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Lewińska G, Jeleń P, Kucia Z, Sitarz M, Walczak Ł, Szafraniak B, Sanetra J, Marszalek KW. CdSe/ZnS quantum dots as a booster in the active layer of distributed ternary organic photovoltaics. BEILSTEIN JOURNAL OF NANOTECHNOLOGY 2024; 15:144-156. [PMID: 38317826 PMCID: PMC10840543 DOI: 10.3762/bjnano.15.14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
Organic solar cells are a promising candidate for practical use because of their low material cost and simple production procedures. The challenge is selecting materials with the right properties and how they interrelate in the context of manufacturing the device. This paper presents studies on CdSe/ZnS nanodots as dopants in a polymer-fullerene matrix for application in organic solar cells. An assembly of poly(3-hexylthiophene-2,5-diyl) and 6,6-phenyl-C71-butyric acid methyl ester was used as the active reference layer. Absorption and luminescence spectra as well as the dispersion relations of refractive indices and extinction coefficient were investigated. The morphologies of the thin films were studied with atomic force microscopy. The chemical boundaries of the ternary layers were determined by Raman spectroscopy. Based on UPS studies, the energy diagram of the potential devices was determined. The resistivity of the layers was determined using impedance spectroscopy. Simulations (General-Purpose Photovoltaic Device Model) showed a performance improvement in the cells with quantum dots of 0.36-1.45% compared to those without quantum dots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Lewińska
- AGH University of Krakow, Institute of Electronics, 30 Mickiewicza Ave, 30-059 Krakow, Poland
| | - Piotr Jeleń
- AGH University of Krakow, Faculty of Materials Science and Ceramics, Department of Silicate Chemistry and Macromolecular Compounds, 30 Mickiewicza Ave, 30-059 Krakow, Poland
| | - Zofia Kucia
- AGH University of Krakow, Faculty of Materials Science and Ceramics, Department of Silicate Chemistry and Macromolecular Compounds, 30 Mickiewicza Ave, 30-059 Krakow, Poland
| | - Maciej Sitarz
- AGH University of Krakow, Faculty of Materials Science and Ceramics, Department of Silicate Chemistry and Macromolecular Compounds, 30 Mickiewicza Ave, 30-059 Krakow, Poland
| | - Łukasz Walczak
- R&D Department, PREVAC sp. z o.o., Raciborska 61, 44-362 Rogów, Poland
| | - Bartłomiej Szafraniak
- AGH University of Krakow, Institute of Electronics, 30 Mickiewicza Ave, 30-059 Krakow, Poland
| | - Jerzy Sanetra
- retired, formerly: Cracow University of Technology, Institute of Physics, ul. Podchorążych 1, 30-084 Kraków, Poland
| | - Konstanty W Marszalek
- AGH University of Krakow, Institute of Electronics, 30 Mickiewicza Ave, 30-059 Krakow, Poland
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2
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Loshchinina EA, Vetchinkina EP, Kupryashina MA. Diversity of Mycogenic Oxide and Chalcogenide Nanoparticles: A Review. Biomimetics (Basel) 2023; 8:224. [PMID: 37366819 DOI: 10.3390/biomimetics8020224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxide and chalcogenide nanoparticles have great potential for use in biomedicine, engineering, agriculture, environmental protection, and other research fields. The myco-synthesis of nanoparticles with fungal cultures, their metabolites, culture liquids, and mycelial and fruit body extracts is simple, cheap and environmentally friendly. The characteristics of nanoparticles, including their size, shape, homogeneity, stability, physical properties and biological activity, can be tuned by changing the myco-synthesis conditions. This review summarizes the data on the diversity of oxide and chalcogenide nanoparticles produced by various fungal species under different experimental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina A Loshchinina
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Institute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Plants and Microorganisms, Saratov Scientific Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences (IBPPM RAS), 410049 Saratov, Russia
| | - Elena P Vetchinkina
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Institute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Plants and Microorganisms, Saratov Scientific Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences (IBPPM RAS), 410049 Saratov, Russia
| | - Maria A Kupryashina
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Institute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Plants and Microorganisms, Saratov Scientific Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences (IBPPM RAS), 410049 Saratov, Russia
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3
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Ur Rehman A, Ikram M, Haider A, Raza MA, Shujah T, Naz M, Ul-Hamid A, Shahzadi I, Goumri-Said S, Kanoun MB, Nabgan W. Facile Synthesis of Barium-Doped Cadmium Sulfide Quantum Dots for the Treatment of Polluted Water: Experimental and Computational Investigations. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:46325-46336. [PMID: 36570280 PMCID: PMC9773348 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c04862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
In this study, cadmium sulfide (CdS) quantum dots (QDs) and barium (Ba) (3 and 6 wt %)-doped CdS QDs were synthesized via a hydrothermal technique. The basic purpose of this work is to degrade methylene blue (MB) dye and evaluate density functional theory (DFT). The synthesized samples were characterized through X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), selected area electron diffraction (SAED), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscope (SEM), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM), UV-vis spectrophotometer, PL, and density functional theory (DFT). The XRD (structural analysis) confirmed that the hexagonal crystal structure and crystallinity increased upon doping. Selected area electron diffraction (SAED) analysis confirmed the polycrystalline nature of the prepared QDs. The functional groups have been investigated using FTIR analysis. The surface and structural morphologies of the synthesized specimen have been investigated by applying TEM and FE-SEM, and it was found to exhibit the topology of QDs. In addition, optical characteristics have been investigated via UV-vis absorption spectroscopy, which exhibited a bathochromic shift (red shift) as a consequence of the reduction of the band-gap energy upon doping from 2.56 to 2.38 eV. PL analysis was used to observe the electron-hole recombination rate. Moreover, the electronic and optical properties of Ba-doped CdS were further explored using density functional theory. Pristine and Ba-doped QDs exhibit sufficient catalytic activity (CA) against the MB dye in all media as 62.59, 70.15, and 72.74% in neutral, basic, and acidic solutions, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ata Ur Rehman
- Solar
Cell Applications Research Lab, Department of Physics, Government College University Lahore, Lahore54000, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Ikram
- Solar
Cell Applications Research Lab, Department of Physics, Government College University Lahore, Lahore54000, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Ali Haider
- Department
of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Muhammad Nawaz Shareef University of Agriculture (MNSUA), Multan66000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Asif Raza
- Department
of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Muhammad Nawaz Shareef University of Agriculture (MNSUA), Multan66000, Pakistan
| | - Tahira Shujah
- Department
of Physics, University of Central Punjab, Lahore54000, Pakistan
| | - Misbah Naz
- Department
of Chemistry, Division of Science and Technology, University of Education, Lahore, Punjab54000, Pakistan
| | - Anwar Ul-Hamid
- Center
for Engineering Research, Research Institute, King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals, Dhahran31261, Saudi Arabia
| | - Iram Shahzadi
- Punjab University
College of Pharmacy, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Punjab54000, Pakistan
| | - Souraya Goumri-Said
- College
of Science, Physics Department, Alfaisal
University, P.O. Box 50927, Riyadh11533, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Benali Kanoun
- Department
of Mathematics and Sciences, College of Humanities and Sciences, Prince Sultan University, Riyadh11586, Saudi
Arabia
| | - Walid Nabgan
- Departament
d′Enginyeria Química, Universitat
Rovira i Virgili, Av
Països Catalans 26, 43007Tarragona, Spain
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4
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Song SM, Jin J, Choi JH, Chung WJ. Synthesis of cis-thiiranes as diastereoselective access to epoxide congeners via 4π-electrocyclization of thiocarbonyl ylides. Nat Commun 2022; 13:4818. [PMID: 35974103 PMCID: PMC9381720 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-32499-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Organochalcogen heterocycles are ubiquitously present and widely utilized in various fields. Among them, oxirane has been extensively studied, and all of the stereoisomeric forms are readily available. In contrast, synthetic studies on thiirane were rarely reported, and thus the useful sulfur-congener of oxirane has been difficult to access in a stereodefined form. In this research, a general stereoselective synthesis of cis-thiiranes is accomplished by taking advantage of stereospecific electrocyclization of trans-thiocarbonyl ylides, which are generated in situ from readily available E,E-aldazine N-oxides upon treatment with Lawesson's reagent. This newly developed practical method provides a variety of cis-1,2-diarylthiiranes as essentially single diastereomers in high yields under mild reaction conditions. The intermediacy of trans-thiocarbonyl yilde is confirmed by mechanistic experiments, and the excellent stereocontrol is rationalized by DFT calculation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su-Min Song
- Department of Chemistry, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaeseong Jin
- Department of Chemistry, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun-Ho Choi
- Department of Chemistry, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea.
