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Screpis GA, Aleo A, Privitera N, Capuano GE, Farina R, Corso D, Libertino S, Coniglio MA. Biosensing Technologies for Detecting Legionella in Environmental Samples: A Systematic Review. Microorganisms 2024; 12:1855. [PMID: 39338529 PMCID: PMC11434302 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12091855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2024] [Revised: 08/31/2024] [Accepted: 09/05/2024] [Indexed: 09/30/2024] Open
Abstract
The detection of Legionella in environmental samples, such as water, is crucial for public health monitoring and outbreak prevention. Although effective, traditional detection methods, including culture-based techniques and polymerase chain reaction, have limitations such as long processing times, trained operators, and the need for specialized laboratory equipment. Biosensing technologies offer a promising alternative due to their rapid, sensitive, cost-effectiveness, and on-site detection capabilities. To summarize the current advancements in biosensor development for detecting Legionella in environmental samples, we used 'Legionella' AND 'biosensors' NEAR 'environmental samples' OR 'water' as keywords searching through the most relevant biomedical databases for research articles. After removing duplicates and inadequate articles from the n.1268 records identified using the PRISMA methodology exclusion criteria, we selected n.65 full-text articles which suited the inclusion criteria. Different results between the studies describing the current biosensing techniques, including optical, electrochemical, magnetic, and mass-sensitive sensors were observed. For each biosensing technique, sensitivity, specificity, and detection limits were evaluated. Furthermore, the integration of nanomaterials, microfluidics, and portable devices in biosensor systems' design were discussed, highlighting their role in enhancing detection performance. The potential challenges and future directions in the field of Legionella biosensing were also addressed, providing insights into the feasibility of implementing these technologies in routine environmental monitoring. Undoubtedly, biosensors can play a crucial role in the early detection and management of Legionella infections and outbreaks, ultimately protecting public health and safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Andrea Screpis
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies “G.F. Ingrassia”, University of Catania, Via S. Sofia 87, 95123 Catania, Italy; (G.A.S.); (A.A.); (N.P.); (M.A.C.)
| | - Andrea Aleo
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies “G.F. Ingrassia”, University of Catania, Via S. Sofia 87, 95123 Catania, Italy; (G.A.S.); (A.A.); (N.P.); (M.A.C.)
| | - Natalia Privitera
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies “G.F. Ingrassia”, University of Catania, Via S. Sofia 87, 95123 Catania, Italy; (G.A.S.); (A.A.); (N.P.); (M.A.C.)
| | - Giuseppe Emanuele Capuano
- Institute for Microelectronics and Microsystems (CNR—IMM), HQ, National Research Council of Italy, VIII Street Z.I., 5, 95121 Catania, Italy; (D.C.); (S.L.)
| | - Roberta Farina
- Institute for Microelectronics and Microsystems (CNR—IMM), HQ, National Research Council of Italy, VIII Street Z.I., 5, 95121 Catania, Italy; (D.C.); (S.L.)
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Catania, Viale Andrea Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Domenico Corso
- Institute for Microelectronics and Microsystems (CNR—IMM), HQ, National Research Council of Italy, VIII Street Z.I., 5, 95121 Catania, Italy; (D.C.); (S.L.)
| | - Sebania Libertino
- Institute for Microelectronics and Microsystems (CNR—IMM), HQ, National Research Council of Italy, VIII Street Z.I., 5, 95121 Catania, Italy; (D.C.); (S.L.)
| | - Maria Anna Coniglio
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies “G.F. Ingrassia”, University of Catania, Via S. Sofia 87, 95123 Catania, Italy; (G.A.S.); (A.A.); (N.P.); (M.A.C.)
- Institute for Microelectronics and Microsystems (CNR—IMM), HQ, National Research Council of Italy, VIII Street Z.I., 5, 95121 Catania, Italy; (D.C.); (S.L.)
- Regional Reference Laboratory of Clinical and Environmental Surveillance of Legionellosis, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Policlinico “G. Rodolico-San Marco”, Via S. Sofia 78, 95123 Catania, Italy
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Tsougeni K, Kanioura A, Kastania AS, Ellinas K, Stellas A, Constantoudis V, Moschonas G, Andritsos ND, Velonakis M, Petrou PS, Kakabakos SE, Gogolides E, Tserepi A. A Diagnostic Chip for the Colorimetric Detection of Legionella pneumophila in Less than 3 h at the Point of Need. BIOSENSORS 2024; 14:228. [PMID: 38785702 PMCID: PMC11118137 DOI: 10.3390/bios14050228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Revised: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Legionella pneumophila has been pinpointed by the World Health Organization as the highest health burden of all waterborne pathogens in the European Union and is responsible for many disease outbreaks around the globe. Today, standard analysis methods (based on bacteria culturing onto agar plates) need several days (~12) in specialized analytical laboratories to yield results, not allowing for timely actions to prevent outbreaks. Over the last decades, great efforts have been made to develop more efficient waterborne pathogen diagnostics and faster analysis methods, requiring further advancement of microfluidics and sensors for simple, rapid, accurate, inexpensive, real-time, and on-site methods. Herein, a lab-on-a-chip device integrating sample preparation by accommodating bacteria capture, lysis, and DNA isothermal amplification with fast (less than 3 h) and highly sensitive, colorimetric end-point detection of L. pneumophila in water samples is presented, for use at the point of need. The method is based on the selective capture of viable bacteria on on-chip-immobilized and -lyophilized antibodies, lysis, the loop-mediated amplification (LAMP) of DNA, and end-point detection by a color change, observable by the naked eye and semiquantified by computational image analysis. Competitive advantages are demonstrated, such as low reagent consumption, portability and disposability, color change, storage at RT, and compliance with current legislation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katerina Tsougeni
- Nanoplasmas P.C., “Lefkippos” Technology Park, Patriarchou Gregoriou E’ & 27 Neapoleos Str., P.O. Box 60037, Ag. Paraskevi, 153 41 Athens, Greece; (K.T.); (A.S.K.); (K.E.); (P.S.P.); (S.E.K.); (E.G.)
