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Malik S, Asghar M, Waheed Y. Outlining recent updates on influenza therapeutics and vaccines: A comprehensive review. Vaccine X 2024; 17:100452. [PMID: 38328274 PMCID: PMC10848012 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvacx.2024.100452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Influenza virus has presented a considerable healthcare challenge during the past years, particularly in vulnerable groups with compromised immune systems. Therapeutics and vaccination have always been in research annals since the spread of influenza. Efforts have been going on to develop an antiviral therapeutic approach that could assist in better disease management and reduce the overall disease complexity, resistance development, and fatality rates. On the other hand, vaccination presents a chance for effective, long-term, cost-benefit, and preventive response against the morbidity and mortality associated with the influenza. However, the issues of resistance development, strain mutation, antigenic variability, and inability to cure wide-spectrum and large-scale strains of the virus by available vaccines remain there. The article gathers the updated data for the therapeutics and available influenza vaccines, their mechanism of action, shortcomings, and trials under clinical experimentation. A methodological approach has been adopted to identify the prospective therapeutics and available vaccines approved and within the clinical trials against the influenza virus. Review contains influenza therapeutics, including traditional and novel antiviral drugs and inhibitor therapies against influenza virus as well as research trials based on newer drug combinations and latest technologies such as nanotechnology and organic and plant-based natural products. Most recent development of influenza vaccine has been discussed including some updates on traditional vaccination protocols and discussion on next-generation and upgraded novel technologies. This review will help the readers to understand the righteous approach for dealing with influenza virus infection and for deducing futuristic approaches for novel therapeutic and vaccine trials against Influenza.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiza Malik
- Bridging Health Foundation, Rawalpindi, Punjab 46000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Asghar
- Department of Biology, Lund University, Sweden
- Department of Healthcare Biotechnology, Atta-Ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences (ASAB), National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), H-12, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Yasir Waheed
- Office of Research, Innovation, and Commercialization (ORIC), Shaheed Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto Medical University (SZABMU), Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
- Gilbert and Rose-Marie Chagoury School of Medicine, Lebanese American University, Byblos 1401, Lebanon
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2
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Mamirgova ZZ, Zinin AI, Chizhov AO, Kononov LO. Synthesis of sialyl halides with various acyl protective groups. Carbohydr Res 2024; 536:109033. [PMID: 38295530 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2024.109033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 12/31/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
Glycosyl halides are historically one of the first glycosyl donors used in glycosylation reactions, and interest in glycosylation reactions involving this class of glycosyl donors is currently increasing. New methods for their activation have been proposed and effective syntheses of oligosaccharides with their participation have been developed. At the same time, the possibilities of using these approaches to the synthesis of sialosides are restricted by the limited diversity of known sialyl halides (previously, mainly sialyl chlorides, less often sialyl bromides and sialyl fluorides, with acetyl (Ac) groups at the oxygen atoms and AcNH, Ac2N and N3 groups at C-5 were used). This work describes the synthesis of six new N-acetyl- and N-trifluoroacetyl-sialyl chlorides and bromides with O-chloroacetyl and O-trifluoroacetyl protective groups. Preparation of N,O-trifluoroacetyl protected derivatives was made possible due to development of the synthesis of sialic acid methyl ester pentaol with N-trifluoroacetyl group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zarina Z Mamirgova
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prosp. 47, 119991, Russian Federation
| | - Alexander I Zinin
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prosp. 47, 119991, Russian Federation
| | - Alexander O Chizhov
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prosp. 47, 119991, Russian Federation
| | - Leonid O Kononov
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prosp. 47, 119991, Russian Federation.
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3
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Chand Daskhan G, Ton Tran HT, Cairo CW. Convergent synthesis of a hexadecavalent heterobifunctional ABO blood group glycoconjugate. Carbohydr Res 2024; 535:108988. [PMID: 38048747 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2023.108988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/06/2023]
Abstract
Naturally occurring glycans are often found in a multivalent presentation. Cell surface receptors that recognize these displays may form clusters, which can lead to signalling or endocytosis. One of the challenges in generating synthetic displays of multivalent carbohydrates is providing high valency as well as access to heterofunctional conjugates to allow attachment of multiple antigens or payloads. We designed a strategy based on a set of bifunctional linkers to generate a heterobifunctional multivalent display of two carbohydrate antigens to bind BCR and CD22 with four and twelve antigen copies, respectively. We confirmed that the conjugates were able to engage both CD22 and BCR on cells by observing receptor clustering. The strategy is modular and would allow for alternative carbohydrate antigens to be attached bearing amine and alkyne groups and should be of interest for the development of immunomodulators and vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gour Chand Daskhan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2G2, Canada
| | - Hanh-Thuc Ton Tran
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2G2, Canada
| | - Christopher W Cairo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2G2, Canada.
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4
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Illmann MD, Schäfl L, Drees F, Hartmann L, Schmidt S. Glycan-Presenting Coacervates Derived from Charged Poly(active esters): Preparation, Phase Behavior, and Lectin Capture. Biomacromolecules 2023. [PMID: 37133885 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.3c00046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
This study presents the preparation and phase behavior of glycan-functionalized polyelectrolytes for capturing carbohydrate-binding proteins and bacteria in liquid condensate droplets. The droplets are formed by complex coacervation of poly(active ester)-derived polyanions and polycations. This approach allows for a straightforward modular introduction of charged motifs and specifically interacting units; mannose and galactose oligomers are used here as first examples. The introduction of carbohydrates has a notable effect on the phase separation and the critical salt concentration, potentially by reducing the charge density. Two mannose binding species, concanavalin A (ConA) and Escherichia coli, are shown to not only specifically bind to mannose-functionalized coacervates but also to some degree to unfunctionalized, carbohydrate-free coacervates. This suggests non-carbohydrate-specific charge-charge interactions between the protein/bacteria and the droplets. However, when mannose interactions are inhibited or when non-binding galactose-functionalized polymers are used, interactions are significantly weakened. This confirms specific mannose-mediated binding functionalization and suggests that introducing carbohydrates reduces non-specific charge-charge interactions by a so far unidentified mechanism. Overall, the presented route toward glycan-presenting polyelectrolytes enables new functional liquid condensate droplets with specific biomolecular interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Denise Illmann
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Macromolecular Chemistry, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Universitätsstr. 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Lea Schäfl
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Macromolecular Chemistry, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Universitätsstr. 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Felicitas Drees
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Macromolecular Chemistry, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Universitätsstr. 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Stefan-Meier-Str. 31, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Laura Hartmann
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Macromolecular Chemistry, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Universitätsstr. 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Stefan-Meier-Str. 31, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Stephan Schmidt
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Macromolecular Chemistry, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Universitätsstr. 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Stefan-Meier-Str. 31, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
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5
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Du Z, Gill K, Toprani V, Zydney AL. Sterile filtration of a multi-serotype glycoconjugate vaccine drug product. Biotechnol Bioeng 2023; 120:1316-1322. [PMID: 36726046 DOI: 10.1002/bit.28342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Glycoconjugate vaccines consisting of multiple serotypes of the bacterial capsular polysaccharide can provide strong protection against infection by significant pathogens. Previous studies of the sterile filtration behavior of these glycoconjugates have been limited to experiments with individual serotypes even though the formulated vaccines contain several different serotypes to provide broad immunization. The objective of this study was to explore the fouling behavior of a glycoconjugate vaccine drug product consisting of four different polysaccharide serotypes. Sterile filtration data were obtained with 0.22 µm Durapore® membranes at both constant flux and constant pressure for both the individual serotypes and the drug product containing multiple serotypes. Fouled membranes were examined by confocal microscopy, demonstrating that all four serotypes deposit in a narrow band near the filter inlet. The different ionic composition of the formulation buffer (compared to the buffers used with the drug substance) had a large effect on the fouling behavior. In addition, the fouling resistance associated with the drug product was greater than the sum of the resistances of the individual serotypes. These results provide important insights into the sterile filtration behavior of these multivalent glycoconjugate vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuoshi Du
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Kanwaldeep Gill
- Pharmaceutical Research and Development, Pfizer Inc., Andover, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Vishal Toprani
- Pharmaceutical Research and Development, Pfizer Inc., Andover, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Andrew L Zydney
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
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6
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Phase-Transfer Catalyzed Microfluidic Glycosylation: A Small Change in Concentration Results in a Dramatic Increase in Stereoselectivity. Catalysts 2023. [DOI: 10.3390/catal13020313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Phase-transfer catalysis (PTC) is widely used in glycochemistry for the preparation of aryl glycosides by the glycosylation reaction. While investigating the possibility of synthesis of 4-(3-chloropropoxy)phenyl sialoside (Neu5Ac-OCPP) from N-acetylsialyl chloride with O-acetyl groups (1), we have recently discovered a strong dependence of the PTC glycosylation outcome on the mixing mode: under batch conditions, only α-anomer of Neu5Ac-OCPP was obtained, albeit in low yield (13%), while under microfluidic conditions the yield of Neu5Ac-OCPP increased to 36%, although stereoselectivity decreased (α/β ≤ 6.2). Here, we report that the outcome of this reaction, performed under microfluidic conditions using a Comet X-01 micromixer (at 2 μL/min flow rate), non-linearly depends on the concentration of N-acetylsialyl chloride 1 (5–200 mmol/L). The target Neu5Ac-OCPP was obtained in a noticeably higher yield (up to 66%) accompanied by enhanced stereoselectivity (α/β = 17:1–32:1) in the high concentration range (C > 50 mmol/L), whereas the yield (10–36%) and especially, stereoselectivity (α/β = 0.9:1–6.2:1) were lower in the low concentration range (C ≤ 50 mmol/L). This dramatic stepwise increase in stereoselectivity above critical concentration (50 mmol/L) is apparently related to the changes in the presentation of molecules on the surface of supramers of glycosyl donor, which exist in different concentration ranges.
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7
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Iterative synthesis of 1,3-polyboronic esters with high stereocontrol and application to the synthesis of bahamaolide A. Nat Chem 2023; 15:248-256. [PMID: 36424454 DOI: 10.1038/s41557-022-01087-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Polyketide natural products often contain common repeat motifs, for example, propionate, acetate and deoxypropionate, and so can be synthesized by iterative processes. We report here a highly efficient iterative strategy for the synthesis of polyacetates based on boronic ester homologation that does not require functional group manipulation between iterations. This process involves sequential asymmetric diboration of a terminal alkene, forming a 1,2-bis(boronic ester), followed by regio- and stereoselective homologation of the primary boronic ester with a butenyl metallated carbenoid to generate a 1,3-bis(boronic ester). Each transformation independently controls the stereochemical configuration, making the process highly versatile, and the sequence can be iterated prior to stereospecific oxidation of the 1,3-polyboronic ester to yield the 1,3-polyol. This methodology has been applied to a 14-step synthesis of the oxopolyene macrolide bahamaolide A, and the versatility of the 1,3-polyboronic esters has been demonstrated in various stereospecific transformations, leading to polyalkenes, -alkynes, -ketones and -aromatics with full stereocontrol.
