1
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Kotsuka T, Hori Y. Stability Analysis for Large-Scale Multi-Agent Molecular Communication Systems. IEEE Trans Nanobioscience 2024; 23:507-517. [PMID: 38781070 DOI: 10.1109/tnb.2024.3404592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Molecular communication (MC) is recently featured as a novel communication tool to connect individual biological nanorobots. It is expected that a large number of nanorobots can form large multi-agent MC systems through MC to accomplish complex and large-scale tasks that cannot be achieved by a single nanorobot. However, most previous models for MC systems assume a unidirectional diffusion communication channel and cannot capture the feedback between each nanorobot, which is important for multi-agent MC systems. In this paper, we introduce a system theoretic model for large-scale multi-agent MC systems using transfer functions, and then propose a method to analyze the stability for multi-agent MC systems. The proposed method decomposes the multi-agent MC system into multiple single-input and single-output (SISO) systems, which facilitates the application of simple analysis technique for SISO systems to the large-scale multi-agent MC system. Finally, we demonstrate the proposed method by analyzing the stability of a specific large-scale multi-agent MC system and clarify a parameter region to synchronize the states of nanorobots, which is important to make cooperative behaviors at a population level.
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2
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Ferrer Campos R, Bakenecker AC, Chen Y, Spadaro MC, Fraire J, Arbiol J, Sánchez S, Villa K. Boosting the Efficiency of Photoactive Rod-Shaped Nanomotors via Magnetic Field-Induced Charge Separation. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:30077-30087. [PMID: 38819932 PMCID: PMC11181276 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c03905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2024] [Revised: 05/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/02/2024]
Abstract
Photocatalytic nanomotors have attracted a lot of attention because of their unique capacity to simultaneously convert light and chemical energy into mechanical motion with a fast photoresponse. Recent discoveries demonstrate that the integration of optical and magnetic components within a single nanomotor platform offers novel advantages for precise motion control and enhanced photocatalytic performance. Despite these advancements, the impact of magnetic fields on energy transfer dynamics in photocatalytic nanomotors remains unexplored. Here, we introduce dual-responsive rod-like nanomotors, made of a TiO2/NiFe heterojunction, able to (i) self-propel upon irradiation, (ii) align with the direction of an external magnetic field, and (iii) exhibit enhanced photocatalytic performance. Consequently, when combining light irradiation with a homogeneous magnetic field, these nanomotors exhibit increased velocities attributed to their improved photoactivity. As a proof-of-concept, we investigated the ability of these nanomotors to generate phenol, a valuable chemical feedstock, from benzene under combined optical and magnetic fields. Remarkably, the application of an external magnetic field led to a 100% increase in the photocatalytic phenol generation in comparison with light activation alone. By using various state-of-the-art techniques such as photoelectrochemistry, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, photoluminescence, and electron paramagnetic resonance, we characterized the charge transfer between the semiconductor and the alloy component, revealing that the magnetic field significantly improved charge pair separation and enhanced hydroxyl radical generation. Consequently, our work provides valuable insights into the role of magnetic fields in the mechanisms of light-driven photocatalytic nanomotors for designing more effective light-driven nanodevices for selective oxidations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebeca Ferrer Campos
- Institute
of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Av. Països Catalans, 16, Tarragona E-43007, Spain
- Departament
de Química Física i Inorgànica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Marcel. lí Domingo 1, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Anna C. Bakenecker
- Institute
for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Baldiri I Reixac 4-10, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Yufen Chen
- Institute
of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Av. Països Catalans, 16, Tarragona E-43007, Spain
| | - Maria Chiara Spadaro
- Catalan
Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), UAB Campus, Bellaterra, Barcelona E-08193, Spain
| | - Juan Fraire
- Institute
for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Baldiri I Reixac 4-10, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jordi Arbiol
- Catalan
Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), UAB Campus, Bellaterra, Barcelona E-08193, Spain
- Catalan
Institute for Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA), Passeig Lluís Companys 23, E-08010 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Samuel Sánchez
- Institute
for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Baldiri I Reixac 4-10, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Catalan
Institute for Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA), Passeig Lluís Companys 23, E-08010 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Katherine Villa
- Institute
of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Av. Països Catalans, 16, Tarragona E-43007, Spain
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3
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Wang W, Fu R, Gao R, Luo L, Wang Z, Xue Y, Sun J, Pan M, Hong M, Qiao L, Qiao W, Mei Q, Wu J, Wang Y, Zhong Y, Liu J, Tong F. H 2S-Powered Nanomotors for Active Therapy of Tumors by Inducing Ferroptosis and Lactate-Pyruvate Axis Disorders. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2024; 10:3994-4008. [PMID: 38736179 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.3c01665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
Disruption of the symbiosis of extra/intratumoral metabolism is a good strategy for treating tumors that shuttle resources from the tumor microenvironment. Here, we report a precision treatment strategy for enhancing pyruvic acid and intratumoral acidosis to destroy tumoral metabolic symbiosis to eliminate tumors; this approach is based on PEGylated gold and lactate oxidase-modified aminated dendritic mesoporous silica with lonidamine and ferrous sulfide loading (PEG-Au@DMSNs/FeS/LND@LOX). In the tumor microenvironment, LOX oxidizes lactic acid to produce pyruvate, which represses tumor cell proliferation by inhibiting histone gene expression and induces ferroptosis by partial histone monoubiquitination. In acidic tumor conditions, the nanoparticles release H2S gas and Fe2+ ions, which can inhibit catalase activity to promote the Fenton reaction of Fe2+, resulting in massive ·OH production and ferroptosis via Fe3+. More interestingly, the combination of H2S and LND (a monocarboxylic acid transporter inhibitor) can cause intracellular acidosis by lactate, and protons overaccumulate in cells. Multiple intracellular acidosis is caused by lactate-pyruvate axis disorders. Moreover, H2S provides motive power to intensify the shuttling of nanoparticles in the tumor region. The findings confirm that this nanomedicine system can enable precise antitumor effects by disrupting extra/intratumoral metabolic symbiosis and inducing ferroptosis and represents a promising active drug delivery system candidate for tumor treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weixin Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, 264003, PR China
| | - Renquan Fu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Biological Resources of Ministry of Education and One Health Institute, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Rui Gao
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, 264003, PR China
| | - Lei Luo
- Institute of Molecular Medicine (IMM), Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Zhongchao Wang
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, PR China
| | - Yingli Xue
- Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, 710000, PR China
| | - Jiahui Sun
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, 264003, PR China
| | - Min Pan
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, 264003, PR China
| | - Miaofang Hong
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, 264003, PR China
| | - Lingyan Qiao
- Clinical Medical College, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, 264003, PR China
| | - Weiwei Qiao
- Clinical Medical College, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, 264003, PR China
| | - Qibing Mei
- Education Ministry Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Sichuan Key Medical Laboratory of New Drug Discovery and Druggability Evaluation, Luzhou; Key Laboratory of Activity Screening and Druggability Evaluation for Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China
| | - Jianming Wu
- Education Ministry Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Sichuan Key Medical Laboratory of New Drug Discovery and Druggability Evaluation, Luzhou; Key Laboratory of Activity Screening and Druggability Evaluation for Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China
| | - Yini Wang
- Clinical Medical College, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, 264003, PR China
| | - Yali Zhong
- Southwest University of Science and Technology, 621000 Mianyang, China
| | - Jin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Biological Resources of Ministry of Education and One Health Institute, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Fei Tong
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, 264003, PR China
- Education Ministry Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Sichuan Key Medical Laboratory of New Drug Discovery and Druggability Evaluation, Luzhou; Key Laboratory of Activity Screening and Druggability Evaluation for Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China
- School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 310000 Hangzhou, China
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4
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Shukla AK, Bhandari S, Mitra S, Kim B, Dey KK. Buoyancy-Driven Micro/-Nanomotors: From Fundamentals to Applications. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2308580. [PMID: 38225699 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202308580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 12/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
The progression of self-powered micro/-nanomotors (MNMs) has rapidly evolved over the past few decades, showing applications in various fields such as nanotechnology, biomedical engineering, microfluidics, environmental science, and energy harvesting. Miniaturized MNMs transduce chemical/biochemical energies into mechanical motion for navigating through complex fluidic environments with directional control via external forces fields such as magnetic, photonic, and electric stimuli. Among various propulsion mechanisms, buoyancy-driven MNMs have received noteworthy recognition due to their simplicity, efficiency, and versatility. Buoyancy force-driven motors harness the principles of density variation-mediated force to overcome fluidic resistance to navigate through complex environments. Restricting the propulsion in one direction helps to control directional movement, making it more efficient in isotropic solutions. The changes in pH, ionic strength, chemical concentration, solute gradients, or the presence of specific molecules can influence the motion of buoyancy-driven MNMs as evidenced by earlier reports. This review aims to provide a fundamental and detailed analysis of the current state-of-the-art in buoyancy-driven MNMs, aiming to inspire further research and innovation in this promising field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashish Kumar Shukla
- Laboratory of Soft and Living Materials, Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology, Palaj, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, 382055, India
- School of Mechatronics Engineering, Korea University of Technology and Education, Cheonan, Chungnam, 31253, Republic of Korea
| | - Satyapriya Bhandari
- Department of Chemistry, Kandi Raj College, University of Kalyani, Murshidabad, Kandi, West Bengal, 742137, India
| | - Shirsendu Mitra
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pandit Deendayal Energy University, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, 382007, India
| | - Byungki Kim
- School of Mechatronics Engineering, Korea University of Technology and Education, Cheonan, Chungnam, 31253, Republic of Korea
- Future Convergence Engineering, Korea University of Technology and Education, Cheonan, Chungnam, 31253, Republic of Korea
| | - Krishna Kanti Dey
- Laboratory of Soft and Living Materials, Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology, Palaj, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, 382055, India
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McDonald MN, Tree DR, Peterson CK. Chemical herding as a multiplicative factor for top-down manipulation of colloids. Phys Rev E 2024; 109:064609. [PMID: 39020876 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.109.064609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
Colloidal particles can create reconfigurable nanomaterials, with applications such as color-changing, self-repairing, and self-regulating materials and reconfigurable drug delivery systems. However, top-down methods for manipulating colloids are limited in the scale they can control. We consider here a new method for using chemical reactions to multiply the effects of existing top-down colloidal manipulation methods to arrange large numbers of colloids with single-particle precision, which we refer to as chemical herding. Using simulation-based methods, we show that if a set of chemically active colloids (herders) can be steered using external forces (i.e., electrophoretic, dielectrophoretic, magnetic, or optical forces), then a larger set of colloids (followers) that move in response to the chemical gradients produced by the herders can be steered using the control algorithms given in this paper. We also derive bounds that predict the maximum number of particles that can be steered in this way, and we illustrate the effectiveness of this approach using Brownian dynamics simulations. Based on the theoretical results and simulations, we conclude that chemical herding is a viable method for multiplying the effects of existing colloidal manipulation methods to create useful structures and materials.
