1
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Parente AD, Bolland DE, Huisinga KL, Provost JJ. Physiology of malate dehydrogenase and how dysregulation leads to disease. Essays Biochem 2024:EBC20230085. [PMID: 38962852 DOI: 10.1042/ebc20230085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2024] [Revised: 06/10/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024]
Abstract
Malate dehydrogenase (MDH) is pivotal in mammalian tissue metabolism, participating in various pathways beyond its classical roles and highlighting its adaptability to cellular demands. This enzyme is involved in maintaining redox balance, lipid synthesis, and glutamine metabolism and supports rapidly proliferating cells' energetic and biosynthetic needs. The involvement of MDH in glutamine metabolism underlines its significance in cell physiology. In contrast, its contribution to lipid metabolism highlights its role in essential biosynthetic processes necessary for cell maintenance and proliferation. The enzyme's regulatory mechanisms, such as post-translational modifications, underscore its complexity and importance in metabolic regulation, positioning MDH as a potential target in metabolic dysregulation. Furthermore, the association of MDH with various pathologies, including cancer and neurological disorders, suggests its involvement in disease progression. The overexpression of MDH isoforms MDH1 and MDH2 in cancers like breast, prostate, and pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, alongside structural modifications, implies their critical role in the metabolic adaptation of tumor cells. Additionally, mutations in MDH2 linked to pheochromocytomas, paragangliomas, and other metabolic diseases emphasize MDH's role in metabolic homeostasis. This review spotlights MDH's potential as a biomarker and therapeutic target, advocating for further research into its multifunctional roles and regulatory mechanisms in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy D Parente
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mercyhurst University, Erie, PA, U.S.A
| | - Danielle E Bolland
- Department of Biology, University of Minnesota Morris, Morris, MN 56267, U.S.A
| | - Kathryn L Huisinga
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Malone University, Canton, OH 44709, U.S.A
| | - Joseph J Provost
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of San Diego, San Diego, CA 92110, U.S.A
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2
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Ji Y, Chen Z, Cen Z, Ye Y, Li S, Lu X, Shao Q, Wang D, Ji J, Ji Q. A comprehensive mouse brain acetylome-the cellular-specific distribution of acetylated brain proteins. Front Cell Neurosci 2022; 16:980815. [PMID: 36111245 PMCID: PMC9468461 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2022.980815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Nε-lysine acetylation is a reversible posttranslational modification (PTM) involved in multiple physiological functions. Genetic and animal studies have documented the critical roles of protein acetylation in brain development, functions, and various neurological disorders. However, the underlying cellular and molecular mechanism are still partially understood. Here, we profiled and characterized the mouse brain acetylome and investigated the cellular distribution of acetylated brain proteins. We identified 1,818 acetylated proteins, including 5,196 acetylation modification sites, using a modified workflow comprising filter-aided sample preparation (FSAP), acetylated peptides enrichment, and MS analysis without pre- or post-fraction. Bioinformatics analysis indicated these acetylated mouse brain proteins were mainly located in the myelin sheath, mitochondrial inner membrane, and synapse, as well as their involvement in multiple neurological disorders. Manual annotation revealed that a set of brain-specific proteins were acetylation-modified. The acetylation of three brain-specific proteins was verified, including neurofilament light polypeptide (NEFL), 2’,3’-cyclic-nucleotide 3’-phosphodiesterase (CNP), and neuromodulin (GAP43). Further immunofluorescence staining illustrated that acetylated proteins were mainly distributed in the nuclei of cortex neurons and axons of hippocampal neurons, sparsely distributed in the nuclei of microglia and astrocytes, and the lack of distribution in both cytoplasm and nuclei of cerebrovascular endothelial cells. Together, this study provided a comprehensive mouse brain acetylome and illustrated the cellular-specific distribution of acetylated proteins in the mouse brain. These data will contribute to understanding and deciphering the molecular and cellular mechanisms of protein acetylation in brain development and neurological disorders. Besides, we proposed some problems that need to be solved in future brain acetylome research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhua Ji
- Department of Immunobiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zixin Chen
- Department of Immunobiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ziqi Cen
- Department of Immunobiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuting Ye
- Department of Immunobiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shuyuan Li
- Department of Immunobiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoshuang Lu
- Department of Immunobiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qian Shao
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Donghao Wang