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8
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Martínez-Bailén M, Rojo J, Ramos-Soriano J. Multivalent glycosystems for human lectins. Chem Soc Rev 2023; 52:536-572. [PMID: 36545903 DOI: 10.1039/d2cs00736c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Human lectins are involved in a wide variety of biological processes, both physiological and pathological, which have attracted the interest of the scientific community working in the glycoscience field. Multivalent glycosystems have been employed as useful tools to understand carbohydrate-lectin binding processes as well as for biomedical applications. The review shows the different scaffolds designed for a multivalent presentation of sugars and their corresponding binding studies to lectins and in some cases, their biological activities. We summarise this research by organizing based on lectin types to highlight the progression in this active field. The paper provides an overall picture of how these contributions have furnished relevant information on this topic to help in understanding and participate in these carbohydrate-lectin interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Macarena Martínez-Bailén
- Glycosystems Laboratory, Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas (IIQ), CSIC - Universidad de Sevilla, Av. Américo Vespucio 49, Seville 41092, Spain.
| | - Javier Rojo
- Glycosystems Laboratory, Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas (IIQ), CSIC - Universidad de Sevilla, Av. Américo Vespucio 49, Seville 41092, Spain.
| | - Javier Ramos-Soriano
- Glycosystems Laboratory, Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas (IIQ), CSIC - Universidad de Sevilla, Av. Américo Vespucio 49, Seville 41092, Spain.
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9
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Hassanzadeh P, Atyabi F, Dinarvand R. Nanobionics: From plant empowering to the infectious disease treatment. J Control Release 2022; 349:890-901. [PMID: 35901860 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2022.07.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Revised: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
Infectious diseases (ID) are serious threats against the global health and socio-economic conditions. Vaccination usually plays a key role in disease prevention, however, insufficient efficiency or immunogenicity may be quite challenging. Using the advanced vectors for delivery of vaccines with suitable efficiency, safety, and immune-modulatory activity, and tunable characteristics could be helpful, but there are no systematic reviews confirming the capabilities of the vaccine delivery systems for covering various types of pathogens. Furthermore, high rates of the infections, transmission, and fatal ratio and diversity of the pathogens and infection mechanisms may negatively influence vaccine effectiveness. The absence of highly-effective antibiotics against the resistant strains of bacteria and longevity of antibiotic testing have provoked increasing needs towards the application of more accurate and specific theranostic strategies including the nanotechnology-based ones. Nanobionics which is based on the charge storage and transport in the molecular structures, could be of key value in the molecular diagnostic tests and highly-specific electro-analytical methods or devices. Such devices based on the early disease diagnostics might be of critical significance against various types of diseases. This article highlights the significance of nanobionics against ID.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parichehr Hassanzadeh
- Nanotechnology Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 13169-43551, Iran; Sasan Hospital, Tehran 14159-83391, Iran.
| | - Fatemeh Atyabi
- Nanotechnology Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 13169-43551, Iran
| | - Rassoul Dinarvand
- Nanotechnology Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 13169-43551, Iran
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10
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Myachin IV, Mamirgova ZZ, Stepanova EV, Zinin AI, Chizhov AO, Kononov L. Black swan in phase transfer catalysis: influence of mixing mode on the stereoselectivity of glycosylation. European J Org Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202101377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ilya V. Myachin
- Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry RAS: Institut organiceskoj himii imeni N D Zelinskogo RAN Laboratory of Glycochemistry RUSSIAN FEDERATION
| | - Zarina Z. Mamirgova
- Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry RAS: Institut organiceskoj himii imeni N D Zelinskogo RAN Laboratory of Glycochemistry RUSSIAN FEDERATION
| | - Elena V. Stepanova
- Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry RAS: Institut organiceskoj himii imeni N D Zelinskogo RAN Laboraory of Glycochemistry RUSSIAN FEDERATION
| | - Alexander I. Zinin
- Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry RAS: Institut organiceskoj himii imeni N D Zelinskogo RAN Laboratory of Glycochemistry RUSSIAN FEDERATION
| | - Alexander O. Chizhov
- Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry RAS: Institut organiceskoj himii imeni N D Zelinskogo RAN Laboratory of Glycochemistry RUSSIAN FEDERATION
| | - Leonid Kononov
- N.D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry Laboratory of Glycochemistry Leninsky prosp., 47 119991 Moscow RUSSIAN FEDERATION
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11
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Tanzi L, Terreni M, Zhang Y. Synthesis and biological application of glyco- and peptide derivatives of fullerene C60. Eur J Med Chem 2022; 230:114104. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2022.114104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Revised: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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12
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Multivalent peptide dendrimers inhibit the fusion of viral-cellular membranes and the cellular NF-κB signaling pathway. Eur J Med Chem 2022; 230:114140. [PMID: 35085860 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2022.114140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Revised: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The binding of the influenza A virus (IAV) to host cells is multivalent interactions between the hemagglutinin (HA) trimer and sialic acid residues on the cell surface, which present a challenge for the development of efficient antiviral drugs interfering with the entry of IAV into host cells. In this study, a number of multivalent peptide dendrimers targeting the HA2 subunit of HA to block the fusion between viral-cellular membranes have been created, of which FMOC-4-KKWK showed the lowest cytotoxicity, while in the nanomolar concentration range of antiviral effects. In addition to being active against a panel of various subtypes of influenza viruses, these dendrimers reduced the levels of NF-κB in RAW 264.7 cells and inhibited the overexpression of proinflammatory cytokines of TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 that are associated with the influenza infection. Further tests in mice infected with a lethal dose of PR8 virus showed that these dendrimers increased the survival rate of mice, and reduced the viral load in the lungs. Significantly, this is the first report describing peptide dendrimers that target the HA2 subunit of IAV, differing from those using carbohydrates as ligands to block the adsorption of viruses to host cells.
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13
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Reisbeck F, Wedepohl S, Dimde M, Schmitt AC, Dernedde J, Álvaro-Benito M, Freund C, Haag R. Synthesis and functionalization of dendritic polyglycerol-based nanogels: application in T cell activation. J Mater Chem B 2021; 10:96-106. [PMID: 34881771 DOI: 10.1039/d1tb02144c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The concept of multivalency finds various applications in the fields of chemistry and biology, relying on the principle that multiple weak interactions can lead to strong adhesive forces. Polymeric carriers are promising tools to translate these properties into the field of biomedicine, especially upon functionalization by active biomolecules, such as antibodies. In this study we report on the synthesis of dendritic polyglycerol (dPG) and dPG-based nanogels (NGs) as platforms for the multivalent display of molecules and their potential application as carrier units. Macromolecules based on dPG were synthesized and NGs were generated by strain-promoted azide-alkyne cycloaddition (SPAAC) by inverse nanoprecipitation under mild conditions. Scale-up screening rendered a reproducible method for a batch size of up to 50 mg for the formation of NGs in a size range of 150 nm with narrow dispersity. Dye-labelled bovine serum albumin (FITC-BSA) was chosen as a model protein and showed successful conjugation to the carriers, while the protein's secondary structure was not affected. Consequently, cyanine-5-amine (Cy5-NH2) and avidin (Av) were conjugated in order to exploit the strong avidin-biotin interaction, facilitating the directed attachment of a myriad of biotinylated (bio)molecules. As a proof-of-concept, the biotinylated monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) α-CD3 and α-CD28 were attached to the platforms and their capability to activate T cells was assessed. Experiments were performed with a Jurkat reporter cell line which expresses green fluorescent protein (GFP) upon activation, providing a rapid and reliable readout by flow cytometry. Carriers clearly outperformed conventional compounds for activation (i.e. antibodies crosslinked with anti-IgG antibody) at significantly lower dosages. These findings could be confirmed by confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM), showing accumulation of the functional nanoplatforms at the cell surface and cytoplasmic GFP expression (>95% activation of cells for the multivalent conjugates at 10 μg mL-1 compared to 37% activation with conventionally crosslinked mAbs at 25 μg mL-1), whereas carriers without mAbs could not activate cells. As the attachment of biotinylated molecules to the functional nanoplatforms is straightforward, the results obtained show the great potential of our platforms for a broad range of applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Reisbeck
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustr. 3, 14195 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Stefanie Wedepohl
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustr. 3, 14195 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Mathias Dimde
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustr. 3, 14195 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Ann-Cathrin Schmitt
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustr. 3, 14195 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Jens Dernedde
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Insitute of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Chemistry, and Pathobiochemistry, CVK Augustenburger Platz 1, 13535 Berlin, Germany
| | - Miguel Álvaro-Benito
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Thielallee 63, 14195 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Christian Freund
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Thielallee 63, 14195 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Rainer Haag
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustr. 3, 14195 Berlin, Germany.