| | - Won-Jin Chung
- Department of Chemistry, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea.
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Socol M, Preda N. Hybrid Nanocomposite Thin Films for Photovoltaic Applications: A Review. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 11:1117. [PMID: 33925952 PMCID: PMC8145415 DOI: 10.3390/nano11051117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Revised: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Continuing growth in global energy consumption and the growing concerns regarding climate change and environmental pollution are the strongest drivers of renewable energy deployment. Solar energy is the most abundant and cleanest renewable energy source available. Nowadays, photovoltaic technologies can be regarded as viable pathways to provide sustainable energy generation, the achievement attained in designing nanomaterials with tunable properties and the progress made in the production processes having a major impact in their development. Solar cells involving hybrid nanocomposite layers have, lately, received extensive research attention due to the possibility to combine the advantages derived from the properties of both components: flexibility and processability from the organic part and stability and optoelectronics features from the inorganic part. Thus, this review provides a synopsis on hybrid solar cells developed in the last decade which involve composite layers deposited by spin-coating, the most used deposition method, and matrix-assisted pulsed laser evaporation, a relatively new deposition technique. The overview is focused on the hybrid nanocomposite films that can use conducting polymers and metal phthalocyanines as p-type materials, fullerene derivatives and non-fullerene compounds as n-type materials, and semiconductor nanostructures based on metal oxide, chalcogenides, and silicon. A survey regarding the influence of various factors on the hybrid solar cell efficiency is given in order to identify new strategies for enhancing the device performance in the upcoming years.
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Mechanistic insights on improved performance of PCDTBT:PC71BM hetero-structured organic photovoltaic cells via interfacing CdSe/ZnS nanostructures. APPLIED NANOSCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s13204-021-01789-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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7
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Wu Y, Wang D, Liu J, Cai H, Zhang Y. Atomic Force Microscope Study of Ag-Conduct Polymer Hybrid Films: Evidence for Light-Induced Charge Separation. NANOMATERIALS 2020; 10:nano10091819. [PMID: 32932650 PMCID: PMC7558113 DOI: 10.3390/nano10091819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Scanning Kelvin probe microscopy (SKPM), electrostatic force microscopy (EFM) are used to study the microscopic processes of the photo-induced charge separation at the interface of Ag and conductive polymers, i.e., poly[2,6-(4,4-bis-(2-ethylhexyl)-4H-cyclopenta[2,1-b;3,4-bʹ]dithiophene)-alt-4,7-(2,1,3-benzothiadiazole)] (PCPDTBT) and poly(3-hexylthiophene-2,5-diyl) (P3HT). They are also widely used in order to directly observe the charge distribution and dynamic changes at the interfaces in nanostructures, owing to their high sensitivity. Using SKPM, it is proved that the charge of the photo-induced polymer PCPDTBT is transferred to Ag nanoparticles (NPs). The surface charge of the Ag-induced NPs is quantified while using EFM, and it is determined that the charge is injected into the polymer P3HT from the Ag NPs. We expect that this technology will provide guidance to facilitate the separation and transfer of the interfacial charges in the composite material systems and it will be applicable to various photovoltaic material systems.
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8
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Zámbó D, Schlosser A, Rusch P, Lübkemann F, Koch J, Pfnür H, Bigall NC. A Versatile Route to Assemble Semiconductor Nanoparticles into Functional Aerogels by Means of Trivalent Cations. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2020; 16:e1906934. [PMID: 32162787 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201906934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Revised: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
3D nanoparticle assemblies offer a unique platform to enhance and extend the functionality and optical/electrical properties of individual nanoparticles. Especially, a self-supported, voluminous, and porous macroscopic material built up from interconnected semiconductor nanoparticles provides new possibilities in the field of sensing, optoelectronics, and photovoltaics. Herein, a method is demonstrated for assembling semiconductor nanoparticle systems containing building blocks possessing different composition, size, shape, and surface ligands. The method is based on the controlled destabilization of the particles triggered by trivalent cations (Y3+ , Yb3+ , and Al3+ ). The effect of the cations is investigated via X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The macroscopic, self-supported aerogels consist of the hyperbranched network of interconnected CdSe/CdS dot-in-rods, or CdSe/CdS as well as CdSe/CdTe core-crown nanoplatelets is used to demonstrate the versatility of the procedure. The non-oxidative assembly method takes place at room temperature without thermal activation in several hours and preserves the shape and the fluorescence of the building blocks. The assembled nanoparticle network provides longer exciton lifetimes with retained photoluminescence quantum yields, that make these nanostructured materials a perfect platform for novel multifunctional 3D networks in sensing. Various sets of photoelectrochemical measurements on the interconnected semiconductor nanorod structures also reveal the enhanced charge carrier separation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dániel Zámbó
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Hannover, 30167, Germany
- Laboratory of Nano and Quantum Engineering, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Hannover, 30167, Germany
| | - Anja Schlosser
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Hannover, 30167, Germany
- Laboratory of Nano and Quantum Engineering, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Hannover, 30167, Germany
| | - Pascal Rusch
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Hannover, 30167, Germany
- Laboratory of Nano and Quantum Engineering, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Hannover, 30167, Germany
| | - Franziska Lübkemann
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Hannover, 30167, Germany
- Laboratory of Nano and Quantum Engineering, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Hannover, 30167, Germany
| | - Julian Koch
- Institute of Solid State Physics, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Hannover, 30167, Germany
| | - Herbert Pfnür
- Laboratory of Nano and Quantum Engineering, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Hannover, 30167, Germany
- Institute of Solid State Physics, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Hannover, 30167, Germany
| | - Nadja C Bigall
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Hannover, 30167, Germany
- Laboratory of Nano and Quantum Engineering, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Hannover, 30167, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence PhoenixD (Photonics, Optics, and Engineering - Innovation Across Disciplines), Leibniz Universität Hannover, Hannover, 30167, Germany
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9
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Yabuki A, Sakaguchi T, Fathona IW, Lee JH. Self-reducible copper complex inks with aminediol and OH-based solvent for the fabrication of a highly conductive copper film by calcination at low temperature under an air atmosphere. NEW J CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0nj04725b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
