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Cai K, Mankar S, Ajiri T, Shirai K, Yotoriyama T. An integrated high-throughput microfluidic circulatory fluorescence-activated cell sorting system (μ-CFACS) for the enrichment of rare cells. LAB ON A CHIP 2021; 21:3112-3127. [PMID: 34286793 DOI: 10.1039/d1lc00298h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
There is an increasing need for the enrichment of rare cells in the clinical environments of precision medicine, personalized medicine, and regenerative medicine. With the possibility of becoming the next-generation cell sorters, microfluidic fluorescence-activated cell sorting (μ-FACS) devices have been developed to avoid cross-contamination, minimize device footprint, and eliminate bio-aerosols. However, due to highly precise flow control, the achievable throughput of the μ-FACS system is generally lower than the throughput of conventional FACS devices. Here, we report a fully integrated high-throughput microfluidic circulatory fluorescence-activated cell sorting (μ-CFACS) system for the enrichment of clinical rare cells. A microfluidic sorting cartridge has been developed for enriching samples through a sequential sorting process, which was further realized by the integration of both fast amplified piezoelectrically actuated on-chip valves and compact pneumatic cylinders actuated on-chip valves. At an equivalent throughput of ∼8000 events per second (eps), the purity of rare fluorescent microparticles has been significantly increased from ∼0.01% to ∼27.97%. An enrichment of ∼9400-fold from 0.009% to 81.86% has also been demonstrated for isolating fluorescently labelled MCF-7 breast cancer cells from Jurkat cells at an equivalent sorting throughput of ∼6400 eps. With the advantages of high throughput and contamination-free design, the proposed integrated μ-CFACS system provides a new option for the enrichment of clinical rare cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunpeng Cai
- Central Research Laboratories, Sysmex Corporation, 4-4-4 Takatsukadai, Nishi-ku, Kobe 651-2271, Japan.
| | - Shruti Mankar
- Central Research Laboratories, Sysmex Corporation, 4-4-4 Takatsukadai, Nishi-ku, Kobe 651-2271, Japan.
| | - Taiga Ajiri
- Central Research Laboratories, Sysmex Corporation, 4-4-4 Takatsukadai, Nishi-ku, Kobe 651-2271, Japan.
| | - Kentaro Shirai
- Central Research Laboratories, Sysmex Corporation, 4-4-4 Takatsukadai, Nishi-ku, Kobe 651-2271, Japan.
| | - Tasuku Yotoriyama
- Central Research Laboratories, Sysmex Corporation, 4-4-4 Takatsukadai, Nishi-ku, Kobe 651-2271, Japan.
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2
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Moss AC, Herr AE. In-gel fluorescence detection by DNA polymerase elongation. APL Bioeng 2020; 4:046104. [PMID: 33263097 PMCID: PMC7680656 DOI: 10.1063/5.0021149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Fluorescence-based DNA readouts are increasingly important in biological research, owing to enhanced analytical sensitivity and multiplexing capability. In this study, we characterize an in-gel polymerase elongation process to understand the reaction kinetics and transport limitations, and we evaluate DNA sequence design to develop signal amplification strategies. Using fluorescently labeled nucleotides, we scrutinize polymerase elongation on single-stranded overhangs of DNA immobilized in polyacrylamide hydrogels. When polymerase elongation reactions were carried out with reactants diffused into the gels, we observed reaction completion after 2 h, indicating that the process was efficient but much slower than that predicted by models. Confocal microscopy revealed a nonuniform post-reaction fluorescence profile of the elongated DNA throughout the depth of the gel and that the time for complete fluorescence penetration was proportional to the immobilized DNA concentration. These observations suggest retarded diffusion of the polymerase, attributable to interactions between diffusing polymerase and immobilized DNA. This study will ultimately inform assay design by providing insight into the reaction completion time to ensure spatial uniformity of the fluorescence signal. In agreement with our hypothesis that incorporation of multiple labeled nucleotides per DNA strand results in an increased signal, incorporation of four labeled nucleotides resulted in a 2.3-fold increase in fluorescence intensity over one labeled nucleotide. Our results further suggest that the fluorescence signal increases with spacing between labeled nucleotides, validating the number of and spacing between labeled nucleotides as tunable parameters for signal amplification. In-gel polymerase-based fluorescence readout is promising for signal amplification when considering both transport limitations and DNA sequence design.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Amy E. Herr
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed:
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3
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Cai K, Mankar S, Maslova A, Ajiri T, Yotoriyama T. Amplified piezoelectrically actuated on-chip flow switching for a rapid and stable microfluidic fluorescence activated cell sorter. RSC Adv 2020; 10:40395-40405. [PMID: 35520855 PMCID: PMC9057478 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra04919k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 10/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