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14
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Stadtmueller MN, Bhatia S, Kiran P, Hilsch M, Reiter-Scherer V, Adam L, Parshad B, Budt M, Klenk S, Sellrie K, Lauster D, Seeberger PH, Hackenberger CPR, Herrmann A, Haag R, Wolff T. Evaluation of Multivalent Sialylated Polyglycerols for Resistance Induction in and Broad Antiviral Activity against Influenza A Viruses. J Med Chem 2021; 64:12774-12789. [PMID: 34432457 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c00794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The development of multivalent sialic acid-based inhibitors active against a variety of influenza A virus (IAV) strains has been hampered by high genetic and structural variability of the targeted viral hemagglutinin (HA). Here, we addressed this challenge by employing sialylated polyglycerols (PGs). Efficacy of prototypic PGs was restricted to a narrow spectrum of IAV strains. To understand this restriction, we selected IAV mutants resistant to a prototypic multivalent sialylated PG by serial passaging. Resistance mutations mapped to the receptor binding site of HA, which was accompanied by altered receptor binding profiles of mutant viruses as detected by glycan array analysis. Specifying the inhibitor functionalization to 2,6-α-sialyllactose (SL) and adjusting the linker yielded a rationally designed inhibitor covering an extended spectrum of inhibited IAV strains. These results highlight the importance of integrating virological data with chemical synthesis and structural data for the development of sialylated PGs toward broad anti-influenza compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marlena N Stadtmueller
- Unit 17, Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses, Robert Koch-Institut, Seestraße 10, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Sumati Bhatia
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustr. 3, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Pallavi Kiran
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustr. 3, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Malte Hilsch
- Institut für Biologie, Molekulare Biophysik, IRI Life Sciences, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Invalidenstr. 42, 10115 Berlin, Germany
| | - Valentin Reiter-Scherer
- Institut für Biologie, Molekulare Biophysik, IRI Life Sciences, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Invalidenstr. 42, 10115 Berlin, Germany
| | - Lutz Adam
- Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP), Robert-Roessle Strasse 10, 13125 Berlin, Germany.,Institut für Chemie, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Brook-Taylor Str. 2, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Badri Parshad
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustr. 3, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Matthias Budt
- Unit 17, Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses, Robert Koch-Institut, Seestraße 10, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Simon Klenk
- Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP), Robert-Roessle Strasse 10, 13125 Berlin, Germany.,Institut für Chemie, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Brook-Taylor Str. 2, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Katrin Sellrie
- Department for Biomolecular Systems, Max Planck Institute for Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Daniel Lauster
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustr. 3, 14195 Berlin, Germany.,Institut für Biologie, Molekulare Biophysik, IRI Life Sciences, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Invalidenstr. 42, 10115 Berlin, Germany
| | - Peter H Seeberger
- Department for Biomolecular Systems, Max Planck Institute for Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Christian P R Hackenberger
- Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP), Robert-Roessle Strasse 10, 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Andreas Herrmann
- Institut für Biologie, Molekulare Biophysik, IRI Life Sciences, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Invalidenstr. 42, 10115 Berlin, Germany
| | - Rainer Haag
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustr. 3, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Thorsten Wolff
- Unit 17, Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses, Robert Koch-Institut, Seestraße 10, 13353 Berlin, Germany
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15
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Su L, Feng Y, Wei K, Xu X, Liu R, Chen G. Carbohydrate-Based Macromolecular Biomaterials. Chem Rev 2021; 121:10950-11029. [PMID: 34338501 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c01338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Carbohydrates are the most abundant and one of the most important biomacromolecules in Nature. Except for energy-related compounds, carbohydrates can be roughly divided into two categories: Carbohydrates as matter and carbohydrates as information. As matter, carbohydrates are abundantly present in the extracellular matrix of animals and cell walls of various plants, bacteria, fungi, etc., serving as scaffolds. Some commonly found polysaccharides are featured as biocompatible materials with controllable rigidity and functionality, forming polymeric biomaterials which are widely used in drug delivery, tissue engineering, etc. As information, carbohydrates are usually referred to the glycans from glycoproteins, glycolipids, and proteoglycans, which bind to proteins or other carbohydrates, thereby meditating the cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions. These glycans could be simplified as synthetic glycopolymers, glycolipids, and glycoproteins, which could be afforded through polymerization, multistep synthesis, or a semisynthetic strategy. The information role of carbohydrates can be demonstrated not only as targeting reagents but also as immune antigens and adjuvants. The latter are also included in this review as they are always in a macromolecular formulation. In this review, we intend to provide a relatively comprehensive summary of carbohydrate-based macromolecular biomaterials since 2010 while emphasizing the fundamental understanding to guide the rational design of biomaterials. Carbohydrate-based macromolecules on the basis of their resources and chemical structures will be discussed, including naturally occurring polysaccharides, naturally derived synthetic polysaccharides, glycopolymers/glycodendrimers, supramolecular glycopolymers, and synthetic glycolipids/glycoproteins. Multiscale structure-function relationships in several major application areas, including delivery systems, tissue engineering, and immunology, will be detailed. We hope this review will provide valuable information for the development of carbohydrate-based macromolecular biomaterials and build a bridge between the carbohydrates as matter and the carbohydrates as information to promote new biomaterial design in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Su
- The State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers and Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China.,Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Laboratory of Macromolecular and Organic Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven 5600, The Netherlands
| | - Yingle Feng
- The State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers and Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China.,Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710119, P. R. China
| | - Kongchang Wei
- Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Department of Materials meet Life, Laboratory for Biomimetic Membranes and Textiles, Lerchenfeldstrasse 5, St. Gallen 9014, Switzerland
| | - Xuyang Xu
- The State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers and Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Rongying Liu
- The State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers and Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Guosong Chen
- The State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers and Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China.,Multiscale Research Institute of Complex Systems, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
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16
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Hwang SB, Chelliah R, Kang JE, Rubab M, Banan-MwineDaliri E, Elahi F, Oh DH. Role of Recent Therapeutic Applications and the Infection Strategies of Shiga Toxin-Producing Escherichia coli. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 11:614963. [PMID: 34268129 PMCID: PMC8276698 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.614963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) is a global foodborne bacterial pathogen that is often accountable for colon disorder or distress. STEC commonly induces severe diarrhea in hosts but can cause critical illnesses due to the Shiga toxin virulence factors. To date, there have been a significant number of STEC serotypes have been evolved. STECs vary from nausea and hemorrhoid (HC) to possible lethal hemolytic-based uremic syndrome (HUS), thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP). Inflammation-based STEC is usually a foodborne illness with Shiga toxins (Stx 1 and 2) thought to be pathogenesis. The STEC's pathogenicity depends significantly on developing one or more Shiga toxins, which can constrain host cell protein synthesis leading to cytotoxicity. In managing STEC infections, antimicrobial agents are generally avoided, as bacterial damage and discharge of accumulated toxins are thought the body. It has also been documented that certain antibiotics improve toxin production and the development of these species. Many different groups have attempted various therapies, including toxin-focused antibodies, toxin-based polymers, synbiotic agents, and secondary metabolites remedies. Besides, in recent years, antibiotics' efficacy in treating STEC infections has been reassessed with some encouraging methods. Nevertheless, the primary role of synbiotic effectiveness (probiotic and prebiotic) against pathogenic STEC and other enteropathogens is less recognized. Additional studies are required to understand the mechanisms of action of probiotic bacteria and yeast against STEC infection. Because of the consensus contraindication of antimicrobials for these bacterial pathogens, the examination was focused on alternative remedy strategies for STEC infections. The rise of novel STEC serotypes and approaches employed in its treatment are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su-bin Hwang
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, South Korea
| | - Ramachandran Chelliah
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, South Korea
| | - Ji Eun Kang
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, South Korea
| | - Momna Rubab
- School of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Management and Technology, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Eric Banan-MwineDaliri
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, South Korea
| | - Fazle Elahi
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, South Korea
| | - Deog-Hwan Oh
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, South Korea
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17
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Jicsinszky L, Martina K, Cravotto G. Cyclodextrins in the antiviral therapy. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2021; 64:102589. [PMID: 34035845 PMCID: PMC8135197 DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2021.102589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The main antiviral drug-cyclodextrin interactions, changes in physicochemical and physiological properties of the most commonly used virucides are summarized. The potential complexation of antiviral molecules against the SARS-Cov2 also pointed out the lack of detailed information in designing effective and general medicines against viral infections. The principal problem of the current molecules is the 3D structures of the currently active compounds. Improving the solubility or bioavailability of antiviral molecules is possible, however, there is no universal solution, and the complexation experiments dominantly use the already approved cyclodextrin derivatives. This review discusses the basic properties of the different cyclodextrin derivatives, their potential in antiviral formulations, and the prevention and treatment of viral infections. The biologically active new cyclodextrin derivatives are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- László Jicsinszky
- Dept. of Drug Science and Technology, University of Turin, Via Giuria 9, 10125, Torino, Italy
| | - Katia Martina
- Dept. of Drug Science and Technology, University of Turin, Via Giuria 9, 10125, Torino, Italy
| | - Giancarlo Cravotto
- Dept. of Drug Science and Technology, University of Turin, Via Giuria 9, 10125, Torino, Italy
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18
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Anderluh M, Berti F, Bzducha-Wróbel A, Chiodo F, Colombo C, Compostella F, Durlik K, Ferhati X, Holmdahl R, Jovanovic D, Kaca W, Lay L, Marinovic-Cincovic M, Marradi M, Ozil M, Polito L, Reina JJ, Reis CA, Sackstein R, Silipo A, Švajger U, Vaněk O, Yamamoto F, Richichi B, van Vliet SJ. Recent advances on smart glycoconjugate vaccines in infections and cancer. FEBS J 2021; 289:4251-4303. [PMID: 33934527 PMCID: PMC9542079 DOI: 10.1111/febs.15909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Revised: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Vaccination is one of the greatest achievements in biomedical research preventing death and morbidity in many infectious diseases through the induction of pathogen-specific humoral and cellular immune responses. Currently, no effective vaccines are available for pathogens with a highly variable antigenic load, such as the human immunodeficiency virus or to induce cellular T-cell immunity in the fight against cancer. The recent SARS-CoV-2 outbreak has reinforced the relevance of designing smart therapeutic vaccine modalities to ensure public health. Indeed, academic and private companies have ongoing joint efforts to develop novel vaccine prototypes for this virus. Many pathogens are covered by a dense glycan-coat, which form an attractive target for vaccine development. Moreover, many tumor types are characterized by altered glycosylation profiles that are known as "tumor-associated carbohydrate antigens". Unfortunately, glycans do not provoke a vigorous immune response and generally serve as T-cell-independent antigens, not eliciting protective immunoglobulin G responses nor inducing immunological memory. A close and continuous crosstalk between glycochemists and glycoimmunologists is essential for the successful development of efficient immune modulators. It is clear that this is a key point for the discovery of novel approaches, which could significantly improve our understanding of the immune system. In this review, we discuss the latest advancements in development of vaccines against glycan epitopes to gain selective immune responses and to provide an overview on the role of different immunogenic constructs in improving glycovaccine efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marko Anderluh
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chair of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | | | - Anna Bzducha-Wróbel
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Microbiology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, Warszawa, Poland
| | - Fabrizio Chiodo
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry (ICB), Italian National Research Council (CNR), Pozzuoli, Italy
| | - Cinzia Colombo
- Department of Chemistry and CRC Materiali Polimerici (LaMPo), University of Milan, Italy
| | - Federica Compostella
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Milano, Italy
| | - Katarzyna Durlik
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Jan Kochanowski University, Kielce, Poland
| | - Xhenti Ferhati
- Department of Chemistry 'Ugo Schiff', University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Rikard Holmdahl
- Division of Medical Inflammation Research, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Dragana Jovanovic
- Vinča Institute of Nuclear Sciences - National Institute of thе Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Wieslaw Kaca
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Jan Kochanowski University, Kielce, Poland
| | - Luigi Lay
- Department of Chemistry and CRC Materiali Polimerici (LaMPo), University of Milan, Italy
| | - Milena Marinovic-Cincovic
- Vinča Institute of Nuclear Sciences - National Institute of thе Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Marco Marradi
- Department of Chemistry 'Ugo Schiff', University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Musa Ozil
- Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Recep Tayyip Erdogan University, Rize, Turkey
| | - Laura Polito
- National Research Council, CNR-SCITEC, Milan, Italy
| | - Josè Juan Reina
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad de Málaga-IBIMA, Spain.,Andalusian Centre for Nanomedicine and Biotechnology-BIONAND, Parque Tecnológico de Andalucía, Málaga, Spain
| | - Celso A Reis
- I3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Portugal.,IPATIMUP-Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology, University of Porto, Portugal.,Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, University of Porto, Portugal