A simple fabrication of copper conductive film was accomplished in one step at low temperature under an air atmosphere. The strategy for solving the problem was the use of both aminediol and OH-based solvent for self-reducible copper complex inks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akihiro Yabuki
- Chemical Engineering Program
- Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering
- Hiroshima University
- Higashi-hiroshima
- Japan
| | - Takuhiro Sakaguchi
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Graduate School of Engineering
- Hiroshima University
- Higashi-hiroshima
- Japan
| | - Indra Wahyudhin Fathona
- Physics Engineering Department
- Electrical Engineering Faculty
- Telkom University Terusan Telekomunikasi
- Dayeuh Kolot Bandung
- Indonesia
| | - Ji Ha Lee
- Chemical Engineering Program
- Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering
- Hiroshima University
- Higashi-hiroshima
- Japan
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10
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Rasool S, Khan N, Jahankhan M, Kim DH, Ho TT, Do LT, Song CE, Lee HK, Lee SK, Lee JC, So WW, Moon SJ, Shin WS. Amine-Based Interfacial Engineering in Solution-Processed Organic and Perovskite Solar Cells. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:16785-16794. [PMID: 30999747 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b03298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Solution-processed organic solar cells (OSCs) and hybrid perovskite solar cells (PvSCs) generally require appropriate transparent electrode with a low work function, which improves the electron extraction, increases the built-in potential, and suppresses charge recombinations. Hence, interfacial modifiers between the cathode and the photoactive layer play a significant role in OSCs and PvSCs, as they provide suitable energy-level alignment, leading to desirable charge carrier selectivity and suppressing charge carrier recombinations at the interfaces. Here, we present a comprehensive study of the energy-level mapping between a transparent electrode and photoactive layers to enhance the electron-transport ability by introducing amine-based interfacial modifiers (ABIMs). Among the ABIMs, polyethylenimine ethoxylated (PEIE) incorporating inverted OSCs shows enhanced power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) from 0.32 to 9.83% due to large interfacial dipole moments, leading to a well-aligned energy level between the cathode and the photoactive layer. Furthermore, we explore the versatility of the PEIE ABIM by employing different photoactive layers with fullerene derivatives, a nonfullerene acceptor, and a perovskite layer. Promisingly, inverted nonfullerene OSCs and planar n-i-p PvSCs with PEIE ABIM show outstanding PCEs of 11.88 and 17.15%, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shafket Rasool
- Advanced Materials and Chemical Engineering , University of Science and Technology (UST) , 217 Gajeongro , Yuseong, Daejeon 34113 , Republic of Korea
| | - Nasir Khan
- Advanced Materials and Chemical Engineering , University of Science and Technology (UST) , 217 Gajeongro , Yuseong, Daejeon 34113 , Republic of Korea
| | - Muhammad Jahankhan
- Advanced Materials and Chemical Engineering , University of Science and Technology (UST) , 217 Gajeongro , Yuseong, Daejeon 34113 , Republic of Korea
| | - Da Hun Kim
- Advanced Materials and Chemical Engineering , University of Science and Technology (UST) , 217 Gajeongro , Yuseong, Daejeon 34113 , Republic of Korea
| | - Thuy Thi Ho
- Advanced Materials and Chemical Engineering , University of Science and Technology (UST) , 217 Gajeongro , Yuseong, Daejeon 34113 , Republic of Korea
| | - Ly Thi Do
- Advanced Materials and Chemical Engineering , University of Science and Technology (UST) , 217 Gajeongro , Yuseong, Daejeon 34113 , Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Eun Song
- Advanced Materials and Chemical Engineering , University of Science and Technology (UST) , 217 Gajeongro , Yuseong, Daejeon 34113 , Republic of Korea
| | | | - Sang Kyu Lee
- Advanced Materials and Chemical Engineering , University of Science and Technology (UST) , 217 Gajeongro , Yuseong, Daejeon 34113 , Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Cheol Lee
- Advanced Materials and Chemical Engineering , University of Science and Technology (UST) , 217 Gajeongro , Yuseong, Daejeon 34113 , Republic of Korea
| | | | - Sang-Jin Moon
- Advanced Materials and Chemical Engineering , University of Science and Technology (UST) , 217 Gajeongro , Yuseong, Daejeon 34113 , Republic of Korea
| | - Won Suk Shin
- Advanced Materials and Chemical Engineering , University of Science and Technology (UST) , 217 Gajeongro , Yuseong, Daejeon 34113 , Republic of Korea
- KU-KRICT Collaborative Research Center & Division of Display and Semiconductor Physics & Department of Advanced Materials Chemistry , Korea University , 2511 Sejong-ro , Sejong 30019 , Republic of Korea
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11
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Rath T, Scheunemann D, Canteri R, Amenitsch H, Handl J, Wewerka K, Kothleitner G, Leimgruber S, Knall AC, Haque SA. Ligand-free preparation of polymer/CuInS 2 nanocrystal films and the influence of 1,3-benzenedithiol on their photovoltaic performance and charge recombination properties. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY. C 2019; 7:943-952. [PMID: 30774956 PMCID: PMC6350655 DOI: 10.1039/c8tc05103h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Bulk heterojunction solar cells based on conjugated polymer donors and fullerene-derivative acceptors have received much attention in the last decade. Alternative acceptors like organic non-fullerene acceptors or inorganic nanocrystals have been investigated to a lesser extent; however, they also show great potential. In this study, one focus is set on the investigation of the in situ growth of copper indium sulfide nanocrystals in a conjugated polymer matrix. This preparation method allows the fabrication of a hybrid active layer without long-chain ligands, which could hinder charge separation and transport. In contrast, surfactants for the passivation of the nanocrystal surface are missing. To tackle this problem, we modified the absorber layer with 1,3-benzenedithiol and investigated the influence on charge transfer and solar cell performance. Using ToF-SIMS measurements, we could show that 1,3-benzenedithiol is successfully incorporated and homogeneously distributed in the absorber layer, which significantly increases the power conversion efficiency of the corresponding solar cells. This can be correlated to an improved charge transfer between the nanocrystals and the conjugated polymer as revealed by transient absorption spectroscopy as well as prolonged carrier lifetimes as disclosed by transient photovoltage measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Rath
- Institute for Chemistry and Technology of Materials (ICTM) , NAWI Graz , Graz University of Technology , Stremayrgasse 9 , 8010 Graz , Austria .
| | - Dorothea Scheunemann
- Energy and Semiconductor Research Laboratory , Department of Physics , Carl von Ossietzky University of Oldenburg , Carl-von-Ossietzky-Strasse 9-11 , 26129 Oldenburg , Germany
| | - Roberto Canteri
- Fondazione Bruno Kessler - Center for Materials and Microsystems , Via Sommarive 18 , I-38123 Povo (Trento) , Italy
| | - Heinz Amenitsch
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry , NAWI Graz , Graz University of Technology , Stremayrgasse 9 , 8010 Graz , Austria
| | - Jasmin Handl
- Institute for Chemistry and Technology of Materials (ICTM) , NAWI Graz , Graz University of Technology , Stremayrgasse 9 , 8010 Graz , Austria .
| | - Karin Wewerka
- Institute for Electron Microscopy and Nanoanalysis and Center for Electron Microscopy , Graz University of Technology , NAWI Graz , Steyrergasse 17 , 8010 Graz , Austria
| | - Gerald Kothleitner
- Institute for Electron Microscopy and Nanoanalysis and Center for Electron Microscopy , Graz University of Technology , NAWI Graz , Steyrergasse 17 , 8010 Graz , Austria
| | - Simon Leimgruber
- Institute for Chemistry and Technology of Materials (ICTM) , NAWI Graz , Graz University of Technology , Stremayrgasse 9 , 8010 Graz , Austria .
