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Leser M, Chapman JR, Khine M, Pegan J, Law M, Makkaoui ME, Ueberheide BM, Brenowitz M. Chemical Generation of Hydroxyl Radical for Oxidative 'Footprinting'. Protein Pept Lett 2019; 26:61-69. [PMID: 30543161 DOI: 10.2174/0929866526666181212164812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2018] [Revised: 08/21/2018] [Accepted: 10/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND For almost four decades, hydroxyl radical chemically generated by Fenton chemistry has been a mainstay for the oxidative 'footprinting' of macromolecules. OBJECTIVE In this article, we start by reviewing the application of chemical generation of hydroxyl radical to the development of oxidative footprinting of DNA and RNA and the subsequent application of the method to oxidative footprinting of proteins. We next discuss a novel strategy for generating hydroxyl radicals by Fenton chemistry that immobilizes catalytic iron on a solid surface (Pyrite Shrink Wrap laminate) for the application of nucleic acid and protein footprinting. METHOD Pyrite Shrink-Wrap Laminate is fabricated by depositing pyrite (Fe-S2, aka 'fool's gold') nanocrystals onto thermolabile plastic (Shrinky Dink). The laminate can be thermoformed into a microtiter plate format into which samples are deposited for oxidation. RESULTS We demonstrate the utility of the Pyrite Shrink-Wrap Laminate for the chemical generation of hydroxyl radicals by mapping the surface of the T-cell co-stimulatory protein Programmed Death - 1 (PD-1) and the interface of the complex with its ligand PD-L1. CONCLUSION We have developed and validated an affordable and reliable benchtop method of hydroxyl radical generation that will broaden the application of protein oxidative footprinting. Due to the minimal equipment required to implement this method, it should be easily adaptable by many laboratories with access to mass spectrometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Micheal Leser
- Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States
| | - Jessica R Chapman
- Proteomics Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Michelle Khine
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, CA, United States.,Department of Chemical Engineering & Materials Science, University of California, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Jonathan Pegan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Matt Law
- Department of Chemical Engineering & Materials Science, University of California, Irvine, CA, United States.,Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Mohammed El Makkaoui
- Department of Chemical Engineering & Materials Science, University of California, Irvine, CA, United States.,Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Beatrix M Ueberheide
- Proteomics Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Michael Brenowitz
- Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States
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Khalid S, Ahmed E, Khan Y, Riaz KN, Malik MA. Nanocrystalline Pyrite for Photovoltaic Applications. ChemistrySelect 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201800405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sadia Khalid
- Department of PhysicsBahauddin Zakariya University Multan 60800 Pakistan
- Nanoscience & Technology DepartmentNational Centre for Physics Shahdra Valley Road Quaid-i-Azam University Campus Islamabad 45320 Pakistan
| | - Ejaz Ahmed
- Department of PhysicsBahauddin Zakariya University Multan 60800 Pakistan
| | - Yaqoob Khan
- Nanoscience & Technology DepartmentNational Centre for Physics Shahdra Valley Road Quaid-i-Azam University Campus Islamabad 45320 Pakistan
| | - Khalid Nadeem Riaz
- Department of PhysicsFaculty of SciencesUniversity of Gujrat Hafiz Hayat Campus Gujrat 50700 Pakistan
| | - Mohammad Azad Malik
- School of MaterialsThe University of Manchester Oxford Road Manchester M13 9PL U.K
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Gabardo CM, Adams-McGavin RC, Fung BC, Mahoney EJ, Fang Q, Soleymani L. Rapid prototyping of all-solution-processed multi-lengthscale electrodes using polymer-induced thin film wrinkling. Sci Rep 2017; 7:42543. [PMID: 28211898 PMCID: PMC5304207 DOI: 10.1038/srep42543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2016] [Accepted: 01/09/2017] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Three-dimensional electrodes that are controllable over multiple lengthscales are very important for use in bioanalytical systems that integrate solid-phase devices with solution-phase samples. Here we present a fabrication method based on all-solution-processing and thin film wrinkling using smart polymers that is ideal for rapid prototyping of tunable three-dimensional electrodes and is extendable to large volume manufacturing. Although all-solution-processing is an attractive alternative to vapor-based techniques for low-cost manufacturing of electrodes, it often results in films suffering from low conductivity and poor substrate adhesion. These limitations are addressed here by using a smart polymer to create a conformal layer of overlapping wrinkles on the substrate to shorten the current path and embed the conductor onto the polymer layer. The structural evolution of these wrinkled electrodes, deposited by electroless deposition onto a nanoparticle seed layer, is studied at varying deposition times to understand its effects on structural parameters such as porosity, wrinkle wavelength and height. Furthermore, the effect of structural parameters on functional properties such as electro-active surface area and surface-enhanced Raman scattering is investigated. It is found that wrinkling of electroless-deposited thin films can be used to reduce sheet resistance, increase surface area, and enhance the surface-enhanced Raman scattering signal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine M. Gabardo