| | - Robert Sackstein
- Department of Translational Medicine, Translational Glycobiology Institute, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Alba Silipo
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Complesso Universitario Monte Sant'Angelo, Napoli, Italy
| | - Urban Švajger
- Blood Transfusion Center of Slovenia, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Ondřej Vaněk
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Fumiichiro Yamamoto
- Immunohematology & Glycobiology Laboratory, Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute, Badalona, Spain
| | - Barbara Richichi
- Department of Chemistry 'Ugo Schiff', University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Sandra J van Vliet
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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19
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Hohlfeld BF, Gitter B, Kingsbury CJ, Flanagan KJ, Steen D, Wieland GD, Kulak N, Senge MO, Wiehe A. Dipyrrinato-Iridium(III) Complexes for Application in Photodynamic Therapy and Antimicrobial Photodynamic Inactivation. Chemistry 2021; 27:6440-6459. [PMID: 33236800 PMCID: PMC8248005 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202004776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The generation of bio-targetable photosensitizers is of utmost importance to the emerging field of photodynamic therapy and antimicrobial (photo-)therapy. A synthetic strategy is presented in which chelating dipyrrin moieties are used to enhance the known photoactivity of iridium(III) metal complexes. Formed complexes can thus be functionalized in a facile manner with a range of targeting groups at their chemically active reaction sites. Dipyrrins with N- and O-substituents afforded (dipy)iridium(III) complexes via complexation with the respective Cp*-iridium(III) and ppy-iridium(III) precursors (dipy=dipyrrinato, Cp*=pentamethyl-η5 -cyclopentadienyl, ppy=2-phenylpyridyl). Similarly, electron-deficient [IrIII (dipy)(ppy)2 ] complexes could be used for post-functionalization, forming alkenyl, alkynyl and glyco-appended iridium(III) complexes. The phototoxic activity of these complexes has been assessed in cellular and bacterial assays with and without light; the [IrIII (Cl)(Cp*)(dipy)] complexes and the glyco-substituted iridium(III) complexes showing particular promise as photomedicine candidates. Representative crystal structures of the complexes are also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin F. Hohlfeld
- Institut für Chemie u. BiochemieFreie Universität BerlinTakustr. 314195BerlinGermany
- biolitec research GmbHOtto-Schott-Str. 1507745JenaGermany
| | | | - Christopher J. Kingsbury
- Medicinal Chemistry, Trinity Translational Medicine InstituteTrinity Centre for Health SciencesTrinity College Dublin, The University of DublinSt James's HospitalDublin8Ireland
| | - Keith J. Flanagan
- Medicinal Chemistry, Trinity Translational Medicine InstituteTrinity Centre for Health SciencesTrinity College Dublin, The University of DublinSt James's HospitalDublin8Ireland
| | - Dorika Steen
- biolitec research GmbHOtto-Schott-Str. 1507745JenaGermany
| | | | - Nora Kulak
- Institut für Chemie u. BiochemieFreie Universität BerlinTakustr. 314195BerlinGermany
- Institut für ChemieOtto-von-Guericke-Universität MagdeburgUniversitätsplatz 239106MagdeburgGermany
| | - Mathias O. Senge
- Medicinal Chemistry, Trinity Translational Medicine InstituteTrinity Centre for Health SciencesTrinity College Dublin, The University of DublinSt James's HospitalDublin8Ireland
- Institute for Advanced Study (TUM-IAS)Technical University of MunichLichtenbergstrasse 2a85748GarchingGermany
| | - Arno Wiehe
- Institut für Chemie u. BiochemieFreie Universität BerlinTakustr. 314195BerlinGermany
- biolitec research GmbHOtto-Schott-Str. 1507745JenaGermany
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20
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Schröer F, Paul TJ, Wilms D, Saatkamp TH, Jäck N, Müller J, Strzelczyk AK, Schmidt S. Lectin and E. coli Binding to Carbohydrate-Functionalized Oligo(ethylene glycol)-Based Microgels: Effect of Elastic Modulus, Crosslinker and Carbohydrate Density. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26020263. [PMID: 33430287 PMCID: PMC7825725 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26020263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Revised: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The synthesis of carbohydrate-functionalized biocompatible poly(oligo(ethylene glycol) methacrylate microgels and the analysis of the specific binding to concanavalin A (ConA) and Escherichia coli (E. coli) is shown. By using different crosslinkers, the microgels' size, density and elastic modulus were varied. Given similar mannose (Man) functionalization degrees, the softer microgels show increased ConA uptake, possibly due to increased ConA diffusion in the less dense microgel network. Furthermore, although the microgels did not form clusters with E. coli in solution, surfaces coated with mannose-functionalized microgels are shown to bind the bacteria whereas galactose (Gal) and unfunctionalized microgels show no binding. While ConA binding depends on the overall microgels' density and Man functionalization degree, E. coli binding to microgels' surfaces appears to be largely unresponsive to changes of these parameters, indicating a rather promiscuous surface recognition and sufficiently strong anchoring to few surface-exposed Man units. Overall, these results indicate that carbohydrate-functionalized biocompatible oligo(ethylene glycol)-based microgels are able to immobilize carbohydrate binding pathogens specifically and that the binding of free lectins can be controlled by the network density.
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21
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Hassanzadeh P. Nanotheranostics against COVID-19: From multivalent to immune-targeted materials. J Control Release 2020; 328:112-126. [PMID: 32882269 PMCID: PMC7457914 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2020.08.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Revised: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Destructive impacts of COVID-19 pandemic worldwide necessitates taking more appropriate measures for mitigating virus spread and development of the effective theranostic agents. In general, high heterogeneity of viruses is a major challenging issue towards the development of effective antiviral agents. Regarding the coronavirus, its high mutation rates can negatively affect virus detection process or the efficiency of drugs and vaccines in development or induce drug resistance. Bioengineered nanomaterials with suitable physicochemical characteristics for site-specific therapeutic delivery, highly-sensitive nanobiosensors for detection of very low virus concentration, and real-time protections using the nanorobots can provide roadmaps towards the imminent breakthroughs in theranostics of a variety of diseases including the COVID-19. Besides revolutionizing the classical disinfection procedures, state-of-the-art nanotechnology-based approaches enable providing the analytical tools for accelerated monitoring of coronavirus and associated biomarkers or drug delivery towards the pulmonary system or other affected organs. Multivalent nanomaterials capable of interaction with multivalent pathogens including the viruses could be suitable candidates for viral detection and prevention of further infections. Besides the inactivation or destruction of the virus, functionalized nanoparticles capable of modulating patient's immune response might be of great significance for attenuating the exaggerated inflammatory reactions or development of the effective nanovaccines and medications against the virus pandemics including the COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parichehr Hassanzadeh
- Nanotechnology Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 13169-43551, Iran.
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22
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Tang JSJ, Schade K, Tepper L, Chea S, Ziegler G, Rosencrantz RR. Optimization of the Microwave Assisted Glycosylamines Synthesis Based on a Statistical Design of Experiments Approach. Molecules 2020; 25:E5121. [PMID: 33158070 PMCID: PMC7663175 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25215121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2020] [Revised: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Glycans carry a vast range of functions in nature. Utilizing their properties and functions in form of polymers, coatings or glycan derivatives for various applications makes the synthesis of modified glycans crucial. Since amines are easy to modify for subsequent reactions, we investigated regioselective amination conditions of different saccharides. Amination reactions were performed according to Kochetkov and Likhoshertov and accelerated by microwave irradiation. We optimized the synthesis of glycosylamines for N-acetyl-d-galactosamine, d-lactose, d-glucuronic acid and l-(-)-fucose using the design of experiments (DoE) approach. DoE enables efficient optimization with limited number of experimental data. A DoE software generated a set of experiments where reaction temperature, concentration of carbohydrate, nature of aminating agent and solvent were investigated. We found that the synthesis of glycosylamines significantly depends on the nature of the carbohydrate and on the reaction temperature. There is strong indication that high temperatures are favored for the amination reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jo Sing Julia Tang
- Fraunhofer Institute for Applied Polymer Research IAP, Biofunctionalized Materials and (Glyco) Biotechnology, Geiselbergstr. 69, 14476 Potsdam, Germany; (J.S.J.T.); (K.S.); (S.C.); (G.Z.)
| | - Kristin Schade
- Fraunhofer Institute for Applied Polymer Research IAP, Biofunctionalized Materials and (Glyco) Biotechnology, Geiselbergstr. 69, 14476 Potsdam, Germany; (J.S.J.T.); (K.S.); (S.C.); (G.Z.)
| | - Lucas Tepper
- Department of Physics, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 14, 14195 Berlin, Germany;
| | - Sany Chea
- Fraunhofer Institute for Applied Polymer Research IAP, Biofunctionalized Materials and (Glyco) Biotechnology, Geiselbergstr. 69, 14476 Potsdam, Germany; (J.S.J.T.); (K.S.); (S.C.); (G.Z.)
| | - Gregor Ziegler
- Fraunhofer Institute for Applied Polymer Research IAP, Biofunctionalized Materials and (Glyco) Biotechnology, Geiselbergstr. 69, 14476 Potsdam, Germany; (J.S.J.T.); (K.S.); (S.C.); (G.Z.)
| | - Ruben R. Rosencrantz
- Fraunhofer Institute for Applied Polymer Research IAP, Biofunctionalized Materials and (Glyco) Biotechnology, Geiselbergstr. 69, 14476 Potsdam, Germany; (J.S.J.T.); (K.S.); (S.C.); (G.Z.)
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23
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Farabi K, Manabe Y, Ichikawa H, Miyake S, Tsutsui M, Kabayama K, Yamaji T, Tanaka K, Hung SC, Fukase K. Concise and Reliable Syntheses of Glycodendrimers via Self-Activating Click Chemistry: A Robust Strategy for Mimicking Multivalent Glycan-Pathogen Interactions. J Org Chem 2020; 85:16014-16023. [PMID: 33058668 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c01547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Individual interactions between glycans and their receptors are usually weak, although these weak interactions can combine to realize a strong interaction (multivalency). Such multivalency plays a crucial role in the recognition of host cells by pathogens. Glycodendrimers are useful materials for the reconstruction of this multivalent interaction. However, the introduction of a large number of glycans to a dendrimer core is fraught with difficulties. We herein synthesized antipathogenic glycodendrimers using the self-activating click chemistry (SACC) method developed by our group. The excellent reactivity of SACC enabled the efficient preparation of sialyl glycan and Gb3 glycan dendrimers, which exhibited strong avidity toward hemagglutinin on influenza virus and Shiga toxin B subunit produced by Escherichia coli, respectively. We demonstrated the usefulness of SACC-based glycodendrimers as antipathogenic compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kindi Farabi
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama-cho, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Manabe
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama-cho, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan.,Core for Medicine and Science Collaborative Research and Education, Project Research Center for Fundamental Sciences, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama-cho, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Ichikawa
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama-cho, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
| | - Shuto Miyake
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama-cho, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
| | - Masato Tsutsui
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama-cho, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
| | - Kazuya Kabayama
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama-cho, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan.,Core for Medicine and Science Collaborative Research and Education, Project Research Center for Fundamental Sciences, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama-cho, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Yamaji
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Toyama 1-23-1, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan
| | - Katsunori Tanaka
- Biofunctional Synthetic Chemistry Laboratory, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan.,School of Materials and Chemical Technology, Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8552, Japan
| | - Shang-Cheng Hung
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, 128, Section 2, Academia Road, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Koichi Fukase
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama-cho, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan.,Core for Medicine and Science Collaborative Research and Education, Project Research Center for Fundamental Sciences, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama-cho, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
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24
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Romero-Ben E, Mena Barragán T, García de Dionisio E, Sánchez-Fernández EM, Garcia Fernández JM, Guillén-Mancina E, López-Lázaro M, Khiar N. Mannose-coated polydiacetylene (PDA)-based nanomicelles: synthesis, interaction with concanavalin A and application in the water solubilization and delivery of hydrophobic molecules. J Mater Chem B 2020; 7:5930-5946. [PMID: 31512707 DOI: 10.1039/c9tb01218d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Carbohydrate-lectin interactions are involved in a number of relevant biological events including fertilization, immune response, cell adhesion, tumour cell metastasis, and pathogen infection. Lectins are also tissue specific, making carbohydrates not only promising drug candidates but also excellent low molecular weight ligands for active drug delivery system decorations. In order for these interactions to be effective multivalency is essential, as the interaction of a lectin with its cognate monovalent carbohydrate epitope usually takes place with low affinity. Unlike the covalent approach, supramolecular self-assembly of glyco-monomers mediated by non-covalent forces allows accessing multivalent systems with diverse topology, composition, and assembly dynamics in a single step. In order to fine-tune the size and sugar adaptability of spherical micelles at the nanoscale for an optimal glycoside cluster effect, herein we report the synthesis of mannose-coated static micelles from diacetylene-based mannopyranosyl glycolipids differing in the length of the poly(ethyleneglycol) (PEG) chains and the oxidation state of the anomeric sulfur atom. The reported shot-gun like synthetic approach for the synthesis of dilution-insensitive micelles is based on the ability of diacetylenic-based neoglycolipids to self-assemble into micelles in water and to undergo an easy photopolymerization by a simple irradiation at 254 nm. The affinity of the obtained 6 nanosystems was assessed by enzyme-linked lectin assay (ELLA) using the mannose-specific concanavalin A lectin as a model receptor. Relative binding potency enhancements, compared to methyl α-d-mannopyranoside used as control, from 20-, to 29- to 300-fold on a sugar molar basis were observed for micelles derived from sulfonyl-, sulfinyl- and thioglycoside monomers with a tatraethyleneglycol spacer, respectively, indicative of a significant cluster glycoside effect. Moreover, pMic1 micelles are able to solubilize and slowly liberate lipophilic clinically relevant drugs, and show the enhanced cytotoxic effect of docetaxel toward prostate cancer cells. These findings highlight the potential of mannose-coated photopolymerized micelles pMic1 as an efficient nanovector for active delivery of cytotoxic hydrophobic molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Romero-Ben
- Asymmetric Synthesis and Functional Nanosystems Group. Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas (IIQ), CSIC and Universidad de Sevilla, C/Américo Vespucio 49, 41092, Seville, Spain.