| | - Astrid-Caroline Knall
- Institute for Chemistry and Technology of Materials (ICTM) , NAWI Graz , Graz University of Technology , Stremayrgasse 9 , 8010 Graz , Austria .
| | - Saif A Haque
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Plastic Electronics , Imperial College London , Imperial College Road , London , SW7 2AZ , UK
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12
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Lühmann H, Quiroga-González E, Kienle L, Duppel V, Neubüser G, Bensch W. Exploring the Cu-In-S System under Solvothermal Conditions near the Composition CuIn5
S8. Z Anorg Allg Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/zaac.201800421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Henning Lühmann
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie der Universität Kiel; Max-Eyth-Str.2 24119 Kiel Germany
| | | | - Lorenz Kienle
- Institute for Material Science of the University of Kiel; Kaiserstr. 2 24143 Kiel Germany
| | - Viola Duppel
- Nanochemistry; Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research; Heisenbergstr. 1 70569 Stuttgart Germany
| | - Gero Neubüser
- Institute for Material Science of the University of Kiel; Kaiserstr. 2 24143 Kiel Germany
| | - Wolfgang Bensch
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie der Universität Kiel; Max-Eyth-Str.2 24119 Kiel Germany
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13
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Havryliuk Y, Selyshchev O, Valakh M, Raevskaya A, Stroyuk O, Schmidt C, Dzhagan V, Zahn DRT. Raman study of flash-lamp annealed aqueous Cu 2ZnSnS 4 nanocrystals. BEILSTEIN JOURNAL OF NANOTECHNOLOGY 2019; 10:222-227. [PMID: 30746315 PMCID: PMC6350886 DOI: 10.3762/bjnano.10.20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2018] [Accepted: 01/03/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The effect of flash-lamp annealing (FLA) on the re-crystallization of thin films made of colloidal Cu2ZnSnS4 nanocrystals (NCs) is investigated by Raman spectroscopy. Unlike similar previous studies of NCs synthesized at high temperatures in organic solvents, NCs in this work, which have diameters as small as 2-6 nm, were synthesized under environmentally friendly conditions in aqueous solution using small molecules as stabilizers. We establish the range of FLA conditions providing an efficient re-crystallization in the thin film of NCs, while preserving their kesterite structure and improving their crystallinity remarkably. The formation of secondary phases at higher FLA power densities, as well as the dependence of the formation on the film thickness are also investigated. Importantly, no inert atmosphere for the FLA treatment of the NCs is required, which makes this technology even more suitable for mass production, in particular for printed thin films on flexible substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yevhenii Havryliuk
- V. E. Lashkaryov Institute of Semiconductors Physics, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, 03028, Ukraine
| | - Oleksandr Selyshchev
- Semiconductor Physics, Chemnitz University of Technology, 09107 Chemnitz, Germany
| | - Mykhailo Valakh
- V. E. Lashkaryov Institute of Semiconductors Physics, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, 03028, Ukraine
| | - Alexandra Raevskaya
- L. V. Pysarzhevsky Institute of Physical Chemistry, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, 03028, Ukraine
| | - Oleksandr Stroyuk
- Semiconductor Physics, Chemnitz University of Technology, 09107 Chemnitz, Germany
- L. V. Pysarzhevsky Institute of Physical Chemistry, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, 03028, Ukraine
| | - Constance Schmidt
- Semiconductor Physics, Chemnitz University of Technology, 09107 Chemnitz, Germany
| | - Volodymyr Dzhagan
- V. E. Lashkaryov Institute of Semiconductors Physics, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, 03028, Ukraine
| | - Dietrich R T Zahn
- Semiconductor Physics, Chemnitz University of Technology, 09107 Chemnitz, Germany
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14
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Yazdani S, Pettes MT. Nanoscale self-assembly of thermoelectric materials: a review of chemistry-based approaches. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2018; 29:432001. [PMID: 30052199 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/aad673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
This review is concerned with the leading methods of bottom-up material preparation for thermal-to-electrical energy interconversion. The advantages, capabilities, and challenges from a material synthesis perspective are surveyed and the methods are discussed with respect to their potential for improvement (or possibly deterioration) of application-relevant transport properties. Solution chemistry-based synthesis approaches are re-assessed from the perspective of thermoelectric applications based on reported procedures for nanowire, quantum dot, mesoporous, hydro/solvothermal, and microwave-assisted syntheses as these techniques can effectively be exploited for industrial mass production. In terms of energy conversion efficiency, the benefit of self-assembly can occur from three paths: suppressing thermal conductivity, increasing thermopower, and boosting electrical conductivity. An ideal thermoelectric material gains from all three improvements simultaneously. Most bottom-up materials have been shown to exhibit very low values of thermal conductivity compared to their top-down (solid-state) counterparts, although the main challenge lies in improving their poor electrical properties. Recent developments in the field discussed in this review reveal that the traditional view of bottom-up thermoelectrics as inferior materials suffering from poor performance is not appropriate. Thermopower enhancement due to size and energy filtering effects, electrical conductivity enhancement, and thermal conductivity reduction mechanisms inherent in bottom-up nanoscale self-assembly syntheses are indicative of the impact that these techniques will play in future thermoelectric applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sajad Yazdani
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Institute of Materials Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, United States of America
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15
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Abd El-Fattah ZM, Ashoush MA. Structural characterization of pure and magnetic-doped Bi2Se3 nanoparticles. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE: MATERIALS IN ELECTRONICS 2018; 29:2593-2599. [DOI: 10.1007/s10854-017-8183-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
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16
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Havryliuk Y, Valakh MY, Dzhagan V, Greshchuk O, Yukhymchuk V, Raevskaya A, Stroyuk O, Selyshchev O, Gaponik N, Zahn DRT. Raman characterization of Cu2ZnSnS4 nanocrystals: phonon confinement effect and formation of CuxS phases. RSC Adv 2018; 8:30736-30746. [PMID: 35548720 PMCID: PMC9085493 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra05390a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2018] [Accepted: 08/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
A Raman spectroscopic study of Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS) nanocrystals (NCs) produced by a “green” synthesis in aqueous solutions is reported. Size-selected CZTS NCs reveal phonon confinement that manifests itself in an upward shift of the main phonon peak by about 3–4 cm−1 by varying the NC diameter from 3 to 2 nm. A non-monotonous shift and narrowing of the main peak are attributed to the special shape of the phonon dispersion in this material. Moreover, the method of sample preparation, the nature of the supporting substrate and the photoexcitation regime are found to crucially influence the Raman spectra of the CZTS samples. Particularly, the possible oxidation and hydrolysis of CZTS NCs with the concomitant formation of a Cu–S phase are systematically investigated. The nature of the film support is found to strongly affect the amount of admixture copper sulfide phases with the Cu2−xS/CuS content being the highest for oxidized silicon and glass and notably lower for ITO and even less for gold supports. The effect is assumed to originate from the different hydrophilicity of the supporting surfaces, resulting in a different morphology and surface area of the NC film exposed to the atmosphere, as well as the degree of the NC oxidation/hydrolysis. The amount of copper sulfide increases with the laser power. This effect is interpreted as a result of photochemical/photocatalytic transformations of the CZTS NCs. A Raman spectroscopic study of Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS) nanocrystals (NCs) produced by a “green” synthesis in aqueous solutions is reported.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye. Havryliuk
