1
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Do TN, Shih PH, Gumbs G. Magnetoplasmons in magic-angle twisted bilayer graphene. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2023; 35:455703. [PMID: 37531966 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/acecf1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
The magic-angle twisted bilayer graphene (MATBLG) has been demonstrated to exhibit exotic physical properties due to the special flat bands. However, exploiting the engineering of such properties by external fields is still in it infancy. Here we show that MATBLG under an external magnetic field presents a distinctive magnetoplasmon dispersion, which can be significantly modified by transferred momentum and charge doping. Along a wide range of transferred momentum, there exist special pronounced single magnetoplasmon and horizontal single-particle excitation modes near charge neutrality. We provide an insightful discussion of such unique features based on the electronic excitation of Landau levels quantized from the flat bands and Landau damping. Additionally, charge doping leads to peculiar multiple strong-weight magnetoplasmons. These characteristics make MATBLG a favorable candidate for plasmonic devices and technology applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thi-Nga Do
- Department of Physics, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
| | - Po-Hsin Shih
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Hunter College of the City University of New York, 695 Park Avenue, New York, NY 10065, United States of America
| | - Godfrey Gumbs
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Hunter College of the City University of New York, 695 Park Avenue, New York, NY 10065, United States of America
- Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC), P de Manuel Lardizabal, 4, 20018 San Sebastian, Basque Country, Spain
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2
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Fei Y, Tong T, Bao J, Hu YH. In Situ Observation of Electron-Beam-Induced NaH Decomposition in Graphene Nanoreactors by Transmission Electron Microscopy. J Phys Chem Lett 2023; 14:1-8. [PMID: 36562535 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.2c03434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Sodium hydride (NaH) was unprecedently embedded inside graphene nanobubbles via the discovered reaction between NaH and CO. With the graphene nanobubble as a nanoreactor for NaH, we directly observed the electron-beam-induced decomposition process of graphene-covered NaH by in situ high-resolution transmission electron microscopy with energy dispersive spectrometry and electron energy loss spectroscopy, revealing its decomposition mechanism. This can provide guidance for the design of hydrogen storage materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhuan Fei
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, Michigan49931, United States
| | - Tian Tong
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering and Texas Center for Superconductivity (TcSUH), University of Houston, Houston, Texas77204, United States
| | - Jiming Bao
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering and Texas Center for Superconductivity (TcSUH), University of Houston, Houston, Texas77204, United States
| | - Yun Hang Hu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, Michigan49931, United States
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3
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Dzujah DU, Pradipto AM, Hidayat R, Nakamura K. Modification of plasmonic properties in several transition metal-doped graphene studied by the first principles method. RSC Adv 2023; 13:1446-1454. [PMID: 36686940 PMCID: PMC9814376 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra06446d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Graphene doped with different transition metal (TM) atoms, namely, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, and Au, have been investigated through first-principles calculations. The TM atom forms a substitutional defect, replacing one carbon atom in the graphene basal plane, which considerably can be obtained through wet or dry chemical processes as reported elsewhere. The calculation results showed that TM atom substitution leads to the opening of a band gap and the emergence of mid-gap states with the Fermi energy in the middle of it. The effects on optical properties were seen from the calculated optical absorption and Electron Energy Loss Spectroscopy (EELS) spectra. Two EELS bands are seen in the far UV region corresponding to the π and (π + σ) plasmons but the influence of the substituted TM effects on the plasmon frequency is small. On the other hand, as the Fermi energy level appears in the middle of the mid-gap state band while the real part of its dielectric permittivity at low photon energy is negative, these TM-doped graphene have a metal-like characteristic. Hence, plasmon wave excitation can be expected at the THz region which is dependent on the dopant TM atom. The plasmon excitation in these TM-doped graphene is thus principally similar to the plasmonic excitation in pure graphene by electric or magnetic fields, where the Fermi energy level is shifted from the graphene Dirac point leading to the possibility of an intraband transition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diyan Unmu Dzujah
- Physics of Magnetism and Photonics Research Division, Physics Study Program, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Bandung Institute of Technology Jl. Ganesha 10 Bandung Indonesia
| | - Abdul-Muizz Pradipto
- Physics of Magnetism and Photonics Research Division, Physics Study Program, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Bandung Institute of Technology Jl. Ganesha 10 Bandung Indonesia
| | - Rahmat Hidayat
- Physics of Magnetism and Photonics Research Division, Physics Study Program, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Bandung Institute of Technology Jl. Ganesha 10 Bandung Indonesia
| | - Kohji Nakamura
- Department of Physics Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Mie University Tsu Mie 514-8507 Japan
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4
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Khuong Dien V, Li WB, Lin KI, Thi Han N, Lin MF. Electronic and optical properties of graphene, silicene, germanene, and their semi-hydrogenated systems. RSC Adv 2022; 12:34851-34865. [PMID: 36540216 PMCID: PMC9724213 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra06722f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 09/15/2023] Open
Abstract
We investigate the geometric, electric, and optical properties of two-dimensional honeycomb lattices using first-principles simulations. The main focus of this work is on the similarities and differences in their characteristics, as well as the delicate connection of orbital hybridizations and spin-polarizations with electronic and optical properties. Graphene, silicene, germanene, and their semi-hydrogenated systems, in turn, display sp2, sp2-sp3, and sp3s hybridizations. These bonding configurations are critical factors affecting the geometric structure, the electronic band structure, van Hove singularities in density of states, the magnetic configurations, the dielectric functions, and energy loss functions. Furthermore, the meta-stable and stable exciton states are expected to survive in pristine and semi-hydrogenated group IV monolayers, respectively. The theoretical predictions established in this work are important not only for basic science but also for high-tech applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vo Khuong Dien
- Department of Physics, National Cheng Kung University 701 Tainan Taiwan
| | - Wei-Bang Li
- Department of Physics, National Cheng Kung University 701 Tainan Taiwan
| | - Kuang-I Lin
- Core Facility Center, National Cheng Kung University 701 Tainan Taiwan
| | - Nguyen Thi Han
- Department of Physics, National Cheng Kung University 701 Tainan Taiwan
| | - Ming-Fa Lin
- Department of Physics, National Cheng Kung University 701 Tainan Taiwan
- Hierarchical Green-Energy Material (Hi-GEM) Research Center, National Cheng Kung University 701 Tainan Taiwan
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5
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Akbari K, Mišković ZL. Directional effects in plasmon excitation and transition radiation from an anisotropic 2D material induced by a fast charged particle. NANOSCALE 2022; 14:5079-5093. [PMID: 35296875 DOI: 10.1039/d1nr06307c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
We present a relativistic formulation of the energy loss of a charged particle traversing an anisotropic layer under arbitrary angle of incidence. We use a model for the conductivity tensor describing doped phosphorene, which supports plasmon polariton modes (PPMs) that exhibit a topological transition between elliptic and hyperbolic iso-frequency dispersion curves in the THz to the mid-infrared (MIR) frequency range. The total distribution of the momentum transfer and energy loss of the charged particle goes to excitation of the PPMs followed by their decay in phosphorene (Ohmic losses) and the energy that is emitted as transition radiation (TR). We show that the elliptic modes are efficiently excited in the THz range by relativistic particles, but the corresponding Ohmic distributions do not exhibit significant anisotropy. Contrastingly, hyperbolic modes are efficiently excited in the MIR range by slow particles moving under oblique incidence, producing Ohmic distributions that show strong directionality of propagation with large wavevectors associated with the asymptotes of the hyperbolic dispersion curves. The most dramatic effects of the anisotropic layer conductivity are seen in the angular spectra of the TR, with quite distinct and unexpected shapes of the radiation patterns emitted at the THz and MIR frequencies, even for a normal incidence of the charged particle. Those patterns are substantially skewed for oblique incidence, when they show a marked anisotropy relative to the principal axes of the layer. Such a rich variety of the TR spectra should be readily observable via angle-resolved measurements in a transmission electron microscope.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamran Akbari
- Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Zoran L Mišković
- Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada.
- Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
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6
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Tu PY, Huang CC. Analysis of hybrid plasmon-phonon-polariton modes in hBN/graphene/hBN stacks for mid-infrared waveguiding. OPTICS EXPRESS 2022; 30:2863-2876. [PMID: 35209418 DOI: 10.1364/oe.449287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Guiding mid-infrared (mid-IR) signals provide wide-ranging applications including chemical sensing, thermal imaging, and optical waveguiding. To manipulate mid-IR signals on photonic chips, it is critical to build a waveguide that provides both sub-diffraction field confinement and low loss. We present a mid-IR waveguide made up of a multilayer graphene/hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) stacking (MLGhS) and a high-refractive index nanowire. The guided mode of the proposed waveguide structure is formed by coupling the fundamental volume plasmon polariton with the fundamental hyperbolic phonon polariton in hBN, and is then modulated by a high-index nanowire. Interestingly, we found that the effective index, propagation length, and mode area of the guided mode vary as the dependences of N-1, N, and N3/2, where N is the number of graphene layers. In addition, an anomalous result, which reveals Lp and Am monotonously decrease as Fermi energy increases that is not observed in conventional graphene plasmon waveguides, occurs in the present structure. The modal properties are analyzed by altering geometry effects and material parameters, and by crossing the upper Reststrahlen band of hBN from the wavevector k = 1,300 to 1,500 cm-1. Furthermore, crosstalk between adjacent waveguides are investigated to assess the degree of integration. The proposed idea not only provides a potential approach for designing tunable and large-area photonic integrated circuits, but it also has the potential to be extended to other 2D materials such as silicone, germanene, and stanene.
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7
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Matsko NL, Kruglov IA. Plasmon-Polariton Modes in Fullerenes. J Phys Chem Lett 2021; 12:11873-11877. [PMID: 34874724 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.1c03185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
It is well-known that collective electronic excitations in fullerene C60 are manifested as Mie plasmons, and in graphene (the limiting case of an infinitely large fullerene), the collective excitations are of the plasmon-polariton type. How the properties of plasmons change in fullerenes with intermediate sizes is poorly understood. This problem is considered in the current paper in the framework of the GW approximation on the example of fullerenes C60, C240, and C540. The calculations predict that a high-frequency plasmon resonance begins to form in C240, and in C540, the intensity of this resonance becomes comparable to the intensity of Mie plasmon resonance. We associate this resonance with the incipient plasmon-polariton oscillations. The paper is the first identification and study of plasmon-polaritons in the excitation spectrum of fullerenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- N L Matsko
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, 9 Institutsky Lane, Dolgoprudny 141 700, Russia
- P.N. Lebedev Physical Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 53 Leninskiy Prospekt, 119 991 Moscow, Russia
| | - I A Kruglov
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, 9 Institutsky Lane, Dolgoprudny 141 700, Russia
- Dukhov Research Institute of Automatics (VNIIA), st. Sushchevskaya 22, Moscow 127 055, Russia
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8
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Huang CC, Huang CC. Terahertz hybrid plasmonic waveguides with ultra-long propagation lengths based on multilayer graphene-dielectric stacks. OPTICS EXPRESS 2021; 29:39521-39535. [PMID: 34809315 DOI: 10.1364/oe.440797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
To develop on-chip photonic devices capable of transmitting terahertz signals beyond the propagation distance of millimeter while keeping deep subwavelength field confinement has been a challenging task. Herein, we propose a novel multilayer graphene-based hybrid plasmonic waveguide (MLGHPW) consisting of a cylindrical dielectric waveguide and hyperbolic metamaterials. The device is based on alternating graphene and dielectric layers on a rib substrate, operating in the terahertz range (f = 3 THz). We couple the fundamental dielectric waveguide mode with the fundamental volume plasmon polarition modes originated from the coupling of plasmon polaritons at individual graphene sheets. The resulting hybrid mode shows ultra-low loss compared with the conventional GHPW modes at the comparable mode sizes. The present MLGHPW demonstrated a few millimeters of propagation length while keeping the mode area of 10-3A0, where A0 is the diffraction-limited area, thus possessing a thirty times larger figure of merit (FoM) compared to other GHPWs. The additional degree of freedom (the number of graphene layers) makes the proposed MLGHPW more flexible to control the mode properties. We investigated the geometry and physical parameters of the device and identified optimal FoM. Moreover, we analyzed the crosstalk between waveguides and confirmed the potential to construct compact on-chip terahertz devices. The present design might have the possible extensibility to other graphene-like materials, like silicene, germanen, stanene etc.