| | - Anastasia Kanioura
- Nanoplasmas P.C., “Lefkippos” Technology Park, Patriarchou Gregoriou E’ & 27 Neapoleos Str., P.O. Box 60037, Ag. Paraskevi, 153 41 Athens, Greece; (K.T.); (A.S.K.); (K.E.); (P.S.P.); (S.E.K.); (E.G.)
| | - Athina S. Kastania
- Nanoplasmas P.C., “Lefkippos” Technology Park, Patriarchou Gregoriou E’ & 27 Neapoleos Str., P.O. Box 60037, Ag. Paraskevi, 153 41 Athens, Greece; (K.T.); (A.S.K.); (K.E.); (P.S.P.); (S.E.K.); (E.G.)
- National Centre for Scientific Research “Demokritos”, Patriarchou Gregoriou E’ & 27 Neapoleos Str., Ag. Paraskevi, 153 41 Athens, Greece;
| | - Kosmas Ellinas
- Nanoplasmas P.C., “Lefkippos” Technology Park, Patriarchou Gregoriou E’ & 27 Neapoleos Str., P.O. Box 60037, Ag. Paraskevi, 153 41 Athens, Greece; (K.T.); (A.S.K.); (K.E.); (P.S.P.); (S.E.K.); (E.G.)
| | - Antonios Stellas
- Nanometrisis P.C., “Lefkippos” Technology Park, Patriarchou Gregoriou E’ & 27 Neapoleos Str., P.O. Box 60037, Ag. Paraskevi, 153 41 Athens, Greece
| | - Vassilios Constantoudis
- National Centre for Scientific Research “Demokritos”, Patriarchou Gregoriou E’ & 27 Neapoleos Str., Ag. Paraskevi, 153 41 Athens, Greece;
- Nanometrisis P.C., “Lefkippos” Technology Park, Patriarchou Gregoriou E’ & 27 Neapoleos Str., P.O. Box 60037, Ag. Paraskevi, 153 41 Athens, Greece
| | - Galatios Moschonas
- Eurofins Athens Analysis Laboratories, 29 Nafpliou Str., Metamorfosi, 144 52 Athens, Greece; (G.M.); (N.D.A.)
| | - Nikolaos D. Andritsos
- Eurofins Athens Analysis Laboratories, 29 Nafpliou Str., Metamorfosi, 144 52 Athens, Greece; (G.M.); (N.D.A.)
| | - Manolis Velonakis
- Eurofins Athens Analysis Laboratories, 29 Nafpliou Str., Metamorfosi, 144 52 Athens, Greece; (G.M.); (N.D.A.)
| | - Panagiota S. Petrou
- Nanoplasmas P.C., “Lefkippos” Technology Park, Patriarchou Gregoriou E’ & 27 Neapoleos Str., P.O. Box 60037, Ag. Paraskevi, 153 41 Athens, Greece; (K.T.); (A.S.K.); (K.E.); (P.S.P.); (S.E.K.); (E.G.)
- National Centre for Scientific Research “Demokritos”, Patriarchou Gregoriou E’ & 27 Neapoleos Str., Ag. Paraskevi, 153 41 Athens, Greece;
| | - Sotirios E. Kakabakos
- Nanoplasmas P.C., “Lefkippos” Technology Park, Patriarchou Gregoriou E’ & 27 Neapoleos Str., P.O. Box 60037, Ag. Paraskevi, 153 41 Athens, Greece; (K.T.); (A.S.K.); (K.E.); (P.S.P.); (S.E.K.); (E.G.)
- National Centre for Scientific Research “Demokritos”, Patriarchou Gregoriou E’ & 27 Neapoleos Str., Ag. Paraskevi, 153 41 Athens, Greece;
| | - Evangelos Gogolides
- Nanoplasmas P.C., “Lefkippos” Technology Park, Patriarchou Gregoriou E’ & 27 Neapoleos Str., P.O. Box 60037, Ag. Paraskevi, 153 41 Athens, Greece; (K.T.); (A.S.K.); (K.E.); (P.S.P.); (S.E.K.); (E.G.)
- National Centre for Scientific Research “Demokritos”, Patriarchou Gregoriou E’ & 27 Neapoleos Str., Ag. Paraskevi, 153 41 Athens, Greece;
| | - Angeliki Tserepi
- Nanoplasmas P.C., “Lefkippos” Technology Park, Patriarchou Gregoriou E’ & 27 Neapoleos Str., P.O. Box 60037, Ag. Paraskevi, 153 41 Athens, Greece; (K.T.); (A.S.K.); (K.E.); (P.S.P.); (S.E.K.); (E.G.)