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Wang L, Sheng M, Chen L, Yang F, Li C, Li H, Nie P, Lv X, Guo Z, Cao J, Wang X, Li L, Hu AL, Guan D, Du J, Cui H, Zheng X. Sub-Nanogram Resolution Measurement of Inertial Mass and Density Using Magnetic-Field-Guided Bubble Microthruster. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024:e2403867. [PMID: 38773950 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202403867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2024] [Revised: 05/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/24/2024]
Abstract
Artificial micro/nanomotors using active particles hold vast potential in applications such as drug delivery and microfabrication. However, upgrading them to micro/nanorobots capable of performing precise tasks with sophisticated functions remains challenging. Bubble microthruster (BMT) is introduced, a variation of the bubble-driven microrobot, which focuses the energy from a collapsing microbubble to create an inertial impact on nearby target microparticles. Utilizing ultra-high-speed imaging, the microparticle mass and density is determined with sub-nanogram resolution based on the relaxation time characterizing the microparticle's transient response. Master curves of the BMT method are shown to be dependent on the viscosity of the solution. The BMT, controlled by a gamepad with magnetic-field guidance, precisely manipulates target microparticles, including bioparticles. Validation involves measuring the polystyrene microparticle mass and hollow glass microsphere density, and assessing the mouse embryo mass densities. The BMT technique presents a promising chip-free, real-time, highly maneuverable strategy that integrates bubble microrobot-based manipulation with precise bioparticle mass and density detection, which can facilitate microscale bioparticle characterizations such as embryo growth monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leilei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Nonlinear Mechanics, Beijing Key Laboratory of Engineered Construction and Mechanobiology, Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Minjia Sheng
- School of Building Services Science and Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, 710055, China
| | - Li Chen
- School of Building Services Science and Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, 710055, China
| | - Fengchang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Nonlinear Mechanics, Beijing Key Laboratory of Engineered Construction and Mechanobiology, Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Chenlu Li
- School of Building Services Science and Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, 710055, China
| | - Hangyu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Nonlinear Mechanics, Beijing Key Laboratory of Engineered Construction and Mechanobiology, Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- School of Engineering Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Pengcheng Nie
- State Key Laboratory of Nonlinear Mechanics, Beijing Key Laboratory of Engineered Construction and Mechanobiology, Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- School of Engineering Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xinxin Lv
- Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Zheng Guo
- Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Jialing Cao
- Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Xiaohuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Nonlinear Mechanics, Beijing Key Laboratory of Engineered Construction and Mechanobiology, Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Long Li
- State Key Laboratory of Nonlinear Mechanics, Beijing Key Laboratory of Engineered Construction and Mechanobiology, Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Anthony L Hu
- The High School Affiliated to Renmin University of China, Beijing, 100080, China
| | - Dongshi Guan
- State Key Laboratory of Nonlinear Mechanics, Beijing Key Laboratory of Engineered Construction and Mechanobiology, Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- School of Engineering Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Jing Du
- Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Haihang Cui
- School of Building Services Science and Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, 710055, China
| | - Xu Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Nonlinear Mechanics, Beijing Key Laboratory of Engineered Construction and Mechanobiology, Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
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7
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Hauser AW, Zhou Q, Chaikin PM, Sacanna S. Light-Triggered Inflation of Microdroplets. CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS : A PUBLICATION OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY 2024; 36:3970-3975. [PMID: 38681086 PMCID: PMC11044266 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemmater.4c00732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Revised: 03/31/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
Driven systems composed largely of droplets and fuel make up a significant portion of microbiological function. At the micrometer scale, fully synthetic systems that perform an array of tasks within a uniform bulk are much more rare. In this work, we introduce an innovative design for solid-in-oil composite microdroplets. These microdroplets are engineered to nucleate an internal phase, undergo inflation, and eventually burst, all powered by a steady and uniform energy input. We show that by altering the background input, volumetric change and burst time can be tuned. When the inflated droplets release the inner contents, colloidal particles are shown to transiently attract to the release point. Lastly, we show that the system has the ability to perform multiple inflation-burst cycles. We anticipate that our conceptual design of internally powered microdroplets will catalyze further research into autonomous systems capable of intricate communication as well as inspire the development of advanced, responsive materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam W. Hauser
- Department
of Chemistry, New York University, 29 Washington Place, New York, New York 10003, United States
- Center
for Soft Matter Research, Department of Physics, New York University, 726 Broadway Avenue, New York, New York 10003, United States
| | - Qintian Zhou
- Department
of Chemistry, New York University, 29 Washington Place, New York, New York 10003, United States
| | - Paul M. Chaikin
- Center
for Soft Matter Research, Department of Physics, New York University, 726 Broadway Avenue, New York, New York 10003, United States
| | - Stefano Sacanna
- Department
of Chemistry, New York University, 29 Washington Place, New York, New York 10003, United States
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8
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Zhang D, Chen Y, Hao M, Xia Y. Putting Hybrid Nanomaterials to Work for Biomedical Applications. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202319567. [PMID: 38429227 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202319567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
Hybrid nanomaterials have found use in many biomedical applications. This article provides a comprehensive review of the principles, techniques, and recent advancements in the design and fabrication of hybrid nanomaterials for biomedicine. We begin with an introduction to the general concept of material hybridization, followed by a discussion of how this approach leads to materials with additional functionality and enhanced performance. We then highlight hybrid nanomaterials in the forms of nanostructures, nanocomposites, metal-organic frameworks, and biohybrids, including their fabrication methods. We also showcase the use of hybrid nanomaterials to advance biomedical engineering in the context of nanomedicine, regenerative medicine, diagnostics, theranostics, and biomanufacturing. Finally, we offer perspectives on challenges and opportunities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Zhang
- The Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - Yidan Chen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - Min Hao
- The Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - Younan Xia
- The Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
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9
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Singh K, Raman H, Tripathi S, Sharma H, Choudhary A, Mangal R. Pair Interactions of Self-Propelled SiO 2-Pt Janus Colloids: Chemically Mediated Encounters. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2024; 40:7328-7343. [PMID: 38526954 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.3c03415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Abstract
Driven by the necessity to achieve a thorough comprehension of the bottom-up fabrication process of functional materials, this experimental study investigates the pairwise interactions or collisions between chemically active SiO2-Pt Janus colloids. These collisions are categorized based on the Janus colloids' orientations before and after they make physical contact. In addition to the hydrodynamic interactions, the Janus colloids are also known to affect each other's chemical field, resulting in chemophoretic interactions, which depend on the degree of surface anisotropy in reactivity of Janus colloid and the solute-surface interaction at play. Our study reveals that these interactions lead to a noticeable decrease in particle speed and changes in orientation that correlate with the contact duration and yield different collision types. Distinct configurations of contact during collisions were found, whose mechanisms and likelihood are found to be dependent primarily on the chemical interactions. Such estimates of collision and their characterization in dilute suspensions shall have a key impact in determining the arrangement and time scales of dynamical structures and assemblies of denser suspensions and potentially the functional materials of the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karnika Singh
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur 208016, India
| | - Harishwar Raman
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur 208016, India
| | - Shwetabh Tripathi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur 208016, India
| | - Hrithik Sharma
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur 208016, India
| | - Akash Choudhary
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur 208016, India
| | - Rahul Mangal
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur 208016, India
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10
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McGovern AD, Huang MJ, Wang J, Kapral R, Aranson IS. Multifunctional Chiral Chemically-Powered Micropropellers for Cargo Transport and Manipulation. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2304773. [PMID: 37936335 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202304773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023]
Abstract
Practical applications of synthetic self-propelled nano and microparticles for microrobotics, targeted drug delivery, and manipulation at the nanoscale are rapidly expanding. However, fabrication limitations often hinder progress, resulting in relatively simple shapes and limited functionality. Here, taking advantage of 3D nanoscale printing, chiral micropropellers powered by the hydrogen peroxide reduction reaction are fabricated. Due to their chirality, the propellers exhibit multifunctional behavior controlled by an applied magnetic field: spinning in place (loitering), directed migration in the prescribed direction, capture, and transport of polymer cargo particles. Design parameters of the propellers are optimized by computation modeling based on mesoscale molecular dynamics. It is predicted by computer simulations, and confirmed experimentally, that clockwise rotating propellers attract each other and counterclockwise repel. These results shed light on how chirality and shape optimization enhance the functionality of synthetic autonomous micromachines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashlee D McGovern
- Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Mu-Jie Huang
- Chemical Physics Theory Group, Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Jiyuan Wang
- School of Electrical and Control Engineering, Heilongjiang University of Science and Technology, Harbin, 150022, P. R. China
| | - Raymond Kapral
- Chemical Physics Theory Group, Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Igor S Aranson
- Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
- Department of Mathematics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
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11
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Shrestha A, Olvera de la Cruz M. Enhanced phoretic self-propulsion of active colloids through surface charge asymmetry. Phys Rev E 2024; 109:014613. [PMID: 38366412 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.109.014613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
Charged colloidal particles propel themselves through asymmetric fluxes of chemically generated ions on their surface. We show that asymmetry in the surface charge distribution provides an additional mode of self-propulsion at the nanoscale for chemically active particles that produce ionic species. Particles of sizes smaller than or comparable to the Debye length achieve directed self-propulsion through surface charge asymmetry even when ionic flux is uniform over its surface. Janus nanoparticles endowed with both surface charge and ionic flux asymmetries result in enhanced propulsion speeds of the order of μm/s or higher. Our work suggests an alternative avenue for specifying surface properties that optimize self-propulsion in ionic media.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahis Shrestha
- Center for Computation and Theory of Soft Materials, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA
| | - Monica Olvera de la Cruz
- Center for Computation and Theory of Soft Materials, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA
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12
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Park J, Kim Y, Jeong J, Jang D, Kim D, Chung S. Acoustic Bubble and Magnetic Actuation-Based Microrobot for Enhanced Multiphase Drug Delivery Efficiency. MICROMACHINES 2023; 14:2169. [PMID: 38138340 PMCID: PMC10745532 DOI: 10.3390/mi14122169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
This paper proposes an acoustic bubble and magnetic actuation-based microrobot for enhancing multiphase drug delivery efficiency. The proposed device can encapsulate multiphase drugs, including liquids, using the two bubbles embedded within the microtube. Additionally, using the magnetic actuation of the loaded magnetic liquid metal, it can deliver drugs to target cells. This study visualized the flow patterns generated by the oscillating bubble within the tube to validate the drug release principle. In addition, to investigate the effect of the oscillation properties of the inner bubble on drug release, the oscillation amplitude of the inner bubble was measured under various experimental variables using a high-speed camera. Subsequently, we designed a microrobot capable of encapsulating bubbles, drugs, and magnetic liquid metal and fabricated it using microfabrication technology based on ultra-precision 3D printing. As a proof of concept, we demonstrated the transport and drug release of the microrobot encapsulating the drug in a Y-shaped channel simulating a blood vessel. The proposed device is anticipated to enhance the efficiency of drug therapy by minimizing drug side effects, reducing drug administration frequency, and improving the stability of the drug within the body. This paper is expected to be applicable not only to targeted drug delivery but also to various biomedical fields, such as minimally invasive surgery and cell manipulation, by effectively delivering multiphase drugs using the simple structure of a microrobot.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihyeok Park
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Myongji University, Yongin 17058, Republic of Korea; (J.P.); (Y.K.)
| | - Youngkwang Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Myongji University, Yongin 17058, Republic of Korea; (J.P.); (Y.K.)
| | - Jinwon Jeong
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Baylor University, Waco, TX 76706, USA;
| | - Deasung Jang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada;
| | - Daegeun Kim
- Microsystems, Inc., Yongin 17058, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangkug Chung
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Myongji University, Yongin 17058, Republic of Korea; (J.P.); (Y.K.)