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Juling Ji
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong, China
- *Correspondence: Juling Ji,
| | - Qiuhong Ji
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong, China
- Qiuhong Ji,
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3
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Rinschen MM, Palygin O, El-Meanawy A, Domingo-Almenara X, Palermo A, Dissanayake LV, Golosova D, Schafroth MA, Guijas C, Demir F, Jaegers J, Gliozzi ML, Xue J, Hoehne M, Benzing T, Kok BP, Saez E, Bleich M, Himmerkus N, Weisz OA, Cravatt BF, Krüger M, Benton HP, Siuzdak G, Staruschenko A. Accelerated lysine metabolism conveys kidney protection in salt-sensitive hypertension. Nat Commun 2022; 13:4099. [PMID: 35835746 PMCID: PMC9283537 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-31670-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypertension and kidney disease have been repeatedly associated with genomic variants and alterations of lysine metabolism. Here, we combined stable isotope labeling with untargeted metabolomics to investigate lysine's metabolic fate in vivo. Dietary 13C6 labeled lysine was tracked to lysine metabolites across various organs. Globally, lysine reacts rapidly with molecules of the central carbon metabolism, but incorporates slowly into proteins and acylcarnitines. Lysine metabolism is accelerated in a rat model of hypertension and kidney damage, chiefly through N-alpha-mediated degradation. Lysine administration diminished development of hypertension and kidney injury. Protective mechanisms include diuresis, further acceleration of lysine conjugate formation, and inhibition of tubular albumin uptake. Lysine also conjugates with malonyl-CoA to form a novel metabolite Nε-malonyl-lysine to deplete malonyl-CoA from fatty acid synthesis. Through conjugate formation and excretion as fructoselysine, saccharopine, and Nε-acetyllysine, lysine lead to depletion of central carbon metabolites from the organism and kidney. Consistently, lysine administration to patients at risk for hypertension and kidney disease inhibited tubular albumin uptake, increased lysine conjugate formation, and reduced tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle metabolites, compared to kidney-healthy volunteers. In conclusion, lysine isotope tracing mapped an accelerated metabolism in hypertension, and lysine administration could protect kidneys in hypertensive kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus M Rinschen
- Scripps Center for Metabolomics, Scripps Research, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA.
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.
- III. Medical Clinic, University Hospital Hamburg Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.
- AIAS, Aarhus Institute of Advanced Studies (AIAS), Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.
| | - Oleg Palygin
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA
| | - Ashraf El-Meanawy
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA
| | - Xavier Domingo-Almenara
- Scripps Center for Metabolomics, Scripps Research, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
- Omics Sciences Unit, EURECAT, Technology Centre of Catalonia, Reus, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Amelia Palermo
- Scripps Center for Metabolomics, Scripps Research, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Lashodya V Dissanayake
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, 33602, USA
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA
| | - Daria Golosova
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA
| | | | - Carlos Guijas
- Scripps Center for Metabolomics, Scripps Research, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Fatih Demir
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | - Megan L Gliozzi
- Renal Electrolyte Division, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA
| | - Jingchuan Xue
- Scripps Center for Metabolomics, Scripps Research, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Martin Hoehne
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases, Cologne, Germany
- Department II of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Thomas Benzing
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases, Cologne, Germany
- Department II of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Bernard P Kok
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Scripps Research, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Enrique Saez
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Scripps Research, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Markus Bleich
- Institute of Physiology, University Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | | | - Ora A Weisz
- Renal Electrolyte Division, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA
| | | | - Marcus Krüger
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases, Cologne, Germany
| | - H Paul Benton
- Scripps Center for Metabolomics, Scripps Research, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Gary Siuzdak
- Scripps Center for Metabolomics, Scripps Research, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA.
| | - Alexander Staruschenko
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, 33602, USA.
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA.
- James A. Haley Veterans' Hospital, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA.
- Hypertension and Kidney Research Center, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, 33602, USA.