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25
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Deal BR, Ma R, Ma VPY, Su H, Kindt JT, Salaita K. Engineering DNA-Functionalized Nanostructures to Bind Nucleic Acid Targets Heteromultivalently with Enhanced Avidity. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:9653-9660. [PMID: 32338896 PMCID: PMC7340273 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c01568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Improving the affinity of nucleic acids to their complements is an important goal for many fields spanning from genomics to antisense therapy and diagnostics. One potential approach to achieving this goal is to use multivalent binding, which often boosts the affinity between ligands and receptors, as exemplified by virus-cell binding and antibody-antigen interactions. Herein, we investigate the binding of heteromultivalent DNA-nanoparticle conjugates, where multiple unique oligonucleotides displayed on a nanoparticle form a multivalent complex with a long DNA target containing the complementary sequences. By developing a strategy to spatially pattern oligonucleotides on a nanoparticle, we demonstrate that the molecular organization of heteromultivalent nanostructures is critical for effective binding; patterned particles have a ∼23 order-of-magnitude improvement in affinity compared to chemically identical particles patterned incorrectly. We envision that nanostructures presenting spatially patterned heteromultivalent DNA will offer important biomedical applications given the utility of DNA-functionalized nanostructures in diagnostics and therapeutics.
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26
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Zumbro E, Alexander-Katz A. Influence of Binding Site Affinity Patterns on Binding of Multivalent Polymers. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:10774-10781. [PMID: 32455197 PMCID: PMC7240832 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c00334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Using inspiration from biology, we can leverage multivalent binding interactions to enhance weak, monovalent binding between molecules. While most previous studies have focused on multivalent binders with uniform binding sites, new synthetic polymers might find it desirable to have multiple binding moieties along the chain. Here, we probe how patterning of heterogeneous binding sites along a polymer chain controls the binding affinity of a polymer using a reactive Brownian dynamics scheme. Unlike monovalent binders that are pattern-agnostic, we find that divalent binding is dependent on both the polymer pattern and binding target concentration. For dilute targets, blocky polymers provide high local concentrations of high-affinity sites, but at high target concentrations, competition for binding sites makes alternating polymers the strongest binders. Subsequently, we show that random copolymers are robust to target concentration fluctuations. These results will assist in the rational design of multivalent polymer therapeutics and materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emiko Zumbro
- Department of Materials Science
and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute
of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Alfredo Alexander-Katz
- Department of Materials Science
and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute
of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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27
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Manna T, Gucchait A, Misra AK. Convenient synthesis of the pentasaccharide repeating unit corresponding to the cell wall O-antigen of Escherichia albertii O4. Beilstein J Org Chem 2020; 16:106-110. [PMID: 32082429 PMCID: PMC7006483 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.16.12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
A straightforward sequential synthetic strategy has been developed for the synthesis of a pentasaccharide repeating unit corresponding to the cell wall O-antigen of the Escherichia albertii O4 strain in very good yield with the desired configuration at the glycosidic linkages using thioglycosides and trichloroacetimidate derivatives as glycosyl donors and perchloric acid supported over silica (HClO4/SiO2) as a solid supported protic acid glycosyl activator. The expected configuration at the glycosidic linkages was achieved using a reasonable selection of protecting groups in the manosaccharide intermediates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tapasi Manna
- Bose Institute, Division of Molecular Medicine, P-1/12, C.I.T. Scheme VII M, Kolkata 700054, India
| | - Arin Gucchait
- Bose Institute, Division of Molecular Medicine, P-1/12, C.I.T. Scheme VII M, Kolkata 700054, India
| | - Anup Kumar Misra
- Bose Institute, Division of Molecular Medicine, P-1/12, C.I.T. Scheme VII M, Kolkata 700054, India
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28
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Aljohani S, Hussein WM, Toth I, Simerska P. Carbohydrates in Vaccine Development. Curr Drug Deliv 2020; 16:609-617. [PMID: 31267872 DOI: 10.2174/1567201816666190702153612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2018] [Revised: 03/25/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Despite advances in the development of new vaccines, there are still some diseases with no vaccine solutions. Therefore, further efforts are required to more comprehensively discern the different antigenic components of these microorganisms on a molecular level. This review summarizes advancement in the development of new carbohydrate-based vaccines. Following traditional vaccine counterparts, the carbohydrate-based vaccines introduced a new approach in fighting infectious diseases. Carbohydrates have played various roles in the development of carbohydrate-based vaccines, which are described in this review, including carbohydrates acting as antigens, carriers or targeting moieties. Carbohydrate-based vaccines against infectious diseases, such as group A streptococcus, meningococcal meningitis and human immunodeficiency virus, are also discussed. A number of carbohydrate- based vaccines, such as Pneumovax 23, Menveo and Pentacel, have been successfully marketed in the past few years and there is a promising standpoint for many more to come in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salwa Aljohani
- The University of Queensland, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, Cooper Road, St. Lucia QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Waleed M Hussein
- The University of Queensland, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, Cooper Road, St. Lucia QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Istvan Toth
- The University of Queensland, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, Cooper Road, St. Lucia QLD 4072, Australia.,The University of Queensland, School of Pharmacy, Pharmacy Australia Centre of Excellence, Cornwall Street, Woolloongabba, QLD 4072, Australia.,Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Pavla Simerska
- The University of Queensland, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, Cooper Road, St. Lucia QLD 4072, Australia
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29
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Burygin GL, Abronina PI, Podvalnyy NM, Staroverov SA, Kononov LO, Dykman LA. Preparation and in vivo evaluation of glyco-gold nanoparticles carrying synthetic mycobacterial hexaarabinofuranoside. BEILSTEIN JOURNAL OF NANOTECHNOLOGY 2020; 11:480-493. [PMID: 32274287 PMCID: PMC7113550 DOI: 10.3762/bjnano.11.39] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
A number of bacterial glycans are specific markers for the detection and the serological identification of microorganisms and are also widely used as antigenic components of vaccines. The use of gold nanoparticles as carriers for glyco-epitopes is becoming an important alternative to the traditional conjugation with proteins and synthetic polymers. In this study, we aimed to prepare and evaluate in vivo glyco-gold nanoparticles (glyco-GNPs) bearing the terminal-branched hexaarabinofuranoside fragment (Ara6) of arabinan domains of lipoarabinomannan and arabinogalactan, which are principal polysaccharides of the cell wall of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the causative agent of tuberculosis. In particular, we were interested whether the antibodies generated against Ara6-GNPs would recognize the natural saccharides on the cell surface of different mycobacterial strains. Two synthetic Ara6 glycosides with amino-functionalized spacer aglycons differing in length and hydrophilicity were directly conjugated with spherical gold nanoparticles (d = 15 nm) to give two sets of glyco-GNPs, which were used for the immunization of rabbits. Dot assays revealed cross-reactions between the two obtained antisera with the hexaarabinofuranoside and the 2-aminoethyl aglycon used for the preparation of glyco-GNPs. Both antisera contained high titers of antibodies specific for Mycobacteria as shown by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using M. bovis and M. smegmatis cells as antigens while there was only a weak response to M. phlei cells and no interaction with E. coli cells. The results obtained suggest that glyco-GNPs are promising agents for the generation of anti-mycobacterial antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gennady L Burygin
- Laboratory of Immunochemistry, Institute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Plants and Microorganisms, Russian Academy of Sciences, Prospekt Entuziastov 13, Saratov, 410049, Russia
- Department of Horticulture, Breeding, and Genetics, Vavilov Saratov State Agrarian University, Teatralnaya Ploshchad 1, Saratov, 410012, Russia
| | - Polina I Abronina
- Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry, N.D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky prospekt 47, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Nikita M Podvalnyy
- Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry, N.D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky prospekt 47, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Sergey A Staroverov
- Laboratory of Immunochemistry, Institute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Plants and Microorganisms, Russian Academy of Sciences, Prospekt Entuziastov 13, Saratov, 410049, Russia
| | - Leonid O Kononov
- Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry, N.D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky prospekt 47, Moscow, 119991, Russia
- Phystech School of Biological and Medical Physics, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology (National Research University), Institutsky per. 9, Dolgoprudnyi, Moscow Region, 141701, Russia
| | - Lev A Dykman
- Laboratory of Immunochemistry, Institute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Plants and Microorganisms, Russian Academy of Sciences, Prospekt Entuziastov 13, Saratov, 410049, Russia
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30
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Seitz O. Templated chemistry for bioorganic synthesis and chemical biology. J Pept Sci 2019; 25:e3198. [PMID: 31309674 PMCID: PMC6771651 DOI: 10.1002/psc.3198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Revised: 05/27/2019] [Accepted: 05/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
In light of the 2018 Max Bergmann Medal, this review discusses advancements on chemical biology-driven templated chemistry developed in the author's laboratories. The focused review introduces the template categories applied to orient functional units such as functional groups, chromophores, biomolecules, or ligands in space. Unimolecular templates applied in protein synthesis facilitate fragment coupling of unprotected peptides. Templating via bimolecular assemblies provides control over proximity relationships between functional units of two molecules. As an instructive example, the coiled coil peptide-templated labelling of receptor proteins on live cells will be shown. Termolecular assemblies provide the opportunity to put the proximity of functional units on two (bio)molecules under the control of a third party molecule. This allows the design of conditional bimolecular reactions. A notable example is DNA/RNA-triggered peptide synthesis. The last section shows how termolecular and multimolecular assemblies can be used to better characterize and understand multivalent protein-ligand interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Seitz