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13
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Wan J, Zhang Q, Liang J, Bustillo KC, Al Balushi ZY, Asta M, Zheng H. Visualizing Facets Asymmetry Induced Directional Movement of Cadmium Chloride Nanomotor. NANO LETTERS 2023; 23:10132-10139. [PMID: 37909501 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c02291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
Nanomotors in solution have many potential applications. However, it has been a significant challenge to realize the directional motion of nanomotors. Here, we report cadmium chloride tetrahydrate (CdCl2·4H2O) nanomotors with remarkable directional movement under electron beam irradiation. Using in situ liquid phase transmission electron microscopy, we show that the CdCl2·4H2O nanoparticle with asymmetric surface facets moves through the liquid with the flat end in the direction of motion. As the nanomotor morphology changes, the speed of movement also changes. Finite element simulation of the electric field and fluid velocity distribution around the nanomotor assists the understanding of ionic self-diffusiophoresis as a driving force for the nanomotor movement; the nanomotor generates its own local ion concentration gradient due to different chemical reactivities on different facets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawei Wan
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Qiubo Zhang
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Jiayun Liang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Karen C Bustillo
- National Center for Electron Microscopy, Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Zakaria Y Al Balushi
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Mark Asta
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Haimei Zheng
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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14
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Debata S, Panda SK, Trivedi S, Uspal W, Singh DP. pH-Responsive swimming behavior of light-powered rod-shaped micromotors. NANOSCALE 2023; 15:17534-17543. [PMID: 37870073 DOI: 10.1039/d3nr03775d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
Micromotors have emerged as promising devices for a wide range of applications e.g., microfluidics, lab-on-a-chip devices, active matter, environmental monitoring, etc. The control over the activity of micromotors with the ability to exhibit multimode swimming is one of the most desirable features for many of the applications. Here, we demonstrate a rod-shaped light-driven micromotor whose activity and swimming behavior can easily be controlled. The rod-shaped micromotors are fabricated through the dynamic shadowing growth (DSG) technique, where a 2 μm long arm of titanium dioxide (TiO2) is grown over spherical silica (SiO2) particles (1 μm diameter). Under low-intensity UV light exposure, the micromotors exhibit self-propulsion in an aqueous peroxide medium. When activated, the swimming behavior of micromotors greatly depends on the pH of the medium. The swimming direction, i.e., forward or backward movement, as well as swimming modes like translational or rotational motion, can be controlled by changing the pH values. The observed dynamics has been rationalized using a theoretical model incorporating chemical activity, hydrodynamic flow, and the effect of gravity for a rod-shaped active particle near a planar wall. The pH-dependent translational and rotational dynamics of micromotors provide a versatile platform for achieving controlled and responsive behaviors. Continued research and development in this area hold great promise for advancing micromotors and enabling novel applications in microfluidics, micromachining, environmental sciences, and biomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srikanta Debata
- Department of Physics, IIT Bhilai, Kutelabhata, Durg, Chhattisgarh, 491001, India.
| | - Suvendu Kumar Panda
- Department of Physics, IIT Bhilai, Kutelabhata, Durg, Chhattisgarh, 491001, India.
| | - Satyaprakash Trivedi
- Department of Physics, IIT Bhilai, Kutelabhata, Durg, Chhattisgarh, 491001, India.
| | - William Uspal
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, 2540 Dole Street, Holmes Hall 302, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA.
| | - Dhruv Pratap Singh
- Department of Physics, IIT Bhilai, Kutelabhata, Durg, Chhattisgarh, 491001, India.
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15
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Mallick S, Abouomar R, Rivas D, Sokolich M, Kirmizitas FC, Dutta A, Das S. Doxorubicin-Loaded Microrobots for Targeted Drug Delivery and Anticancer Therapy. Adv Healthc Mater 2023; 12:e2300939. [PMID: 37378647 PMCID: PMC10753031 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202300939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
Micro-sized magnetic particles (also known as microrobots [MRs]) have recently been shown to have potential applications for numerous biomedical applications like drug delivery, microengineering, and single cell manipulation. Interdisciplinary studies have demonstrated the ability of these tiny particles to actuate under the action of a controlled magnetic field that not only drive MRs in a desired trajectory but also precisely deliver therapeutic payload to the target site. Additionally, optimal concentrations of therapeutic molecules can also be delivered to the desired site which is cost-effective and safe especially in scenarios where drug dose-related side effects are a concern. In this study, MRs are used to deliver anticancer drugs (doxorubicin) to cancer cells and subsequent cell death is evaluated in different cell lines (liver, prostate, and ovarian cancer cells). Cytocompatibility studies show that MRs are well-tolerated and internalized by cancer cells. Doxorubicin (DOX) is chemically conjugated with MRs (DOX-MRs) and magnetically steered toward cancer cells using the magnetic controller. Time-lapsed video shows that cells shrink and eventually die when MRs are internalized by cells. Taken together, this study confirms that microrobots are promising couriers for targeted delivery of therapeutic biomolecules for cancer therapy and other non-invasive procedures that require precise control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudipta Mallick
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Delaware
| | | | - David Rivas
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Delaware
| | - Max Sokolich
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Delaware
| | - Fatma Ceren Kirmizitas
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Delaware
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, University of Delaware
| | - Aditya Dutta
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, University of Delaware
| | - Sambeeta Das
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Delaware
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16
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Youzi M, Kianezhad M, Vaezi M, Nejat Pishkenari H. Motion of nanovehicles on pristine and vacancy-defected silicene: implications for controlled surface motion. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023; 25:28895-28910. [PMID: 37855185 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp02835f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the motion of surface-rolling nanomachines has attracted lots of attention in recent studies, due to their ability in carrying molecular payloads and nanomaterials on the surface. Controlling the surface motion of these nanovehicles is beneficial in the fabrication of nano-transportation systems. In the present study, molecular dynamics (MD) simulations alongside the potential energy analysis have been utilized to investigate the motion of C60 and C60-based nanovehicles on the silicene monolayer. Nano-machine simulations are performed using molecular mechanic forcefield. Compared with graphene and hexagonal boron-nitride, the molecules experience a higher energy barrier on the silicene, which leads to a lower diffusion coefficient and higher activation energy of C60 and nanomachines. Overcoming the maximum energy barrier against sliding motion is more probable at higher temperatures where the nanomachines receive higher thermal energy. After evaluating the motion of molecules around local vacancies, we introduce a nanoroad structure that can restrict surface motion. The motion of C60 and nanovehicles over the surface is limited to the width of nanorods up to a certain temperature. To increase the controllability of the motion, a thermal gradient has been applied to the surface and the molecules move toward the lower temperature regions, where they find lower energy levels. Comparing the results of this study with other investigations regarding the surface motion of molecules on boron-nitride and graphene surfaces brings forth the idea of controlling the motion by silicene-based hybrid substrates, which can be further investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehrdad Youzi
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California Irvine, Irvine, USA
| | - Mohammad Kianezhad
- Department of Structural Engineering, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0085, USA
| | - Mehran Vaezi
- Institute for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (INST), Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
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17
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Shivalkar S, Roy A, Chaudhary S, Samanta SK, Chowdhary P, Sahoo AK. Strategies in design of self-propelling hybrid micro/nanobots for bioengineering applications. Biomed Mater 2023; 18:062003. [PMID: 37703889 DOI: 10.1088/1748-605x/acf975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
Micro/nanobots are integrated devices developed from engineered nanomaterials that have evolved significantly over the past decades. They can potentially be pre-programmed to operate robustly at numerous hard-to-reach organ/tissues/cellular sites for multiple bioengineering applications such as early disease diagnosis, precision surgeries, targeted drug delivery, cancer therapeutics, bio-imaging, biomolecules isolation, detoxification, bio-sensing, and clearing up clogged arteries with high soaring effectiveness and minimal exhaustion of power. Several techniques have been introduced in recent years to develop programmable, biocompatible, and energy-efficient micro/nanobots. Therefore, the primary focus of most of these techniques is to develop hybrid micro/nanobots that are an optimized combination of purely synthetic or biodegradable bots suitable for the execution of user-defined tasks more precisely and efficiently. Recent progress has been illustrated here as an overview of a few of the achievable construction principles to be used to make biomedical micro/nanobots and explores the pivotal ventures of nanotechnology-moderated development of catalytic autonomous bots. Furthermore, it is also foregrounding their advancement offering an insight into the recent trends and subsequent prospects, opportunities, and challenges involved in the accomplishments of the effective multifarious bioengineering applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saurabh Shivalkar
- Department of Applied Sciences, Indian Institute of Information Technology, Allahabad, UP, India
| | - Anwesha Roy
- Department of Biotechnology, Heritage Institute of Technology, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Shrutika Chaudhary
- Department of Biotechnology, Delhi Technological University, Delhi, India
| | - Sintu Kumar Samanta
- Department of Applied Sciences, Indian Institute of Information Technology, Allahabad, UP, India
| | - Pallabi Chowdhary
- Department of Biotechnology, M.S. Ramaiah University of Applied Sciences, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Amaresh Kumar Sahoo
- Department of Applied Sciences, Indian Institute of Information Technology, Allahabad, UP, India
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18
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Chen S, Tan Z, Liao P, Li Y, Qu Y, Zhang Q, Yang M, Chan KWY, Zhang L, Man K, Chen Z, Sun D. Biodegradable Microrobots for DNA Vaccine Delivery. Adv Healthc Mater 2023; 12:e2202921. [PMID: 37156574 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202202921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
The delivery of nucleic acid vaccine to stimulate host immune responses against Coronavirus disease 2019 shows promise. However, nucleic acid vaccines have drawbacks, including rapid clearance and poor cellular uptake, that limit their therapeutic potential. Microrobots can be engineered to sustain vaccine release and further control the interactions with immune cells that are vital for robust vaccination. Here, the 3D fabrication of biocompatible and biodegradable microrobots via the two-photon polymerization of gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA) and their proof-of-concept application for DNA vaccine delivery is reported. Programmed degradation and drug release by varying the local exposure dose in 3D laser lithography and further functionalized the GelMA microspheres with polyethyleneimine for DNA vaccine delivery to dendritic cell and primary cells is demonstrated. In mice, the DNA vaccine delivered by functionalized microspheres elicited fast, enhanced, and durable antigen expression, which may lead to prolonged protection. Furthermore, we demonstrate the maneuverability of microrobots by fabricating GelMA microspheres on magnetic skeletons. In conclusion, GelMA microrobots may provide an efficient vaccination strategy by controlling the expression duration of DNA vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuxun Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, China
| | - Zhiwu Tan
- AIDS Institute and Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, China
| | - Pan Liao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, China
| | - Yanfang Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, China
| | - Yun Qu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, China
| | - Mingxuan Yang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, China
| | - Kannie Wai Yan Chan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Mechanical and Automation Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, China
| | - Kwan Man
- Department of Surgery, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, China