- V. E. Lashkaryov Institute of Semiconductor Physics
- Nat. Acad. of Sci. of Ukraine
- 03028 Kyiv
- Ukraine
| | - M. Ya. Valakh
- V. E. Lashkaryov Institute of Semiconductor Physics
- Nat. Acad. of Sci. of Ukraine
- 03028 Kyiv
- Ukraine
| | - V. Dzhagan
- V. E. Lashkaryov Institute of Semiconductor Physics
- Nat. Acad. of Sci. of Ukraine
- 03028 Kyiv
- Ukraine
| | - O. Greshchuk
- V. E. Lashkaryov Institute of Semiconductor Physics
- Nat. Acad. of Sci. of Ukraine
- 03028 Kyiv
- Ukraine
| | - V. Yukhymchuk
- V. E. Lashkaryov Institute of Semiconductor Physics
- Nat. Acad. of Sci. of Ukraine
- 03028 Kyiv
- Ukraine
| | - A. Raevskaya
- L. V. Pysarzhevsky Institute of Physical Chemistry
- Nat. Acad. of Sci. of Ukraine
- 03028 Kyiv
- Ukraine
- Physical Chemistry
| | - O. Stroyuk
- L. V. Pysarzhevsky Institute of Physical Chemistry
- Nat. Acad. of Sci. of Ukraine
- 03028 Kyiv
- Ukraine
- Physical Chemistry
| | - O. Selyshchev
- Semiconductor Physics
- Chemnitz University of Technology
- 09107 Chemnitz
- Germany
| | - N. Gaponik
- Physical Chemistry
- TU Dresden
- 01062 Dresden
- Germany
| | - D. R. T. Zahn
- Semiconductor Physics
- Chemnitz University of Technology
- 09107 Chemnitz
- Germany
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17
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Danna CS, Osorio-Román I, Dognani G, Leopoldo Constantino CJ, Agarwal V, Job AE. Flexible fluorescent films based on quantum dots (QDs) and natural rubber. J Appl Polym Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/app.45459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Silva Danna
- Department of Physics, FCT; UNESP Univ Estadual Paulista, Rua Roberto Simonsen 305, Presidente Prudente; Sao Paulo 19060-900 Brazil
- Division of Research and Extension, Faculty of Presidente Prudente-FAPEPE; União Nacional das Inst. de Ensino Superior Privadas-UNIESP, Avenue Presidente Prudente 6093; Presidente Prudente São Paulo 19053-210 Brazil
| | - Igor Osorio-Román
- Department of Physics, FCT; UNESP Univ Estadual Paulista, Rua Roberto Simonsen 305, Presidente Prudente; Sao Paulo 19060-900 Brazil
| | - Guilherme Dognani
- Department of Physics, FCT; UNESP Univ Estadual Paulista, Rua Roberto Simonsen 305, Presidente Prudente; Sao Paulo 19060-900 Brazil
| | - Carlos Jose Leopoldo Constantino
- Department of Physics, FCT; UNESP Univ Estadual Paulista, Rua Roberto Simonsen 305, Presidente Prudente; Sao Paulo 19060-900 Brazil
| | - Vivechana Agarwal
- Faculty of Chemical Science and Engineering, Center for Research in Engineering and Applied Sciences; UAEM, Avenue Universidad 1001; Cuernavaca Morelos 62209 Mexico
| | - Aldo Eloizo Job
- Department of Physics, FCT; UNESP Univ Estadual Paulista, Rua Roberto Simonsen 305, Presidente Prudente; Sao Paulo 19060-900 Brazil
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18
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Purohit P, Fortes FJ, Laserna JJ. Spectral Identification in the Attogram Regime through Laser-Induced Emission of Single Optically Trapped Nanoparticles in Air. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201708870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Purohit
- Departamento de Química Analítica; Universidad de Málaga; Campus de Teatinos S/N 29071 Málaga Spain
| | - Francisco J. Fortes
- Departamento de Química Analítica; Universidad de Málaga; Campus de Teatinos S/N 29071 Málaga Spain
| | - J. Javier Laserna
- Departamento de Química Analítica; Universidad de Málaga; Campus de Teatinos S/N 29071 Málaga Spain
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19
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Purohit P, Fortes FJ, Laserna JJ. Spectral Identification in the Attogram Regime through Laser-Induced Emission of Single Optically Trapped Nanoparticles in Air. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:14178-14182. [PMID: 28877398 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201708870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Current trends in nanoengineering are bringing along new structures of diverse chemical compositions that need to be meticulously defined in order to ensure their correct operation. Few methods can provide the sensitivity required to carry out measurements on individual nano-objects without tedious sample pre-treatment or data analysis. In the present study, we introduce a pathway for the elemental identification of single nanoparticles (NPs) that avoids suspension in liquid media by means of optical trapping and laser-induced plasma spectroscopy. We demonstrate spectroscopic detection and identification of individual 25(±3.7) to 70(±10.5) nm in diameter Cu NPs stably trapped in air featuring masses down to 73±35 attograms. We found an increase in the absolute number of photons produced as size of the particles decreased; pointing towards a more efficient excitation of ensembles of only ca. 7×105 Cu atoms in the onset plasma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Purohit
- Departamento de Química Analítica, Universidad de Málaga, Campus de Teatinos S/N, 29071, Málaga, Spain
| | - Francisco J Fortes
- Departamento de Química Analítica, Universidad de Málaga, Campus de Teatinos S/N, 29071, Málaga, Spain
| | - J Javier Laserna
- Departamento de Química Analítica, Universidad de Málaga, Campus de Teatinos S/N, 29071, Málaga, Spain
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20
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Coughlan C, Ibáñez M, Dobrozhan O, Singh A, Cabot A, Ryan KM. Compound Copper Chalcogenide Nanocrystals. Chem Rev 2017; 117:5865-6109. [PMID: 28394585 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.6b00376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 327] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
This review captures the synthesis, assembly, properties, and applications of copper chalcogenide NCs, which have achieved significant research interest in the last decade due to their compositional and structural versatility. The outstanding functional properties of these materials stems from the relationship between their band structure and defect concentration, including charge carrier concentration and electronic conductivity character, which consequently affects their optoelectronic, optical, and plasmonic properties. This, combined with several metastable crystal phases and stoichiometries and the low energy of formation of defects, makes the reproducible synthesis of these materials, with tunable parameters, remarkable. Further to this, the review captures the progress of the hierarchical assembly of these NCs, which bridges the link between their discrete and collective properties. Their ubiquitous application set has cross-cut energy conversion (photovoltaics, photocatalysis, thermoelectrics), energy storage (lithium-ion batteries, hydrogen generation), emissive materials (plasmonics, LEDs, biolabelling), sensors (electrochemical, biochemical), biomedical devices (magnetic resonance imaging, X-ray computer tomography), and medical therapies (photochemothermal therapies, immunotherapy, radiotherapy, and drug delivery). The confluence of advances in the synthesis, assembly, and application of these NCs in the past decade has the potential to significantly impact society, both economically and environmentally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Coughlan
- Department of Chemical Sciences and Bernal Institute, University of Limerick , Limerick, Ireland
| | - Maria Ibáñez
- Catalonia Energy Research Institute - IREC, Sant Adria de Besos , Jardins de les Dones de Negre n.1, Pl. 2, 08930 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Oleksandr Dobrozhan
- Catalonia Energy Research Institute - IREC, Sant Adria de Besos , Jardins de les Dones de Negre n.1, Pl. 2, 08930 Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Electronics and Computing, Sumy State University , 2 Rymskogo-Korsakova st., 40007 Sumy, Ukraine
| | - Ajay Singh
- Materials Physics & Applications Division: Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, Los Alamos National Laboratory , Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
| | - Andreu Cabot
- Catalonia Energy Research Institute - IREC, Sant Adria de Besos , Jardins de les Dones de Negre n.1, Pl. 2, 08930 Barcelona, Spain.,ICREA, Pg. Lluís Companys 23, 08010 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Kevin M Ryan
- Department of Chemical Sciences and Bernal Institute, University of Limerick , Limerick, Ireland
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21