- Department of Chemistry, Humboldt University Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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31
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Straightforward sequential and one-pot synthesis of a pentasaccharide repeating unit corresponding to the cell wall O-antigen of Shigella boydii type 18. Tetrahedron 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2019.130697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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32
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Neuhaus K, Wamhoff EC, Freichel T, Grafmüller A, Rademacher C, Hartmann L. Asymmetrically Branched Precision Glycooligomers Targeting Langerin. Biomacromolecules 2019; 20:4088-4095. [PMID: 31600054 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.9b00906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Asymmetrically branched precision glycooligomers are synthesized by solid-phase polymer synthesis for studying multivalent carbohydrate-protein interactions. Through the stepwise assembly of Fmoc-protected oligo(amidoamine) building blocks and Fmoc/Dde-protected lysine, straightforward variation of structural parameters such as the number and length of arms, as well as the number and position of carbohydrate ligands, is achieved. Binding of 1-arm and 3-arm glycooligomers toward lectin receptors langerin and concanavalin A (ConA) was evaluated where the smallest 3-arm glycooligomer shows the highest binding toward langerin, and stepwise elongation of one, two, or all three arms leads to decreased binding. When directly comparing binding toward langerin and ConA, we find that structural variation of the scaffold affects glycomimetic ligand binding differently for the different targets, indicating the potential to tune such ligands not only for their avidity but also for their selectivity toward different lectins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kira Neuhaus
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Macromolecular Chemistry , Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf , Universitätsstr. 1 , 40225 Düsseldorf , Germany
| | - Eike-Christian Wamhoff
- Department of Biomolecular Systems , Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces , Am Mühlenberg 1 , 14424 Potsdam , Germany.,Department of Biology, Chemistry and Pharmacy , Freie Universität Berlin , Königin-Luise-Straße 28-30 , 14195 Berlin , Germany
| | - Tanja Freichel
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Macromolecular Chemistry , Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf , Universitätsstr. 1 , 40225 Düsseldorf , Germany
| | - Andrea Grafmüller
- Department of Theory and Bio-Systems , Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces , Am Mühlenberg 1 , 14424 Potsdam , Germany
| | - Christoph Rademacher
- Department of Biomolecular Systems , Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces , Am Mühlenberg 1 , 14424 Potsdam , Germany.,Department of Biology, Chemistry and Pharmacy , Freie Universität Berlin , Königin-Luise-Straße 28-30 , 14195 Berlin , Germany
| | - Laura Hartmann
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Macromolecular Chemistry , Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf , Universitätsstr. 1 , 40225 Düsseldorf , Germany
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33
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Schmidt S, Paul TJ, Strzelczyk AK. Interactive Polymer Gels as Biomimetic Sensors for Carbohydrate Interactions and Capture–Release Devices for Pathogens. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.201900323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stephan Schmidt
- Institute of Organic and Macromolecular ChemistryHeinrich‐Heine‐University Düsseldorf Universitätsstraße 1 40225 Dusseldorf Germany
| | - Tanja Janine Paul
- Institute of Organic and Macromolecular ChemistryHeinrich‐Heine‐University Düsseldorf Universitätsstraße 1 40225 Dusseldorf Germany
| | - Alexander Klaus Strzelczyk
- Institute of Organic and Macromolecular ChemistryHeinrich‐Heine‐University Düsseldorf Universitätsstraße 1 40225 Dusseldorf Germany
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34
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Takemoto K, Nishikawa Y, Moriguchi S, Hori Y, Kamezawa Y, Matsui T, Hara O. Site-Selective Esterifications of Polyol β-Hydroxyamides and Applications to Serine-Selective Glycopeptide Modifications. Org Lett 2019; 21:7534-7538. [PMID: 31498646 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.9b02809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The site-selective acylations of β-hydroxyamides in the presence of other hydroxyl groups are described. Central to the success of this modification is the metal-template-driven acylation using pyridine ketoxime esters as acylating reagents in combination with CuOTf. This strategy enables β-hydroxyl groups to be site-selectively acylated in various derivatives, including sterically hindered secondary β-alcohol. The utility of this methodology is showcased by the serine-selective modification of a glycopeptide with unprotected sugar.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kohei Takemoto
- Faculty of Pharmacy , Meijo University , 150 Yagotoyama, Tempaku-ku , Nagoya , Aichi 468-8503 , Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Nishikawa
- Faculty of Pharmacy , Meijo University , 150 Yagotoyama, Tempaku-ku , Nagoya , Aichi 468-8503 , Japan
| | - Shohei Moriguchi
- Faculty of Pharmacy , Meijo University , 150 Yagotoyama, Tempaku-ku , Nagoya , Aichi 468-8503 , Japan
| | - Yuna Hori
- Faculty of Pharmacy , Meijo University , 150 Yagotoyama, Tempaku-ku , Nagoya , Aichi 468-8503 , Japan
| | - Yuki Kamezawa
- Faculty of Pharmacy , Meijo University , 150 Yagotoyama, Tempaku-ku , Nagoya , Aichi 468-8503 , Japan
| | - Takami Matsui
- Faculty of Pharmacy , Meijo University , 150 Yagotoyama, Tempaku-ku , Nagoya , Aichi 468-8503 , Japan
| | - Osamu Hara
- Faculty of Pharmacy , Meijo University , 150 Yagotoyama, Tempaku-ku , Nagoya , Aichi 468-8503 , Japan
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35
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Zumbro E, Witten J, Alexander-Katz A. Computational Insights into Avidity of Polymeric Multivalent Binders. Biophys J 2019; 117:892-902. [PMID: 31400918 PMCID: PMC6731389 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2019.07.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2019] [Revised: 06/24/2019] [Accepted: 07/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Multivalent binding interactions are commonly found throughout biology to enhance weak monovalent binding such as between glycoligands and protein receptors. Designing multivalent polymers to bind to viruses and toxic proteins is a promising avenue for inhibiting their attachment and subsequent infection of cells. Several studies have focused on oligomeric multivalent inhibitors and how changing parameters such as ligand shape, size, linker length, and flexibility affect binding. However, experimental studies of how larger structural parameters of multivalent polymers, such as degree of polymerization, affect binding avidity to targets have mixed results, with some finding an improvement with longer polymers and some finding no effect. Here, we use Brownian dynamics simulations to provide a theoretical understanding of how the degree of polymerization affects the binding avidity of multivalent polymers. We show that longer polymers increase binding avidity to multivalent targets but reach a limit in binding avidity at high degrees of polymerization. We also show that when interacting with multiple targets simultaneously, longer polymers are able to use intertarget interactions to promote clustering and improve binding efficiency. We expect our results to narrow the design space for optimizing the structure and effectiveness of multivalent inhibitors as well as be useful to understand biological design strategies for multivalent binding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emiko Zumbro
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Jacob Witten
- Computational and Systems Biology Initiative, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Alfredo Alexander-Katz
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts.
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36
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Camaleño de la Calle A, Gerke C, Chang XJ, Grafmüller A, Hartmann L, Schmidt S. Multivalent Interactions of Polyamide Based Sequence‐Controlled Glycomacromolecules with Concanavalin A. Macromol Biosci 2019; 19:e1900033. [DOI: 10.1002/mabi.201900033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2019] [Revised: 03/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Camaleño de la Calle
- Institute of Organic and Macromolecular ChemistryHeinrich‐Heine‐University Düsseldorf, Universitatsstraße 1 40225 Dusseldorf Germany
| | - Christoph Gerke
- Institute of Organic and Macromolecular ChemistryHeinrich‐Heine‐University Düsseldorf, Universitatsstraße 1 40225 Dusseldorf Germany
| | - Xi Jeffrey Chang
- Institute of Organic and Macromolecular ChemistryHeinrich‐Heine‐University Düsseldorf, Universitatsstraße 1 40225 Dusseldorf Germany
| | - Andrea Grafmüller
- Department of Theory and Bio‐SystemsMax Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces Am Mühlenberg 1 14478 Potsdam Germany
| | - Laura Hartmann
- Institute of Organic and Macromolecular ChemistryHeinrich‐Heine‐University Düsseldorf, Universitatsstraße 1 40225 Dusseldorf Germany
| | - Stephan Schmidt
- Institute of Organic and Macromolecular ChemistryHeinrich‐Heine‐University Düsseldorf, Universitatsstraße 1 40225 Dusseldorf Germany
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37
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Behren S, Westerlind U. Glycopeptides and -Mimetics to Detect, Monitor and Inhibit Bacterial and Viral Infections: Recent Advances and Perspectives. Molecules 2019; 24:E1004. [PMID: 30871155 PMCID: PMC6471658 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24061004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2019] [Revised: 03/06/2019] [Accepted: 03/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The initial contact of pathogens with host cells is usually mediated by their adhesion to glycan structures present on the cell surface in order to enable infection. Furthermore, glycans play important roles in the modulation of the host immune responses to infection. Understanding the carbohydrate-pathogen interactions are of importance for the development of novel and efficient strategies to either prevent, or interfere with pathogenic infection. Synthetic glycopeptides and mimetics thereof are capable of imitating the multivalent display of carbohydrates at the cell surface, which have become an important objective of research over the last decade. Glycopeptide based constructs may function as vaccines or anti-adhesive agents that interfere with the ability of pathogens to adhere to the host cell glycans and thus possess the potential to improve or replace treatments that suffer from resistance. Additionally, synthetic glycopeptides are used as tools for epitope mapping of antibodies directed against structures present on various pathogens and have become important to improve serodiagnostic methods and to develop novel epitope-based vaccines. This review will provide an overview of the most recent advances in the synthesis and application of glycopeptides and glycopeptide mimetics exhibiting a peptide-like backbone in glycobiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Behren
- Department of Chemistry, Umeå University, 90187 Umeå, Sweden.