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4
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Shen M, Chen Z, Ming M, Cheng Z, Sun J, Liang J, Shang T, Zhang Q, Zhou S, Ji Y, Ding F. The acetylome of adult mouse sciatic nerve. J Neurochem 2022; 162:262-275. [PMID: 35585794 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.15648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Revised: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Lysine acetylation is a reversible post-translational modification (PTM) involved in multiple physiological functions. Recent studies have demonstrated the involvement of protein acetylation in modulating the biology of Schwann cells (SCs) and regeneration of the peripheral nervous system (PNS). However, the mechanisms underlying these processes remain partially understood. Here, we characterized the acetylome of the mouse sciatic nerve (SN) and investigated the cellular distribution of acetylated proteins. We identified 483 acetylated proteins containing 1,442 acetylation modification sites in the SN of adult C57BL/6 mice. Bioinformatics suggested that these acetylated SN proteins were mainly located in the myelin sheath, mitochondrial inner membrane, and cytoskeleton, and highlighted the significant differences between the mouse SN and brain acetylome. Manual annotation further indicated that most acetylated proteins (> 45%) were associated with mitochondria, energy metabolism, and cytoskeleton and cell adhesion. We verified three newly discovered acetylation-modified proteins, including neurofilament light polypeptide (NEFL), neurofilament medium/high polypeptide (NFM/H), and periaxin (PRX). Immunofluorescence illustrated that the acetylated proteins, including acetylated alpha-tubulin, were mainly co-localized with S100-positive SCs. Herein, we provided a comprehensive acetylome for the mouse SN and demonstrated that acetylated proteins in the SN were predominantly located in SCs. These results will extend our understanding and promote further study of the role and mechanism of protein acetylation in SC development and PNS regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi Shen
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology Products, Jiangsu Clinical Medicine Center of Tissue Engineering and Nerve Injury Repair, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Zixin Chen
- Department of Immunology, College of Life science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mengru Ming
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology Products, Jiangsu Clinical Medicine Center of Tissue Engineering and Nerve Injury Repair, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Zhenghui Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology Products, Jiangsu Clinical Medicine Center of Tissue Engineering and Nerve Injury Repair, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Junjie Sun
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology Products, Jiangsu Clinical Medicine Center of Tissue Engineering and Nerve Injury Repair, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Jingyun Liang
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology Products, Jiangsu Clinical Medicine Center of Tissue Engineering and Nerve Injury Repair, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Tongxin Shang
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology Products, Jiangsu Clinical Medicine Center of Tissue Engineering and Nerve Injury Repair, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology Products, Jiangsu Clinical Medicine Center of Tissue Engineering and Nerve Injury Repair, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Songlin Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology Products, Jiangsu Clinical Medicine Center of Tissue Engineering and Nerve Injury Repair, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Yuhua Ji
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology Products, Jiangsu Clinical Medicine Center of Tissue Engineering and Nerve Injury Repair, Nantong University, Nantong, China.,Department of Immunology, College of Life science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fei Ding
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology Products, Jiangsu Clinical Medicine Center of Tissue Engineering and Nerve Injury Repair, Nantong University, Nantong, China
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5
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Sun L, Bhawal R, Xu H, Chen H, Anderson ET, Haroutunian V, Cross AC, Zhang S, Gibson GE. The human brain acetylome reveals that decreased acetylation of mitochondrial proteins associates with Alzheimer's disease. J Neurochem 2021; 158:282-296. [PMID: 33905124 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.15377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Metabolic changes that correlate to cognitive changes are well-known in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Metabolism is often linked to functional changes in proteins by post-translational modifications. The importance of the regulation of transcription by acetylation is well documented. Advanced mass spectrometry reveals hundreds of acetylated proteins in multiple tissues, but the acetylome of human brain, its functional significance, and the changes with disease are unknown. Filling this gap is critical for understanding the pathophysiology and development of therapies. To fill this gap, we assessed the human brain acetylome in human brain and its changes with AD. More than 5% of the 4,442 proteins from the human brain global proteome were acetylated. Acetylated proteins were primarily found in the cytosol (148), mitochondria (100), nucleus (91), and plasma membrane (58). The comparison of the brain acetylome in controls to that of patients with AD revealed striking and selective differences in terms of its abundances of acetylated peptides/sites. Acetylation of 18 mitochondrial proteins decreased, while acetylation of two cytosolic proteins, tau and GFAP, increased. Our experiments demonstrate that acetylation at some specific lysine sites alters enzyme function. The results indicate that general activation of de-acetylases (i.e., sirtuins) is not an appropriate therapeutic approach for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lidan Sun
- Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, Burke Neurological Institute, White Plains, NY, USA.,Integrated Medicine Research Center for Neurological Rehabilitation, College of Medicine, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, China
| | - Ruchika Bhawal
- Proteomics and Metabolomics Facility, Institute of Biotechnology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Hui Xu
- Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, Burke Neurological Institute, White Plains, NY, USA
| | - Huanlian Chen
- Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, Burke Neurological Institute, White Plains, NY, USA
| | - Elizabeth T Anderson
- Proteomics and Metabolomics Facility, Institute of Biotechnology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Vahrum Haroutunian
- Department of Psychiatry, The Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.,Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Center, James J Peters VA Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA.,Department of Neuroscience, The Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Abigail C Cross
- Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, Burke Neurological Institute, White Plains, NY, USA
| | - Sheng Zhang
- Proteomics and Metabolomics Facility, Institute of Biotechnology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Gary E Gibson
- Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, Burke Neurological Institute, White Plains, NY, USA