| | - Zhiwei Chen
- AIDS Institute and Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, China
- State Key Laboratory for Emerging Infectious Diseases, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, China
| | - Dong Sun
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, China
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19
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Yang Y, Cheng N, Luo Q, Shao N, Ma X, Chen J, Luo L, Xiao Z. How Nanotherapeutic Platforms Play a Key Role in Glioma? A Comprehensive Review of Literature. Int J Nanomedicine 2023; 18:3663-3694. [PMID: 37427368 PMCID: PMC10327925 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s414736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM), a highly aggressive form of brain cancer, is considered one of the deadliest cancers, and even with the most advanced medical treatments, most affected patients have a poor prognosis. However, recent advances in nanotechnology offer promising avenues for the development of versatile therapeutic and diagnostic nanoplatforms that can deliver drugs to brain tumor sites through the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Despite these breakthroughs, the use of nanoplatforms in GBM therapy has been a subject of great controversy due to concerns over the biosafety of these nanoplatforms. In recent years, biomimetic nanoplatforms have gained unprecedented attention in the biomedical field. With advantages such as extended circulation times, and improved immune evasion and active targeting compared to conventional nanosystems, bionanoparticles have shown great potential for use in biomedical applications. In this prospective article, we endeavor to comprehensively review the application of bionanomaterials in the treatment of glioma, focusing on the rational design of multifunctional nanoplatforms to facilitate BBB infiltration, promote efficient accumulation in the tumor, enable precise tumor imaging, and achieve remarkable tumor suppression. Furthermore, we discuss the challenges and future trends in this field. Through careful design and optimization of nanoplatforms, researchers are paving the way toward safer and more effective therapies for GBM patients. The development of biomimetic nanoplatform applications for glioma therapy is a promising avenue for precision medicine, which could ultimately improve patient outcomes and quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongqing Yang
- The Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Molecular and Functional Imaging for Clinical Translation, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, People’s Republic of China
| | - Nianlan Cheng
- The Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Molecular and Functional Imaging for Clinical Translation, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qiao Luo
- The Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Molecular and Functional Imaging for Clinical Translation, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ni Shao
- The Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Molecular and Functional Imaging for Clinical Translation, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaocong Ma
- The Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Molecular and Functional Imaging for Clinical Translation, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jifeng Chen
- The Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Molecular and Functional Imaging for Clinical Translation, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, People’s Republic of China
| | - Liangping Luo
- The Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Molecular and Functional Imaging for Clinical Translation, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zeyu Xiao
- The Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Molecular and Functional Imaging for Clinical Translation, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, People’s Republic of China
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20
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Zhang C, Ma S, Xu L. Velocity and Out-Step Frequencies for a Micro-Swimmer Based on Spiral Carbon Nanotubes. MICROMACHINES 2023; 14:1320. [PMID: 37512631 PMCID: PMC10385420 DOI: 10.3390/mi14071320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Revised: 06/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
The existing producing processes of micro spiral swimmers are complex. Here, a microswimmer with a magnetic layer on the surface of the spiral carbon nanotubes is proposed, which has a simple producing process. For the microswimmer, its equations of the velocities and out-step frequency are deduced. Using these equations, the velocities and out-step frequency of the microswimmer and their changes with related parameters are investigated. Results show that its velocities are proportional to the radius and helix angle of the spiral carbon nanotubes, and its out-step frequencies are proportional to magnetic field strength, the helix angle and magnetic layer thicknesses of the spiral carbon nanotubes, and inversely proportional to the fluid viscosity. The out-step frequency of the microswimmer is measured, which is in good agreement with the calculative ones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ce Zhang
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066000, China
| | - Shiqi Ma
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066000, China
| | - Lizhong Xu
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066000, China
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21
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Fraire JC, Guix M, Hortelao AC, Ruiz-González N, Bakenecker AC, Ramezani P, Hinnekens C, Sauvage F, De Smedt SC, Braeckmans K, Sánchez S. Light-Triggered Mechanical Disruption of Extracellular Barriers by Swarms of Enzyme-Powered Nanomotors for Enhanced Delivery. ACS NANO 2023; 17:7180-7193. [PMID: 37058432 PMCID: PMC10134497 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c09380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Targeted drug delivery depends on the ability of nanocarriers to reach the target site, which requires the penetration of different biological barriers. Penetration is usually low and slow because of passive diffusion and steric hindrance. Nanomotors (NMs) have been suggested as the next generation of nanocarriers in drug delivery due to their autonomous motion and associated mixing hydrodynamics, especially when acting collectively as a swarm. Here, we explore the concept of enzyme-powered NMs designed as such that they can exert disruptive mechanical forces upon laser irradiation. The urease-powered motion and swarm behavior improve translational movement compared to passive diffusion of state-of-the-art nanocarriers, while optically triggered vapor nanobubbles can destroy biological barriers and reduce steric hindrance. We show that these motors, named Swarm 1, collectively displace through a microchannel blocked with type 1 collagen protein fibers (barrier model), accumulate onto the fibers, and disrupt them completely upon laser irradiation. We evaluate the disruption of the microenvironment induced by these NMs (Swarm 1) by quantifying the efficiency by which a second type of fluorescent NMs (Swarm 2) can move through the cleared microchannel and be taken up by HeLa cells at the other side of the channel. Experiments showed that the delivery efficiency of Swarm 2 NMs in a clean path was increased 12-fold in the presence of urea as fuel compared to when no fuel was added. When the path was blocked with the collagen fibers, delivery efficiency dropped considerably and only depicted a 10-fold enhancement after pretreatment of the collagen-filled channel with Swarm 1 NMs and laser irradiation. The synergistic effect of active motion (chemically propelled) and mechanical disruption (light-triggered nanobubbles) of a biological barrier represents a clear advantage for the improvement of therapies which currently fail due to inadequate passage of drug delivery carriers through biological barriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan C. Fraire
- Institute
for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Baldiri i Reixac 10-12, 08028 Barcelona Spain
- Laboratory
for General Biochemistry and Physical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical
Sciences, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Maria Guix
- Institute
for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Baldiri i Reixac 10-12, 08028 Barcelona Spain
- Departament
de Ciéncia dels Materials i Química Física,
Institut de Química Teòrica i Computacional Barcelona, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ana C. Hortelao
- Institute
for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Baldiri i Reixac 10-12, 08028 Barcelona Spain
| | - Noelia Ruiz-González
- Institute
for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Baldiri i Reixac 10-12, 08028 Barcelona Spain
| | - Anna C. Bakenecker
- Institute
for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Baldiri i Reixac 10-12, 08028 Barcelona Spain
| | - Pouria Ramezani
- Laboratory
for General Biochemistry and Physical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical
Sciences, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Charlotte Hinnekens
- Laboratory
for General Biochemistry and Physical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical
Sciences, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Félix Sauvage
- Laboratory
for General Biochemistry and Physical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical
Sciences, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Stefaan C. De Smedt
- Laboratory
for General Biochemistry and Physical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical
Sciences, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Kevin Braeckmans
- Laboratory
for General Biochemistry and Physical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical
Sciences, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Samuel Sánchez
- Institute
for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Baldiri i Reixac 10-12, 08028 Barcelona Spain
- Catalan
Institute for Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA), Passeig de Lluís Companys 23, 08010 Barcelona, Spain
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22
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McDonald MN, Zhu Q, Paxton WF, Peterson CK, Tree DR. Active control of equilibrium, near-equilibrium, and far-from-equilibrium colloidal systems. SOFT MATTER 2023; 19:1675-1694. [PMID: 36790855 DOI: 10.1039/d2sm01447e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The development of top-down active control over bottom-up colloidal assembly processes has the potential to produce materials, surfaces, and objects with applications in a wide range of fields spanning from computing to materials science to biomedical engineering. In this review, we summarize recent progress in the field using a taxonomy based on how active control is used to guide assembly. We find there are three distinct scenarios: (1) navigating kinetic pathways to reach a desirable equilibrium state, (2) the creation of a desirable metastable, kinetically trapped, or kinetically arrested state, and (3) the creation of a desirable far-from-equilibrium state through continuous energy input. We review seminal works within this framework, provide a summary of important application areas, and present a brief introduction to the fundamental concepts of control theory that are necessary for the soft materials community to understand this literature. In addition, we outline current and potential future applications of actively-controlled colloidal systems, and we highlight important open questions and future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark N McDonald
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah, USA.
| | - Qinyu Zhu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah, USA.
| | - Walter F Paxton
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah, USA
| | - Cameron K Peterson
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah, USA
| | - Douglas R Tree
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah, USA.
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23
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Singh AK, Awasthi R, Malviya R. Bioinspired microrobots: Opportunities and challenges in targeted cancer therapy. J Control Release 2023; 354:439-452. [PMID: 36669531 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2023.01.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Revised: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Chemotherapy is still the most effective technique to treat many forms of cancer. However, it also carries a high risk of side effects. Numerous nanomedicines have been developed to avoid unintended consequences and significant negative effects of conventional therapies. Achieving targeted drug delivery also has several challenges. In this context, the development of microrobots is receiving considerable attention of formulation scientists and clinicians to overcome such challenges. Due to their mobility, microrobots can infiltrate tissues and reach tumor sites more quickly. Different types of microrobots, like custom-made moving bacteria, microengines powered by small bubbles, and hybrid spermbots, can be designed with complex features that are best for precise targeting of a wide range of cancers. In this review, we mainly focus on the idea of how microrobots can quickly target cancer cells and discuss specific advantages of microrobots. A brief summary of the microrobots' drug loading and release behavior is provided in this manuscript. This manuscript will assist clinicians and other medical professionals in diagnosing and treating cancer without surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arun Kumar Singh
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medical and Allied Sciences, Galgotias University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Rajendra Awasthi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Health Sciences & Technology, University of Petroleum and Energy Studies (UPES), Energy Acres, P.O. Bidholi, Via-Prem Nagar, Dehradun 248 007, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Rishabha Malviya
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medical and Allied Sciences, Galgotias University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India.
