarkers at the diagnostic level due to their increased expression in inflammatory processes. This study aimed to evaluate whether replacing salt with Sarcocornia perennis (S. perennis) powder in healthy young people leads to an improvement in biochemical profiles and the attenuation of MMP-2 and MMP-9 activity. In the present study, 30 participants were randomized into a control group that consumed salt and an intervention group that replaced salt with powdered S. perennis. The evaluation of the biochemical parameters was carried out by the spectrophotometry method, and the evaluation of MMP activity was carried out by zymography. A significant decrease was observed in the intervention group in total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c), and creatinine (p-value ≤ 0.05), along with lower but not significantly different mean values of triglycerides. Regarding MMP activity after the intervention, a lower mean value was observed for MMP-9 activity, with there being higher mean values for MMP-2 activity, both with p-values ≥ 0.05. The results confirmed that the consumption of S. perennis is a beneficial choice for health regarding the lipid profile. The evaluation of MMP activity indicated the potential of S. perennis in the regulation of MMP-9 activity in healthy individuals, along with the need for the further study of these proteases in individuals with pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Louçano
- Polytechnic Institute of Coimbra, Coimbra Health School, Biomedical Laboratory Sciences, Rua 5 de Outubro, S. Martinho do Bispo, 3046-854 Coimbra, Portugal; (B.L.); (H.T.); (N.O.); (A.C.)
| | - Sara Maletti
- Surgical, Medical and Dental Department of Morphological Sciences Related to Transplant, Oncology and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Policlinico, via del Pozzo, 7141124 Modena, Italy;
| | - Helena Timóteo
- Polytechnic Institute of Coimbra, Coimbra Health School, Biomedical Laboratory Sciences, Rua 5 de Outubro, S. Martinho do Bispo, 3046-854 Coimbra, Portugal; (B.L.); (H.T.); (N.O.); (A.C.)
| | - João Paulo Figueiredo
- Polytechnic Institute of Coimbra, Coimbra Health School, Medical Sciences, Socials and Humans, Rua 5 de Outubro, 3046-854 Coimbra, Portugal;
| | - Nádia Osório
- Polytechnic Institute of Coimbra, Coimbra Health School, Biomedical Laboratory Sciences, Rua 5 de Outubro, S. Martinho do Bispo, 3046-854 Coimbra, Portugal; (B.L.); (H.T.); (N.O.); (A.C.)
- LABINSAÚDE-Research Laboratory for Applied Health Sciences, Polytechnic Institute of Coimbra, Coimbra Health School, Rua 5 de Outubro, S. Martinho do Bispo, 3046-854 Coimbra, Portugal;
- Molecular Physical-Chemistry R&D Unit, Department of Chemistry, University of Coimbra, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal;
| | - Maria João Barroca
- Molecular Physical-Chemistry R&D Unit, Department of Chemistry, University of Coimbra, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal;
- Polytechnic Institute of Coimbra, Agriculture School of Coimbra, Bencanta, 3040-360 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Aida Moreira da Silva
- Molecular Physical-Chemistry R&D Unit, Department of Chemistry, University of Coimbra, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal;
- Polytechnic Institute of Coimbra, Agriculture School of Coimbra, Bencanta, 3040-360 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Telmo Pereira
- LABINSAÚDE-Research Laboratory for Applied Health Sciences, Polytechnic Institute of Coimbra, Coimbra Health School, Rua 5 de Outubro, S. Martinho do Bispo, 3046-854 Coimbra, Portugal;
- Polytechnic Institute of Coimbra, Coimbra Health School, Clinical Physiology, Rua 5 de Outubro, S. Martinho do Bispo, 3046-854 Coimbra, Portugal
- Faculty of Sport Science and Physical Education, University of Coimbra, CIDAF—Research Unit for Sport and Physical Activity, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Armando Caseiro
- Polytechnic Institute of Coimbra, Coimbra Health School, Biomedical Laboratory Sciences, Rua 5 de Outubro, S. Martinho do Bispo, 3046-854 Coimbra, Portugal; (B.L.); (H.T.); (N.O.); (A.C.)