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Colbert AE, Jedlicka E, Wu W, Ginger DS. Subpicosecond Photon-Energy-Dependent Hole Transfer from PbS Quantum Dots to Conjugated Polymers. J Phys Chem Lett 2016; 7:5150-5155. [PMID: 27973888 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.6b02490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
We use transient absorption (TA) spectroscopy to study the origin of photon-energy dependent hole transfer yields in blends of PbS quantum dots with the conjugated polymer poly(3-hexylthiophene-2,5-diyl) (P3HT). We selectively excite only the quantum dots at two different wavelengths and measure the polymer ground state bleach resulting from the transfer of photoexcited holes. The higher photon-energy pump shows a greater prompt yield of hole transfer compared to the lower photon-energy excitation, on time scales sufficient to out-compete hot carrier cooling in lead chalcogenide quantum dots. We interpret the results as evidence that the excess energy of nonthermalized, or "hot," excitons resulting from higher photon-energy excitation allows more efficient charge transfer to the polymer in these systems. The data also demonstrate slow charge transfer rates, up to ∼1 ns, of the relaxed excitations on the PbS dots. These findings help to clarify the role of excess photon energy and carrier relaxation dynamics on free carrier generation in donor/acceptor solar cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam E Colbert
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington , Box 351700, Seattle, Washington 98195-1700, United States
| | - Erin Jedlicka
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington , Box 351700, Seattle, Washington 98195-1700, United States
| | - Wenbi Wu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington , Box 351700, Seattle, Washington 98195-1700, United States
| | - David S Ginger
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington , Box 351700, Seattle, Washington 98195-1700, United States
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22
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Abstract
Organic (opto)electronic materials have received considerable attention due to their applications in thin-film-transistors, light-emitting diodes, solar cells, sensors, photorefractive devices, and many others. The technological promises include low cost of these materials and the possibility of their room-temperature deposition from solution on large-area and/or flexible substrates. The article reviews the current understanding of the physical mechanisms that determine the (opto)electronic properties of high-performance organic materials. The focus of the review is on photoinduced processes and on electronic properties important for optoelectronic applications relying on charge carrier photogeneration. Additionally, it highlights the capabilities of various experimental techniques for characterization of these materials, summarizes top-of-the-line device performance, and outlines recent trends in the further development of the field. The properties of materials based both on small molecules and on conjugated polymers are considered, and their applications in organic solar cells, photodetectors, and photorefractive devices are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oksana Ostroverkhova
- Department of Physics, Oregon State University , Corvallis, Oregon 97331, United States
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24
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Photovoltaic study of quantum dot-sensitized TiO2/CdS/ZnS solar cell with P3HT or P3OT added. J APPL ELECTROCHEM 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s10800-016-0972-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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25
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Chen S, Qiao X, Wang F, Luo Q, Zhang X, Wan X, Xu Y, Fan X. Facile synthesis of hybrid nanorods with the Sb2Se3/AgSbSe2 heterojunction structure for high performance photodetectors. NANOSCALE 2016; 8:2277-2283. [PMID: 26743461 DOI: 10.1039/c5nr06384a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
An effective colloidal process involving the hot-injection method is developed to synthesize uniform single-crystalline Sb2Se3 nanorods in high yields. The photoconductive characteristics of the as-synthesized Sb2Se3 nanorods are investigated by developing a film-based photodetector and this device displays a remarkable response to visible light with an "ON/OFF" ratio as high as 50 (with an incident light density of 12.05 mW cm(-2)), short response/recovery times and long-term durability. To overcome the challenge of the intrinsic low electrical conductivity of Sb2Se3, hybrid nanorods with the Sb2Se3/AgSbSe2 heterojunction structure having a type-II band alignment are firstly prepared. The electric current of the photodetector based on the Sb2Se3/AgSbSe2 hybrid nanorod film has been significantly increased both in the dark and under light illumination. The responsivity of the photodetector based on the Sb2Se3/AgSbSe2 hybrid nanorod film is about 4.2 times as much as that of the photodetector based on the Sb2Se3 nanorod film. This improvement can be considered as an important step to promote Sb2Se3 based semiconductors for applications in high performance photodetectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, P. R. China.
| | - Xvsheng Qiao
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, P. R. China.
| | - Fengxia Wang
- Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Qun Luo
- Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Xianghua Zhang
- Laboratory of Glasses and Ceramics, Institute of Chemistry, CNRS-Université de Rennes I, campus de Beaulieu, 35042 Rennes cedex, France
| | - Xia Wan
- College of Information Science and Electronic Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, P. R. China
| | - Yang Xu
- College of Information Science and Electronic Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, P. R. China
| | - Xianping Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, P. R. China.
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26
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Carenco S, Moldovan S, Roiban L, Florea I, Portehault D, Vallé K, Belleville P, Boissière C, Rozes L, Mézailles N, Drillon M, Sanchez C, Ersen O. The core contribution of transmission electron microscopy to functional nanomaterials engineering. NANOSCALE 2016; 8:1260-1279. [PMID: 26674446 DOI: 10.1039/c5nr05460e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Research on nanomaterials and nanostructured materials is burgeoning because their numerous and versatile applications contribute to solve societal needs in the domain of medicine, energy, environment and STICs. Optimizing their properties requires in-depth analysis of their structural, morphological and chemical features at the nanoscale. In a transmission electron microscope (TEM), combining tomography with electron energy loss spectroscopy and high-magnification imaging in high-angle annular dark-field mode provides access to all features of the same object. Today, TEM experiments in three dimensions are paramount to solve tough structural problems associated with nanoscale matter. This approach allowed a thorough morphological description of silica fibers. Moreover, quantitative analysis of the mesoporous network of binary metal oxide prepared by template-assisted spray-drying was performed, and the homogeneity of amino functionalized metal-organic frameworks was assessed. Besides, the morphology and internal structure of metal phosphide nanoparticles was deciphered, providing a milestone for understanding phase segregation at the nanoscale. By extrapolating to larger classes of materials, from soft matter to hard metals and/or ceramics, this approach allows probing small volumes and uncovering materials characteristics and properties at two or three dimensions. Altogether, this feature article aims at providing (nano)materials scientists with a representative set of examples that illustrates the capabilities of modern TEM and tomography, which can be transposed to their own research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Carenco
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, CNRS, Collège de France, Laboratoire de Chimie de la Matière Condensée de Paris, 11 place Marcelin Berthelot, 75005 Paris, France.
| | - Simona Moldovan
- Institut de Physique et Chimie des Matériaux de Strasbourg (IPCMS), UMR 7504 CNRS-Université de Strasbourg (UdS), 23 rue du Loess, 67037 Strasbourg Cedex 08, France.
| | - Lucian Roiban
- Institut de Physique et Chimie des Matériaux de Strasbourg (IPCMS), UMR 7504 CNRS-Université de Strasbourg (UdS), 23 rue du Loess, 67037 Strasbourg Cedex 08, France.