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6
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Kalita B, Bano S, Vavachan VM, Taunk K, Seshadri V, Rapole S. Application of mass spectrometry based proteomics to understand diabetes: A special focus on interactomics. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS 2020; 1868:140469. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2020.140469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Revised: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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7
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Li Y, Ma Q, Li P, Wang J, Wang M, Fan Y, Wang T, Wang C, Wang T, Zhao B. Proteomics reveals different pathological processes of adipose tissue, liver, and skeletal muscle under insulin resistance. J Cell Physiol 2020; 235:6441-6461. [PMID: 32115712 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.29658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus is the most common type of diabetes, and insulin resistance (IR) is its core pathological mechanism. Proteomics is an ingenious and promising Omics technology that can comprehensively describe the global protein expression profiling of body or specific tissue, and is widely applied to the study of molecular mechanisms of diseases. In this paper, we focused on insulin target organs: adipose tissue, liver, and skeletal muscle, and analyzed the different pathological processes of IR in these three tissues based on proteomics research. By literature studies, we proposed that the main pathological processes of IR among target organs were diverse, which showed unique characteristics and focuses. We further summarized the differential proteins in target organs which were verified to be related to IR, and discussed the proteins that may play key roles in the emphasized pathological processes, aiming at discovering potentially specific differential proteins of IR, and providing new ideas for pathological mechanism research of IR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaqi Li
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Quantao Ma
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Pengfei Li
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Jingkang Wang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Min Wang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yuanyuan Fan
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Tieshan Wang
- Beijing Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Chunguo Wang
- Beijing Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Ting Wang
- Beijing Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Baosheng Zhao
- Beijing Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
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8
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Herr DJ, Singh T, Dhammu T, Menick DR. Regulation of metabolism by mitochondrial enzyme acetylation in cardiac ischemia-reperfusion injury. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2020; 1866:165728. [PMID: 32068115 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2020.165728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Revised: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Ischemia reperfusion injury (I/R injury) contributes significantly to morbidity and mortality following myocardial infarction (MI). Although rapid reperfusion of the ischemic myocardium was established decades ago as a highly beneficial therapy for MI, significant cell death still occurs after the onset of reperfusion. Mitochondrial dysfunction is closely associated with I/R injury, resulting in the uncontrolled production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Considerable efforts have gone into understanding the metabolic perturbations elicited by I/R injury. Recent work has identified the critical role of reversible protein acetylation in maintaining normal mitochondrial biologic function and energy metabolism both in the normal heart and during I/R injury. Several studies have shown that modification of class I HDAC and/or Sirtuin (Sirt) activity is cardioprotective in the setting of I/R injury. A better understanding of the role of these metabolic pathways in reperfusion injury and their regulation by reversible protein acetylation presents a promising way forward in improving the treatment of cardiac reperfusion injury. Here we briefly review some of what is known about how acetylation regulates mitochondrial metabolism and how it relates to I/R injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J Herr
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States of America
| | - Toolika Singh
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States of America
| | - Tajinder Dhammu
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States of America
| | - Donald R Menick
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States of America; Ralph H. Johnson Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Charleston, SC, United States of America.
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9
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Defining decreased protein succinylation of failing human cardiac myofibrils in ischemic cardiomyopathy. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2019; 138:304-317. [PMID: 31836543 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2019.11.159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Revised: 11/23/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Succinylation is a post-translational modification of protein lysine residues with succinyl groups derived from succinyl CoA. Succinylation is considered a significant post-translational modification with the potential to impact protein function which is highly conserved across numerous species. The role of succinylation in the heart, especially in heart failure and myofibril mechanics, remains largely unexplored. Mechanical parameters were measured in myofibrils isolated from failing hearts of ischemic cardiomyopathy patients and non-failing donor controls. We employed mass spectrometry to quantify differential protein expression in myofibrils from failing ischemic cardiomyopathy hearts compared to non-failing hearts. In addition, we combined peptide enrichment by immunoprecipitation with liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry to quantitatively analyze succinylated lysine residues in these myofibrils. Several key parameters of sarcomeric mechanical interactions were altered in myofibrils isolated from failing ischemic cardiomyopathy hearts, including lower resting tension and a faster rate of activation. Of the 100 differentially expressed proteins, 46 showed increased expression in ischemic heart failure, while 54 demonstrated decreased expression in ischemic heart failure. Our quantitative succinylome analysis identified a total of 572 unique succinylated lysine sites located on 181 proteins, with 307 significantly changed succinylation events. We found that 297 succinyl-Lys demonstrated decreased succinylation on 104 proteins, while 10 residues demonstrated increased succinylation on 4 proteins. Investigating succinyl CoA generation, enzyme activity assays demonstrated that α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase and succinate dehydrogenase activities were significantly decreased in ischemic heart failure. An activity assay for succinyl CoA synthetase demonstrated a significant increase in ischemic heart failure. Taken together, our findings support the hypothesis that succinyl CoA production is decreased and succinyl CoA turnover is increased in ischemic heart failure, potentially resulting in an overall decrease in the mitochondrial succinyl CoA pool, which may contribute to decreased myofibril protein succinylation in heart failure.