- LABINSAÚDE-Research Laboratory for Applied Health Sciences, Polytechnic Institute of Coimbra, Coimbra Health School, Rua 5 de Outubro, S. Martinho do Bispo, 3046-854 Coimbra, Portugal;
- Molecular Physical-Chemistry R&D Unit, Department of Chemistry, University of Coimbra, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal;
- Faculty of Sport Science and Physical Education, University of Coimbra, CIDAF—Research Unit for Sport and Physical Activity, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal
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Fredsgaard M, Kaniki SEK, Antonopoulou I, Chaturvedi T, Thomsen MH. Phenolic Compounds in Salicornia spp. and Their Potential Therapeutic Effects on H1N1, HBV, HCV, and HIV: A Review. Molecules 2023; 28:5312. [PMID: 37513186 PMCID: PMC10384198 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28145312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite public health risk mitigation measures and regulation efforts by many countries, regions, and sectors, viral outbreaks remind the world of our vulnerability to biological hazards and the importance of mitigation actions. The saltwater-tolerant plants in the Salicornia genus belonging to the Amaranthaceae family are widely recognized and researched as producers of clinically applicable phytochemicals. The plants in the Salicornia genus contain flavonoids, flavonoid glycosides, and hydroxycinnamic acids, including caffeic acid, ferulic acid, chlorogenic acid, apigenin, kaempferol, quercetin, isorhamnetin, myricetin, isoquercitrin, and myricitrin, which have all been shown to support the antiviral, virucidal, and symptom-suppressing activities. Their potential pharmacological usefulness as therapeutic medicine against viral infections has been suggested in many studies, where recent studies suggest these phenolic compounds may have pharmacological potential as therapeutic medicine against viral infections. This study reviews the antiviral effects, the mechanisms of action, and the potential as antiviral agents of the aforementioned phenolic compounds found in Salicornia spp. against an influenza A strain (H1N1), hepatitis B and C (HBV/HCV), and human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV-1), as no other literature has described these effects from the Salicornia genus at the time of publication. This review has the potential to have a significant societal impact by proposing the development of new antiviral nutraceuticals and pharmaceuticals derived from phenolic-rich formulations found in the edible Salicornia spp. These formulations could be utilized as a novel strategy by which to combat viral pandemics caused by H1N1, HBV, HCV, and HIV-1. The findings of this review indicate that isoquercitrin, myricetin, and myricitrin from Salicornia spp. have the potential to exhibit high efficiency in inhibiting viral infections. Myricetin exhibits inhibition of H1N1 plaque formation and reverse transcriptase, as well as integrase integration and cleavage. Isoquercitrin shows excellent neuraminidase inhibition. Myricitrin inhibits HIV-1 in infected cells. Extracts of biomass in the Salicornia genus could contribute to the development of more effective and efficient measures against viral infections and, ultimately, improve public health.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Io Antonopoulou
- Biochemical Process Engineering, Division of Chemical Engineering, Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Luleå University of Technology, SE-97187 Luleå, Sweden
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Ekanayake S, Egodawatta C, Attanayake RN, Perera D. From salt pan to saucepan:
Salicornia
, a halophytic vegetable with an array of potential health benefits. FOOD FRONTIERS 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/fft2.214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sadini Ekanayake
- Department of Bioprocess Technology, Faculty of Technology Rajarata University of Sri Lanka Mihinthale Sri Lanka
| | - Chaminda Egodawatta
- Department of Plant Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture Rajarata University of Sri Lanka Anuradhapura Sri Lanka
| | - Renuka N. Attanayake
- Department of Plant and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science University of Kelaniya Kelaniya Sri Lanka
| | - Dinum Perera
- Department of Bioprocess Technology, Faculty of Technology Rajarata University of Sri Lanka Mihinthale Sri Lanka