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9
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Huang CC, Chang RJ, Cheng CW. Ultra-Low-Loss Mid-Infrared Plasmonic Waveguides Based on Multilayer Graphene Metamaterials. NANOMATERIALS 2021; 11:nano11112981. [PMID: 34835745 PMCID: PMC8626059 DOI: 10.3390/nano11112981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Revised: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Manipulating optical signals in the mid-infrared (mid-IR) range is a highly desired task for applications in chemical sensing, thermal imaging, and subwavelength optical waveguiding. To guide highly confined mid-IR light in photonic chips, graphene-based plasmonics capable of breaking the optical diffraction limit offer a promising solution. However, the propagation lengths of these materials are, to date, limited to approximately 10 µm at the working frequency f = 20 THz. In this study, we proposed a waveguide structure consisting of multilayer graphene metamaterials (MLGMTs). The MLGMTs support the fundamental volume plasmon polariton mode by coupling plasmon polaritons at individual graphene sheets over a silicon nano-rib structure. Benefiting from the high conductivity of the MLGMTs, the guided mode shows ultralow loss compared with that of conventional graphene-based plasmonic waveguides at comparable mode sizes. The proposed design demonstrated propagation lengths of approximately 20 µm (four times the current limitations) at an extremely tight mode area of 10−6A0, where A0 is the diffraction-limited mode area. The dependence of modal characteristics on geometry and material parameters are investigated in detail to identify optimal device performance. Moreover, fabrication imperfections are also addressed to evaluate the robustness of the proposed structure. Moreover, the crosstalk between two adjacent present waveguides is also investigated to demonstrate the high mode confinement to realize high-density on-chip devices. The present design offers a potential waveguiding approach for building tunable and large-area photonic integrated circuits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Chien Huang
- Institute of Nanoscience, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan
- Department of Physics, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan; (R.-J.C.); (C.-W.C.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Ruei-Jan Chang
- Department of Physics, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan; (R.-J.C.); (C.-W.C.)
| | - Ching-Wen Cheng
- Department of Physics, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan; (R.-J.C.); (C.-W.C.)
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10
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Iurov A, Zhemchuzhna L, Gumbs G, Huang D, Fekete P, Anwar F, Dahal D, Weekes N. Tailoring plasmon excitations in [Formula: see text] armchair nanoribbons. Sci Rep 2021; 11:20577. [PMID: 34663854 PMCID: PMC8523740 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-99596-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
We have calculated and investigated the electronic states, dynamical polarization function and the plasmon excitations for [Formula: see text] nanoribbons with armchair-edge termination. The obtained plasmon dispersions are found to depend significantly on the number of atomic rows across the ribbon and the energy gap which is also determined by the nanoribbon geometry. The bandgap appears to have the strongest effect on both the plasmon dispersions and their Landau damping. We have determined the conditions when relative hopping parameter [Formula: see text] of an [Formula: see text] lattice has a strong effect on the plasmons which makes our material distinguished from graphene nanoribbons. Our results for the electronic and collective properties of [Formula: see text] nanoribbons are expected to find numerous applications in the development of the next-generation electronic, nano-optical and plasmonic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrii Iurov
- Department of Physics and Computer Science, Medgar Evers College of the City University of New York, Brooklyn, NY 11225 USA
| | - Liubov Zhemchuzhna
- Department of Physics and Computer Science, Medgar Evers College of the City University of New York, Brooklyn, NY 11225 USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Hunter College of the City University of New York, 695 Park Avenue, New York, NY 10065 USA
| | - Godfrey Gumbs
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Hunter College of the City University of New York, 695 Park Avenue, New York, NY 10065 USA
- Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC), P de Manuel Lardizabal, 4, 20018 San Sebastian, Basque Country Spain
| | - Danhong Huang
- Air Force Research Laboratory, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland Air Force Base, Albuquerque, NM 87117 USA
- Center for High Technology Materials, University of New Mexico, 1313 Goddard SE, Albuquerque, NM 87106 USA
| | - Paula Fekete
- US Military Academy at West Point, 606 Thayer Road, West Point, NY 10996 USA
| | - Farhana Anwar
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
| | - Dipendra Dahal
- Texas Center for Superconductivity and Department of Physics, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204 USA
| | - Nicholas Weekes
- Department of Physics and Computer Science, Medgar Evers College of the City University of New York, Brooklyn, NY 11225 USA
- Department of Information Systems and Cybersecurity, Grove School of Engineering, The City College of New York, 275 Convent Avenue, New York, NY 10031 USA
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11
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Do TN, Shih PH, Gumbs G, Huang D. Engineering plasmon modes and their loss in armchair graphene nanoribbons by selected edge-extended defects. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2021; 33:485001. [PMID: 34474404 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/ac2330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The effect of edge modification of armchair graphene nanoribbons (AGNRs) on the collective excitations are theoretically investigated. The tight-binding method is employed in conjunction with the dielectric function. Unconventional plasmon modes and their association with the flat bands of the specially designed AGNRs are thoroughly studied. We demonstrate the robust relationship between the novel collective excitations and both the type and period of the edge modification. Additionally, we reveal that the main features displayed in the (momentum, frequency)-phase diagrams for both single-particle and collective excitations of AGNRs can be efficiently tuned by edge-extended defects. Our obtained plasmon modes are found to be analogous to magnetoplasmons associated with collective excitations of Landau-quantized electrons. This work provides a unique way to engineer discrete magnetoplasmon-like modes of AGNRs in the absence of magnetic field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thi-Nga Do
- Department of Physics, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
| | - Po-Hsin Shih
- Department of Physics, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
| | - Godfrey Gumbs
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Hunter College of the City University of New York, 695 Park Avenue, New York, NY 10065, United States of America
| | - Danhong Huang
- US Air Force Research Laboratory, Space Vehicles Directorate (AFRL/RVSU), Kirtland Air Force Base, NM 87117, United States of America
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12
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Halle J, Néel N, Kröger J. Monolayer and Bilayer Graphene on Ru(0001): Layer-Specific and Moiré-Site-Dependent Phonon Excitations. J Phys Chem Lett 2021; 12:6889-6894. [PMID: 34279966 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.1c01802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Graphene phonons are excited by the local injection of electrons and holes from the tip of a scanning tunneling microscope. Despite the strong graphene-Ru(0001) hybridization, monolayer graphene unexpectedly exhibits pronounced phonon signatures in inelastic electron tunneling spectroscopy. Spatially resolved spectroscopy reveals that the strength of the phonon signal depends on the site of the moiré lattice with a substantial red-shift of phonon energies compared to those of free graphene. Bilayer graphene gives rise to more pronounced spectral signatures of vibrational quanta with energies nearly matching the free graphene phonon energies. Spectroscopy data of bilayer graphene indicate moreover the presence of a Dirac cone plasmon excitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Halle