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10
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Chatterjee B, Thakur SS. Investigation of post-translational modifications in type 2 diabetes. Clin Proteomics 2018; 15:32. [PMID: 30258344 PMCID: PMC6154926 DOI: 10.1186/s12014-018-9208-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2018] [Accepted: 09/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The investigation of post-translational modifications (PTMs) plays an important role for the study of type 2 diabetes. The importance of PTMs has been realized with the advancement of analytical techniques. The challenging detection and analysis of post-translational modifications is eased by different enrichment methods and by high throughput mass spectrometry based proteomics studies. This technology along with different quantitation methods provide accurate knowledge about the changes happening in disease conditions as well as in normal conditions. In this review, we have discussed PTMs such as phosphorylation, N-glycosylation, O-GlcNAcylation, acetylation and advanced glycation end products in type 2 diabetes which have been characterized by high throughput mass spectrometry based proteomics analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhaswati Chatterjee
- 1Department of Pharmaceuticals, Ministry of Chemicals and Fertilizers, Govt. of India, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Balanagar, Hyderabad, Telangana 500 037 India
| | - Suman S Thakur
- 2Proteomics and Cell Signaling, Lab E409, Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Uppal Road, Hyderabad, 500007 India
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11
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Protein Expression Profile of Twenty-Week-Old Diabetic db/db and Non-Diabetic Mice Livers: A Proteomic and Bioinformatic Analysis. Biomolecules 2018; 8:biom8020035. [PMID: 29857581 PMCID: PMC6023011 DOI: 10.3390/biom8020035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2018] [Revised: 05/27/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus is characterized by insulin resistance in the liver. Insulin is not only involved in carbohydrate metabolism, it also regulates protein synthesis. This work describes the expression of proteins in the liver of a diabetic mouse and identifies the metabolic pathways involved. Twenty-week-old diabetic db/db mice were hepatectomized, after which proteins were separated by 2D-Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis (2D-PAGE). Spots varying in intensity were analyzed using mass spectrometry, and biological function was assigned by the Database for Annotation, Visualization and Integrated Discovery (DAVID) software. A differential expression of 26 proteins was identified; among these were arginase-1, pyruvate carboxylase, peroxiredoxin-1, regucalcin, and sorbitol dehydrogenase. Bioinformatics analysis indicated that many of these proteins are mitochondrial and participate in metabolic pathways, such as the citrate cycle, the fructose and mannose metabolism, and glycolysis or gluconeogenesis. In addition, these proteins are related to oxidation⁻reduction reactions and molecular function of vitamin binding and amino acid metabolism. In conclusion, the proteomic profile of the liver of diabetic mouse db/db exhibited mainly alterations in the metabolism of carbohydrates and nitrogen. These differences illustrate the heterogeneity of diabetes in its different stages and under different conditions and highlights the need to improve treatments for this disease.
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Gedik N, Krüger M, Thielmann M, Kottenberg E, Skyschally A, Frey UH, Cario E, Peters J, Jakob H, Heusch G, Kleinbongard P. Proteomics/phosphoproteomics of left ventricular biopsies from patients with surgical coronary revascularization and pigs with coronary occlusion/reperfusion: remote ischemic preconditioning. Sci Rep 2017; 7:7629. [PMID: 28794502 PMCID: PMC5550488 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-07883-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2017] [Accepted: 06/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Remote ischemic preconditioning (RIPC) by repeated brief cycles of limb ischemia/reperfusion reduces myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury. In left ventricular (LV) biopsies from patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG), only the activation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 5 was associated with RIPC’s cardioprotection. We have now used an unbiased, non-hypothesis-driven proteomics and phosphoproteomics approach to analyze LV biopsies from patients undergoing CABG and from pigs undergoing coronary occlusion/reperfusion without (sham) and with RIPC. False discovery rate-based statistics identified a higher prostaglandin reductase 2 expression at early reperfusion with RIPC than with sham in patients. In pigs, the phosphorylation of 116 proteins was different between baseline and early reperfusion with RIPC and/or with sham. The identified proteins were not identical for patients and pigs, but in-silico pathway analysis of proteins with ≥2-fold higher expression/phosphorylation at early reperfusion with RIPC in comparison to sham revealed a relation to mitochondria and cytoskeleton in both species. Apart from limitations of the proteomics analysis per se, the small cohorts, the sampling/sample processing and the number of uncharacterized/unverifiable porcine proteins may have contributed to this largely unsatisfactory result.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nilgün Gedik
- Institute for Pathophysiology, West German Heart and Vascular Center Essen, Universitätsklinikum Essen, Universität Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Marcus Krüger
- Institute for Genetics Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), and University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Matthias Thielmann
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, West German Heart and Vascular Center Essen, Universitätsklinikum Essen, Universität Duisburg- Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Eva Kottenberg
- Klinik für Anästhesiologie und Intensivmedizin, Universitätsklinikum Essen, Universität Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Andreas Skyschally
- Institute for Pathophysiology, West German Heart and Vascular Center Essen, Universitätsklinikum Essen, Universität Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Ulrich H Frey
- Klinik für Anästhesiologie und Intensivmedizin, Universitätsklinikum Essen, Universität Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Elke Cario
- Experimental Gastroenterology, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Universitätsklinikum Essen, Universität Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Jürgen Peters
- Klinik für Anästhesiologie und Intensivmedizin, Universitätsklinikum Essen, Universität Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Heinz Jakob
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, West German Heart and Vascular Center Essen, Universitätsklinikum Essen, Universität Duisburg- Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Gerd Heusch
- Institute for Pathophysiology, West German Heart and Vascular Center Essen, Universitätsklinikum Essen, Universität Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Petra Kleinbongard
- Institute for Pathophysiology, West German Heart and Vascular Center Essen, Universitätsklinikum Essen, Universität Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany.