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Limongelli F, Crupi P, Clodoveo ML, Corbo F, Muraglia M. Overview of the Polyphenols in Salicornia: From Recovery to Health-Promoting Effect. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27227954. [PMID: 36432054 PMCID: PMC9696959 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27227954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Nowadays, there has been considerable attention paid toward the recovery of waste plant matrices as possible sources of functional compounds with healthy properties. In this regard, we focus our attention on Salicornia, a halophyte plant that grows abundantly on the coasts of the Mediterranean area. Salicornia is used not only as a seasoned vegetable but also in traditional medicine for its beneficial effects in protecting against diseases such as obesity, diabetes, and cancer. In numerous research studies, Salicornia consumption has been highly suggested due to its high level of bioactive molecules, among which, polyphenols are prevalent. The antioxidant and antiradical activity of polyphenols makes Salicornia a functional food candidate with potential beneficial activities for human health. Therefore, this review provides specific and compiled information for optimizing and developing new extraction processes for the recovery of bioactive compounds from Salicornia; focusing particular attention on polyphenols and their health benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Limongelli
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Suolo e Degli Alimenti, Università degli Studi di Bari, Campus Universitario E. Quagliarello Via Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Pasquale Crupi
- Dipartimento Interdisciplinare di Medicina, Università degli Studi Aldo Moro Bari, Piazza Giulio Cesare 11, 70124 Bari, Italy
- Correspondence: or
| | - Maria Lisa Clodoveo
- Dipartimento Interdisciplinare di Medicina, Università degli Studi Aldo Moro Bari, Piazza Giulio Cesare 11, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Filomena Corbo
- Dipartimento di Farmacia-Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Bari, Campus Universitario E. Quagliarello Via Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Marilena Muraglia
- Dipartimento di Farmacia-Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Bari, Campus Universitario E. Quagliarello Via Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy
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Alfheeaid HA, Raheem D, Ahmed F, Alhodieb FS, Alsharari ZD, Alhaji JH, BinMowyna MN, Saraiva A, Raposo A. Salicornia bigelovii, S. brachiata and S. herbacea: Their Nutritional Characteristics and an Evaluation of Their Potential as Salt Substitutes. Foods 2022; 11:foods11213402. [PMID: 36360016 PMCID: PMC9655280 DOI: 10.3390/foods11213402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Excessive sodium (salt) intake in our diet is a main contributor to hypertension and a major risk factor for cardiovascular illnesses. As a result, research has made great efforts to develop salt alternatives, and Salicornia spp. offers a very high potential in the food industry for its promising functional characteristics. This review focuses on the nutritional profile, health effects and commercial potential of three specific species of the Salicornia genus: S. bigelovii, S. brachiata and S. herbacea. It also addresses the methods that are used to produce them as salt substitutes. Owing to the antinutritional and anti-inflammatory effects of its bioactive compounds, Salicornia spp. can serve as an organic biological preservative in foods with better consumer appeal when compared with chemical preservatives that are common in the food industry. Overall, the commercial use of these underutilized species will help to improve food security.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hani A. Alfheeaid
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Qassim University, Buraydah 51452, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence:
| | - Dele Raheem
- Northern Institute for Environmental and Minority Law (NIEM), Arctic Centre, University of Lapland, 96101 Rovaniemi, Finland
| | - Faiyaz Ahmed
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, College of Applied Health Sciences in Ar Rass, Qassim University, Ar Rass 51921, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fahad S. Alhodieb
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, College of Applied Health Sciences in Ar Rass, Qassim University, Ar Rass 51921, Saudi Arabia
| | - Zayed D. Alsharari
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 71491, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jwaher Haji Alhaji
- Department of Health Sciences, College of Applied Studies and Community Service, King Saud University, Riyadh 4545, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mona N. BinMowyna
- College of Applied Medical Sciences, Shaqra University, Shaqra 11961, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ariana Saraiva
- Department of Animal Pathology and Production, Bromatology and Food Technology, Faculty of Veterinary, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Trasmontaña s/n, 35413 Arucas, Spain
| | - António Raposo
- CBIOS (Research Center for Biosciences and Health Technologies), Universidade Lusófona de Humanidades e Tecnologias, Campo Grande 376, 1749-024 Lisboa, Portugal