With the potential to avoid cross-contamination, eliminate bio-aerosols, and minimize device footprints, microfluidic fluorescence-activated cell sorting (μ-FACS) devices could become the platform for the next generation cell sorter. Here, we report an on-chip flow switching based μ-FACS mechanism with piezoelectric actuation as a fast and robust sorting solution. A microfluidic chip with bifurcate configuration and displacement amplified piezoelectric microvalves has been developed to build the μ-FACS system. Rare fluorescent microparticles of different sizes have been significantly enriched from a purity of ∼0.5% to more than 90%. An enrichment of 150-fold from ∼0.6% to ∼91% has also been confirmed for fluorescently labeled MCF-7 breast cancer cells from Jurkat cells, while viability after sorting was maintained. Taking advantage of its simple structure, low cost, fast response, and reliable flow regulation, the proposed μ-FACS system delivers a new option that can meet the requirements of sorting performance, target selectivity, device lifetime, and cost-effectiveness of implementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunpeng Cai
- Central Research Laboratories, Sysmex Corporation 4-4-4 Takatsukadai, Nishi-ku Kobe 651-2271 Japan
| | - Shruti Mankar
- Central Research Laboratories, Sysmex Corporation 4-4-4 Takatsukadai, Nishi-ku Kobe 651-2271 Japan
| | - Anastasia Maslova
- Central Research Laboratories, Sysmex Corporation 4-4-4 Takatsukadai, Nishi-ku Kobe 651-2271 Japan
| | - Taiga Ajiri
- Central Research Laboratories, Sysmex Corporation 4-4-4 Takatsukadai, Nishi-ku Kobe 651-2271 Japan
| | - Tasuku Yotoriyama
- Central Research Laboratories, Sysmex Corporation 4-4-4 Takatsukadai, Nishi-ku Kobe 651-2271 Japan
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4
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Sarma M, Lee J, Ma S, Li S, Lu C. A diffusion-based microfluidic device for single-cell RNA-seq. LAB ON A CHIP 2019; 19:1247-1256. [PMID: 30815639 PMCID: PMC6459606 DOI: 10.1039/c8lc00967h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Microfluidic devices provide a low-input and efficient platform for single-cell RNA-seq (scRNA-seq). Existing microfluidic devices have a complicated multi-chambered structure for handling the multi-step process involved in RNA-seq and dilution between steps is used to negate the inhibitory effects among reagents. This makes the device difficult to fabricate and operate. Here we present microfluidic diffusion-based RNA-seq (MID-RNA-seq) for conducting scRNA-seq with a diffusion-based reagent swapping scheme. This device incorporates cell trapping, lysis, reverse transcription and PCR amplification all in one simple microfluidic device. MID-RNA-seq provides high data quality that is comparable to existing scRNA-seq methods while implementing a simple device design that permits multiplexing. The robustness and scalability of the MID-RNA-seq device will be important for transcriptomic studies of scarce cell samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mimosa Sarma
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA
| | - Jiyoung Lee
- The Interdisciplinary PhD Program in Genetics, Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA
| | - Sai Ma
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Mechanics, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA
| | - Song Li
- Department of Crop and Soil Environmental Science, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA
| | - Chang Lu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA
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5
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Pham QL, Tong NAN, Mathew A, Basuray S, Voronov RS. A compact low-cost low-maintenance open architecture mask aligner for fabrication of multilayer microfluidics devices. BIOMICROFLUIDICS 2018; 12:044119. [PMID: 30174777 PMCID: PMC6105338 DOI: 10.1063/1.5035282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2018] [Accepted: 07/31/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
A custom-built mask aligner (CBMA), which fundamentally covers all the key features of a commercial mask aligner, while being low cost and light weight and having low power consumption and high accuracy, is constructed. The CBMA is composed of a custom high fidelity light emitting diode light source, a vacuum chuck, a mask holder, high-precision translation and rotation stages, and high resolution digital microscopes. The total cost of the system is under $7500, which is over ten times cheaper than a comparable commercial system. It produces a collimated ultraviolet illumination of 1.8-2.0 mW cm-2 over an area of a standard 4-in. wafer, at the plane of photoresist exposure, and the alignment accuracy is characterized to be <3 μm, which is sufficient for most microfluidic applications. Moreover, this manuscript provides detailed descriptions of the procedures needed to fabricate multilayered master molds using our CBMA. Finally, the capabilities of the CBMA are demonstrated by fabricating two- and three-layer masters for micro-scale devices, commonly encountered in biomicrofluidic applications. The former is a flow-free chemical gradient generator, and the latter is an addressable microfluidic stencil. Scanning electron microscopy is used to confirm that the master molds contain the intended features of different heights.