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38
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Tjandra KC, Thordarson P. Multivalency in Drug Delivery–When Is It Too Much of a Good Thing? Bioconjug Chem 2019; 30:503-514. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.8b00804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kristel C. Tjandra
- School of Chemistry, the Australian Centre for Nanomedicine and the ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Pall Thordarson
- School of Chemistry, the Australian Centre for Nanomedicine and the ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
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39
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Janus glycosides of next generation: Synthesis of 4-(3-chloropropoxy)phenyl and 4-(3-azidopropoxy)phenyl glycosides. Carbohydr Res 2019; 471:95-104. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2018.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Revised: 11/22/2018] [Accepted: 11/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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40
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Karimi F, O'Connor AJ, Qiao GG, Heath DE. Integrin Clustering Matters: A Review of Biomaterials Functionalized with Multivalent Integrin-Binding Ligands to Improve Cell Adhesion, Migration, Differentiation, Angiogenesis, and Biomedical Device Integration. Adv Healthc Mater 2018; 7:e1701324. [PMID: 29577678 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201701324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2017] [Revised: 01/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Material systems that exhibit tailored interactions with cells are a cornerstone of biomaterial and tissue engineering technologies. One method of achieving these tailored interactions is to biofunctionalize materials with peptide ligands that bind integrin receptors present on the cell surface. However, cell biology research has illustrated that both integrin binding and integrin clustering are required to achieve a full adhesion response. This biophysical knowledge has motivated researchers to develop material systems biofunctionalized with nanoscale clusters of ligands that promote both integrin occupancy and clustering of the receptors. These materials have improved a wide variety of biological interactions in vitro including cell adhesion, proliferation, migration speed, gene expression, and stem cell differentiation; and improved in vivo outcomes including increased angiogenesis, tissue healing, and biomedical device integration. This review first introduces the techniques that enable the fabrication of these nanopatterned materials, describes the improved biological effects that have been achieved, and lastly discusses the current limitations of the technology and where future advances may occur. Although this technology is still in its nascency, it will undoubtedly play an important role in the future development of biomaterials and tissue engineering scaffolds for both in vitro and in vivo applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Karimi
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering; Particulate Fluids Processing Centre; University of Melbourne; Parkville VIC 3010 Australia
- Polymer Science Group; Department of Chemical Engineering; Particulate Fluid Processing Centre; University of Melbourne; Parkville VIC 3010 Australia
| | - Andrea J. O'Connor
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering; Particulate Fluids Processing Centre; University of Melbourne; Parkville VIC 3010 Australia
| | - Greg G. Qiao
- Polymer Science Group; Department of Chemical Engineering; Particulate Fluid Processing Centre; University of Melbourne; Parkville VIC 3010 Australia
| | - Daniel E. Heath
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering; Particulate Fluids Processing Centre; University of Melbourne; Parkville VIC 3010 Australia
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41
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Liese S, Netz RR. Quantitative Prediction of Multivalent Ligand-Receptor Binding Affinities for Influenza, Cholera, and Anthrax Inhibition. ACS NANO 2018; 12:4140-4147. [PMID: 29474056 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.7b08479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Multivalency achieves strong, yet reversible binding by the simultaneous formation of multiple weak bonds. It is a key interaction principle in biology and promising for the synthesis of high-affinity inhibitors of pathogens. We present a molecular model for the binding affinity of synthetic multivalent ligands onto multivalent receptors consisting of n receptor units arranged on a regular polygon. Ligands consist of a geometrically matching rigid polygonal core to which monovalent ligand units are attached via flexible linker polymers, closely mimicking existing experimental designs. The calculated binding affinities quantitatively agree with experimental studies for cholera toxin ( n = 5) and anthrax receptor ( n = 7) and allow to predict optimal core size and optimal linker length. Maximal binding affinity is achieved for a core that matches the receptor size and for linkers that have an equilibrium end-to-end distance that is slightly longer than the geometric separation between ligand core and receptor sites. Linkers that are longer than optimal are greatly preferable compared to shorter linkers. The angular steric restriction between ligand unit and linker polymer is shown to be a key parameter. We construct an enhancement diagram that quantifies the multivalent binding affinity compared to monovalent ligands. We conclude that multivalent ligands against influenza viral hemagglutinin ( n = 3), cholera toxin ( n = 5), and anthrax receptor ( n = 7) can outperform monovalent ligands only for a monovalent ligand affinity that exceeds a core-size dependent threshold value. Thus, multivalent drug design needs to balance core size, linker length, as well as monovalent ligand unit affinity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Liese
- Department of Physics , Freie Universität Berlin , 14195 Berlin , Germany
- Department of Mathematics , University of Oslo , 0851 Oslo , Norway
| | - Roland R Netz
- Department of Physics , Freie Universität Berlin , 14195 Berlin , Germany
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42
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Stutzer C, Richards SA, Ferreira M, Baron S, Maritz-Olivier C. Metazoan Parasite Vaccines: Present Status and Future Prospects. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2018; 8:67. [PMID: 29594064 PMCID: PMC5859119 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2018.00067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2017] [Accepted: 02/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Eukaryotic parasites and pathogens continue to cause some of the most detrimental and difficult to treat diseases (or disease states) in both humans and animals, while also continuously expanding into non-endemic countries. Combined with the ever growing number of reports on drug-resistance and the lack of effective treatment programs for many metazoan diseases, the impact that these organisms will have on quality of life remain a global challenge. Vaccination as an effective prophylactic treatment has been demonstrated for well over 200 years for bacterial and viral diseases. From the earliest variolation procedures to the cutting edge technologies employed today, many protective preparations have been successfully developed for use in both medical and veterinary applications. In spite of the successes of these applications in the discovery of subunit vaccines against prokaryotic pathogens, not many targets have been successfully developed into vaccines directed against metazoan parasites. With the current increase in -omics technologies and metadata for eukaryotic parasites, target discovery for vaccine development can be expedited. However, a good understanding of the host/vector/pathogen interface is needed to understand the underlying biological, biochemical and immunological components that will confer a protective response in the host animal. Therefore, systems biology is rapidly coming of age in the pursuit of effective parasite vaccines. Despite the difficulties, a number of approaches have been developed and applied to parasitic helminths and arthropods. This review will focus on key aspects of vaccine development that require attention in the battle against these metazoan parasites, as well as successes in the field of vaccine development for helminthiases and ectoparasites. Lastly, we propose future direction of applying successes in pursuit of next generation vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Stutzer
- Tick Vaccine Group, Department of Genetics, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
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43
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Gracia R, Marradi M, Salerno G, Pérez-Nicado R, Pérez-San Vicente A, Dupin D, Rodriguez J, Loinaz I, Chiodo F, Nativi C. Biocompatible single-chain polymer nanoparticles loaded with an antigen mimetic as potential anticancer vaccine. ACS Macro Lett 2018; 7:196-200. [PMID: 35610892 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.8b00052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The "pancarcinoma" Tn antigen (αGalNAc-O-Ser/Thr) is a tumor-associated carbohydrate antigen (TACA) overexpressed on the surface of cancer cells and suitable target for anticancer vaccines. However, TACAs commonly show weak immunogenicity, low in vivo stability, and poor bioavailability. To address these issues, the development of physiologically stable TACA synthetic mimetics and novel nanocarriers for multivalent display are object of intense research. Nanomaterials represent suitable scaffolds to multimerize antigens, but absence of toxicity, easy functionalization and capability to incorporate biomolecules are compulsory characteristics for vaccine nanocarriers. Here, we report on the conjugation of a synthetic Tn-antigen mimetic to biocompatible and water-dispersible dextran-based single-chain nanoparticles (DXT-SCPNs). In vitro stimulation of PBMCs and analysis of interleukins production indicated a specific innate immune modulation mediated by the multivalent presentation of the Tn mimetic at the nanoparticle surface. These preliminary results pave the way for the development of Tn-mimetic clusters on biocompatible DXT-SCPN for TACA-based vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Gracia
- CIDETEC Nanomedicine, Parque Cientı́fico y Tecnológico de Guipúzcoa, P° Miramón, 196, 20014 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Marco Marradi
- CIDETEC Nanomedicine, Parque Cientı́fico y Tecnológico de Guipúzcoa, P° Miramón, 196, 20014 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Gianluca Salerno
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Florence, via della Lastruccia, 13, I-50019 Sesto F.no (FI), Italy
| | | | - Adrián Pérez-San Vicente
- CIDETEC Nanomedicine, Parque Cientı́fico y Tecnológico de Guipúzcoa, P° Miramón, 196, 20014 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Damien Dupin
- CIDETEC Nanomedicine, Parque Cientı́fico y Tecnológico de Guipúzcoa, P° Miramón, 196, 20014 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Javier Rodriguez
- CIDETEC Nanomedicine, Parque Cientı́fico y Tecnológico de Guipúzcoa, P° Miramón, 196, 20014 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Iraida Loinaz
- CIDETEC Nanomedicine, Parque Cientı́fico y Tecnológico de Guipúzcoa, P° Miramón, 196, 20014 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Fabrizio Chiodo
- Department
of Bio-Organic Synthesis, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Leiden, 2333 CC, The Netherlands
- Department
of Parasiolgy, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, 2333 ZA, The Netherlands
| | - Cristina Nativi
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Florence, via della Lastruccia, 13, I-50019 Sesto F.no (FI), Italy
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44
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Hu Y, Beshr G, Garvey CJ, Tabor RF, Titz A, Wilkinson BL. Photoswitchable Janus glycodendrimer micelles as multivalent inhibitors of LecA and LecB from Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2017; 159:605-612. [PMID: 28858663 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2017.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2017] [Revised: 07/31/2017] [Accepted: 08/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The first example of the self-assembly and lectin binding properties of photoswitchable glycodendrimer micelles is reported. Light-addressable micelles were assembled from a library of 12 amphiphilic Janus glycodendrimers composed of variable carbohydrate head groups and hydrophobic tail groups linked to an azobenzene core. Spontaneous association in water gave cylindrical micelles with uniform size distribution as determined by dynamic light scattering (DLS) and small angle neutron scattering (SANS). Trans-cis photoisomerization of the azobenzene dendrimer core was used to probe the self-assembly behaviour and lectin binding properties of cylindrical micelles, revealing moderate-to-potent inhibition of lectins LecA and LecB from Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingxue Hu
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Ghamdan Beshr
- Chemical Biology of Carbohydrates, Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), D-66123 Saarbrücken, Germany; Deutsches Zentrum für Infektionsforschung, Standort Hannover, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Christopher J Garvey
- Australian Centre for Neutron scattering, ANSTO, Lucas Heights, New South Wales 2234, Australia
| | - Rico F Tabor
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Alexander Titz
- Chemical Biology of Carbohydrates, Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), D-66123 Saarbrücken, Germany; Deutsches Zentrum für Infektionsforschung, Standort Hannover, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Brendan L Wilkinson
- School of Science and Technology, the University of New England, New South Wales 2351, Australia.