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Monção M, Wretborn T, Rova U, Matsakas L, Christakopoulos P. Salicornia dolichostachya organosolv fractionation: towards establishing a halophyte biorefinery. RSC Adv 2022; 12:28599-28607. [PMID: 36320546 PMCID: PMC9540244 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra04432c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Halophytes are a potential source of lignocellulosic material for biorefinery, as they can be grown in areas unsuitable for the cultivation of crops aimed at food production. To enable the viable use of halophytes in biorefineries, the present study investigated how different organosolv process parameters affected the fractionation of green pressed fibers of Salicornia dolichostachya. We produced pretreated solids characterized by up to 51.3% ± 1.7% cellulose, a significant increase from 25.6% ± 1.3% in untreated fibers. A delignification yield of as high as 60.7%, and hemicellulose removal of as high as 86.1% were also achieved in the current study. The obtained cellulose could be completely converted to glucose via enzymatic hydrolysis within 24 h. The lignin fractions obtained were of high purity, with sugar contamination of only 1.22% w/w and ashes below 1% w/w in most samples. Finally, up to 29.1% ± 0.4% hemicellulose was recovered as a separate product, whose proportion of oligomers to total sugars was 69.9% ± 3.0%. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report in which Salicornia fibers are shown to be a suitable feedstock for organosolv biomass fractionation. These results expand the portfolio of biomass sources for biorefinery applications. An organosolv method was developed for the fractionation of fibers of a halophyte plant in a biorefinery approach. Salicornia dolichostachya was used as raw material allowing the production of cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin fractions.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxwel Monção
- Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Luleå Tekniska UniversitetSE-971 87LuleåSweden+46 (0) 920 493043
| | - Tobias Wretborn
- Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Luleå Tekniska UniversitetSE-971 87LuleåSweden+46 (0) 920 493043
| | - Ulrika Rova
- Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Luleå Tekniska UniversitetSE-971 87LuleåSweden+46 (0) 920 493043
| | - Leonidas Matsakas
- Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Luleå Tekniska UniversitetSE-971 87LuleåSweden+46 (0) 920 493043
| | - Paul Christakopoulos
- Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Luleå Tekniska UniversitetSE-971 87LuleåSweden+46 (0) 920 493043
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Randomized Pilot Study on the Effects of Sarcocornia as a Salt Substitute in Arterial Blood Pressure and Vascular Function in Healthy Young Adults. Foods 2022; 11:foods11182888. [PMID: 36141020 PMCID: PMC9498103 DOI: 10.3390/foods11182888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have shown that excessive salt intake is strongly associated with high blood pressure (HT), vascular dysfunction, and the overall risk of cardiovascular diseases. The aim of this study was to evaluate Sarcocornia effectiveness as a salt substitute, addressing its effect on cardiovascular function in healthy young individuals. Thirty healthy participants, aged 18 to 26 years, were randomized into two groups: the control group (CG) and the intervention group (IG). The IG used Sarcocornia powder as a salt substitute for cooking, and the CG used regular salt, during a period of 1 month. A baseline evaluation was performed before the participants started the intervention phase, and was repeated after a 30-day intervention period. Each evaluation included blood pressure (BP) measurement, carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (PWV), and carotid pulse wave analysis (PWA), and blood samples were also collected for analysis. Sodium excretion was measured at baseline and after intervention through spot urine collection and analysis, a method suitable for this population but with known limitations. Baseline parameters were similar between groups and were within the normal range. Sodium excretion remained unchanged in the two evaluations in the CG, but significantly decreased after intervention in the IG. The reduction in sodium excretion in the IG was followed by a significant reduction in brachial and aortic systolic (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP), and also in PWV. No significant changes were observed in the CG in terms of cardiovascular parameters. This preliminary study conveys positive results in favor of Sarcocornia as a dietary substitute for regular salt, providing added evidence of the negative cardiovascular effects of high salt intake in young and healthy adults.