- National Centre for Scientific Research “Demokritos”, Patriarchou Gregoriou E’ & 27 Neapoleos Str., Ag. Paraskevi, 153 41 Athens, Greece;
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Guo J, Brassard D, Adam N, Verster AJ, Shay JA, Miville-Godin C, Janta-Polczynski M, Ferreira J, Mounier M, Pilar AV, Tapp K, Classen A, Shiu M, Charlebois D, Petronella N, Weedmark K, Corneau N, Veres T. Automated centrifugal microfluidic system for the preparation of adaptor-ligated sequencing libraries. LAB ON A CHIP 2024; 24:182-196. [PMID: 38044704 DOI: 10.1039/d3lc00781b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
The intensive workload associated with the preparation of high-quality DNA libraries remains a key obstacle toward widespread deployment of sequencing technologies in remote and resource-limited areas. We describe the development of single-use microfluidic devices driven by an advanced pneumatic centrifugal microfluidic platform, the PowerBlade, to automate the preparation of Illumina-compatible libraries based on adaptor ligation methodology. The developed on-chip workflow includes enzymatic DNA fragmentation coupled to end-repair, adaptor ligation, first DNA cleanup, PCR amplification, and second DNA cleanup. This complex workflow was successfully integrated into simple thermoplastic microfluidic devices that are amenable to mass production with injection molding. The system was validated by preparing, on chip, libraries from a mixture of genomic DNA extracted from three common foodborne pathogens (Listeria monocytogenes, Escherichia coli and Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium) and comparing them with libraries made via a manual procedure. The two types of libraries were found to exhibit similar quality control metrics (including genome coverage, assembly, and relative abundances) and led to nearly uniform coverage independent of GC content. This microfluidic technology offers a time-saving and cost-effective alternative to manual procedures and robotic-based automation, making it suitable for deployment in remote environments where technical expertise and resources might be scarce. Specifically, it facilitates field practices that involve mid- to low-throughput sequencing, such as tasks related to foodborne pathogen detection, characterization, and microbial profiling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jimin Guo
- Medical Devices Research Center, Life Sciences Division, National Research Council of Canada, 75 de Mortagne Boulevard, Boucherville, QC, J4B 6Y4, Canada.
| | - Daniel Brassard
- Medical Devices Research Center, Life Sciences Division, National Research Council of Canada, 75 de Mortagne Boulevard, Boucherville, QC, J4B 6Y4, Canada.
| | - Nadine Adam
- Bureau of Microbial Hazards, Microbiology Research Division, Health Canada, 251 Sir Frederick Banting Driveway, Ottawa, ON, K1A 0K9, Canada.
| | - Adrian J Verster
- Bureau of Food Surveillance and Science Integration, Bioinformatics High-Capacity Computing Laboratory, Health Canada, 251 Sir Frederick Banting Driveway, Ottawa, ON, K1A 0K9, Canada
| | - Julie A Shay
- Bureau of Food Surveillance and Science Integration, Bioinformatics High-Capacity Computing Laboratory, Health Canada, 251 Sir Frederick Banting Driveway, Ottawa, ON, K1A 0K9, Canada
| | - Caroline Miville-Godin
- Medical Devices Research Center, Life Sciences Division, National Research Council of Canada, 75 de Mortagne Boulevard, Boucherville, QC, J4B 6Y4, Canada.
| | - Mojra Janta-Polczynski
- Medical Devices Research Center, Life Sciences Division, National Research Council of Canada, 75 de Mortagne Boulevard, Boucherville, QC, J4B 6Y4, Canada.
| | - Jason Ferreira
- Medical Devices Research Center, Life Sciences Division, National Research Council of Canada, 75 de Mortagne Boulevard, Boucherville, QC, J4B 6Y4, Canada.
| | - Maxence Mounier
- Medical Devices Research Center, Life Sciences Division, National Research Council of Canada, 75 de Mortagne Boulevard, Boucherville, QC, J4B 6Y4, Canada.
| | - Ana V Pilar
- Bureau of Microbial Hazards, Microbiology Research Division, Health Canada, 251 Sir Frederick Banting Driveway, Ottawa, ON, K1A 0K9, Canada.
| | - Kyle Tapp
- Bureau of Microbial Hazards, Microbiology Research Division, Health Canada, 251 Sir Frederick Banting Driveway, Ottawa, ON, K1A 0K9, Canada.
| | - Adam Classen
- Bureau of Microbial Hazards, Microbiology Research Division, Health Canada, 251 Sir Frederick Banting Driveway, Ottawa, ON, K1A 0K9, Canada.
| | - Matthew Shiu
- Medical Devices Research Center, Life Sciences Division, National Research Council of Canada, 75 de Mortagne Boulevard, Boucherville, QC, J4B 6Y4, Canada.
| | - Denis Charlebois
- Canadian Space Agency, 6767 Route de l'Aéroport, Saint-Hubert, QC J3Y 8Y9, Canada
| | - Nicholas Petronella
- Bureau of Food Surveillance and Science Integration, Bioinformatics High-Capacity Computing Laboratory, Health Canada, 251 Sir Frederick Banting Driveway, Ottawa, ON, K1A 0K9, Canada
| | - Kelly Weedmark
- Bureau of Microbial Hazards, Microbiology Research Division, Health Canada, 251 Sir Frederick Banting Driveway, Ottawa, ON, K1A 0K9, Canada.
| | - Nathalie Corneau
- Bureau of Microbial Hazards, Microbiology Research Division, Health Canada, 251 Sir Frederick Banting Driveway, Ottawa, ON, K1A 0K9, Canada.
| | - Teodor Veres
- Medical Devices Research Center, Life Sciences Division, National Research Council of Canada, 75 de Mortagne Boulevard, Boucherville, QC, J4B 6Y4, Canada.