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24
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Darroudi M, Elnaz Nazari S, Karimzadeh M, Asgharzadeh F, Khalili-Tanha N, Asghari SZ, Ranjbari S, Babaei F, Rezayi M, Khazaei M. Two-dimensional-Ti 3C 2 magnetic nanocomposite for targeted cancer chemotherapy. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1097631. [PMID: 36761295 PMCID: PMC9905703 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1097631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Cervical cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related death in women, so novel therapeutic approaches are needed to improve the effectiveness of current therapies or extend their activity. In recent decades, graphene analogs, such as Mxene, an emerging class of two-dimensional (2D) graphene analogs, have been drawing considerable attention based on their intrinsic physicochemical properties and performance as potential candidates for tumor therapy, particularly for therapeutic purposes. Here we explored the targeted drug delivery in cervical cancer in in vivo model. Mxene-based nanocarriers are not able to be precisely controlled in cancer treatment. Method: To solve this problem, the titanium carbide-magnetic core-shell nanocarrier (Ti3C2-Fe3O4@SiO2-FA) is also developed to provide synergetic anticancer with magnetic controlling ability along with pH-responsive drug release. A xenograft model of the cervix was used to investigate the effects of Cisplatin alone, or in combination with Ti3C2@FA and Ti3C2@ Fe3O4@SiO2-FA, on tumor growth following histological staining for evaluation of necrosis. Result and Discussion: A significant tumor-growth suppression effect is shown when the Ti3C2-Fe3O4@SiO2-FA nanocarrier is magnetically controlled Cisplatin drug release. It reveals a synergistic therapeutic efficacy used in conjunction with pharmaceuticals (p < .001). According to the in vivo study, the Ti3C2@FA@Cisplatin nanocomposite exhibits less tumor growth than the drug alone or Ti3C2@FA@Cisplatin via increasing necrosis effect (p < .001). Through this study, Mxene nanosheets are expanded for biomedical applications, not only through the fabrication of biocompatible magnetic Mxene nanocomposite but also through the development of functionalization strategies that enable the magnetic Ti3C2 nanocomposite to load high levels of Cisplatin for cervical cancer treatment (242.5%). Hence, Ti3C2-Fe3O4@SiO2-FA nanocarriers would be promising candidates to improve cancer treatment efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahdieh Darroudi
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Science, Mashhad, Iran,Department of Medical Biotechnology and Nanotechnology, School of Science, Mashhad University of Medical Science, Mashhad, Iran,Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, United states
| | - Seyedeh Elnaz Nazari
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Science, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Maryam Karimzadeh
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Nanotechnology, School of Science, Mashhad University of Medical Science, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Fereshteh Asgharzadeh
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Science, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Nima Khalili-Tanha
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Science, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Seyyedeh Zahra Asghari
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Science, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Sara Ranjbari
- Chemical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Babaei
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Science, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Majid Rezayi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Nanotechnology, School of Science, Mashhad University of Medical Science, Mashhad, Iran,Metabolic Syndrome Research Centre, Mashhad University of Medical Science, Mashhad, Iran,Department of Microbiology and Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran,*Correspondence: Majid Rezayi, ; Majid Khazaei,
| | - Majid Khazaei
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Science, Mashhad, Iran,Metabolic Syndrome Research Centre, Mashhad University of Medical Science, Mashhad, Iran,*Correspondence: Majid Rezayi, ; Majid Khazaei,
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25
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Zhang D, Gorochowski TE, Marucci L, Lee HT, Gil B, Li B, Hauert S, Yeatman E. Advanced medical micro-robotics for early diagnosis and therapeutic interventions. Front Robot AI 2023; 9:1086043. [PMID: 36704240 PMCID: PMC9871318 DOI: 10.3389/frobt.2022.1086043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent technological advances in micro-robotics have demonstrated their immense potential for biomedical applications. Emerging micro-robots have versatile sensing systems, flexible locomotion and dexterous manipulation capabilities that can significantly contribute to the healthcare system. Despite the appreciated and tangible benefits of medical micro-robotics, many challenges still remain. Here, we review the major challenges, current trends and significant achievements for developing versatile and intelligent micro-robotics with a focus on applications in early diagnosis and therapeutic interventions. We also consider some recent emerging micro-robotic technologies that employ synthetic biology to support a new generation of living micro-robots. We expect to inspire future development of micro-robots toward clinical translation by identifying the roadblocks that need to be overcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Zhang
- Department of Engineering Mathematics, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom,Bristol Robotics Laboratory, Bristol, United Kingdom,*Correspondence: Dandan Zhang ,
| | - Thomas E. Gorochowski
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom,BrisEngBio, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Lucia Marucci
- Department of Engineering Mathematics, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom,School of Biological Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom,BrisEngBio, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Hyun-Taek Lee
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Inha University, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Bruno Gil
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Bing Li
- The Institute for Materials Discovery, University College London, London, United Kingdom,Department of Brain Science, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom,Care Research & Technology Centre, UK Dementia Research Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sabine Hauert
- Department of Engineering Mathematics, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom,Bristol Robotics Laboratory, Bristol, United Kingdom,BrisEngBio, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Eric Yeatman
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
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26
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The Future of Nanomedicine. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-16-8984-0_24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
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27
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Pashirova TN, Shaihutdinova ZM, Mironov VF, Masson P. Biomedical Nanosystems for In Vivo Detoxification: From Passive Delivery Systems to Functional Nanodevices and Nanorobots. Acta Naturae 2023; 15:4-12. [PMID: 37153510 PMCID: PMC10154777 DOI: 10.32607/actanaturae.15681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The problem of low efficiency of nanotherapeutic drugs challenges the creation of new alternative biomedical nanosystems known as robotic nanodevices. In addition to encapsulating properties, nanodevices can perform different biomedical functions, such as precision surgery, in vivo detection and imaging, biosensing, targeted delivery, and, more recently, detoxification of endogenous and xenobiotic compounds. Nanodevices for detoxification are aimed at removing toxic molecules from biological tissues, using a chemical- and/or enzyme-containing nanocarrier for the toxicant to diffuse inside the nanobody. This strategy is opposite to drug delivery systems that focus on encapsulating drugs and releasing them under the influence of external factors. The review describes various kinds of nanodevices intended for detoxification that differ by the type of poisoning treatment they provide, as well as the type of materials and toxicants. The final part of the review is devoted to enzyme nanosystems, an emerging area of research that provides fast and effective neutralization of toxins in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- T. N. Pashirova
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS, Kazan, 420088 Russian Federation
| | - Z. M. Shaihutdinova
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS, Kazan, 420088 Russian Federation
- Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University, Kazan, 420008 Russian Federation
| | - V. F. Mironov
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS, Kazan, 420088 Russian Federation
| | - P. Masson
- Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University, Kazan, 420008 Russian Federation
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28
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Tripathi AK, Tlusty T. Gauging Nanoswimmer Dynamics via the Motion of Large Bodies. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2022; 129:254502. [PMID: 36608228 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.129.254502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Nanoswimmers are ubiquitous in biotechnology and nanotechnology but are extremely challenging to measure due to their minute size and driving forces. A simple method is proposed for detecting the elusive physical features of nanoswimmers by observing how they affect the motion of much larger, easily traceable particles. Modeling the swimmers as hydrodynamic force dipoles, we find direct, easy-to-calibrate relations between the observable power spectrum and diffusivity of the tracers and the dynamic characteristics of the swimmers-their force dipole moment and correlation times.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashwani Kr Tripathi
- Center for Soft and Living Matter, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Tsvi Tlusty
- Center for Soft and Living Matter, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
- Department of Physics, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemistry, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
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29
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Liu T, Xie L, Price CAH, Liu J, He Q, Kong B. Controlled propulsion of micro/nanomotors: operational mechanisms, motion manipulation and potential biomedical applications. Chem Soc Rev 2022; 51:10083-10119. [PMID: 36416191 DOI: 10.1039/d2cs00432a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Inspired by natural mobile microorganisms, researchers have developed micro/nanomotors (MNMs) that can autonomously move by transducing different kinds of energies into kinetic energy. The rapid development of MNMs has created tremendous opportunities for biomedical fields including diagnostics, therapeutics, and theranostics. Although the great progress has been made in MNM research, at a fundamental level, the accepted propulsion mechanisms are still a controversial matter. In practical applications such as precision nanomedicine, the precise control of the motion, including the speed and directionality, of MNMs is also important, which makes advanced motion manipulation desirable. Very recently, diverse MNMs with different propulsion strategies, morphologies, sizes, porosities and chemical structures have been fabricated and applied for various uses. Herein, we thoroughly summarize the physical principles behind propulsion strategies, as well as the recent advances in motion manipulation methods and relevant biomedical applications of these MNMs. The current challenges in MNM research are also discussed. We hope this review can provide a bird's eye overview of the MNM research and inspire researchers to create novel and more powerful MNMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianyi Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Key Lab of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China. .,DICP-Surrey Joint Centre for Future Materials, Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey GU2 7XH, UK.
| | - Lei Xie
- Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Key Lab of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China.
| | - Cameron-Alexander Hurd Price
- DICP-Surrey Joint Centre for Future Materials, Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey GU2 7XH, UK.
| | - Jian Liu
- DICP-Surrey Joint Centre for Future Materials, Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey GU2 7XH, UK. .,State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, Liaoning, China.,College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, 010021, PR China
| | - Qiang He
- Key Laboratory of Microsystems and Microstructures Manufacturing (Ministry of Education), Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China.
| | - Biao Kong
- Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Key Lab of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China. .,Yiwu Research Institute of Fudan University, Yiwu, Zhejiang 322000, China
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30
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Reynolds MF, Cortese AJ, Liu Q, Zheng Z, Wang W, Norris SL, Lee S, Miskin MZ, Molnar AC, Cohen I, McEuen PL. Microscopic robots with onboard digital control. Sci Robot 2022; 7:eabq2296. [PMID: 36129993 DOI: 10.1126/scirobotics.abq2296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Autonomous robots-systems where mechanical actuators are guided through a series of states by information processing units to perform a predesigned function-are expected to revolutionize everything from health care to transportation. Microscopic robots are poised for a similar revolution in fields from medicine to environmental remediation. A key hurdle to developing these microscopic robots is the integration of information systems, particularly electronics fabricated at commercial foundries, with microactuators. Here, we develop such an integration process and build microscopic robots controlled by onboard complementary metal oxide semiconductor electronics. The resulting autonomous, untethered robots are 100 to 250 micrometers in size, are powered by light, and walk at speeds greater than 10 micrometers per second. In addition, we demonstrate a microscopic robot that can respond to an optical command. This work paves the way for ubiquitous autonomous microscopic robots that perform complex functions, respond to their environments, and communicate with the outside world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael F Reynolds
- Laboratory of Atomic and Solid-State Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Alejandro J Cortese
- Laboratory of Atomic and Solid-State Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA.,Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Qingkun Liu
- Laboratory of Atomic and Solid-State Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Zhangqi Zheng
- Laboratory of Atomic and Solid-State Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Wei Wang
- Laboratory of Atomic and Solid-State Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA.,Sibley School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Samantha L Norris
- Laboratory of Atomic and Solid-State Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Sunwoo Lee
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Marc Z Miskin
- Department of Electrical and Systems Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Alyosha C Molnar
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA.,Kavli Institute at Cornell for Nanoscale Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Itai Cohen
- Laboratory of Atomic and Solid-State Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA.,Kavli Institute at Cornell for Nanoscale Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Paul L McEuen
- Laboratory of Atomic and Solid-State Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA.,Kavli Institute at Cornell for Nanoscale Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
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31
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Debata S, Kherani NA, Panda SK, Singh DP. Light-driven microrobots: capture and transport of bacteria and microparticles in a fluid medium. J Mater Chem B 2022; 10:8235-8243. [PMID: 36129102 DOI: 10.1039/d2tb01367c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The design of simple microrobotic systems with capabilities to address various applications like cargo transportation, as well as biological sample capture and manipulation in an individual unit, provides a novel route for designing advanced multifunctional microscale systems. Here, we demonstrate a facile approach to fabricate such multifunctional and fully controlled light-driven microrobots. The microrobots are titanium dioxide-silica Janus particles that are propelled in aqueous hydroquinone/benzoquinone fuel when illuminated by low-intensity UV light. The application of light provides control over the speed as well as activity of the microrobots. When modified with additional thin film coatings of nickel and gold, the microrobots exhibit the capturing and transportation of silica microparticles and E. coli bacteria. While transporting, they also show guided swimming under an external uniform magnetic field, which is interesting for deciding their moving path or the start/end positions. The fluorescent dye-based live/dead tests confirm that in the microrobot system almost no bacteria were harmed during the capturing or transportation. The simplistic design and steerable swimming with the ability to capture and transport are the important features of the microrobots. These features make them an ideal candidate for in vitro or lab-on-a-chip based studies, e.g., drug delivery, bacterial sensing, cell treatment, etc., where the capturing and transport of microscopic entities play a crucial role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srikanta Debata
- Department of Physics, IIT Bhilai, GEC Campus, Sejbahar, Raipur, Chattisgarh, 492015, India.