- McMaster University, School of Biomedical Engineering, Hamilton, L8S 4L7, Canada
| | | | - Barnabas C. Fung
- McMaster University, Department of Engineering Physics, Hamilton, L8S 4L7, Canada
| | - Eric J. Mahoney
- McMaster University, School of Biomedical Engineering, Hamilton, L8S 4L7, Canada
| | - Qiyin Fang
- McMaster University, School of Biomedical Engineering, Hamilton, L8S 4L7, Canada
- McMaster University, Department of Engineering Physics, Hamilton, L8S 4L7, Canada
| | - Leyla Soleymani
- McMaster University, School of Biomedical Engineering, Hamilton, L8S 4L7, Canada
- McMaster University, Department of Engineering Physics, Hamilton, L8S 4L7, Canada
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Lejeune E, Javili A, Linder C. Understanding geometric instabilities in thin films via a multi-layer model. SOFT MATTER 2016; 12:806-816. [PMID: 26536391 DOI: 10.1039/c5sm02082d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
When a thin stiff film adhered to a compliant substrate is subject to compressive stresses, the film will experience a geometric instability and buckle out of plane. For high film/substrate stiffness ratios with relatively low levels of strain, the primary mode of instability will either be wrinkling or buckling delamination depending on the material and geometric properties of the system. Previous works approach these systems by treating the film and substrate as homogenous layers, either consistently perfectly attached, or perfectly unattached at interfacial flaws. However, this approach neglects systems where the film and substrate are uniformly weakly attached or where interfacial layers due to surface modifications in either the film or substrate are present. Here we demonstrate a method for accounting for these additional thin surface layers via an analytical solution verified by numerical results. The main outcome of this work is an improved understanding of how these layers influence global behavior. We demonstrate the utility of our model with applications ranging from buckling based metrology in ultrathin films, to an improved understanding of the formation of a novel surface in carbon nanotube bio-interface films. Moving forward, this model can be used to interpret experimental results, particularly for systems which deviate from traditional behavior, and aid in the evaluation and design of future film/substrate systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Lejeune
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
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Greco F, Bellacicca A, Gemmi M, Cappello V, Mattoli V, Milani P. Conducting shrinkable nanocomposite based on au-nanoparticle implanted plastic sheet: tunable thermally induced surface wrinkling. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2015; 7:7060-5. [PMID: 25811100 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5b00825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
A thermally shrinkable and conductive nanocomposite material is prepared by supersonic cluster beam implantation (SCBI) of neutral Au nanoparticles (Au NPs) into a commercially available thermo-retractable polystyrene (PS) sheet. Micronanowrinkling is obtained during shrinking, which is studied by means of SEM, TEM and AFM imaging. Characteristic periodicity is determined and correlated with nanoparticle implantation dose, which permits us to tune the topographic pattern. Remarkable differences emerged with respect to the well-known case of wrinkling of bilayer metal-polymer. Wrinkled composite surfaces are characterized by a peculiar multiscale structuring that promises potential technological applications in the field of catalytic surfaces, sensors, biointerfaces, and optics, among others.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Greco
- †Center for Micro-BioRobotics @SSSA, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Viale Rinaldo Piaggio 34, 56025 Pontedera, Italy
| | - Andrea Bellacicca
- ‡CIMAINA and Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Celoria 16, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Mauro Gemmi
- §Center for Nanotechnology Innovation@NEST, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Piazza San Silvestro 12, 56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - Valentina Cappello
- §Center for Nanotechnology Innovation@NEST, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Piazza San Silvestro 12, 56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - Virgilio Mattoli
- †Center for Micro-BioRobotics @SSSA, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Viale Rinaldo Piaggio 34, 56025 Pontedera, Italy
| | - Paolo Milani
- ‡CIMAINA and Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Celoria 16, 20133 Milano, Italy
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