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4
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Nemr CR, Sklavounos AA, Wheeler AR, Kelley SO. Digital microfluidics as an emerging tool for bacterial protocols. SLAS Technol 2023; 28:2-15. [PMID: 36323389 DOI: 10.1016/j.slast.2022.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Revised: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Bacteria are widely studied in various research areas, including synthetic biology, sequencing and diagnostic testing. Protocols involving bacteria are often multistep, cumbersome and require access to a long list of instruments to perform experiments. In order to streamline these processes, the fluid handling technique digital microfluidics (DMF) has provided a miniaturized platform to perform various steps of bacterial protocols from sample preparation to analysis. DMF devices can be paired/interfaced with instrumentation such as microscopes, plate readers, and incubators, demonstrating their versatility with existing research tools. Alternatively, DMF instruments can be integrated into all-in-one packages with on-chip magnetic separation for sample preparation, heating/cooling modules to perform assay steps and cameras for absorbance and/or fluorescence measurements. This perspective outlines the beneficial features DMF offers to bacterial protocols, highlights limitations of current work and proposes future directions for this tool's expansion in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carine R Nemr
- Department of Chemistry, Harvey Mudd College, 301 Platt Boulevard, Claremont, CA, 91711, USA; Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3H6, Canada.
| | - Alexandros A Sklavounos
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3H6, Canada; Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, 160 College Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3G9, Canada
| | - Aaron R Wheeler
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3H6, Canada; Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, 160 College Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3G9, Canada; Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, 164 College Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3G9, Canada
| | - Shana O Kelley
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3H6, Canada; Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, 164 College Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3G9, Canada; Department of Pharmaceutical Science, University of Toronto, 144 College Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3E5, Canada; Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
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Shen R, Lv A, Yi S, Wang P, Mak PI, Martins RP, Jia Y. Nucleic acid analysis on electrowetting-based digital microfluidics. Trends Analyt Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2022.116826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Hang Y, Boryczka J, Wu N. Visible-light and near-infrared fluorescence and surface-enhanced Raman scattering point-of-care sensing and bio-imaging: a review. Chem Soc Rev 2022; 51:329-375. [PMID: 34897302 PMCID: PMC9135580 DOI: 10.1039/c9cs00621d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
This review article deals with the concepts, principles and applications of visible-light and near-infrared (NIR) fluorescence and surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) in in vitro point-of-care testing (POCT) and in vivo bio-imaging. It has discussed how to utilize the biological transparency windows to improve the penetration depth and signal-to-noise ratio, and how to use surface plasmon resonance (SPR) to amplify fluorescence and SERS signals. This article has highlighted some plasmonic fluorescence and SERS probes. It has also reviewed the design strategies of fluorescent and SERS sensors in the detection of metal ions, small molecules, proteins and nucleic acids. Particularly, it has provided perspectives on the integration of fluorescent and SERS sensors into microfluidic chips as lab-on-chips to realize point-of-care testing. It has also discussed the design of active microfluidic devices and non-paper- or paper-based lateral flow assays for in vitro diagnostics. In addition, this article has discussed the strategies to design in vivo NIR fluorescence and SERS bio-imaging platforms for monitoring physiological processes and disease progression in live cells and tissues. Moreover, it has highlighted the applications of POCT and bio-imaging in testing toxins, heavy metals, illicit drugs, cancers, traumatic brain injuries, and infectious diseases such as COVID-19, influenza, HIV and sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingjie Hang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003-9303, USA.
| | - Jennifer Boryczka
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003-9303, USA.
| | - Nianqiang Wu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003-9303, USA.
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Sklavounos AA, Nemr CR, Kelley SO, Wheeler AR. Bacterial classification and antibiotic susceptibility testing on an integrated microfluidic platform. LAB ON A CHIP 2021; 21:4208-4222. [PMID: 34549763 DOI: 10.1039/d1lc00609f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
With the prevalence of bacterial infections and increasing levels of antibiotic resistance comes the need for rapid and accurate methods for bacterial classification (BC) and antibiotic susceptibility testing (AST). Here we demonstrate the use of the fluid handling technique digital microfluidics (DMF) for automated and simultaneous BC and AST using growth metabolic markers. Custom instrumentation was developed for this application including an integrated heating module and a machine-learning-enabled low-cost colour camera for real-time absorbance and fluorescent sample monitoring on multipurpose devices. Antibiotic dilutions along with sample handling, mixing and incubation at 37 °C were all pre-programmed and processed automatically. By monitoring the metabolism of resazurin, resorufin beta-D-glucuronide and resorufin beta-D-galactopyranoside to resorufin, BC and AST were achieved in under 18 h. AST was validated in two uropathogenic E. coli strains with antibiotics ciprofloxacin and nitrofurantoin. BC was performed independently and simultaneously with ciprofloxacin AST for E. coli, K. pneumoniae, P. mirabilis and S. aureus. Finally, a proof-of-concept multiplexed system for breakpoint testing of two antibiotics, as well as E. coli and coliform classification was investigated with a multidrug-resistant E. coli strain. All bacteria were correctly identified, while AST and breakpoint test results were in essential and category agreement with reference methods. These results show the versatility and accuracy of this all-in-one microfluidic system for analysis of bacterial growth and phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandros A Sklavounos
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Canada.
- Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, 160 College Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3G9, Canada
| | - Carine R Nemr
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Canada.
| | - Shana O Kelley
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Canada.
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, University of Toronto, 144 College Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3E5, Canada
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, 164 College Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3G9, Canada
| | - Aaron R Wheeler
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Canada.
- Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, 160 College Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3G9, Canada
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, 164 College Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3G9, Canada
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Ezenarro JJ, Párraga-Niño N, Sabrià M, Del Campo FJ, Muñoz-Pascual FX, Mas J, Uria N. Rapid Detection of Legionella pneumophila in Drinking Water, Based on Filter Immunoassay and Chronoamperometric Measurement. BIOSENSORS-BASEL 2020; 10:bios10090102. [PMID: 32825468 PMCID: PMC7558583 DOI: 10.3390/bios10090102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Revised: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Legionella is a pathogenic bacterium, ubiquitous in freshwater environments and able to colonise man-made water systems from which it can be transmitted to humans during outbreaks. The prevention of such outbreaks requires a fast, low cost, automated and often portable detection system. In this work, we present a combination of sample concentration, immunoassay detection, and measurement by chronoamperometry. A nitrocellulose microfiltration membrane is used as support for both the water sample concentration and the Legionella immunodetection. The horseradish peroxidase enzymatic label of the antibodies permits using the redox substrate 3,3′,5,5′-Tetramethylbenzidine to generate current changes proportional to the bacterial concentration present in drinking water. Carbon screen-printed electrodes are employed in the chronoamperometric measurements. Our system reduces the detection time: from the 10 days required by the conventional culture-based methods, to 2–3 h, which could be crucial to avoid outbreaks. Additionally, the system shows a linear response (R2 value of 0.99), being able to detect a range of Legionella concentrations between 101 and 104 cfu·mL−1 with a detection limit (LoD) of 4 cfu·mL−1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josune J. Ezenarro
- Departament de Genètica i Microbiologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, E-08193 Cerdanyola, Spain;
- Waterologies S.L, C/Dinamarca, 3 (nave 9), Polígon Industrial Les Comes, E-08700c Igualada, Spain
- Correspondence: (J.J.E.); (N.U.)
| | - Noemí Párraga-Niño
- Unitat de Malalties Infeccioses, Fundació Institut de Investigació Germans Trias I Pujol, E-08916 Badalona, Spain; (N.P.-N.); (M.S.)
| | - Miquel Sabrià
- Unitat de Malalties Infeccioses, Fundació Institut de Investigació Germans Trias I Pujol, E-08916 Badalona, Spain; (N.P.-N.); (M.S.)
| | - Fancisco Javier Del Campo
- Institut de Microelectrònica de Barcelona, CNM-CSIC, Esfera UAB-CEI, Campus Nord UAB, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain; (F.J.D.C.); (F.-X.M.-P.)
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, E-48013 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Francesc-Xavier Muñoz-Pascual
- Institut de Microelectrònica de Barcelona, CNM-CSIC, Esfera UAB-CEI, Campus Nord UAB, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain; (F.J.D.C.); (F.-X.M.-P.)
| | - Jordi Mas
- Departament de Genètica i Microbiologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, E-08193 Cerdanyola, Spain;
| | - Naroa Uria
- Institut de Microelectrònica de Barcelona, CNM-CSIC, Esfera UAB-CEI, Campus Nord UAB, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain; (F.J.D.C.); (F.-X.M.-P.)
- Correspondence: (J.J.E.); (N.U.)
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9
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Laribi A, Allegra S, Souiri M, Mzoughi R, Othmane A, Girardot F. Legionella pneumophila sg1-sensing signal enhancement using a novel electrochemical immunosensor in dynamic detection mode. Talanta 2020; 215:120904. [PMID: 32312449 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2020.120904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2019] [Revised: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
This work presents a comparison between static and dynamic modes of biosensing using a novel microfluidic assay for continuous and quantitative detection of Legionella pneumophila sg1 in artificial water samples. A self-assembled monolayer of 16-amino-1-hexadecanethiol (16-AHT) was covalently linked to a gold substrate, and the resulting modified surface was used to immobilize an anti-Legionella pneumophila monoclonal antibody (mAb). The modified surfaces formed during the biosensor functionalization steps were characterized using electrochemical measurements and microscopic imaging techniques. Under static conditions, the biosensor exhibited a wide linear response range from 10 to 108 CFU/mL and a detection limit of 10 CFU/mL. Using a microfluidic system, the biosensor responses exhibited a linear relationship for low bacterial concentrations ranging from 10 to 103 CFU/mL under dynamic conditions and an enhancement of sensing signals by a factor of 4.5 compared to the sensing signals obtained under static conditions with the same biosensor for the detection of Legionella cells in artificially contaminated samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahlem Laribi
- Environments, Territories, Societies (EVS) Lab, Mixed Research Unit (Jean Monnet University - French National Centre for Scientific Research) 5600, University of Lyon, F42023, France; Laboratory of Advanced Materials and Interfaces, Faculty of Medicine, University of Monastir, 5019, Monastir, Tunisia.