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Affiliation(s)
- Q. L. Pham
- Otto H. York Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, New Jersey 07102, USA
| | - N. A. N. Tong
- Otto H. York Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, New Jersey 07102, USA
| | - A. Mathew
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, New Jersey 07102, USA
| | - S. Basuray
- Otto H. York Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, New Jersey 07102, USA
| | - R. S. Voronov
- Otto H. York Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, New Jersey 07102, USA
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6
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Sun C, Lu C. Microfluidics-Based Chromosome Conformation Capture (3C) Technology for Examining Chromatin Organization with a Low Quantity of Cells. Anal Chem 2018; 90:3714-3719. [PMID: 29498513 PMCID: PMC5861017 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.8b00310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Detecting three-dimensional (3D) genome organization in the form of physical interactions between various genomic loci is of great importance for understanding transcriptional regulations and cellular fate. Chromosome Conformation Capture (3C) method is the gold standard for examining chromatin organization, but usually requires a large number of cells (>107). This hinders studies of scarce tissue samples from animals and patients using the method. Here we developed a microfluidics-based approach for examining chromosome conformation by 3C technology. Critical 3C steps, such as digestion and religation of BAC DNA and cross-linked chromatin, were implemented on a microfluidic chip using a low quantity of cells (<104). Using this technology, we analyzed the chromatin looping interactions in the human β-globin. We envision that our method will provide a powerful tool for low-input analysis of chromosome conformation and epigenetic regulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Sun
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Mechanics, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, 24061, USA
| | - Chang Lu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, 24061, USA
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8
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Ma S, de la Fuente Revenga M, Sun Z, Sun C, Murphy TW, Xie H, González-Maeso J, Lu C. Cell-type-specific brain methylomes profiled via ultralow-input microfluidics. Nat Biomed Eng 2018; 2:183-194. [PMID: 29963329 PMCID: PMC6023403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Methylomic analyses typically require substantial amounts of DNA, thus hindering studies involving scarce samples. Here, we show that microfluidic diffusion-based reduced representative bisulfite sequencing (MID-RRBS) permits high-quality methylomic profiling with nanogram-to-single-cell quantities of starting DNA. We used the microfluidic device, which allows for efficient bisulfite conversion with high DNA recovery, to analyse genome-wide DNA methylation in cell nuclei isolated from mouse brains and sorted into NeuN+ (primarily neuronal) and NeuN- (primarily glial) fractions, and to establish cell-type-specific methylomes. Genome-wide methylation and methylation in low-CpG-density promoter regions showed distinct patterns for NeuN+ and NeuN- fractions from the mouse cerebellum. The identification of substantial variations in the methylomic landscapes of the NeuN+ fraction of the frontal cortex of mice chronically treated with an atypical antipsychotic drug suggests that this technology can be broadly used for cell-type-specific drug profiling and for the study of drug-methylome interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sai Ma
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Mechanics, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - Mario de la Fuente Revenga
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
| | - Zhixiong Sun
- Department of Biological Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - Chen Sun
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Mechanics, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - Travis W. Murphy
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - Hehuang Xie
- Department of Biological Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA,Biocomplexity Institute of Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA,Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - Javier González-Maeso
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
| | - Chang Lu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA,Corresponding author (C.L.):
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Ma Z, Zhou Y, Collins DJ, Ai Y. Fluorescence activated cell sorting via a focused traveling surface acoustic beam. LAB ON A CHIP 2017; 17:3176-3185. [PMID: 28815231 DOI: 10.1039/c7lc00678k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Fluorescence activated cell sorting (FACS) has become an essential technique widely exploited in biological studies and clinical applications. However, current FACS systems are quite complex, expensive, bulky, and pose potential sample contamination and biosafety issues due to the generation of aerosols in an open environment. Microfluidic technology capable of precise cell manipulation has great potential to reinvent and miniaturize conventional FACS systems. In this work, we demonstrate a benchtop scale FACS system that makes use of a highly focused traveling surface acoustic wave beam to sort out micron-sized particles and biological cells upon fluorescence interrogation at ∼kHz rates. The highly focused acoustic wave beam has a width of ∼50 μm that enables highly accurate sorting of individual particles and cells. We have applied our acoustic FACS system to isolate fluorescently labeled MCF-7 breast cancer cells from diluted whole blood samples with the purity of sorted MCF-7 cells higher than 86%. The cell viability before and after acoustic sorting is higher than 95%, indicating excellent biocompatibility that should enable a variety of cell sorting applications in biomedical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhichao Ma
- Pillar of Engineering Product Development, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Singapore 487372, Singapore.