- Institut für Physik, Technische Universität Ilmenau, D-98693 Ilmenau, Germany
| | - Nicolas Néel
- Institut für Physik, Technische Universität Ilmenau, D-98693 Ilmenau, Germany
| | - Jörg Kröger
- Institut für Physik, Technische Universität Ilmenau, D-98693 Ilmenau, Germany
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13
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Nong J, Wei W, Lan G, Luo P, Guo C, Yi J, Tang L. Resolved Infrared Spectroscopy of Aqueous Molecules Employing Tunable Graphene Plasmons in an Otto Prism. Anal Chem 2020; 92:15370-15378. [PMID: 32957772 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c02733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Real-time and in situ detection of aqueous solution is essential for bioanalysis and chemical reactions. However, it is extremely challenging for infrared microscopic measurement because of the large background of water absorption. Here, we proposed a wideband-tunable graphene plasmonic infrared biosensor to detect biomolecules in an aqueous environment, employing attenuated total reflection in an Otto prism configuration and tightly confined plasmons in graphene nanoribbons. Benefiting from the graphene plasmonic electric field enhancement, such a biosensor is able to identify the molecular chemical fingerprints without the interference of water absorption. As a proof of concept, the recombinant protein AG and goat anti-mouse immunoglobulin G (IgG) are used as the sensing analytes, of which the vibrational modes (1669 and 1532 cm-1) are very close to the OH-bending mode of water (1640 cm-1). Simulation results show that the fingerprints of protein molecules in the water environment can be selectively enhanced. Therefore, the water absorption is successfully suppressed so that two protein modes can be resolved by sweeping graphene Fermi energy in a wide waveband. By further optimizing the incident angle and graphene mobility to improve the mode energy of graphene plasmons, maximum enhancement factors of 112 and 130 can be achieved for amide I and II bands. Our work provides an effective approach for the highly sensitive and selective in situ identification of aqueous-phase molecular fingerprints in fields of healthcare, food safety, and biochemical sensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinpeng Nong
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Technology & Systems, Ministry of Education of China, College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Chongqing University, 400044 Chongqing, P. R. China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Multi-scale Manufacturing Technology, Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 400714 Chongqing, P. R. China
| | - Wei Wei
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Technology & Systems, Ministry of Education of China, College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Chongqing University, 400044 Chongqing, P. R. China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Multi-scale Manufacturing Technology, Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 400714 Chongqing, P. R. China
| | - Guilian Lan
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Technology & Systems, Ministry of Education of China, College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Chongqing University, 400044 Chongqing, P. R. China
| | - Peng Luo
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Technology & Systems, Ministry of Education of China, College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Chongqing University, 400044 Chongqing, P. R. China
| | - Caicheng Guo
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Technology & Systems, Ministry of Education of China, College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Chongqing University, 400044 Chongqing, P. R. China
| | - Juemin Yi
- Institut für Physik, Carl von Ossietzky Universität, D-26111 Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Linlong Tang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Multi-scale Manufacturing Technology, Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 400714 Chongqing, P. R. China
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14
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Liu HY, Lin SY, Wu JY. Stacking-configuration-enriched essential properties of bilayer graphenes and silicenes. J Chem Phys 2020; 153:154707. [PMID: 33092355 DOI: 10.1063/5.0024421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
First-principles calculations show that the geometric and electronic properties of silicene-related systems have diversified phenomena. Critical factors of group-IV monoelements, like buckled/planar structures, stacking configurations, layer numbers, and van der Waals interactions of bilayer composites, are considered simultaneously. The theoretical framework developed provides a concise physical and chemical picture. Delicate evaluations and analyses have been made on the optimal lattices, energy bands, and orbital-projected van Hove singularities. They provide decisive mechanisms, such as buckled/planar honeycomb lattices, multi-/single-orbital hybridizations, and significant/negligible spin-orbital couplings. We investigate the stacking-configuration-induced dramatic transformations of essential properties by relative shift in bilayer graphenes and silicenes. The lattice constant, interlayer distance, buckling height, and total energy essentially depend on the magnitude and direction of the relative shift: AA → AB → AA' → AA. Apparently, sliding bilayer systems are quite different between silicene and graphene in terms of geometric structures, electronic properties, orbital hybridizations, interlayer hopping integrals, and spin interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsin-Yi Liu
- Department of Physics/QTC/Hi-GEM, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Yang Lin
- Department of Physics, National Chung Cheng University, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Jhao-Ying Wu
- Center of General Studies, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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15
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Negative Effective Mass in Plasmonic Systems II: Elucidating the Optical and Acoustical Branches of Vibrations and the Possibility of Anti-Resonance Propagation. MATERIALS 2020; 13:ma13163512. [PMID: 32784869 PMCID: PMC7476018 DOI: 10.3390/ma13163512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Revised: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We report the negative effective mass metamaterials based on the electro-mechanical coupling exploiting plasma oscillations of free electron gas. The negative mass appears as a result of the vibration of a metallic particle with a frequency ω which is close to the frequency of the plasma oscillations of the electron gas m2, relative to the ionic lattice m1. The plasma oscillations are represented with the elastic spring constant k2=ωp2m2, where ωp is the plasma frequency. Thus, the metallic particle vibrating with the external frequency ω is described by the effective mass meff=m1+m2ωp2ωp2−ω2, which is negative when the frequency ω approaches ωp from above. The idea is exemplified with two conducting metals, namely Au and Li embedded in various matrices. We treated a one-dimensional lattice built from the metallic micro-elements meff connected by ideal springs with the elastic constant k1 representing various media such as polydimethylsiloxane and soda-lime glass. The optical and acoustical branches of longitudinal modes propagating through the lattice are elucidated for various ratios ω1ωp, where ω12=k1m1 and k1 represents the elastic properties of the medium. The 1D lattice, built from the thin metallic wires giving rise to low frequency plasmons, is treated. The possibility of the anti-resonant propagation, strengthening the effect of the negative mass occurring under ω = ωp = ω1, is addressed.
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16
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Abstract
The properties of the ballistic electron transport through a corrugated graphene system are analysed from the symmetry point of view. The corrugated system is modelled by a curved surface (an arc of a circle) connected from both sides to flat sheets. The spin–orbit couplings, induced by the curvature, give rise to equivalence between the transmission (reflection) probabilities of the transmitted (reflected) electrons with the opposite spin polarisation, incoming from opposite system sides. We find two integrals of motion that explain the chiral electron transport in the considered system.