| | - Séverine Allegra
- Environments, Territories, Societies (EVS) Lab, Mixed Research Unit (Jean Monnet University - French National Centre for Scientific Research) 5600, University of Lyon, F42023, France
| | - Mina Souiri
- Laboratory of Advanced Materials and Interfaces, Faculty of Medicine, University of Monastir, 5019, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Ridha Mzoughi
- Regional Laboratory of Hygiene, University Hospital Farhat Hached, 4000 Sousse, Tunisia and Laboratory of Analysis Treatment and Valorization of Pollutants and Products, Faculty of Pharmacy, 5000, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Ali Othmane
- Laboratory of Advanced Materials and Interfaces, Faculty of Medicine, University of Monastir, 5019, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Françoise Girardot
- Environments, Territories, Societies (EVS) Lab, Mixed Research Unit (Jean Monnet University - French National Centre for Scientific Research) 5600, University of Lyon, F42023, France
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10
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Kothamachu VB, Zaini S, Muffatto F. Role of Digital Microfluidics in Enabling Access to Laboratory Automation and Making Biology Programmable. SLAS Technol 2020; 25:411-426. [PMID: 32584152 DOI: 10.1177/2472630320931794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Digital microfluidics (DMF) is a liquid handling technique that has been demonstrated to automate biological experimentation in a low-cost, rapid, and programmable manner. This review discusses the role of DMF as a "digital bioconverter"-a tool to connect the digital aspects of the design-build-learn cycle with the physical execution of experiments. Several applications are reviewed to demonstrate the utility of DMF as a digital bioconverter, namely, genetic engineering, sample preparation for sequencing and mass spectrometry, and enzyme-, immuno-, and cell-based screening assays. These applications show that DMF has great potential in the role of a centralized execution platform in a fully integrated pipeline for the production of novel organisms and biomolecules. In this paper, we discuss how the function of a DMF device within such a pipeline is highly dependent on integration with different sensing techniques and methodologies from machine learning and big data. In addition to that, we examine how the capacity of DMF can in some cases be limited by known technical and operational challenges and how consolidated efforts in overcoming these challenges will be key to the development of DMF as a major enabling technology in the computer-aided biology framework.
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11
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Nucleic acid amplification free biosensors for pathogen detection. Biosens Bioelectron 2020; 153:112049. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2020.112049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Revised: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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12
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Prada J, Cordes C, Harms C, Lang W. Design and Manufacturing of a Disposable, Cyclo-Olefin Copolymer, Microfluidic Device for a Biosensor †. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2019; 19:E1178. [PMID: 30866583 PMCID: PMC6427612 DOI: 10.3390/s19051178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Revised: 02/26/2019] [Accepted: 03/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
This contribution outlines the design and manufacturing of a microfluidic device implemented as a biosensor for retrieval and detection of bacteria RNA. The device is fully made of Cyclo-Olefin Copolymer (COC), which features low auto-fluorescence, biocompatibility and manufacturability by hot-embossing. The RNA retrieval was carried on after bacteria heat-lysis by an on-chip micro-heater, whose function was characterized at different working parameters. Carbon resistive temperature sensors were tested, characterized and printed on the biochip sealing film to monitor the heating process. Off-chip and on-chip processed RNA were hybridized with capture probes on the reaction chamber surface and identification was achieved by detection of fluorescence tags. The application of the mentioned techniques and materials proved to allow the development of low-cost, disposable albeit multi-functional microfluidic system, performing heating, temperature sensing and chemical reaction processes in the same device. By proving its effectiveness, this device contributes a reference to show the integration potential of fully thermoplastic devices in biosensor systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Prada
- Institut für Mikrosensoren, -Aktoren und -Systeme, Universität Bremen, 28359 Bremen, Germany.
| | - Christina Cordes
- Bremerhavener Institut für Angewandte Molekularbiologie, Hochschule Bremerhaven, 27568 Bremerhaven, Germany.
| | - Carsten Harms
- Bremerhavener Institut für Angewandte Molekularbiologie, Hochschule Bremerhaven, 27568 Bremerhaven, Germany.
| | - Walter Lang
- Institut für Mikrosensoren, -Aktoren und -Systeme, Universität Bremen, 28359 Bremen, Germany.
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13
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Development of Coplanar Electro-Wetting Based Microfluidic Sorter to Select Micro-Particles in High Volume Throughput at Milliliter Amount within Twenty Minutes. SENSORS 2018; 18:s18092941. [PMID: 30181484 PMCID: PMC6164432 DOI: 10.3390/s18092941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2018] [Revised: 08/28/2018] [Accepted: 09/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
This paper reports the work of developing one coplanar microfluidic sorter while using the electro-wetting on dielectrics (EWOD) technique. When connected with delivery capillary to receive sample solution containing micro-particles, this device can select about 10 micro-particles in high volume throughput of milliliter amount within 20 min, to potentially match the requirement of efficiently determining the low amounts of bacteria in concentrated food and environmental samples, of which the typical bacteria density is 10 colony forming unit or less, much smaller than that of clinical pathogen samples. This coplanar T-shape EWOD device contains two fluidic channels, one inlet channel and the other collection channel stemmed from the middle of inlet channel. When the solution droplet falls from the delivery capillary to the entrance end of inlet channel, the droplet is driven to the intersection of two channels. The droplet containing fluorescent particle will be diverted to the lower channel to collect. Otherwise, the non-fluorescent droplet keeps moving toward the other end of inlet channel to waste zone. The particle fluorescence is collected through microscope lens to detect with one photomultiplier tube. The detected signals trigger the personal computer control board to active each EWOD electrode to direct the droplet moving directions. When the solution of 1 mL containing about 10 fluorescent micro-particles is delivered into this sorting device, nearly all the particles were correctly directed into collection zone in 20 min.