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45
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Pahari S, Kaur G, Aqdas M, Negi S, Chatterjee D, Bashir H, Singh S, Agrewala JN. Bolstering Immunity through Pattern Recognition Receptors: A Unique Approach to Control Tuberculosis. Front Immunol 2017; 8:906. [PMID: 28824632 PMCID: PMC5539433 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.00906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2017] [Accepted: 07/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The global control of tuberculosis (TB) presents a continuous health challenge to mankind. Despite having effective drugs, TB still has a devastating impact on human health. Contributing reasons include the emergence of drug-resistant strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), the AIDS-pandemic, and the absence of effective vaccines against the disease. Indeed, alternative and effective methods of TB treatment and control are urgently needed. One such approach may be to more effectively engage the immune system; particularly the frontline pattern recognition receptor (PRR) systems of the host, which sense pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) of Mtb. It is well known that 95% of individuals infected with Mtb in latent form remain healthy throughout their life. Therefore, we propose that clues can be found to control the remainder by successfully manipulating the innate immune mechanisms, particularly of nasal and mucosal cavities. This article highlights the importance of signaling through PRRs in restricting Mtb entry and subsequently preventing its infection. Furthermore, we discuss whether this unique therapy employing PRRs in combination with drugs can help in reducing the dose and duration of current TB regimen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanta Pahari
- Immunology Laboratory, CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology, Chandigarh, India
| | - Gurpreet Kaur
- Immunology Laboratory, CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology, Chandigarh, India
| | - Mohammad Aqdas
- Immunology Laboratory, CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology, Chandigarh, India
| | - Shikha Negi
- Immunology Laboratory, CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology, Chandigarh, India
| | - Deepyan Chatterjee
- Immunology Laboratory, CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology, Chandigarh, India
| | - Hilal Bashir
- Immunology Laboratory, CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology, Chandigarh, India
| | - Sanpreet Singh
- Immunology Laboratory, CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology, Chandigarh, India
| | - Javed N Agrewala
- Immunology Laboratory, CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology, Chandigarh, India
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46
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Castro E, Hernandez Garcia A, Zavala G, Echegoyen L. Fullerenes in Biology and Medicine. J Mater Chem B 2017; 5:6523-6535. [PMID: 29225883 PMCID: PMC5716489 DOI: 10.1039/c7tb00855d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 172] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Fullerenes and related carbon based derivatives have shown a growing relevance in biology and medicine, mainly due to the unique electronic and structural properties that make them excellent candidates for multiple functionalization. This review focuses on the most recent developments of fullerene derivatives for different biological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edison Castro
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at El Paso, 500 West University Avenue, El Paso, TX, USA
| | - Andrea Hernandez Garcia
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at El Paso, 500 West University Avenue, El Paso, TX, USA
| | - Gerardo Zavala
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at El Paso, 500 West University Avenue, El Paso, TX, USA
| | - Luis Echegoyen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at El Paso, 500 West University Avenue, El Paso, TX, USA
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47
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Perez-Soto N, Moule L, Crisan DN, Insua I, Taylor-Smith LM, Voelz K, Fernandez-Trillo F, Krachler AM. Engineering microbial physiology with synthetic polymers: cationic polymers induce biofilm formation in Vibrio cholerae and downregulate the expression of virulence genes. Chem Sci 2017; 8:5291-5298. [PMID: 28970909 PMCID: PMC5607900 DOI: 10.1039/c7sc00615b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2017] [Accepted: 05/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Here we report the first application of non-bactericidal synthetic polymers to modulate the physiology of a bacterial pathogen. Poly(N-[3-(dimethylamino)propyl] methacrylamide) (P1) and poly(N-(3-aminopropyl)methacrylamide) (P2), cationic polymers that bind to the surface of V. cholerae, the infectious agent causing cholera disease, can sequester the pathogen into clusters. Upon clustering, V. cholerae transitions to a sessile lifestyle, characterised by increased biofilm production and the repression of key virulence factors such as the cholera toxin (CTX). Moreover, clustering the pathogen results in the minimisation of adherence and toxicity to intestinal epithelial cells. Our results suggest that the reduction in toxicity is associated with the reduction to the number of free bacteria, but also the downregulation of toxin production. Finally we demonstrate that these polymers can reduce colonisation of zebrafish larvae upon ingestion of water contaminated with V. cholerae. Overall, our results suggest that the physiology of this pathogen can be modulated without the need to genetically manipulate the microorganism and that this modulation is an off-target effect that results from the intrinsic ability of the pathogen to sense and adapt to its environment. We believe these findings pave the way towards a better understanding of the interactions between pathogenic bacteria and polymeric materials and will underpin the development of novel antimicrobial polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Perez-Soto
- School of Biosciences , University of Birmingham , Edgbaston , B15 2TT Birmingham , UK.,Institute of Microbiology and Infection , University of Birmingham , Edgbaston , B15 2TT Birmingham , UK .
| | - Lauren Moule
- School of Biosciences , University of Birmingham , Edgbaston , B15 2TT Birmingham , UK.,Institute of Microbiology and Infection , University of Birmingham , Edgbaston , B15 2TT Birmingham , UK .
| | - Daniel N Crisan
- Institute of Microbiology and Infection , University of Birmingham , Edgbaston , B15 2TT Birmingham , UK . .,School of Chemistry , University of Birmingham , Edgbaston , B15 2TT Birmingham , UK
| | - Ignacio Insua
- Institute of Microbiology and Infection , University of Birmingham , Edgbaston , B15 2TT Birmingham , UK . .,School of Chemistry , University of Birmingham , Edgbaston , B15 2TT Birmingham , UK
| | - Leanne M Taylor-Smith
- School of Biosciences , University of Birmingham , Edgbaston , B15 2TT Birmingham , UK.,Institute of Microbiology and Infection , University of Birmingham , Edgbaston , B15 2TT Birmingham , UK .
| | - Kerstin Voelz
- School of Biosciences , University of Birmingham , Edgbaston , B15 2TT Birmingham , UK.,Institute of Microbiology and Infection , University of Birmingham , Edgbaston , B15 2TT Birmingham , UK .
| | - Francisco Fernandez-Trillo
- Institute of Microbiology and Infection , University of Birmingham , Edgbaston , B15 2TT Birmingham , UK . .,School of Chemistry , University of Birmingham , Edgbaston , B15 2TT Birmingham , UK
| | - Anne Marie Krachler
- School of Biosciences , University of Birmingham , Edgbaston , B15 2TT Birmingham , UK.,Institute of Microbiology and Infection , University of Birmingham , Edgbaston , B15 2TT Birmingham , UK . .,Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics , University of Texas McGovern Medical School at Houston , Houston , TX 77030 , USA .
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48
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Dosekova E, Filip J, Bertok T, Both P, Kasak P, Tkac J. Nanotechnology in Glycomics: Applications in Diagnostics, Therapy, Imaging, and Separation Processes. Med Res Rev 2017; 37:514-626. [PMID: 27859448 PMCID: PMC5659385 DOI: 10.1002/med.21420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2016] [Revised: 09/08/2016] [Accepted: 09/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
This review comprehensively covers the most recent achievements (from 2013) in the successful integration of nanomaterials in the field of glycomics. The first part of the paper addresses the beneficial properties of nanomaterials for the construction of biosensors, bioanalytical devices, and protocols for the detection of various analytes, including viruses and whole cells, together with their key characteristics. The second part of the review focuses on the application of nanomaterials integrated with glycans for various biomedical applications, that is, vaccines against viral and bacterial infections and cancer cells, as therapeutic agents, for in vivo imaging and nuclear magnetic resonance imaging, and for selective drug delivery. The final part of the review describes various ways in which glycan enrichment can be effectively done using nanomaterials, molecularly imprinted polymers with polymer thickness controlled at the nanoscale, with a subsequent analysis of glycans by mass spectrometry. A short section describing an active glycoprofiling by microengines (microrockets) is covered as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika Dosekova
- Department of Glycobiotechnology, Institute of ChemistrySlovak Academy of SciencesDubravska cesta 9845 38BratislavaSlovakia
| | - Jaroslav Filip
- Center for Advanced MaterialsQatar UniversityP.O. Box 2713DohaQatar
| | - Tomas Bertok
- Department of Glycobiotechnology, Institute of ChemistrySlovak Academy of SciencesDubravska cesta 9845 38BratislavaSlovakia
| | - Peter Both
- School of Chemistry, Manchester Institute of BiotechnologyThe University of Manchester131 Princess StreetManchesterM1 7DNUK
| | - Peter Kasak
- Center for Advanced MaterialsQatar UniversityP.O. Box 2713DohaQatar
| | - Jan Tkac
- Department of Glycobiotechnology, Institute of ChemistrySlovak Academy of SciencesDubravska cesta 9845 38BratislavaSlovakia
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49
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Synthesis of β-galactosylamides as ligands of the peanut lectin. Insights into the recognition process. Carbohydr Res 2017; 443-444:58-67. [PMID: 28355582 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2017.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2016] [Revised: 03/16/2017] [Accepted: 03/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of mono and divalent β-galactosylamides linked to a hydroxylated chain having a C2 symmetry axis derived from l-tartaric anhydride is reported. Reference compounds devoid of hydroxyl groups in the linker were also prepared from β-galactosylamine and succinic anhydride. After functionalization with an alkynyl residue, the resulting building blocks were grafted onto different azide-equipped scaffolds through the copper catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition. Thus, a family of structurally related mono and divalent β-N-galactopyranosylamides was obtained and fully characterized. The binding affinities of the ligands towards the model lectin PNA were measured by the enzyme-linked lectin assay (ELLA). The IC50 values were significantly higher than that of galactose but the presence of hydroxyl groups in the aglycone chain improved lectin recognition. Docking and molecular dynamics experiments were in accordance with the hypothesis that a hydroxyl group properly disposed in the linker could mimic the Glc O3 in the recognition process. On the other hand, divalent presentation of the ligands led to lectin affinity enhancements.
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50
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Ziem B, Rahn J, Donskyi I, Silberreis K, Cuellar L, Dernedde J, Keil G, Mettenleiter TC, Haag R. Polyvalent 2D Entry Inhibitors for Pseudorabies and African Swine Fever Virus. Macromol Biosci 2017; 17. [PMID: 28296132 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.201600499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2016] [Revised: 02/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
African swine fever virus (ASFV) is one of the most dangerous viruses for pigs and is endemic in Africa but recently also spread into the Russian Federation and the Eastern border of the EU. So far there is no vaccine or antiviral drug available to curtail the infection. Thus, control strategies based on novel inhibitors are urgently needed. Another highly relevant virus infection in pigs is Aujeszky's disease caused by the alphaherpesvirus pseudorabies virus (PrV). This article reports the synthesis and biological evaluation of novel extracellular matrix-inspired entry inhibitors based on polyglycerol sulfate-functionalized graphene sheets. The developed 2D architectures bind enveloped viruses during the adhesion process and thereby exhibit strong inhibitory effects, which are equal or better than the common standards enrofloxacin and heparin as demonstrated for ASFV and PrV. Overall, the developed polyvalent 2D entry inhibitors are nontoxic and efficient nanoarchitectures, which interact with various types of enveloped viruses. Therefore they prevent viral adhesion to the host cell and especially target viruses that rely on a heparan sulfate-dependent cell entry mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Ziem
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jessica Rahn
- Institute of Molecular Virology and Cell Biology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, 17493, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Ievgen Donskyi
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Kim Silberreis
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 13353, Berlin, Germany
| | - Luis Cuellar
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jens Dernedde
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 13353, Berlin, Germany
| | - Günther Keil
- Institute of Molecular Virology and Cell Biology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, 17493, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Thomas C Mettenleiter
- Institute of Molecular Virology and Cell Biology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, 17493, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Rainer Haag
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität, 14195, Berlin, Germany
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