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Nagarajan SR, Brandon AE, McKenna JA, Shtein HC, Nguyen TQ, Suryana E, Poronnik P, Cooney GJ, Saunders DN, Hoy AJ. Insulin and diet-induced changes in the ubiquitin-modified proteome of rat liver. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0174431. [PMID: 28329008 PMCID: PMC5362237 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0174431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2016] [Accepted: 03/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Ubiquitin is a crucial post-translational modification regulating numerous cellular processes, but its role in metabolic disease is not well characterized. In this study, we identified the in vivo ubiquitin-modified proteome in rat liver and determined changes in this ubiquitome under acute insulin stimulation and high-fat and sucrose diet-induced insulin resistance. We identified 1267 ubiquitinated proteins in rat liver across diet and insulin-stimulated conditions, with 882 proteins common to all conditions. KEGG pathway analysis of these proteins identified enrichment of metabolic pathways, TCA cycle, glycolysis/gluconeogenesis, fatty acid metabolism, and carbon metabolism, with similar pathways altered by diet and insulin resistance. Thus, the rat liver ubiquitome is sensitive to diet and insulin stimulation and this is perturbed in insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shilpa R. Nagarajan
- Discipline of Physiology, School of Medical Sciences & Bosch Institute, Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Amanda E. Brandon
- Diabetes and Metabolism Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia
- St Vincent’s Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Jessie A. McKenna
- Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Harrison C. Shtein
- Discipline of Physiology, School of Medical Sciences & Bosch Institute, Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Thinh Q. Nguyen
- Discipline of Physiology, School of Medical Sciences & Bosch Institute, Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Eurwin Suryana
- Diabetes and Metabolism Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia
| | - Philip Poronnik
- Discipline of Physiology, School of Medical Sciences & Bosch Institute, Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Gregory J. Cooney
- Diabetes and Metabolism Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia
- St Vincent’s Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Darren N. Saunders
- Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- * E-mail: (AJH); (DNS)
| | - Andrew J. Hoy
- Discipline of Physiology, School of Medical Sciences & Bosch Institute, Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- * E-mail: (AJH); (DNS)
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Caira S, Iannelli A, Sciarrillo R, Picariello G, Renzone G, Scaloni A, Addeo P. Differential representation of liver proteins in obese human subjects suggests novel biomarkers and promising targets for drug development in obesity. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2017; 32:672-682. [PMID: 28274171 PMCID: PMC6009959 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2017.1292262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The proteome of liver biopsies from human obese (O) subjects has been compared to those of nonobese (NO) subjects using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE). Differentially represented proteins were identified by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry (MS)-based peptide mass fingerprinting (PMF) and nanoflow-liquid chromatography coupled to electrospray-tandem mass spectrometry (nLC-ESI-MS/MS). Overall, 61 gene products common to all of the liver biopsies were identified within 65 spots, among which 25 ones were differently represented between O and NO subjects. In particular, over-representation of short-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase, Δ(3,5)-Δ(2,4)dienoyl-CoA isomerase, acetyl-CoA acetyltransferase, glyoxylate reductase/hydroxypyruvate reductase, fructose-biphosphate aldolase B, peroxiredoxin I, protein DJ-1, catalase, α- and β-hemoglobin subunits, 3-mercaptopyruvate S-transferase, calreticulin, aminoacylase 1, phenazine biosynthesis-like domain-containing protein and a form of fatty acid-binding protein, together with downrepresentation of glutamate dehydrogenase, glutathione S-transferase A1, S-adenosylmethionine synthase 1A and a form of apolipoprotein A-I, was associated with the obesity condition. Some of these metabolic enzymes and antioxidant proteins have already been identified as putative diagnostic markers of liver dysfunction in animal models of steatosis or obesity, suggesting additional investigations on their role in these syndromes. Their differential representation in human liver was suggestive of their consideration as obesity human biomarkers and for the development of novel antiobesity drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simonetta Caira