| | - Nomaan Alam Kherani
- Department of EECS, IIT Bhilai, GEC Campus, Sejbahar, Raipur, Chattisgarh, 492015, India
| | - Suvendu Kumar Panda
- Department of Physics, IIT Bhilai, GEC Campus, Sejbahar, Raipur, Chattisgarh, 492015, India.
| | - Dhruv Pratap Singh
- Department of Physics, IIT Bhilai, GEC Campus, Sejbahar, Raipur, Chattisgarh, 492015, India.
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32
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Wu R, Zhu Y, Cai X, Wu S, Xu L, Yu T. Recent Process in Microrobots: From Propulsion to Swarming for Biomedical Applications. MICROMACHINES 2022; 13:1473. [PMID: 36144096 PMCID: PMC9503943 DOI: 10.3390/mi13091473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Revised: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Recently, robots have assisted and contributed to the biomedical field. Scaling down the size of robots to micro/nanoscale can increase the accuracy of targeted medications and decrease the danger of invasive operations in human surgery. Inspired by the motion pattern and collective behaviors of the tiny biological motors in nature, various kinds of sophisticated and programmable microrobots are fabricated with the ability for cargo delivery, bio-imaging, precise operation, etc. In this review, four types of propulsion-magnetically, acoustically, chemically/optically and hybrid driven-and their corresponding features have been outlined and categorized. In particular, the locomotion of these micro/nanorobots, as well as the requirement of biocompatibility, transportation efficiency, and controllable motion for applications in the complex human body environment should be considered. We discuss applications of different propulsion mechanisms in the biomedical field, list their individual benefits, and suggest their potential growth paths.
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Quantitative Analysis of Drag Force for Task-Specific Micromachine at Low Reynolds Numbers. MICROMACHINES 2022; 13:mi13071134. [PMID: 35888951 PMCID: PMC9317653 DOI: 10.3390/mi13071134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Revised: 07/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Micromotors have spread widely in order to meet the needs of new applications, including cell operation, drug delivery, biosensing, precise surgery and environmental decontamination, due to their small size, low energy consumption and large propelling power, especially the newly designed multifunctional micromotors that combine many extra shape features in one device. Features such as rod-like receptors, dendritic biosensors and ball-like catalyzing enzymes are added to the outer surface of the tubular micromotor during fabrication to perform their special mission. However, the structural optimization of motion performance is still unclear. The main factor restricting the motion performance of the micromotors is the drag forces. The complex geometry of a micromotor makes its dynamic behavior more complicated in a fluid environment. This study aimed to design the optimum structure of tubular micromotors with minimum drag forces and obtain the magnitude of drag forces considering both the internal and external fluids of the micromotors. By using the computational fluid dynamics software Fluent 18.0 (ANSYS), the drag force and the drag coefficient of different conical micromotors were calculated. Moreover, the influence of the Reynolds numbers Re, the semi-cone angle δ and the ratios ξ and η on the drag coefficient was analyzed. The results show the drag force monotonically increased with Reynolds numbers Re and the ratio η. The extreme point of the drag curve is reached when the semi-cone angle δ is 8° and the ratio ξ is 3.846. This work provides theoretical support and guidance for optimizing the design and development of conical micromotors.
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34
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Vuijk HD, Klempahn S, Merlitz H, Sommer JU, Sharma A. Active colloidal molecules in activity gradients. Phys Rev E 2022; 106:014617. [PMID: 35974656 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.106.014617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
We consider a rigid assembly of two active Brownian particles, forming an active colloidal dimer, in a gradient of activity. We show analytically that depending on the relative orientation of the two particles the active dimer accumulates in regions of either high or low activity, corresponding to, respectively, chemotaxis and antichemotaxis. Certain active dimers show both chemotactic and antichemotactic behavior, depending on the strength of the activity. Our coarse-grained Fokker-Planck approach yields an effective potential, which we use to construct a nonequilibrium phase diagram that classifies the dimers according to their tactic behavior. Moreover, we show that for certain dimers a higher persistence of the motion is achieved similar to the effect of a steering wheel in macroscopic devices. This work could be useful for designing autonomous active colloidal structures which adjust their motion depending on the local activity gradients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hidde D Vuijk
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden, Institut Theory der Polymere, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Sophie Klempahn
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden, Institut Theory der Polymere, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Holger Merlitz
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden, Institut Theory der Polymere, 01069 Dresden, Germany
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, People's Republic of China
| | - Jens-Uwe Sommer
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden, Institut Theory der Polymere, 01069 Dresden, Germany
- Technische Universität Dresden, Institut für Theoretische Physik, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Abhinav Sharma
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden, Institut Theory der Polymere, 01069 Dresden, Germany
- Technische Universität Dresden, Institut für Theoretische Physik, 01069 Dresden, Germany
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35
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Piskunen P, Huusela M, Linko V. Nanoswimmers Based on Capped Janus Nanospheres. MATERIALS 2022; 15:ma15134442. [PMID: 35806570 PMCID: PMC9267829 DOI: 10.3390/ma15134442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Nanoswimmers are synthetic nanoscale objects that convert the available surrounding free energy to a directed motion. For example, bacteria with various flagella types serve as textbook examples of the minuscule swimmers found in nature. Along these lines, a plethora of artificial hybrid and non-hybrid nanoswimmers have been introduced, and they could find many uses, e.g., for targeted drug delivery systems (TDDSs) and controlled drug treatments. Here, we discuss a certain class of nanoparticles, i.e., functional, capped Janus nanospheres that can be employed as nanoswimmers, their subclasses and properties, as well as their various implementations. A brief outlook is given on different fabrication and synthesis methods, as well as on the diverse compositions used to prepare nanoswimmers, with a focus on the particle types and materials suitable for biomedical applications. Several recent studies have shown remarkable success in achieving temporally and spatially controlled drug delivery in vitro using Janus-particle-based TDDSs. We believe that this review will serve as a concise introductory synopsis for the interested readers. Therefore, we hope that it will deepen the general understanding of nanoparticle behavior in biological matrices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petteri Piskunen
- Biohybrid Materials, Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, Aalto University, P.O. Box 16100, 00076 Aalto, Finland; (P.P.); (M.H.)
| | - Martina Huusela
- Biohybrid Materials, Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, Aalto University, P.O. Box 16100, 00076 Aalto, Finland; (P.P.); (M.H.)
| | - Veikko Linko
- Biohybrid Materials, Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, Aalto University, P.O. Box 16100, 00076 Aalto, Finland; (P.P.); (M.H.)
- LIBER Center of Excellence, Aalto University, P.O. Box 16100, 00076 Aalto, Finland
- Correspondence:
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Meisami AH, Abbasi M, Mosleh-Shirazi S, Azari A, Amani AM, Vaez A, Golchin A. Self-propelled micro/nanobots: A new insight into precisely targeting cancerous cells through intelligent and deep cancer penetration. Eur J Pharmacol 2022; 926:175011. [PMID: 35568064 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2022.175011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Revised: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Cancer overlooks are globally one of the most dangerous and life-threatening tribulations. While significant advances have been made in the targeted delivery of anti-cancer medications over the last few years, several challenges, such as low efficacy and strong toxic effects, remain to be addressed. Micro/nanomotors have been thoroughly studied for both effective cancer detection and treatment, as demonstrated by significant advancements in the architecture of smart and functional micro/nanomotor biomedical systems. Able to self-propelled within fluid media, micro/nanomotors have attractive vehicles to maximize the efficacy of tumor delivery. Here, we present the current developments in the delivery, detection, and imaging-guided treatment of micro/nanomotors in the clinical field, including cancer-related specific targeted drug delivery, and then discuss the barriers and difficulties encountered by micro/nanomotors throughout the medical process. Furthermore, this paper addresses the potential growth of micro/nanomotors for medical applications, and sets out the current drawbacks and future research directions for more advancement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Hossein Meisami
- Department of Emergency Medicine, School of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Milad Abbasi
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Sareh Mosleh-Shirazi
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Shiraz University of Technology, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Arezo Azari
- Department of Applied Cell Sciences and Tissue Engineering, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Mohammad Amani
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Ahmad Vaez
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Ali Golchin
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Cellular and Molecular Medicine Institute, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran; Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Applied Cell Sciences, School of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran.
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Wu X, Ehehalt R, Razinskas G, Feichtner T, Qin J, Hecht B. Light-driven microdrones. NATURE NANOTECHNOLOGY 2022; 17:477-484. [PMID: 35449413 DOI: 10.1038/s41565-022-01099-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
When photons interact with matter, forces and torques occur due to the transfer of linear and angular momentum, respectively. The resulting accelerations are small for macroscopic objects but become substantial for microscopic objects with small masses and moments of inertia, rendering photon recoil very attractive to propel micro- and nano-objects. However, until now, using light to control object motion in two or three dimensions in all three or six degrees of freedom has remained an unsolved challenge. Here we demonstrate light-driven microdrones (size roughly 2 μm and mass roughly 2 pg) in an aqueous environment that can be manoeuvred in two dimensions in all three independent degrees of freedom (two translational and one rotational) using two overlapping unfocused light fields of 830 and 980 nm wavelength. To actuate the microdrones independent of their orientation, we use up to four individually addressable chiral plasmonic nanoantennas acting as nanomotors that resonantly scatter the circular polarization components of the driving light into well-defined directions. The microdrones are manoeuvred by only adjusting the optical power for each motor (the power of each circular polarization component of each wavelength). The actuation concept is therefore similar to that of macroscopic multirotor drones. As a result, we demonstrate manual steering of the microdrones along complex paths. Since all degrees of freedom can be addressed independently and directly, feedback control loops may be used to counteract Brownian motion. We posit that the microdrones can find applications in transport and release of cargos, nanomanipulation, and local probing and sensing of nano and mesoscale objects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofei Wu
- Nano-Optics and Biophotonics Group, Experimental Physics 5, Institute of Physics, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany.