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10
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Peters C, Wolff L, Haase S, Thien J, Brands T, Koß HJ, Bardow A. Multicomponent diffusion coefficients from microfluidics using Raman microspectroscopy. LAB ON A CHIP 2017; 17:2768-2776. [PMID: 28660976 DOI: 10.1039/c7lc00433h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Diffusion is slow. Thus, diffusion experiments are intrinsically time-consuming and laborious. Additionally, the experimental effort is multiplied for multicomponent systems as the determination of multicomponent diffusion coefficients typically requires several experiments. To reduce the experimental effort, we present the first microfluidic diffusion measurement method for multicomponent liquid systems. The measurement setup combines a microfluidic chip with Raman microspectroscopy. Excellent agreement between experimental results and literature data is achieved for the binary system cyclohexane + toluene and the ternary system 1-propanol + 1-chlorobutane + heptane. The Fick diffusion coefficients are obtained from fitting a multicomponent convection-diffusion model to the mole fractions measured in experiments. Ternary diffusion coefficients can be obtained from a single experiment; high accuracy is already obtained from two experiments. Advantages of the presented measurement method are thus short measurement times, reduced sample consumption, and less experiments for the determination of a multicomponent diffusion coefficient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Peters
- Chair of Technical Thermodynamics, RWTH Aachen University, 52056 Aachen, Germany.
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11
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Ma S, Murphy TW, Lu C. Microfluidics for genome-wide studies involving next generation sequencing. BIOMICROFLUIDICS 2017; 11:021501. [PMID: 28396707 PMCID: PMC5346105 DOI: 10.1063/1.4978426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2017] [Accepted: 02/16/2017] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Next-generation sequencing (NGS) has revolutionized how molecular biology studies are conducted. Its decreasing cost and increasing throughput permit profiling of genomic, transcriptomic, and epigenomic features for a wide range of applications. Microfluidics has been proven to be highly complementary to NGS technology with its unique capabilities for handling small volumes of samples and providing platforms for automation, integration, and multiplexing. In this article, we review recent progress on applying microfluidics to facilitate genome-wide studies. We emphasize on several technical aspects of NGS and how they benefit from coupling with microfluidic technology. We also summarize recent efforts on developing microfluidic technology for genomic, transcriptomic, and epigenomic studies, with emphasis on single cell analysis. We envision rapid growth in these directions, driven by the needs for testing scarce primary cell samples from patients in the context of precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sai Ma
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Mechanics, Virginia Tech , Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, USA
| | - Travis W Murphy
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Virginia Tech , Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, USA
| | - Chang Lu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Virginia Tech , Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, USA
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12
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Immunomagnetic separation of tumor initiating cells by screening two surface markers. Sci Rep 2017; 7:40632. [PMID: 28074882 PMCID: PMC5225414 DOI: 10.1038/srep40632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2016] [Accepted: 12/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Isolating tumor initiating cells (TICs) often requires screening of multiple surface markers, sometimes with opposite preferences. This creates a challenge for using bead-based immunomagnetic separation (IMS) that typically enriches cells based on one abundant marker. Here, we propose a new strategy that allows isolation of CD44+/CD24− TICs by IMS involving both magnetic beads coated by anti-CD44 antibody and nonmagnetic beads coated by anti-CD24 antibody (referred to as two-bead IMS). Cells enriched with our approach showed significant enhancement in TIC marker expression (examined by flow cytometry) and improved tumorsphere formation efficiency. Our method will extend the application of IMS to cell subsets characterized by multiple markers.