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17
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Zhao L, Wang Y, Li Y. Antioxidant Activity of Graphene Quantum Dots Prepared in Different Electrolyte Environments. NANOMATERIALS 2019; 9:nano9121708. [PMID: 31795321 PMCID: PMC6955962 DOI: 10.3390/nano9121708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2019] [Revised: 11/24/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Antioxidants can reduce or inhibit damage such as oxidative decay caused by elevated levels of free radicals. Therefore, pursuing antioxidants with excellent properties has attracted more and more attention. Graphene quantum dots (GQDs) are considered a promising material because of their good free radical scavenging activity, low toxicity, and excellent water solubility. However, their scavenging efficiency, antioxidant mechanism, and effective control methods need to be improved. Herein, in order to further reveal the antioxidant mechanism of GQDs, the role of electrolytes in improving the antioxidant activity of GQDs is explored. In addition, 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrazine (DPPH∙), hydroxyl (∙OH), and superoxide (∙O2−) free radicals are used to evaluate the antioxidant activity of the as-prepared GQDs. Combined with transmission electron microscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and cyclic volt–ampere characteristic curves, the effects of an electrolytic environment on the surface functional groups, charge transfer capability, and defect states of GQDs are obtained. The antioxidant mechanism of GQDs and how to improve their antioxidant activity are further elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yan Li
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-1062332666
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18
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Hada M, Miyata K, Ohmura S, Arashida Y, Ichiyanagi K, Katayama I, Suzuki T, Chen W, Mizote S, Sawa T, Yokoya T, Seki T, Matsuo J, Tokunaga T, Itoh C, Tsuruta K, Fukaya R, Nozawa S, Adachi SI, Takeda J, Onda K, Koshihara SY, Hayashi Y, Nishina Y. Selective Reduction Mechanism of Graphene Oxide Driven by the Photon Mode versus the Thermal Mode. ACS NANO 2019; 13:10103-10112. [PMID: 31450883 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.9b03060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
A two-dimensional nanocarbon, graphene, has attracted substantial interest due to its excellent properties. The reduction of graphene oxide (GO) has been investigated for the mass production of graphene used in practical applications. Different reduction processes produce different properties in graphene, affecting the performance of the final materials or devices. Therefore, an understanding of the mechanisms of GO reduction is important for controlling the properties of functional two-dimensional systems. Here, we determined the average structure of reduced GO prepared via heating and photoexcitation and clearly distinguished their reduction mechanisms using ultrafast time-resolved electron diffraction, time-resolved infrared vibrational spectroscopy, and time-dependent density functional theory calculations. The oxygen atoms of epoxy groups are selectively removed from the basal plane of GO by photoexcitation (photon mode), in stark contrast to the behavior observed for the thermal reduction of hydroxyl and epoxy groups (thermal mode). The difference originates from the selective excitation of epoxy bonds via an electronic transition due to their antibonding character. This work will enable the preparation of the optimum GO for the intended applications and expands the application scope of two-dimensional systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaki Hada
- Tsukuba Research Center for Interdisciplinary Materials Science, Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences , University of Tsukuba , Tsukuba 305-8573 , Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Miyata
- Faculty of Science , Kyushu University , Fukuoka 819-0395 , Japan
| | - Satoshi Ohmura
- Faculty of Engineering , Hiroshima Institute of Technology , Hiroshima 731-5193 , Japan
| | - Yusuke Arashida
- Graduate School of Engineering , Yokohama National University , Yokohama 240-8501 , Japan
| | - Kohei Ichiyanagi
- High Energy Accelerator Research Organization , Tsukuba 305-0801 , Japan
| | - Ikufumi Katayama
- Graduate School of Engineering , Yokohama National University , Yokohama 240-8501 , Japan
| | - Takayuki Suzuki
- Graduate School of Engineering , Yokohama National University , Yokohama 240-8501 , Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Tomoharu Tokunaga
- Graduate School of Engineering , Nagoya University , Nagoya 464-0814 , Japan
| | - Chihiro Itoh
- Faculty of System Engineering , Wakayama University , Wakayama 640-8510 , Japan
| | | | - Ryo Fukaya
- High Energy Accelerator Research Organization , Tsukuba 305-0801 , Japan
| | - Shunsuke Nozawa
- High Energy Accelerator Research Organization , Tsukuba 305-0801 , Japan
| | - Shin-Ichi Adachi
- High Energy Accelerator Research Organization , Tsukuba 305-0801 , Japan
| | - Jun Takeda
- Graduate School of Engineering , Yokohama National University , Yokohama 240-8501 , Japan
| | - Ken Onda
- Faculty of Science , Kyushu University , Fukuoka 819-0395 , Japan
| | - Shin-Ya Koshihara
- School of Science , Tokyo Institute of Technology , Tokyo 152-8551 , Japan
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19
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Geelen D, Jobst J, Krasovskii EE, van der Molen SJ, Tromp RM. Nonuniversal Transverse Electron Mean Free Path through Few-layer Graphene. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2019; 123:086802. [PMID: 31491219 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.123.086802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In contrast to the in-plane transport electron mean-free path in graphene, the transverse mean-free path has received little attention and is often assumed to follow the "universal" mean-free path (MFP) curve broadly adopted in surface and interface science. Here we directly measure transverse electron scattering through graphene from 0 to 25 eV above the vacuum level both in reflection using low energy electron microscopy and in transmission using electronvolt transmission electron microscopy. From these data, we obtain quantitative MFPs for both elastic and inelastic scattering. Even at the lowest energies, the total MFP is just a few graphene layers and the elastic MFP oscillates with graphene layer number, both refuting the universal curve. A full theoretical calculation taking the graphene band structure into consideration agrees well with experiment, while the key experimental results are reproduced even by a simple optical toy model.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Geelen
- Huygens-Kamerlingh Onnes Laboratorium, Leiden Institute of Physics, Leiden University, Niels Bohrweg 2, P.O. Box 9504, NL-2300 RA Leiden, Netherlands
| | - J Jobst
- Huygens-Kamerlingh Onnes Laboratorium, Leiden Institute of Physics, Leiden University, Niels Bohrweg 2, P.O. Box 9504, NL-2300 RA Leiden, Netherlands
| | - E E Krasovskii
- Departamento de Física de Materiales, Universidad del Pais Vasco UPV/EHU, 20080 San Sebastián/Donostia, Spain
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, E-48013 Bilbao, Spain
- Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC), E-20018 San Sebastián, Spain
| | - S J van der Molen
- Huygens-Kamerlingh Onnes Laboratorium, Leiden Institute of Physics, Leiden University, Niels Bohrweg 2, P.O. Box 9504, NL-2300 RA Leiden, Netherlands
| | - R M Tromp
- Huygens-Kamerlingh Onnes Laboratorium, Leiden Institute of Physics, Leiden University, Niels Bohrweg 2, P.O. Box 9504, NL-2300 RA Leiden, Netherlands
- IBM T. J. Watson Research Center, 1101 Kitchawan Road, P.O. Box 218, Yorktown Heights, New York, New York 10598, USA
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20
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Omar NAS, Fen YW, Saleviter S, Daniyal WMEMM, Anas NAA, Ramdzan NSM, Roshidi MDA. Development of a Graphene-Based Surface Plasmon Resonance Optical Sensor Chip for Potential Biomedical Application. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2019; 12:E1928. [PMID: 31207960 PMCID: PMC6631188 DOI: 10.3390/ma12121928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Revised: 05/16/2019] [Accepted: 05/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The emergence of unintentional poisoning and uncontrolled vector diseases have contributed to sensor technologies development, leading to the more effective detection of diseases. In this study, we present the combination of graphene-based material with surface plasmon resonance technique. Two different graphene-based material sensor chips were prepared for rapid and quantitative detection of dengue virus (DENV) and cobalt ion (Co2+) as an example of typical metal ions. As the fundamental concept of surface plasmon resonance (SPR) sensor that relies on the refractive index of the sensor chip surface, this research focused on the SPR signal when the DENV and Co2+ interact with the graphene-based material sensor chip. The results demonstrated that the proposed sensor-based graphene layer was able to detect DENV and Co2+ as low as 0.1 pM and 0.1 ppm respectively. Further details in the detection and quantification of analyte were also discussed in terms of sensitivity, affinity, and selectivity of the sensor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nur Alia Sheh Omar
- Institute of Advanced Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang, 43400 Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Yap Wing Fen
- Institute of Advanced Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang, 43400 Selangor, Malaysia.
- Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang, 43400 Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Silvan Saleviter
- Institute of Advanced Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang, 43400 Selangor, Malaysia.
| | | | - Nur Ain Asyiqin Anas
- Institute of Advanced Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang, 43400 Selangor, Malaysia.
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21
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Graphene-Coated Elliptical Nanowires for Low Loss Subwavelength Terahertz Transmission. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/app9112351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Graphene has been recently proposed as a promising alternative to support surface plasmons with its superior performances in terahertz and mid-infrared range. Here, we propose a graphene-coated elliptical nanowire (GCENW) structure for subwavelength terahertz waveguiding. The mode properties and their dependence on frequency, nanowire size, permittivity and chemical potential of graphene are studied in detail by using a finite element method, they are also compared with the graphene-coated circular nanowires (GCCNWs). Results showed that the ratio of the long and short axes (b/a) of the elliptical nanowire had significant influence on mode properties, they also showed that a propagation length over 200 μm and a normalized mode area of approximately 10−4~10−3 could be obtained. Increasing b/a could simultaneously achieve both long propagation length and very small full width at half maximum (FWHM) of the focal spots. When b/a = 10, a pair of focal spots about 40 nm could be obtained. Results also showed that the GCENW had a better waveguiding performance when compared with the corresponding GCCNWs. The manipulation of Terahertz (THz) waves at a subwavelength scale using graphene plasmon (GP) may lead to applications in tunable THz components, imaging, and nanophotonics.
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22
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Teng D, Wang K, Li Z, Zhao Y. Graphene-coated nanowire dimers for deep subwavelength waveguiding in mid-infrared range. OPTICS EXPRESS 2019; 27:12458-12469. [PMID: 31052785 DOI: 10.1364/oe.27.012458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, we show that the graphene-coated nanowire dimers could enable outstanding waveguiding performance in the mid-infrared range. The propagating properties of the fundamental graphene plasmon mode and their dependence on the nanowire radius, gap distance, nanowire permittivity and chemical potential of graphene are revealed in detail and compared with the graphene-coated circular nanowire. By improving the geometric parameters and the surface conductivity of graphene, the propagation length could reach about 9 μm, which is larger than that of the graphene-coated circular nanowire plasmon mode. Meanwhile, the effective mode area is only 10-4A0, which is one order of magnitude smaller than that of the graphene-coated circular nanowire plasmon mode. Theoretically, the propagation length could be further enhanced by increasing the chemical potential. Besides, the proposed graphene-coated nanowire dimers show quite good fabrication tolerance. The manipulation of mid-infrared waves at the deep subwavelength scale using graphene plasmons may offer potential applications in tunable integrated nanophotonic devices and infrared sensing.
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23
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Maia FCB, O'Callahan BT, Cadore AR, Barcelos ID, Campos LC, Watanabe K, Taniguchi T, Deneke C, Belyanin A, Raschke MB, Freitas RO. Anisotropic Flow Control and Gate Modulation of Hybrid Phonon-Polaritons. NANO LETTERS 2019; 19:708-715. [PMID: 30668122 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.8b03732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Light-matter interaction in two-dimensional photonic or phononic materials allows for the confinement and manipulation of free-space radiation at sub-wavelength scales. Most notably, the van der Waals heterostructure composed of graphene (G) and hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) provides for gate-tunable hybrid hyperbolic plasmon phonon-polaritons (HP3). Here, we present the anisotropic flow control and gate-voltage modulation of HP3 modes in G-hBN on an air-Au microstructured substrate. Using broadband infrared synchrotron radiation coupled to a scattering-type near-field optical microscope, we launch HP3 waves in both hBN Reststrahlen bands and observe directional propagation across in-plane heterointerfaces created at the air-Au junction. The HP3 hybridization is modulated by varying the gate voltage between graphene and Au. This modifies the coupling of continuum graphene plasmons with the discrete hBN hyperbolic phonon polaritons, which is described by an extended Fano model. This work represents the first demonstration of the control of polariton propagation, introducing a theoretical approach to describe the breaking of the reflection and transmission symmetry for HP3 modes. Our findings augment the degree of control of polaritons in G-hBN and related hyperbolic metamaterial nanostructures, bringing new opportunities for on-chip nano-optics communication and computing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco C B Maia
- Brazilian Synchrotron Light Laboratory (LNLS) , Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM) , 13083-970 Campinas , Sao Paulo , Brazil
| | - Brian T O'Callahan
- Department of Physics, Department of Chemistry, and JILA , University of Colorado , Boulder , Colorado 80309 , United States
| | - Alisson R Cadore
- Department of Physics , Federal University of Minas Gerais , 30123-970 Belo Horizonte , Minas Gerais , Brazil
| | - Ingrid D Barcelos
- Brazilian Synchrotron Light Laboratory (LNLS) , Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM) , 13083-970 Campinas , Sao Paulo , Brazil
- Department of Physics , Federal University of Minas Gerais , 30123-970 Belo Horizonte , Minas Gerais , Brazil
| | - Leonardo C Campos
- Department of Physics , Federal University of Minas Gerais , 30123-970 Belo Horizonte , Minas Gerais , Brazil
| | - Kenji Watanabe