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology, Jena, Germany.
| | - Raphael Ehehalt
- Nano-Optics and Biophotonics Group, Experimental Physics 5, Institute of Physics, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Gary Razinskas
- Nano-Optics and Biophotonics Group, Experimental Physics 5, Institute of Physics, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Thorsten Feichtner
- Nano-Optics and Biophotonics Group, Experimental Physics 5, Institute of Physics, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Jin Qin
- Nano-Optics and Biophotonics Group, Experimental Physics 5, Institute of Physics, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Bert Hecht
- Nano-Optics and Biophotonics Group, Experimental Physics 5, Institute of Physics, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany.
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Kinetics‐Regulated Interfacial Selective Superassembly of Asymmetric Smart Nanovehicles with Tailored Topological Hollow Architectures. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202200240. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202200240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Yue H, Chang X, Liu J, Zhou D, Li L. Wheel-like Magnetic-Driven Microswarm with a Band-Aid Imitation for Patching Up Microscale Intestinal Perforation. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:8743-8752. [PMID: 35133797 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c21352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Microscale intestinal perforation can cause considerable mortality and is very difficult to treat using conventional methods owing to the numerous challenges associated with microscale operations, which require the development of new body-friendly and effective treatment methods. Swarming micro- and nanomotors have shown great potential in biomedical applications in complex and hard-to-reach environments. Herein, we present a wheel-like magnetic-driven microswarm (WLM) with a band-aid imitation to patch microscale intestinal perforations by pasting on the perforation point in mucus-filled environments. A method called "packing under rolling" was applied to make the formed microswarms denser and rounder. Microswarms with variable aspect ratios can be fabricated by tuning the frequency and strength of the external magnetic field. Actuation and navigation in a confined complex environment, locomotion on three-dimensional surfaces, and multiple switchable motion modes have been realized by combining AC and DC magnetic fields. Moreover, we demonstrated WLM controllable navigation, movement, and microscale perforation patching in the chicken intestines ex vivo. The proposed strategy will contribute to the treatment of microscale intestinal perforation and may be applicable to novel, precise topical medication and microsurgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Honger Yue
- State Key Laboratory of Robotics and Systems, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, P. R. China
| | - Xiaocong Chang
- State Key Laboratory of Robotics and Systems, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Micro-Systems and Micro-Structures Manufacturing (Harbin Institute of Technology), Ministry of Education, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Junmin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Robotics and Systems, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, P. R. China
| | - Dekai Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Robotics and Systems, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Micro-Systems and Micro-Structures Manufacturing (Harbin Institute of Technology), Ministry of Education, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Longqiu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Robotics and Systems, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Micro-Systems and Micro-Structures Manufacturing (Harbin Institute of Technology), Ministry of Education, Harbin 150001, China
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Xie L, Liu T, He Y, Zeng J, Zhang W, Liang Q, Huang Z, Tang J, Liang K, Jiang L, Terasaki O, Zhao D, Kong B. Kinetics‐Regulated Interfacial Selective Superassembly of Asymmetric Smart Nanovehicles with Tailored Topological Hollow Architectures. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202200240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Xie
- Fudan University Department of Chemistry CHINA
| | - Tianyi Liu
- Fudan University Department of Chemistry CHINA
| | - Yanjun He
- Fudan University Department of Chemistry CHINA
| | - Jie Zeng
- Fudan University Department of Chemistry CHINA
| | - Wei Zhang
- Fudan University Department of Chemistry CHINA
| | - Qirui Liang
- Fudan University Department of Chemistry CHINA
| | - Zilin Huang
- Fudan University Department of Chemistry CHINA
| | | | - Kang Liang
- University of New South Wales School of Chemical Engineering AUSTRALIA
| | - Lei Jiang
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry CHINA
| | - Osamu Terasaki
- ShanghaiTech University Physical science and technology CHINA
| | | | - Biao Kong
- Fudan University Department of Chemistry Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, P. R. China 200433 Shanghai CHINA
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41
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The Future of Nanomedicine. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-13-9374-7_24-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022] Open
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Mena-Giraldo P, Orozco J. Polymeric Micro/Nanocarriers and Motors for Cargo Transport and Phototriggered Delivery. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:3920. [PMID: 34833219 PMCID: PMC8621231 DOI: 10.3390/polym13223920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Smart polymer-based micro/nanoassemblies have emerged as a promising alternative for transporting and delivering a myriad of cargo. Cargo encapsulation into (or linked to) polymeric micro/nanocarrier (PC) strategies may help to conserve cargo activity and functionality when interacting with its surroundings in its journey to the target. PCs for cargo phototriggering allow for excellent spatiotemporal control via irradiation as an external stimulus, thus regulating the delivery kinetics of cargo and potentially increasing its therapeutic effect. Micromotors based on PCs offer an accelerated cargo-medium interaction for biomedical, environmental, and many other applications. This review collects the recent achievements in PC development based on nanomicelles, nanospheres, and nanopolymersomes, among others, with enhanced properties to increase cargo protection and cargo release efficiency triggered by ultraviolet (UV) and near-infrared (NIR) irradiation, including light-stimulated polymeric micromotors for propulsion, cargo transport, biosensing, and photo-thermal therapy. We emphasize the challenges of positioning PCs as drug delivery systems, as well as the outstanding opportunities of light-stimulated polymeric micromotors for practical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jahir Orozco
- Max Planck Tandem Group in Nanobioengineering, Institute of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural and Exact Sciences, University of Antioquia, Complejo Ruta N, Calle 67 # 52-20, Medellin 050010, Colombia;
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43
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Chen K, Peng X, Dang M, Tao J, Ma J, Li Z, Zheng L, Su X, Wang L, Teng Z. General Thermodynamic-Controlled Coating Method to Prepare Janus Mesoporous Nanomotors for Improving Tumor Penetration. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:51297-51311. [PMID: 34668372 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c11838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Artificial nanomotors are undergoing significant developments in several biomedical applications. However, current experimental strategies for producing nanomotors still have inherent drawbacks such as the requirement for expensive equipment, strict controlling of experimental conditions, and strenuous processes with several complex procedures. In this study, we describe for the first time a facile single-step thermodynamic-controlled coating method to prepare Janus mesoporous organosilica nanomotors. By controlling the total free energy of organosilica oligomers (G) from a low development level to a high level in the reaction system, the nonspontaneous nucleation on the platinum (Pt) nanosurface and the spontaneous nucleation in a solvent can be controlled, respectively. More importantly, we reveal that the molecular arrangement and contact angle of deposited organosilica on Pt cores vary with the total free energy of organosilica oligomers (G). Different values of θ would change the trend of detachment from Pt for organosilica nucleated cores and carry out diverse coating modes. These are indicated by the morphology evolution of platinum/organosilica hybrids, from naked platinum nanoparticles, evenly distributed organosilica shell/core, nonconcentric to typical Janus nanomotor. The prepared Janus mesoporous nanomotor (JMN) showed typical mesopore structures and active propelling behaviors under H2O2 stimulation. In addition, the JMN modified with hyaluronic acid exhibited excellent biocompatibility and improved tumor penetration under H2O2 stimulation. The successful construction of other nanomotor frameworks based on a gold-templated core proves the perfect applicability of the thermodynamic-coating method for the production of nanomotors. In conclusion, this work establishes a manufacturing methodology for nanomotors and drives nanomotors for promising biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Chen
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays and Institute of Advanced Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors, Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Centre for Advanced Materials, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing 210046, Jiangsu, P. R. China
- Department of Geriatrics, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen 518020, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Xin Peng
- Department of Radiology, Affiliated Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing 210008, P. R. China
- Department of Radiology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Meng Dang
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays and Institute of Advanced Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors, Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Centre for Advanced Materials, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing 210046, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Jun Tao
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays and Institute of Advanced Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors, Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Centre for Advanced Materials, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing 210046, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Jingbo Ma
- Department of Geriatrics, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen 518020, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Zhijie Li
- Department of Geriatrics, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen 518020, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Liuhai Zheng
- Department of Geriatrics, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen 518020, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Xiaodan Su
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays and Institute of Advanced Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors, Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Centre for Advanced Materials, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing 210046, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Lianhui Wang
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays and Institute of Advanced Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors, Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Centre for Advanced Materials, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing 210046, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Zhaogang Teng
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays and Institute of Advanced Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors, Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Centre for Advanced Materials, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing 210046, Jiangsu, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Nanjing University School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing 210093, Jiangsu, P. R. China
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44
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O'Farrell C, Stamatopoulos K, Simmons M, Batchelor H. In vitro models to evaluate ingestible devices: Present status and current trends. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2021; 178:113924. [PMID: 34390774 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2021.113924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Revised: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Orally ingestible medical devices offer significant opportunity in the diagnosis and treatment of gastrointestinal conditions. Their development necessitates the use of models that simulate the gastrointestinal environment on both a macro and micro scale. An evolution in scientific technology has enabled a wide range of in vitro, ex vivo and in vivo models to be developed that replicate the gastrointestinal tract. This review describes the landscape of the existing range of in vitro tools that are available to characterize ingestible devices. Models are presented with details on their benefits and limitations with regards to the evaluation of ingestible devices and examples of their use in the evaluation of such devices is presented where available. The multitude of models available provides a suite of tools that can be used in the evaluation of ingestible devices that should be selected on the functionality of the device and the mechanism of its function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Connor O'Farrell
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Konstantinos Stamatopoulos
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK; Biopharmaceutics, Pharmaceutical Development, PDS, MST, RD Platform Technology & Science, GSK, David Jack Centre, Park Road, Ware, Hertfordshire SG12 0DP, UK
| | - Mark Simmons
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Hannah Batchelor
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, 161 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G4 0RE, UK.