| | - Ileana Florea
- Institut de Physique et Chimie des Matériaux de Strasbourg (IPCMS), UMR 7504 CNRS-Université de Strasbourg (UdS), 23 rue du Loess, 67037 Strasbourg Cedex 08, France.
| | - David Portehault
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, CNRS, Collège de France, Laboratoire de Chimie de la Matière Condensée de Paris, 11 place Marcelin Berthelot, 75005 Paris, France.
| | | | | | - Cédric Boissière
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, CNRS, Collège de France, Laboratoire de Chimie de la Matière Condensée de Paris, 11 place Marcelin Berthelot, 75005 Paris, France.
| | - Laurence Rozes
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, CNRS, Collège de France, Laboratoire de Chimie de la Matière Condensée de Paris, 11 place Marcelin Berthelot, 75005 Paris, France.
| | - Nicolas Mézailles
- Laboratoire Hétérochimie Fondamentale et Appliquée, Université Paul Sabatier, UMR CNRS 5069, 118, route de Narbonne, 31062 Toulouse Cedex 9, France
| | - Marc Drillon
- Institut de Physique et Chimie des Matériaux de Strasbourg (IPCMS), UMR 7504 CNRS-Université de Strasbourg (UdS), 23 rue du Loess, 67037 Strasbourg Cedex 08, France.
| | - Clément Sanchez
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, CNRS, Collège de France, Laboratoire de Chimie de la Matière Condensée de Paris, 11 place Marcelin Berthelot, 75005 Paris, France.
| | - Ovidiu Ersen
- Institut de Physique et Chimie des Matériaux de Strasbourg (IPCMS), UMR 7504 CNRS-Université de Strasbourg (UdS), 23 rue du Loess, 67037 Strasbourg Cedex 08, France.
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27
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Yonezawa T, Tsukamoto H, Yong Y, Nguyen MT, Matsubara M. Low temperature sintering process of copper fine particles under nitrogen gas flow with Cu2+-alkanolamine metallacycle compounds for electrically conductive layer formation. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra25058g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel low cost sintering process of copper fine particles to a copper conductive layer with Cu2+-alkanolamine metallacycle complexes at as low as 100 °C without reductive gas flow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsu Yonezawa
- Division of Materials Science and Engineering
- Faculty of Engineering
- Hokkaido University
- Sapporo
- Japan
| | - Hiroki Tsukamoto
- Division of Materials Science and Engineering
- Faculty of Engineering
- Hokkaido University
- Sapporo
- Japan
| | - Yingqiong Yong
- Division of Materials Science and Engineering
- Faculty of Engineering
- Hokkaido University
- Sapporo
- Japan
| | - Mai Thanh Nguyen
- Division of Materials Science and Engineering
- Faculty of Engineering
- Hokkaido University
- Sapporo
- Japan
| | - Masaki Matsubara
- Division of Materials Science and Engineering
- Faculty of Engineering
- Hokkaido University
- Sapporo
- Japan
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28
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Kreider-Mueller A, Quinlivan PJ, Owen JS, Parkin G. Synthesis and structures of cadmium carboxylate and thiocarboxylate compounds with a sulfur-rich coordination environment: carboxylate exchange kinetics involving tris(2-mercapto-1-t-butylimidazolyl)hydroborato cadmium complexes, [Tm(Bu(t))]Cd(O2CR). Inorg Chem 2015; 54:3835-50. [PMID: 25826184 PMCID: PMC4415050 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.5b00017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A series of cadmium carboxylate compounds in a sulfur-rich environment provided by the tris(2-tert-butylmercaptoimidazolyl)hydroborato ligand, namely, [Tm(Bu(t))]CdO2CR, has been synthesized via the reactions of the cadmium methyl derivative [Tm(Bu(t))]CdMe with RCO2H. Such compounds mimic aspects of cadmium-substituted zinc enzymes and also the surface atoms of cadmium chalcogenide crystals, and have therefore been employed to model relevant ligand exchange processes. Significantly, both (1)H and (19)F NMR spectroscopy demonstrate that the exchange of carboxylate groups between [Tm(Bu(t))]Cd(κ(2)-O2CR) and the carboxylic acid RCO2H is facile on the NMR time scale, even at low temperature. Analysis of the rate of exchange as a function of concentration of RCO2H indicates that reaction occurs via an associative rather than dissociative pathway. In addition to carboxylate compounds, the thiocarboxylate derivative [Tm(Bu(t))]Cd[κ(1)-SC(O)Ph] has also been synthesized via the reaction of [Tm(Bu(t))]CdMe with thiobenzoic acid. The molecular structure of [Tm(Bu(t))]Cd[κ(1)-SC(O)Ph] has been determined by X-ray diffraction, and an interesting feature is that, in contrast to the carboxylate derivatives [Tm(Bu(t))]Cd(κ(2)-O2CR), the thiocarboxylate ligand binds in a κ(1) manner via only the sulfur atom.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ava Kreider-Mueller
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia
University, New York, New York 10027, United
States
| | - Patrick J. Quinlivan
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia
University, New York, New York 10027, United
States
| | - Jonathan S. Owen
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia
University, New York, New York 10027, United
States
| | - Gerard Parkin
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia
University, New York, New York 10027, United
States
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Tselikov GI, Timoshenko VY, Golovan LA, Plenge J, Shatalova AM, Shandryuk GA, Kutergina IY, Merekalov AS, Rühl E, Talroze RV. Role of the polymer matrix on the photoluminescence of embedded CdSe quantum dots. Chemphyschem 2015; 16:1071-8. [PMID: 25728757 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201402913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The photoluminescence (PL) of CdSe quantum dots (QDs) that form stable nanocomposites with polymer liquid crystals (LCs) as smectic C hydrogen-bonded homopolymers from a family of poly[4-(n-acryloyloxyalkyloxy)benzoic acids] is reported. The matrix that results from the combination of these units with methoxyphenyl benzoate and cholesterol-containing units has a cholesteric structure. The exciton PL band of QDs in the smectic matrix is redshifted with respect to QDs in solution, whereas a blueshift is observed with the cholesteric matrix. The PL lifetimes and quantum yield in cholesteric nanocomposites are higher than those in smectic ones. This is interpreted in terms of a higher order of the smectic matrix in comparison to the cholesteric one. CdSe QDs in the ordered smectic matrix demonstrate a splitting of the exciton PL band and an enhancement of the photoinduced differential transmission. These results reveal the effects of the structure of polymer LC matrices on the optical properties of embedded QDs, which offer new possibilities for photonic applications of QD-LC polymer nanocomposites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gleb I Tselikov
- Department of Physics, M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, 1-2 Leninskiye Gory, Moscow 119991 GSP-1 (Russia)
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30
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Chen Y, Zhang X, Tao Q, Fu W, Yang H, Su S, Mu Y, Zhou L, Li M. High catalytic activity of a PbS counter electrode prepared via chemical bath deposition for quantum dots-sensitized solar cells. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra08076a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A PbS counter electrode (CE) has been fabricated by a chemical bath deposition method, and can function as a counter electrode with high catalytic activity for quantum dots-sensitized solar cells (QDSSCs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanli Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Superhard Materials
- Jilin University
- Changchun 130012
- PR China
| | - Xiaolin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Superhard Materials
- Jilin University
- Changchun 130012
- PR China
| | - Qiang Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Superhard Materials
- Jilin University
- Changchun 130012
- PR China
| | - Wuyou Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Superhard Materials
- Jilin University
- Changchun 130012
- PR China
| | - Haibin Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Superhard Materials
- Jilin University
- Changchun 130012
- PR China
| | - Shi Su
- State Key Laboratory of Superhard Materials
- Jilin University
- Changchun 130012
- PR China
| | - Yannan Mu
- State Key Laboratory of Superhard Materials
- Jilin University
- Changchun 130012
- PR China
- Department of Physics and Chemistry
| | - Liying Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Superhard Materials
- Jilin University
- Changchun 130012
- PR China
| | - Minghui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Superhard Materials
- Jilin University
- Changchun 130012
- PR China
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31