- National Institute for Materials Science , Namiki 305-0044 , Japan
| | | | - Christoph Deneke
- Brazilian Nanotechnology National Laboratory (LNNano) , Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM) , 13083-970 Campinas , Sao Paulo , Brazil
- Applied Physics Department, Gleb Wataghin Physics Institute , University of Campinas (Unicamp) , 13083-859 Campinas , Sao Paolo , Brazil
| | - Alexey Belyanin
- Department of Physics & Astronomy , Texas A&M University , College Station , Texas 77843-4242 , United States
| | - Markus B Raschke
- Department of Physics, Department of Chemistry, and JILA , University of Colorado , Boulder , Colorado 80309 , United States
| | - Raul O Freitas
- Brazilian Synchrotron Light Laboratory (LNLS) , Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM) , 13083-970 Campinas , Sao Paulo , Brazil
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24
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Cai Y, Xu KD, Feng N, Guo R, Lin H, Zhu J. Anisotropic infrared plasmonic broadband absorber based on graphene-black phosphorus multilayers. OPTICS EXPRESS 2019; 27:3101-3112. [PMID: 30732336 DOI: 10.1364/oe.27.003101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2018] [Accepted: 01/19/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Two-dimensional materials (2DMs) such as graphene and black phosphorus (BP) have aroused considerable attentions in the past few years. Engineering and enhancing their light-matter interaction is possible due to their support for localized surface plasmon resonances in the infrared regime. In this paper, we have proposed an infrared broadband absorber consisting of multilayer graphene-BP nanoparticles sandwiched between dielectric layers. Benefiting from the properties of graphene and BP, the absorber exhibits both perfect broadband responses and strong anisotropy beyond individual graphene and BP layers. The absorber is tunable with the variation of geometric parameters as well as the doping levels of graphene and BP. The physical insight is revealed by electric field distributions. Furthermore, the angular robustness for incident wave is investigated. The proposed anisotropic omnidirectional broadband absorber may have promising potential applications in various biosensing, communication and imaging systems.
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25
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Cheng G, Wang D, Dai S, Fan X, Wu F, Li X, Zeng C. Nano-imaging of an edge-excited plasmon mode in graphene. NANOSCALE 2018; 10:16314-16320. [PMID: 30129966 DOI: 10.1039/c8nr04623a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The idea of squeezing optical field intensity into nanoscopic dimensions can be achieved through plasmon polaritons, where the prerequisite is to bridge the unmatched momentum of plasmons and free-space photons. Conventionally, complicated subwavelength structures or artificial dipole nanostructures are adopted to impart the necessary momentum for the plasmon excitation. In this work, we show that by using the near-field imaging technique, the plasmon can be launched directly from the edge of graphene lying on the high-κ oxide substrates when illuminated by an infrared light. In addition, we show that such an edge-excited mode can be remarkably tailored by changing the angle between the graphene edge and the incident light field. Further theoretical analysis reveals the strength of the edge-excited mode and its superposition with a tip-excited mode and an edge localized mode. We attribute our findings to the reduced Coulomb scattering and phonon scattering in graphene, allowing the edge-excited mode to be identified. The conceptual edge "antenna" is found to be a very convenient approach to initiate plasmons in two-dimensional systems, which opens up a compelling route for realising nanophotonic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanghui Cheng
- International Center for Quantum Design of Functional Materials, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, and Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China.
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26
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Yang JJ, Cheng YZ, Ge CC, Gong RZ. Broadband Polarization Conversion Metasurface Based on Metal Cut-Wire Structure for Radar Cross Section Reduction. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2018; 11:E626. [PMID: 29671755 PMCID: PMC5951510 DOI: 10.3390/ma11040626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2018] [Revised: 04/12/2018] [Accepted: 04/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
A class of linear polarization conversion coding metasurfaces (MSs) based on a metal cut-wire structure is proposed, which can be applied to the reduction properties of radar cross section (RCS). We firstly present a hypothesis based on the principle of planar array theory, and then verify the RCS reduction characteristics using linear polarization conversion coding MSs by simulations and experiments. The simulated results show that in the frequency range of 6⁻14 GHz, the linear polarization conversion ratio reaches a maximum value of 90%, which is in good agreement with the theoretical predictions. For normal incident x- and y-polarized waves, RCS reduction of designed coding MSs 01/01 and 01/10 is essentially more than 10 dB in the above-mentioned frequency range. We prepare and measure the 01/10 coding MS sample, and find that the experimental results in terms of reflectance and RCS reduction are in good agreement with the simulated ones under normal incidence. In addition, under oblique incidence, RCS reduction is suppressed as the angle of incidence increases, but still exhibits RCS reduction effects in a certain frequency range. The designed MS is expected to have valuable potential in applications for stealth field technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Ji Yang
- School of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China.
| | - Yong Zhi Cheng
- School of Information Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430081, China.
| | - Chen Chen Ge
- School of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China.
| | - Rong Zhou Gong
- School of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China.