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Influence of partial replacement of alfalfa with two Salicornia forages on digestion, rumen variables, blood biochemistry metabolites and antioxidant capacity in sheep. Small Rumin Res 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2022.106744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Sun DC, Wang RR, Xu H, Zhu XH, Sun Y, Qiao SQ, Qiao W. A Network Pharmacology-Based Study on Antidepressant Effect of Salicornia europaea L. Extract with Experimental Support in Chronic Unpredictable Mild Stress Model Mice. Chin J Integr Med 2022; 28:339-348. [PMID: 35023063 DOI: 10.1007/s11655-022-2879-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the pharmacodynamic material basis, mechanism of actions and targeted diseases of Salicornia europaea L. (SE) based on the network pharmacology method, and to verify the antidepressant-like effect of the SE extract by pharmacological experiments. METHODS Retrieval tools including Chinese medicine (CM), PubMed, PharmMapper, MAS 3.0 and Cytoscape were used to search the components of SE, predict its targets and related therapeutic diseases, and construct the "Component-Target-Pathway" network of SE for central nervous system (CNS) diseases. Further, protein-protein interaction (PPI) network, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) and Gene Ontology (GO) function annotation of depression-related targets were analyzed to predict the antidepressant mechanism of SE. Chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) model was used to construct a mouse model with depression-like symptoms. And the animals were randomly divided into 6 groups (n=10) including the normal group (nonstressed mice administered with distilled water), the CUMS group (CUMS mice administered with distilled water), the venlafaxine group (CUMS mice administered with venlafaxine 9.38 mg/kg), SE high-, medium-, and low-dose groups (CUMS mice administered with SE 1.8, 1.35 and 0.9 g/kg, respectively). Then some relevant indicators were determined for experimental verification by the forced swim test (FST), the tail suspension test (TST) and open-field test (OFT). Dopamine (DA) concentration in hippocampus and cerebral cortex, IL-2 and corticosterone (CORT) levels in blood, and nuclear factor E2 related factor 2 (Nrf2), kelch-like epichlorohydrin related protein 1 (Keap1), NAD(P) H dehydrogenase [quinone] 1 (NQO1) and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) levels in mice were measured by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and Western blot respectively to explore the possible mechanisms. RESULTS The "target-disease" network diagram predicted by network pharmacology, showed that the potential target of SE involves a variety of CNS diseases, among which depression accounts for the majority. The experimental results showed that SE (1.8, 1.35 g/kg) significantly decreased the immobility period, compared with the CUMS group in FST and TST in mice after 3-week treatment, while SE exhibited no significant effect on exploratory behavior in OFT in mice. Compared with CUMS group, the SE group (0.9 g/kg) showed significant differences (P<0.05) in DA levels in the hippocampus and cerebral cortex. In addition, compared with CUMS control group, SE (1.8 g/kg) group showed a significant effect on decreasing the activities of CORT (P<0.05), and serum IL-2 level with no statistical significance. Finally, Western blot results showed that compared with the model group, Nrf2, Keap1, NQO1 and HO-1 protein expressions in SE group (1.8 g/kg) were up-regulated (all P<0.01). CONCLUSION The SE extract may have an antidepressant effect, which appeared to regulate Nrf2-ARE pathway and increased levels of DA and CORT in the hippocampus and cortex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan-Chen Sun
- Tianjin Key Laboratory on Technologies Enabling Development of Clinical Therapeutics and Diagnostics, School of Pharmacy, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Ran-Ran Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory on Technologies Enabling Development of Clinical Therapeutics and Diagnostics, School of Pharmacy, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Hao Xu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory on Technologies Enabling Development of Clinical Therapeutics and Diagnostics, School of Pharmacy, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Xue-Hui Zhu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory on Technologies Enabling Development of Clinical Therapeutics and Diagnostics, School of Pharmacy, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Yan Sun
- Tianjin Key Laboratory on Technologies Enabling Development of Clinical Therapeutics and Diagnostics, School of Pharmacy, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Shi-Qing Qiao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory on Technologies Enabling Development of Clinical Therapeutics and Diagnostics, School of Pharmacy, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Wei Qiao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory on Technologies Enabling Development of Clinical Therapeutics and Diagnostics, School of Pharmacy, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China.