- a Proteomics and Mass Spectrometry Laboratory , ISPAAM, National Research Council , Naples , Italy
| | - Antonio Iannelli
- b Département de Chirurgie Digestive , Centre Hospitalier Universitarie de Nice , Nice , France
| | - Rosaria Sciarrillo
- c Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie , Università degli Studi del Sannio , Benevento , Italy
| | | | - Giovanni Renzone
- a Proteomics and Mass Spectrometry Laboratory , ISPAAM, National Research Council , Naples , Italy
| | - Andrea Scaloni
- a Proteomics and Mass Spectrometry Laboratory , ISPAAM, National Research Council , Naples , Italy
| | - Pietro Addeo
- e Service de Chirurgie Hépatique, Pancréatique, Biliaire et Transplantation, Pôle des Pathologies Digestives, Hépatiques et de la Transplantation, Hôpital de Hautepierre , Université de Strasbourg, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg , Strasbourg , France
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Partial Immunoblotting of 2D-Gels: A Novel Method to Identify Post-Translationally Modified Proteins Exemplified for the Myelin Acetylome. Proteomes 2017; 5:proteomes5010003. [PMID: 28248254 PMCID: PMC5372224 DOI: 10.3390/proteomes5010003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2016] [Revised: 12/23/2016] [Accepted: 01/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Post-translational modifications (PTMs) play a key role in regulating protein function, yet their identification is technically demanding. Here, we present a straightforward workflow to systematically identify post-translationally modified proteins based on two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. Upon colloidal Coomassie staining the proteins are partially transferred, and the investigated PTMs are immunodetected. This strategy allows tracking back the immunopositive antigens to the corresponding spots on the original gel, from which they are excised and mass spectrometrically identified. Candidate proteins are validated on the same membrane by immunodetection using a second fluorescence channel. We exemplify the power of partial immunoblotting with the identification of lysine-acetylated proteins in myelin, the oligodendroglial membrane that insulates neuronal axons. The excellent consistency of the detected fluorescence signals at all levels allows the differential comparison of PTMs across multiple conditions. Beyond PTM screening, our multi-level workflow can be readily adapted to clinical applications such as identifying auto-immune antigens or host-pathogen interactions.
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The effects of vitamin D, K and calcium co-supplementation on carotid intima-media thickness and metabolic status in overweight type 2 diabetic patients with CHD. Br J Nutr 2016; 116:286-93. [DOI: 10.1017/s0007114516001847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
AbstractThis study was conducted to examine the effects of vitamin D, K and Ca co-supplementation on carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) and metabolic status in overweight diabetic patients with CHD. This randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial was conducted among sixty-six diabetic patients with CHD. Participants were randomly allocated into two groups to take either 5µg vitamin D, 90 µg vitamin K plus 500 mg Ca supplements (n 33) or placebo (n 33) twice a day for 12 weeks. Fasting blood samples were obtained at the beginning of the study and after the 12-week intervention period to determine related markers. Vitamin D, K and Ca co-supplementation resulted in a significant reduction in maximum levels of left CIMT (−0·04 (sd 0·22) v. +0·04 (sd 0·09) mm, P=0·02). Changes in serum vitamin D (+6·5 (sd 7·8) v. +0·4 (sd 2·2) ng/ml, P<0·001), Ca (+0·6 (sd 0·3) v. +0·1 (sd 0·1) mg/dl, P<0·001) and insulin concentrations (−0·9 (sd 3·1) v. +2·6 (sd 7·2) µIU/ml, P=0·01), homoeostasis model for assessment of estimated insulin resistance (−0·4 (sd 1·2) v. +0·7 (sd 2·3), P=0·01), β-cell function (−2·1 (sd 9·0) v. +8·9 (sd 23·7), P=0·01) and quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (+0·007 (sd 0·01) v. −0·006 (sd 0·02), P=0·01) in supplemented patients were significantly different from those in patients in the placebo group. Supplementation resulted in significant changes in HDL-cholesterol (+2·7 (sd 7·0) v. −2·5 (sd 5·7) mg/dl, P=0·002), high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (−1320·1 (sd 3758·3) v. +464·0 (sd 3053·3) ng/ml, P=0·03) and plasma malondialdehyde concentrations (−0·4 (sd 0·5) v. −1·0 (sd 1·1) µmol/l, P=0·007) compared with placebo. Overall, vitamin D, K and Ca co-supplementation for 12 weeks among diabetic patients with CHD had beneficial effects on maximum levels of left CIMT and metabolic status. The effect of vitamin D, K and Ca co-supplementation on maximum levels of left CIMT could be a chance finding.