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MacLachlan AJ, Rath T, Cappel UB, Dowland SA, Amenitsch H, Knall AC, Buchmaier C, Trimmel G, Nelson J, Haque SA. Polymer/Nanocrystal Hybrid Solar Cells: Influence of Molecular Precursor Design on Film Nanomorphology, Charge Generation and Device Performance. ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS 2015; 25:409-420. [PMID: 25866496 PMCID: PMC4384757 DOI: 10.1002/adfm.201403108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2014] [Revised: 10/15/2014] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
In this work, molecular tuning of metal xanthate precursors is shown to have a marked effect on the heterojunction morphology of hybrid poly(3-hexylthiophene-2,5-diyl) (P3HT)/CdS blends and, as a result, the photochemical processes and overall performance of in situ fabricated hybrid solar cells. A series of cadmium xanthate complexes is synthesized for use as in situ precursors to cadmium sulfide nanoparticles in hybrid P3HT/CdS solar cells. The formation of CdS domains is studied by simultaneous GIWAXS (grazing incidence wide-angle X-ray scattering) and GISAXS (grazing incidence small-angle X-ray scattering), revealing knowledge about crystal growth and the formation of different morphologies observed using TEM (transmission electron microscopy). These measurements show that there is a strong relationship between precursor structure and heterojunction nanomorphology. A combination of TAS (transient absorption spectroscopy) and photovoltaic device performance measurements is used to show the intricate balance required between charge photogeneration and percolated domains in order to effectively extract charges to maximize device power conversion efficiencies. This study presents a strong case for xanthate complexes as a useful route to designing optimal heterojunction morphologies for use in the emerging field of hybrid organic/inorganic solar cells, due to the fact that the nanomorphology can be tuned via careful design of these precursor materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J MacLachlan
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Plastic Electronics, Imperial College LondonImperial College Road, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Thomas Rath
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Plastic Electronics, Imperial College LondonImperial College Road, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Ute B Cappel
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Plastic Electronics, Imperial College LondonImperial College Road, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Simon A Dowland
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Plastic Electronics, Imperial College LondonImperial College Road, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Heinz Amenitsch
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry, NAWI Graz, Graz University of TechnologyStremayrgasse 9, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Astrid-Caroline Knall
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Plastic Electronics, Imperial College LondonImperial College Road, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
- Institute for Chemistry and Technology of Materials, NAWI Graz, Graz University of TechnologyStremayrgasse 9, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Christine Buchmaier
- Institute for Chemistry and Technology of Materials, NAWI Graz, Graz University of TechnologyStremayrgasse 9, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Gregor Trimmel
- Institute for Chemistry and Technology of Materials, NAWI Graz, Graz University of TechnologyStremayrgasse 9, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Jenny Nelson
- Department of Physics and Centre for Plastic Electronics, Imperial College LondonImperial College Road, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Saif A Haque
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Plastic Electronics, Imperial College LondonImperial College Road, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
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32
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Polavarapu L, Mourdikoudis S, Pastoriza-Santos I, Pérez-Juste J. Nanocrystal engineering of noble metals and metal chalcogenides: controlling the morphology, composition and crystallinity. CrystEngComm 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ce00112a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Kumar N, Dutta V. Fabrication of polymer/cadmium sulfide hybrid solar cells [P3HT:CdS and PCPDTBT:CdS] by spray deposition. J Colloid Interface Sci 2014; 434:181-7. [PMID: 25203909 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2014.07.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2014] [Revised: 07/28/2014] [Accepted: 07/31/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
This paper investigates fabrication of surfactant free CdS nanoparticles (NPs) and application in the fabrication of P3HT:CdS and PCPDTBT:CdS bulk-heterojunction hybrid solar cells using high-throughput, large-area, low cost spray deposition technique. Both the hybrid active layers and hole transport layers are deposited by spray technique. The CdS/Poly(3-hexylthiophene-2,5-diyl) (P3HT) and CdS/Poly[2,6-(4,4-bis-(2-ethylhexyl)-4H-cyclopenta[2,1-b;3,4-b']dithiophene)-alt-4,7(2,1,3-benzothiadiazole)] (PCPDTBT) hybrid devices are fabricated by spray deposition process at optimized conditions (i.e. film thickness, spray solution volume, distance between sample and spray nozzle, substrate temperature, etc.). The power conversion efficiency of η=0.6% and 1.02% is obtained for P3HT:CdS and PCPDTBT:CdS hybrid devices, respectively. Spray coating holds significant promise as a technique capable of fabricating large-area, high performance hybrid solar cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neetesh Kumar
- Photovoltaic Laboratory, Centre for Energy Studies, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi 110016, India.
| | - Viresh Dutta
- Photovoltaic Laboratory, Centre for Energy Studies, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi 110016, India.
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34
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Su YW, Lin WH, Hsu YJ, Wei KH. Conjugated polymer/nanocrystal nanocomposites for renewable energy applications in photovoltaics and photocatalysis. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2014; 10:4427-42. [PMID: 25074641 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201401508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2014] [Revised: 06/24/2014] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Conjugated polymer/nanocrystal composites have attracted much attention for use in renewable energy applications because of their versatile and synergistic optical and electronic properties. Upon absorbing photons, charge separation occurs in the nanocrystals, generating electrons and holes for photocurrent flow or reduction/oxidation (redox) reactions under proper conditions. Incorporating these nanocrystals into conjugated polymers can complement the visible light absorption range of the polymers for photovoltaics applications or allow the polymers to sensitize or immobilize the nanocrystals for photocatalysis. Here, the current developments of conjugated polymer/nanocrystal nanocomposites for bulk heterojunction-type photovoltaics incorporating Cd- and Pb-based nanocrystals or quantum dots are reviewed. The effects of manipulating the organic ligands and the concentration of the nanocrystal precursor, critical factors that affect the shape and aggregation of the nanocrystals, are also discussed. In the conclusion, the mechanisms through which conjugated polymers can sensitize semiconductor nanocrystals (TiO2 , ZnO) to ensure efficient charge separation, as well as how they can support immobilized nanocrystals for use in photocatalysis, are addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Wei Su
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, 30010, Taiwan
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35
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Yan J, Saunders BR. Third-generation solar cells: a review and comparison of polymer:fullerene, hybrid polymer and perovskite solar cells. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra07064j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 181] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Third-generation solar cells have excellent potential for delivering large scale, low-cost solar electricity. We review and compare the current understanding of the operation principles, performance improvements and future prospects for polymer:fullerene, hybrid polymer and perovskite solar cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junfeng Yan
- Polymer Science and Technology Group
- School of Materials
- The University of Manchester
- Manchester, UK
| | - Brian R. Saunders
- Polymer Science and Technology Group
- School of Materials
- The University of Manchester
- Manchester, UK
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