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13
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Ahrberg CD, Manz A, Chung BG. Polymerase chain reaction in microfluidic devices. LAB ON A CHIP 2016; 16:3866-3884. [PMID: 27713993 DOI: 10.1039/c6lc00984k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
The invention of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) has caused a revolution in molecular biology, giving access to a method of amplifying deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) molecules across several orders of magnitude. Since the first application of PCR in a microfluidic device was developed in 1998, an increasing number of researchers have continued the development of microfluidic PCR systems. In this review, we introduce recent developments in microfluidic-based space and time domain devices as well as discuss various designs integrated with multiple functions for sample preparation and detection. The development of isothermal nucleic acid amplification and digital PCR microfluidic devices within the last five years is also highlighted. Furthermore, we introduce various commercial microfluidic PCR devices.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Andreas Manz
- Microfluidics group, KIST-Europe, Saarbrücken, Germany and Mechanotronics Department, Universität des Saarlandes, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Bong Geun Chung
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sogang University, Seoul, Korea.
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14
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Jonczyk R, Kurth T, Lavrentieva A, Walter JG, Scheper T, Stahl F. Living Cell Microarrays: An Overview of Concepts. MICROARRAYS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2016; 5:E11. [PMID: 27600077 PMCID: PMC5003487 DOI: 10.3390/microarrays5020011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2016] [Revised: 05/09/2016] [Accepted: 05/11/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Living cell microarrays are a highly efficient cellular screening system. Due to the low number of cells required per spot, cell microarrays enable the use of primary and stem cells and provide resolution close to the single-cell level. Apart from a variety of conventional static designs, microfluidic microarray systems have also been established. An alternative format is a microarray consisting of three-dimensional cell constructs ranging from cell spheroids to cells encapsulated in hydrogel. These systems provide an in vivo-like microenvironment and are preferably used for the investigation of cellular physiology, cytotoxicity, and drug screening. Thus, many different high-tech microarray platforms are currently available. Disadvantages of many systems include their high cost, the requirement of specialized equipment for their manufacture, and the poor comparability of results between different platforms. In this article, we provide an overview of static, microfluidic, and 3D cell microarrays. In addition, we describe a simple method for the printing of living cell microarrays on modified microscope glass slides using standard DNA microarray equipment available in most laboratories. Applications in research and diagnostics are discussed, e.g., the selective and sensitive detection of biomarkers. Finally, we highlight current limitations and the future prospects of living cell microarrays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Jonczyk
- Institute of Technical Chemistry, Leibniz University of Hannover, Callinstr. 5, Hannover 30167, Germany.
| | - Tracy Kurth
- Institute of Technical Chemistry, Leibniz University of Hannover, Callinstr. 5, Hannover 30167, Germany.
| | - Antonina Lavrentieva
- Institute of Technical Chemistry, Leibniz University of Hannover, Callinstr. 5, Hannover 30167, Germany.
| | - Johanna-Gabriela Walter
- Institute of Technical Chemistry, Leibniz University of Hannover, Callinstr. 5, Hannover 30167, Germany.
| | - Thomas Scheper
- Institute of Technical Chemistry, Leibniz University of Hannover, Callinstr. 5, Hannover 30167, Germany.
| | - Frank Stahl
- Institute of Technical Chemistry, Leibniz University of Hannover, Callinstr. 5, Hannover 30167, Germany.