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45
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Zhang J, Mou F, Wu Z, Song J, Kauffman JE, Sen A, Guan J. Cooperative transport by flocking phototactic micromotors. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2021; 3:6157-6163. [PMID: 36133936 PMCID: PMC9419550 DOI: 10.1039/d1na00641j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Cargo delivery by micro/nanomotors provides enormous opportunities for micromanipulation, environmental cleaning, drug delivery, etc. However, due to the limited driving force, it is usually difficult for single micro/nanomotors to transport cargoes much larger or heavier than themselves. Here, we demonstrate that flocking phototactic TiO2 micromotors can cooperatively transport multiple and different types of large cargoes based on light-responsive diffusiophoresis. Utilizing spontaneous diffusiophoretic attraction, flocking TiO2 micromotors can load large cargoes. Under UV light navigation, flocking TiO2 micromotors cooperatively carry and transport cargoes via collective diffusiophoretic repulsion in open space or complex microenvironments. After reaching the destination, the carried cargoes can also be unloaded from the flock and be deployed at a predetermined destination by disassembling or reversing the flock. This study may pave the way for developing intelligent swarming micro/nanorobots for cooperative targeting micromanipulation and advancing their applications in drug delivery and microengineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianhua Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, International School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology 122 Luoshi Road Wuhan 430070 China
- Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University University Park PA 16802 USA
| | - Fangzhi Mou
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, International School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology 122 Luoshi Road Wuhan 430070 China
| | - Zhen Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, International School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology 122 Luoshi Road Wuhan 430070 China
| | - Jiaqi Song
- Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University University Park PA 16802 USA
| | - Joshua E Kauffman
- Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University University Park PA 16802 USA
| | - Ayusman Sen
- Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University University Park PA 16802 USA
| | - Jianguo Guan
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, International School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology 122 Luoshi Road Wuhan 430070 China
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Ye Y, Tong F, Wang S, Jiang J, Gao J, Liu L, Liu K, Wang F, Wang Z, Ou J, Chen B, Wilson DA, Tu Y, Peng F. Apoptotic Tumor DNA Activated Nanomotor Chemotaxis. NANO LETTERS 2021; 21:8086-8094. [PMID: 34559543 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.1c02441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Inspired by the tactic organisms in Nature that can self-direct their movement following environmental stimulus gradient, we proposed a DNase functionalized Janus nanoparticle (JNP) nanomotor system for the first time, which can be powered by ultralow nM to μM levels of DNA. The system exhibited interesting chemotactic behavior toward a DNA richer area, which is physiologically related with many diseases including tumors. In the presence of the subtle DNA gradient generated by apoptotic tumor cells, the cargo loaded nanomotors were able to sense the DNA signal released by the cells and demonstrate directional motion toward tumor cells. For our system, the subtle DNA gradient by a small amount (10 μL) of tumor cells is sufficient to induce the chemotaxis behavior of self-navigating and self-targeting ability of our nanomotor system, which promises to shed new light for tumor diagnosis and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yicheng Ye
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Fei Tong
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Shuanghu Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Jiamiao Jiang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Junbin Gao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Lu Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Kun Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Fei Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Zhen Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Juanfeng Ou
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Bin Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Daniela A Wilson
- Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, Nijmegen, 6525 AJ, The Netherlands
| | - Yingfeng Tu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Fei Peng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
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47
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Ye Z, Wang Y, Liu S, Xu D, Wang W, Ma X. Construction of Nanomotors with Replaceable Engines by Supramolecular Machine-Based Host-Guest Assembly and Disassembly. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:15063-15072. [PMID: 34499495 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c04836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Micro/nanomotors (MNMs) are miniaturized devices capable of performing self-propelled motion and on-demand tasks, which have brought revolutionary renovations in nanomedicine, environmental remediation, biochemical sensing, etc. Numerous methods of either chemical synthesis or physical fabrications have been extensively investigated to prepare MNMs of various shapes and functions. However, MNMs with replaceable engines that can be flexibly assembled and disassembled, resembling that of a macroscopic machine, have not been achieved. Here, for the first time, we report a demonstration of control over the engine replacement of self-propelled nanomotors based on hollow mesoporous silica nanoparticles (HMSNPs) via supramolecular machine-based host-guest assembly and disassembly between azobenzene (Azo) and β-cyclodextrin (β-CD). Nanomotors with different driving mechanisms can be rapidly constructed by selecting corresponding β-CD-modified nanoengines of urease, Pt, or Fe3O4, to assemble with the azobenzene-modified HMSNPs (HMSNPs-Azo). In virtue of photoresponsive cis/trans isomer conversion of azobenzene molecules, engine switching can be accomplished by remote light triggered host-guest assembly or disassembly between HMSNPs-Azo and β-CD-modified engines. Moreover, this method can quickly include multiple engines on the surface of the HMSNPs-Azo to prepare a hybrid MNM with enhanced motion capability. This strategy not only is cost-effective for the rapid and convenient preparation of nanomotors with different propulsion mechanism but also paves a new path to future multiple functionalization of MNMs for on-demand task assignment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zihan Ye
- Sauvage Laboratory for Smart Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Guangdong, Shenzhen 518055, China.,Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, No. 9 Duxue Road, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Yong Wang
- Sauvage Laboratory for Smart Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Guangdong, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Sanhu Liu
- Sauvage Laboratory for Smart Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Guangdong, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Dandan Xu
- Sauvage Laboratory for Smart Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Guangdong, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Sauvage Laboratory for Smart Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Guangdong, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Xing Ma
- Sauvage Laboratory for Smart Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Guangdong, Shenzhen 518055, China.,Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, No. 9 Duxue Road, Shenzhen 518055, China
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48
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Khoee S, Moayeri S, Charsooghi MA. Self-/Magnetic-Propelled Catalytic Nanomotors Based on a Janus SPION@PEG-Pt/PCL Hybrid Nanoarchitecture: Single-Particle versus Collective Motions. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2021; 37:10668-10682. [PMID: 34459607 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.1c01166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, we synthesized superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (NPs) functionalized with (3-aminopropyl)triethoxysilane (Fe3O4@APTES). The synthesized NPs were coated with succinic anhydride (Fe3O4@COOH) in the next step. Half the surface of the NPs was shielded with wax microparticles via the Pickering emulsion technique, and the unshielded side was covered with poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether. Platinum nanoparticles (Pt NPs) were deposited between PEG chains by the oxidation-reduction method through an in situ procedure to obtain a metal-polymer composite. These deposited Pt NPs have the potential to catalyze the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide at the surface of Janus nanomotors (JNMs). After de-waxing of the NPs, Irgacure 2959 (as the initiator) was reacted with the bare side of the NPs to provide the opportunity to grow poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) chains on the surface of the nanomotors through the "grafting from" method. The diffusion coefficient and velocity of the JNMs (before and after the PCL reaction) in the aqueous solution of 1, 2, 3, 5, and 10% (w/w) hydrogen peroxide and in the presence of different concentrations of NaCl solutions (0, 5, and 10% (w/v)) were investigated by mean square displacement analysis for single-particle or collective motions of JNMs. In addition, the simultaneous effect of an external magnetic field and the NaCl concentration on the movement direction of JNMs was also evaluated in the presence of hydrogen peroxide (10%). Increasing the ionic strength through NaCl addition permits the JNMs to move with relatively lower amounts of fuel [i.e., 2% (w/w)]. The collective motion investigation of the JNMs showed the highest speed in the media with 10% (w/w) hydrogen peroxide and 5% (w/v) NaCl solution (about 1215.78 μm2/s) due to the surfactant effect of the Janus architecture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sepideh Khoee
- Polymer Laboratory, School of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran 14155-6455, Iran
| | - Samaneh Moayeri
- Polymer Laboratory, School of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran 14155-6455, Iran
| | - Mohammad A Charsooghi
- Department of Physics, Institute for Advanced Studies in Basic Sciences (IASBS), Zanjan 45137-66731, Iran
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Ressnerova A, Novotny F, Michalkova H, Pumera M, Adam V, Heger Z. Efficient Protein Transfection by Swarms of Chemically Powered Plasmonic Virus-Sized Nanorobots. ACS NANO 2021; 15:12899-12910. [PMID: 34282903 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c01172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Transfection is based on nonviral delivery of nucleic acids or proteins into cells. Viral approaches are being used; nevertheless, their translational capacity is nowadays decreasing due to persistent fear of their safety, therefore creating space for the field of nanotechnology. However, nanomedical approaches introducing static nanoparticles for the delivery of biologically active molecules are very likely to be overshadowed by the vast potential of nanorobotics. We hereby present a rapid nonviral transfection of protein into a difficult-to-transfect prostate cancer cell line facilitated by chemically powered rectangular virus-sized (68 nm × 33 nm) nanorobots. The enhanced diffusion of these biocompatible nanorobots is the key to their fast internalization into cells, happening in a matter of minutes and being up to 6-fold more efficient compared to static nanorobots in a nonfueled environment. The Au/Ag plasmonic nature of these nanorobots makes them simply traceable and allows for their detailed subcellular localization. Protein transfection mediated by such nanorobots is an important step forward, challenging the field of nanomedicine and having potential in future translational medical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alzbeta Ressnerova
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, CZ-613 00 Brno, Czech Republic
- Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Purkynova 123, CZ-612 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Filip Novotny
- Center for Advanced Functional Nanorobots, Department of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology, Technicka 5, CZ-166 28 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Hana Michalkova
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, CZ-613 00 Brno, Czech Republic
- Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Purkynova 123, CZ-612 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Pumera
- Center for Advanced Functional Nanorobots, Department of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology, Technicka 5, CZ-166 28 Prague, Czech Republic
- Center for Nanorobotics and Machine Intelligence, Department of Food Technology, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, CZ-613 00 Brno, Czech Republic
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, No. 91 Hsueh-Shih Road, 40402 Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, 03722 Seoul, Korea
- Future Energy and Innovation Lab, Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Purkynova 123, CZ-612 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Vojtech Adam
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, CZ-613 00 Brno, Czech Republic
- Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Purkynova 123, CZ-612 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Zbynek Heger
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, CZ-613 00 Brno, Czech Republic
- Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Purkynova 123, CZ-612 00 Brno, Czech Republic
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Lyu X, Liu X, Zhou C, Duan S, Xu P, Dai J, Chen X, Peng Y, Cui D, Tang J, Ma X, Wang W. Active, Yet Little Mobility: Asymmetric Decomposition of H 2O 2 Is Not Sufficient in Propelling Catalytic Micromotors. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:12154-12164. [PMID: 34339185 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c04501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
A popular principle in designing chemical micromachines is to take advantage of asymmetric chemical reactions such as the catalytic decomposition of H2O2. Contrary to intuition, we use Janus micromotors half-coated with platinum (Pt) or catalase as an example to show that this ingredient is not sufficient in powering a micromotor into self-propulsion. In particular, by annealing a thin Pt film on a SiO2 microsphere, the resulting microsphere half-decorated with discrete Pt nanoparticles swims ∼80% more slowly than its unannealed counterpart in H2O2, even though they both catalytically produce comparable amounts of oxygen. Similarly, SiO2 microspheres half-functionalized with the enzyme catalase show negligible self-propulsion despite high catalytic activity toward decomposing H2O2. In addition to highlighting how surface morphology of a catalytic cap enables/disables a chemical micromotor, this study offers a refreshed perspective in understanding how chemistry powers nano- and microscopic objects (or not): our results are consistent with a self-electrophoresis mechanism that emphasizes the electrochemical decomposition of H2O2 over nonelectrochemical pathways. More broadly, our finding is a critical piece of the puzzle in understanding and designing nano- and micromachines, in developing capable model systems of active colloids, and in relating enzymes to active matter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianglong Lyu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Xiaoxia Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China.,Sauvage Laboratory for Smart Materials, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Chao Zhou
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Shifang Duan
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Pengzhao Xu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Jia Dai
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Xiaowen Chen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Yixin Peng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Donghao Cui
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Jinyao Tang
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China.,State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Xing Ma
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China.,Sauvage Laboratory for Smart Materials, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, 518055, China.,Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, No. 9 Duxue Road, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Wei Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
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