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14
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Melaine F, Saad M, Faucher S, Tabrizian M. Selective and High Dynamic Range Assay Format for Multiplex Detection of Pathogenic Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella typhimurium, and Legionella pneumophila RNAs Using Surface Plasmon Resonance Imaging. Anal Chem 2017; 89:7802-7807. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.7b01942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- F. Melaine
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3A 2B4
| | - M. Saad
- Department
of Natural Resource Sciences, Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental
Sciences, McGill University, Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue, Quebec, Canada H9X 3V9
| | - S. Faucher
- Department
of Natural Resource Sciences, Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental
Sciences, McGill University, Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue, Quebec, Canada H9X 3V9
| | - M. Tabrizian
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3A 2B4
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15
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Seale B, Lam C, Rackus DG, Chamberlain MD, Liu C, Wheeler AR. Digital Microfluidics for Immunoprecipitation. Anal Chem 2016; 88:10223-10230. [PMID: 27700039 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.6b02915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Immunoprecipitation (IP) is a common method for isolating a targeted protein from a complex sample such as blood, serum, or cell lysate. In particular, IP is often used as the primary means of target purification for the analysis by mass spectrometry of novel biologically derived pharmaceuticals, with particular utility for the identification of molecules bound to a protein target. Unfortunately, IP is a labor-intensive technique, is difficult to perform in parallel, and has limited options for automation. Furthermore, the technique is typically limited to large sample volumes, making the application of IP cleanup to precious samples nearly impossible. In recognition of these challenges, we introduce a method for performing microscale IP using magnetic particles and digital microfluidics (DMF-IP). The new method allows for 80% recovery of model proteins from approximately microliter volumes of serum in a sample-to-answer run time of approximately 25 min. Uniquely, analytes are eluted from these small samples in a format compatible with direct analysis by mass spectrometry. To extend the technique to be useful for large samples, we also developed a macro-to-microscale interface called preconcentration using liquid intake by paper (P-CLIP). This technique allows for efficient analysis of samples >100× larger than are typically processed on microfluidic devices. As described herein, DMF-IP and P-CLIP-DMF-IP are rapid, automated, and multiplexed methods that have the potential to reduce the time and effort required for IP sample preparations with applications in the fields of pharmacy, biomarker discovery, and protein biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brendon Seale
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto , 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Charis Lam
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto , 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Darius G Rackus
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto , 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada.,Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research , 160 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3E1, Canada
| | - M Dean Chamberlain
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto , 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada.,Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research , 160 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3E1, Canada
| | - Chang Liu
- SCIEX , 71 Four Valley Drive, Concord, Ontario L4K 4V8, Canada
| | - Aaron R Wheeler
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto , 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada.,Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research , 160 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3E1, Canada.,Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto , 164 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G9, Canada
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16
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Samiei E, Tabrizian M, Hoorfar M. A review of digital microfluidics as portable platforms for lab-on a-chip applications. LAB ON A CHIP 2016; 16:2376-96. [PMID: 27272540 DOI: 10.1039/c6lc00387g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 195] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Following the development of microfluidic systems, there has been a high tendency towards developing lab-on-a-chip devices for biochemical applications. A great deal of effort has been devoted to improve and advance these devices with the goal of performing complete sets of biochemical assays on the device and possibly developing portable platforms for point of care applications. Among the different microfluidic systems used for such a purpose, digital microfluidics (DMF) shows high flexibility and capability of performing multiplex and parallel biochemical operations, and hence, has been considered as a suitable candidate for lab-on-a-chip applications. In this review, we discuss the most recent advances in the DMF platforms, and evaluate the feasibility of developing multifunctional packages for performing complete sets of processes of biochemical assays, particularly for point-of-care applications. The progress in the development of DMF systems is reviewed from eight different aspects, including device fabrication, basic fluidic operations, automation, manipulation of biological samples, advanced operations, detection, biological applications, and finally, packaging and portability of the DMF devices. Success in developing the lab-on-a-chip DMF devices will be concluded based on the advances achieved in each of these aspects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ehsan Samiei
- School of Engineering, University of British Columbia, 3333 University Way, Kelowna, BC V1V 1V7, Canada.