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15
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Ma S, Bryson BD, Sun C, Fortune SM, Lu C. RNA Extraction from a Mycobacterium under Ultrahigh Electric Field Intensity in a Microfluidic Device. Anal Chem 2016; 88:5053-7. [PMID: 27081872 PMCID: PMC4872636 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.6b00381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Studies of transcriptomes are critical for understanding gene expression. Release of RNA molecules from cells is typically the first step for transcriptomic analysis. Effective cell lysis approaches that completely release intracellular materials are in high demand especially for cells that are structurally robust. In this report, we demonstrate a microfluidic electric lysis device that is effective for mRNA extraction from mycobacteria that have hydrophobic and waxy cell walls. We used a packed bed of microscale silica beads to filter M. smegmatis out of the suspension. 4000-8000 V/cm field intensity was used to lyse M. smegmatis with long pulses (i.e., up to 30 pulses that were 5 s long each). Our quantitative reverse transcription (qRT)-PCR results showed that our method yielded a factor of 10-20 higher extraction efficiency than the current state-of-the-art method (bead beating). We conclude that our electric lysis technique is an effective approach for mRNA release from hard-to-lyse cells and highly compatible with microfluidic molecular assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sai Ma
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Mechanics, Virginia Tech , Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
| | - Bryan D Bryson
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard School of Public Health , Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Chen Sun
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Mechanics, Virginia Tech , Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
| | - Sarah M Fortune
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard School of Public Health , Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Chang Lu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Virginia Tech , Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
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16
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Li R, Lv X, Zhang X, Saeed O, Deng Y. Microfluidics for cell-cell interactions: A review. Front Chem Sci Eng 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s11705-015-1550-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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17
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Nawaz AA, Chen Y, Nama N, Nissly RH, Ren L, Ozcelik A, Wang L, McCoy JP, Levine SJ, Huang TJ. Acoustofluidic Fluorescence Activated Cell Sorter. Anal Chem 2015; 87:12051-8. [PMID: 26331909 PMCID: PMC4888785 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.5b02398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Selective isolation of cell subpopulations with defined biological characteristics is crucial for many biological studies and clinical applications. In this work, we present the development of an acoustofluidic fluorescence activated cell sorting (FACS) device that simultaneously performs on-demand, high-throughput, high-resolution cell detection and sorting, integrated onto a single chip. Our acoustofluidic FACS device uses the "microfluidic drifting" technique to precisely focus cells/particles three dimensionally and achieves a flow of single-file particles/cells as they pass through a laser interrogation region. We then utilize short bursts (150 μs) of standing surface acoustic waves (SSAW) triggered by an electronic feedback system to sort fluorescently labeled particles/cells with desired biological properties. We have demonstrated continuous isolation of fluorescently labeled HeLa cells from unlabeled cells at a throughput of ∼1200 events/s with a purity reaching 92.3 ± 3.39%. Furthermore, 99.18% postsort cell viability indicates that our acoustofluidic sorting technique maintains a high integrity of cells. Therefore, our integrated acoustofluidic FACS device is demonstrated to achieve two-way cell sorting with high purity, biocompatibility, and biosafety. We believe that our device has significant potential for use as a low-cost, high-performance, portable, and user-friendly FACS instrument.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Ahsan Nawaz
- Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
- School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering (SMME), National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Islamabad H-12, Pakistan
| | - Yuchao Chen
- Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Nitesh Nama
- Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Ruth Helmus Nissly
- Microscopy and Cytometry Facility, The Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Liqiang Ren
- Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Adem Ozcelik
- Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Lin Wang
- Ascent Bio-Nano Technologies Inc., State College, Pennsylvania 16801, United States
| | - J. Philip McCoy
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI), NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, United States
| | - Stewart J. Levine
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI), NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, United States
| | - Tony Jun Huang
- Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
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18
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Kazemzadeh A, Ganesan P, Ibrahim F, Kulinsky L, Madou MJ. Guided routing on spinning microfluidic platforms. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra14397c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A robust two stage passive microvalve is devised that can be used for (a) changing the flow direction continuously from one direction to another, and (b) liquid/particle distribution in centrifugal microfluidics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amin Kazemzadeh
- Department of Mechanical Engineering
- Faculty of Engineering
- University of Malaya
- Kuala Lumpur
- Malaysia
| | - P. Ganesan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering
- Faculty of Engineering
- University of Malaya
- Kuala Lumpur
- Malaysia
| | - Fatimah Ibrahim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering
- Faculty of Engineering
- University of Malaya
- Kuala Lumpur
- Malaysia
| | - Lawrence Kulinsky
- Department of Biomedical Engineering
- University of California
- Irvine
- USA
| | - Marc J. Madou
- Department of Biomedical Engineering
- University of California
- Irvine
- USA
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering
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