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Rodriguez-Gil A, Ritter O, Hornung J, Stekman H, Krüger M, Braun T, Kremmer E, Kracht M, Schmitz ML. HIPK family kinases bind and regulate the function of the CCR4-NOT complex. Mol Biol Cell 2016; 27:1969-80. [PMID: 27122605 PMCID: PMC4907730 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e15-09-0629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2015] [Accepted: 04/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Down-regulation of the HIPK interactor CNOT2 leads to reduced HIPK2 protein levels, identifying the CCR4-NOT complex as a new regulator of HIPK2 abundance. Functional assays reveal that HIPK2 and HIPK1 restrict CNOT2-dependent mRNA decay, thus extending the regulatory potential of these kinases to the level of posttranscriptional gene regulation. The serine/threonine kinase HIPK2 functions as a regulator of developmental processes and as a signal integrator of a wide variety of stress signals, such as DNA damage, hypoxia, and reactive oxygen intermediates. Because the kinase is generated in a constitutively active form, its expression levels are restricted by a variety of different mechanisms. Here we identify the CCR4-NOT complex as a new regulator of HIPK2 abundance. Down-regulation or knockout of the CCR4-NOT complex member CNOT2 leads to reduced HIPK2 protein levels without affecting the expression level of HIPK1 or HIPK3. A fraction of all HIPK family members associates with the CCR4-NOT components CNOT2 and CNOT3. HIPKs also phosphorylate the CCR4-NOT complex, a feature that is shared with their yeast progenitor kinase, YAK1. Functional assays reveal that HIPK2 and HIPK1 restrict CNOT2-dependent mRNA decay. HIPKs are well known regulators of transcription, but the mutual regulation between CCR4-NOT and HIPKs extends the regulatory potential of these kinases by enabling posttranscriptional gene regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfonso Rodriguez-Gil
- Institute of Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Justus-Liebig-University, Member of the German Center for Lung Research, D-35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Olesja Ritter
- Institute of Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Justus-Liebig-University, Member of the German Center for Lung Research, D-35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Juliane Hornung
- Institute of Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Justus-Liebig-University, Member of the German Center for Lung Research, D-35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Hilda Stekman
- Institute of Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Justus-Liebig-University, Member of the German Center for Lung Research, D-35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Marcus Krüger
- Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, D-61231 Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Thomas Braun
- Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, D-61231 Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Elisabeth Kremmer
- Institute of Molecular Immunology, Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health, D-81377 Munich; Germany
| | - Michael Kracht
- Rudolf-Buchheim-Institute of Pharmacology, Justus-Liebig-University, Member of the German Center for Lung Research, D-35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - M Lienhard Schmitz
- Institute of Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Justus-Liebig-University, Member of the German Center for Lung Research, D-35392 Giessen, Germany
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Song G, Walley JW. Dynamic Protein Acetylation in Plant-Pathogen Interactions. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:421. [PMID: 27066055 PMCID: PMC4811901 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.00421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2015] [Accepted: 03/18/2016] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Pathogen infection triggers complex molecular perturbations within host cells that results in either resistance or susceptibility. Protein acetylation is an emerging biochemical modification that appears to play central roles during host-pathogen interactions. To date, research in this area has focused on two main themes linking protein acetylation to plant immune signaling. Firstly, it has been established that proper gene expression during defense responses requires modulation of histone acetylation within target gene promoter regions. Second, some pathogens can deliver effector molecules that encode acetyltransferases directly within the host cell to modify acetylation of specific host proteins. Collectively these findings suggest that the acetylation level for a range of host proteins may be modulated to alter the outcome of pathogen infection. This review will focus on summarizing our current understanding of the roles of protein acetylation in plant defense and highlight the utility of proteomics approaches to uncover the complete repertoire of acetylation changes triggered by pathogen infection.
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Wende AR. Post-translational modifications of the cardiac proteome in diabetes and heart failure. Proteomics Clin Appl 2015; 10:25-38. [PMID: 26140508 PMCID: PMC4698356 DOI: 10.1002/prca.201500052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2015] [Revised: 06/03/2015] [Accepted: 06/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular complications are the leading cause of death in diabetic patients. Decades of research has focused on altered gene expression, altered cellular signaling, and altered metabolism. This work has led to better understanding of disease progression and treatments aimed at reversing or stopping this deadly process. However, one of the pieces needed to complete the puzzle and bridge the gap between altered gene expression and changes in signaling/metabolism is the proteome and its host of modifications. Defining the mechanisms of regulation includes examining protein levels, localization, and activity of the functional component of cellular machinery. Excess or misutilization of nutrients in obesity and diabetes may lead to PTMs contributing to cardiovascular disease progression. PTMs link regulation of metabolic changes in the healthy and diseased heart with regulation of gene expression itself (e.g. epigenetics), protein enzymatic activity (e.g. mitochondrial oxidative capacity), and function (e.g. contractile machinery). Although a number of PTMs are involved in each of these pathways, we will highlight the role of the serine and threonine O‐linked addition of β‐N‐acetyl‐glucosamine or O‐GlcNAcylation. This nexus of nutrient supply, utilization, and storage allows for the modification and translation of mitochondrial function to many other aspects of the cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam R Wende
- Department of Pathology, Division of Molecular and Cellular Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
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