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17
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Liu Q, Zhang Y, Jing W, Liu S, Zhang D, Sui G. First airborne pathogen direct analysis system. Analyst 2016; 141:1637-40. [DOI: 10.1039/c5an02367j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
This is the first portable “sample to answer” system for the rapid detection of pathogenic bacteria in air.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP3)
- Department of Environmental Science & Engineering
- Fudan University
- Shanghai
- China
| | - Yuxiao Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP3)
- Department of Environmental Science & Engineering
- Fudan University
- Shanghai
- China
| | - Wenwen Jing
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP3)
- Department of Environmental Science & Engineering
- Fudan University
- Shanghai
- China
| | - Sixiu Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP3)
- Department of Environmental Science & Engineering
- Fudan University
- Shanghai
- China
| | - Dawei Zhang
- Engineering Research Center of Optical Instrument and System
- Ministry of Education and Shanghai Key Lab of Modern Optical System
- University of Shanghai for Science and Technology
- Shanghai
- China
| | - Guodong Sui
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP3)
- Department of Environmental Science & Engineering
- Fudan University
- Shanghai
- China
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18
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Microfluidic Organ/Body-on-a-Chip Devices at the Convergence of Biology and Microengineering. SENSORS 2015; 15:31142-70. [PMID: 26690442 PMCID: PMC4721768 DOI: 10.3390/s151229848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2015] [Revised: 11/16/2015] [Accepted: 12/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Recent advances in biomedical technologies are mostly related to the convergence of biology with microengineering. For instance, microfluidic devices are now commonly found in most research centers, clinics and hospitals, contributing to more accurate studies and therapies as powerful tools for drug delivery, monitoring of specific analytes, and medical diagnostics. Most remarkably, integration of cellularized constructs within microengineered platforms has enabled the recapitulation of the physiological and pathological conditions of complex tissues and organs. The so-called “organ-on-a-chip” technology, which represents a new avenue in the field of advanced in vitro models, with the potential to revolutionize current approaches to drug screening and toxicology studies. This review aims to highlight recent advances of microfluidic-based devices towards a body-on-a-chip concept, exploring their technology and broad applications in the biomedical field.
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19
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Shamsi MH, Choi K, Ng AHC, Chamberlain MD, Wheeler AR. Electrochemiluminescence on digital microfluidics for microRNA analysis. Biosens Bioelectron 2015; 77:845-52. [PMID: 26516684 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2015.10.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2015] [Revised: 10/08/2015] [Accepted: 10/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Electrochemiluminescence (ECL) is a sensitive analytical technique with great promise for biological applications, especially when combined with microfluidics. Here, we report the first integration of ECL with digital microfluidics (DMF). ECL detectors were fabricated into the ITO-coated top plates of DMF devices, allowing for the generation of light from electrically excited luminophores in sample droplets. The new system was characterized by making electrochemical and ECL measurements of soluble mixtures of tris(phenanthroline)ruthenium(II) and tripropylamine (TPA) solutions. The system was then validated by application to an oligonucleotide hybridization assay, using magnetic particles bearing 21-mer, deoxyribose analogues of the complement to microRNA-143 (miRNA-143). The system detects single nucleotide mismatches with high specificity, and has a limit of detection of 1.5 femtomoles. The system is capable of detecting miRNA-143 in cancer cell lysates, allowing for the discrimination between the MCF-7 (less aggressive) and MDA-MB-231 (more aggressive) cell lines. We propose that DMF-ECL represents a valuable new tool in the microfluidics toolbox for a wide variety of applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohtashim H Shamsi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St George St., Toronto, ON, Canada M5S 3H6; Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, 160 College St., Toronto, ON, Canada M5S 3E1
| | - Kihwan Choi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St George St., Toronto, ON, Canada M5S 3H6; Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, 160 College St., Toronto, ON, Canada M5S 3E1
| | - Alphonsus H C Ng
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St George St., Toronto, ON, Canada M5S 3H6; Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, 160 College St., Toronto, ON, Canada M5S 3E1; Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, 164 College St., Toronto, ON, Canada M5S 3G9
| | - M Dean Chamberlain
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St George St., Toronto, ON, Canada M5S 3H6; Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, 160 College St., Toronto, ON, Canada M5S 3E1
| | - Aaron R Wheeler
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St George St., Toronto, ON, Canada M5S 3H6; Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, 160 College St., Toronto, ON, Canada M5S 3E1; Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, 164 College St., Toronto, ON, Canada M5S 3G9.
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20
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Bi X, Adriani G, Xu Y, Chakrabortty S, Pastorin G, Ho HK, Ang WH, Chan Y. Gene Detection in Complex Biological Media Using Semiconductor Nanorods within an Integrated Microfluidic Device. Anal Chem 2015; 87:10292-8. [PMID: 26382664 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.5b01942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The salient optical properties of highly luminescent semiconductor nanocrystals render them ideal fluorophores for clinical diagnostics, therapeutics, and highly sensitive biochip applications. Microfluidic systems allow miniaturization and integration of multiple biochemical processes in a single device and do not require sophisticated diagnostic tools. Herein, we describe a microfluidic system that integrates RNA extraction, reverse transcription to cDNA, amplification and detection within one integrated device to detect histidine decarboxylase (HDC) gene directly from human white blood cells samples. When anisotropic semiconductor nanorods (NRs) were used as the fluorescent probes, the detection limit was found to be 0.4 ng of total RNA, which was much lower than that obtained using spherical quantum dots (QDs) or organic dyes. This was attributed to the large action cross-section of NRs and their high probability of target capture in a pull-down detection scheme. The combination of large scale integrated microfluidics with highly fluorescent semiconductor NRs may find widespread utility in point-of-care devices and multitarget diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyan Bi
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore , 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Giulia Adriani
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore , 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Yang Xu
- Institute of Materials Research & Engineering A*STAR , 3 Research Link, Singapore 117602, Singapore
| | - Sabyasachi Chakrabortty
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore , 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Giorgia Pastorin
- Department of Pharmacy, National University of Singapore , 18 Science Drive 4, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Han Kiat Ho
- Department of Pharmacy, National University of Singapore , 18 Science Drive 4, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Wee Han Ang
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore , 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Yinthai Chan
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore , 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543, Singapore.,Institute of Materials Research & Engineering A*STAR , 3 Research Link, Singapore 117602, Singapore
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