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Evlash V, Murlykina N, Aksonova O, Hazzavi-Rogozina L. Technology of a dietary supplement “SoleVit Mg” based on Salicornia Europaea L. for use in food technologies. BIO WEB OF CONFERENCES 2021. [DOI: 10.1051/bioconf/20214002006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
On the basis of the above-ground part of the plant samples of Salicornia Europaea, technologies of the dietary supplement “SoleVit Mg” and frozen semi-finished products for use in food technologies have been developed. It has been experimentally confirmed that they contain all groups of basic nutrients – proteins, fats and carbohydrates, are a source of valuable vitamins (choline, nicotinic acid, vitamin C, β-carotene, etc.) and mineral elements, have an increased content of sodium chloride, have antioxidant activity. Sodium – 3460 mg, potassium – 1155 mg, magnesium – 770 mg, calcium – 580 mg, phosphorus – 650 mg, silicon – 80 mg, zinc – 11.5 mg, iron – 9.6 mg, manganese – 2.9 mg. Microbiological studies have confirmed the compliance of the safety indicators of the developed additive with current requirements and sanitary standards Using frozen semi-finished products from Salicornia, the technology of salted curd masses with high organoleptic characteristics has been developed. Promising areas of application of Salicornia in food technologies have been formulated. It is proposed to use a dietary supplement to create food products and optimize the diet of the population in order to enrich with substances of plant origin, mineral elements, biologically active substances, to prevent and maintain the functional activity of the human body.
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Lopes M, Cavaleiro C, Ramos F. Sodium Reduction in Bread: A Role for Glasswort (Salicornia ramosissimaJ. Woods). Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2017; 16:1056-1071. [DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2017] [Revised: 05/25/2017] [Accepted: 05/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Lopes
- Pharmacy Faculty; Univ. of Coimbra; Azinhaga de Santa Comba 3000-548 Coimbra Portugal
| | - Carlos Cavaleiro
- Pharmacy Faculty, CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology; Univ. of Coimbra; Azinhaga de Santa Comba 3000-548 Coimbra Portugal
| | - Fernando Ramos
- Pharmacy Faculty, CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology; Univ. of Coimbra; Azinhaga de Santa Comba 3000-548 Coimbra Portugal
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Patel S. Salicornia: evaluating the halophytic extremophile as a food and a pharmaceutical candidate. 3 Biotech 2016; 6:104. [PMID: 28330174 PMCID: PMC4835422 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-016-0418-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2016] [Accepted: 03/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Food insecurity is a major issue in current scenario where a large section of mankind is at risk of insufficient diet. As food productivity has its limits, the prospecting of unutilized or underutilized flora as food candidates is collectively recognized as a sustainable option. In the past decade, a number of obscure plants have been identified to be rich in dietary components and deemed fit for integration into the food platter. This review discusses a candidate Salicornia, belonging to family Amaranthaceae. This halophyte has a broad geographical distribution, and phytochemical profiling has indicated its food relevance. An array of functional nutrients as fibers, polyphenols, and flavonoids have been detected in Salicornia. Though high salt, oxalate and saponin content in the plants are anti-nutrients, they can be removed to justify usage of Salicornia as a ‘sea vegetable’. Apart from culinary relevance, medicinal attributes like immunomodulatory, lipid-lowering, antiproliferative, osteoprotective, and hypoglycemic render this lesser-known marsh plant significant for phytochemical studies. This appraisal is expected to be useful towards further research and popularization of this extremophile halophyte.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seema Patel
- Bioinformatics and Medical Informatics Research Center, San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Dr, San Diego, CA, 92182, USA.
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