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27
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Hu X, Yasaei P, Jokisaari J, Öğüt S, Salehi-Khojin A, Klie RF. Mapping Thermal Expansion Coefficients in Freestanding 2D Materials at the Nanometer Scale. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2018; 120:055902. [PMID: 29481159 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.120.055902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2017] [Revised: 12/15/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Two-dimensional materials, including graphene, transition metal dichalcogenides and their heterostructures, exhibit great potential for a variety of applications, such as transistors, spintronics, and photovoltaics. While the miniaturization offers remarkable improvements in electrical performance, heat dissipation and thermal mismatch can be a problem in designing electronic devices based on two-dimensional materials. Quantifying the thermal expansion coefficient of 2D materials requires temperature measurements at nanometer scale. Here, we introduce a novel nanometer-scale thermometry approach to measure temperature and quantify the thermal expansion coefficients in 2D materials based on scanning transmission electron microscopy combined with electron energy-loss spectroscopy to determine the energy shift of the plasmon resonance peak of 2D materials as a function of sample temperature. By combining these measurements with first-principles modeling, the thermal expansion coefficients (TECs) of single-layer and freestanding graphene and bulk, as well as monolayer MoS_{2}, MoSe_{2}, WS_{2}, or WSe_{2}, are directly determined and mapped.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Hu
- Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607, USA
| | - Poya Yasaei
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607, USA
| | - Jacob Jokisaari
- Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607, USA
| | - Serdar Öğüt
- Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607, USA
| | - Amin Salehi-Khojin
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607, USA
| | - Robert F Klie
- Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607, USA
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28
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Synthesis and Electrochemical Properties of Two-Dimensional RGO/Ti₃C₂T x Nanocomposites. NANOMATERIALS 2018; 8:nano8020080. [PMID: 29385083 PMCID: PMC5853712 DOI: 10.3390/nano8020080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2018] [Revised: 01/25/2018] [Accepted: 01/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
MXene is a new type of two-dimensional layered material. Herein, a GO/Ti3C2Tx nanocomposite was prepared by a simple liquid phase method, and the obtained GO/Ti3C2Tx was transformed into RGO/Ti3C2Tx under high temperature with Ar/H2. The prepared samples were characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman measurement, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy disperse spectroscopy (EDS), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). As an electrode material in lithium-ion batteries, the RGO/Ti3C2Tx nanocomposite exhibited an excellent electrochemical performance and an excellent rate performance. Compared to pure Ti3C2Tx, the nanocomposite had a better reversible capacity at different current densities and had no attenuation after 200 cycles, which is one time higher than pure Ti3C2Tx. The improvement in the specific capacity was due to the excellent electrical conductivity and the unique structure of RGO, in which a charge transfer bridge was built among the Ti3C2Tx flakes. Such a bridge shortened the transmission distance of the electrons and ions and effectively controlled the restacking of the laminated materials.
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29
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Didar BR, Khosravian H, Balbuena PB. Temperature effect on the nucleation of graphene on Cu (111). RSC Adv 2018; 8:27825-27831. [PMID: 35542706 PMCID: PMC9083936 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra05478a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2018] [Accepted: 07/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Repeated thermal cycling by using an organic precursor is shown to be a successful technique for growing graphene on metal substrates. Having control on this process is of vital importance in producing large areas of high quality graphene with well-ordered surface characteristics, which leads us to investigate the effect of temperature on the microscopic mechanisms behind this process. Apart from being an important factor in the dissociation of the organic precursor and promoting the reactions taking place on the surface of the catalyst, temperature also plays a major role in the structure of the catalyst surface. First, we used eight thermal cycles to successfully grow graphene on the surface of Cu (111). Then, we employed Ab Initio Molecular Dynamics (AIMD) simulations to study graphene island alignment evolution at two temperatures. The results shed light on our experimental observations and those reported in the literature and point to the effectiveness of controlled thermal cycling in producing high quality graphene sheets on transition metal catalyst surfaces. Repeated thermal cycling by using an organic precursor is shown to be a successful technique for growing graphene on metal substrates.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Behnaz Rahmani Didar
- Artie McFerrin Department of Chemical Engineering
- Texas A&M University
- College Station
- USA
| | - Homa Khosravian
- Artie McFerrin Department of Chemical Engineering
- Texas A&M University
- College Station
- USA
| | - Perla B. Balbuena
- Artie McFerrin Department of Chemical Engineering
- Texas A&M University
- College Station
- USA
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Preparation of a highly active palladium nanoparticle/polyoxometalate/reduced graphene oxide nanocomposite by a simple photoreduction method and its application to the electrooxidation of ethylene glycol and glycerol. Electrochem commun 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.elecom.2017.08.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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31
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Djordjević T, Radović I, Despoja V, Lyon K, Borka D, Mišković ZL. Analytical modeling of electron energy loss spectroscopy of graphene: Ab initio study versus extended hydrodynamic model. Ultramicroscopy 2017; 184:134-142. [PMID: 28888108 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultramic.2017.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2017] [Revised: 08/12/2017] [Accepted: 08/29/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
We present an analytical modeling of the electron energy loss (EEL) spectroscopy data for free-standing graphene obtained by scanning transmission electron microscope. The probability density for energy loss of fast electrons traversing graphene under normal incidence is evaluated using an optical approximation based on the conductivity of graphene given in the local, i.e., frequency-dependent form derived by both a two-dimensional, two-fluid extended hydrodynamic (eHD) model and an ab initio method. We compare the results for the real and imaginary parts of the optical conductivity in graphene obtained by these two methods. The calculated probability density is directly compared with the EEL spectra from three independent experiments and we find very good agreement, especially in the case of the eHD model. Furthermore, we point out that the subtraction of the zero-loss peak from the experimental EEL spectra has a strong influence on the analytical model for the EEL spectroscopy data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tijana Djordjević
- Vinča Institute of Nuclear Sciences, University of Belgrade, P.O. Box 522, Belgrade 11001, Serbia
| | - Ivan Radović
- Vinča Institute of Nuclear Sciences, University of Belgrade, P.O. Box 522, Belgrade 11001, Serbia.
| | - Vito Despoja
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Bijenička c. 32, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
| | - Keenan Lyon
- Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Duško Borka
- Vinča Institute of Nuclear Sciences, University of Belgrade, P.O. Box 522, Belgrade 11001, Serbia
| | - Zoran L Mišković
- Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada; Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
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32
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Bahrami M, Vasilopoulos P. Exchange, correlation, and scattering effects on surface plasmons in arm-chair graphene nanoribbons. OPTICS EXPRESS 2017; 25:16840-16853. [PMID: 28789183 DOI: 10.1364/oe.25.016840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2017] [Accepted: 06/28/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Using Maxwell's equations for the incoming and outgoing electromagnetic field, in interaction with a metallic arm-chair graphene nanoribbon (AGNR), and the relationship between the density-density response function and the conductivity, we study surface plasmons (SPs) in a AGNR following the Lindhard, random-phase approximation (RPA), and Hubbard approaches. For transverse magnetic (TM) modes we obtain analytical dispersion relations (DRs) valid for q ≤ kF and assess their width dependence. In all approaches we include screening. In the long-wavelength limit q → 0 there is a small but noticeable difference between the DRs of the three approaches. In this limit the respective, scattering-free conductivities differ drastically from those obtained when scattering by impurities is included. We demonstrate that the SP field is proportional to the square of the quality factor Q. The reflection amplitude shows that metallic AGNRs do not support Brewster angles. In addition, AGNRs do not support transverse electric (TE) SPs.
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Iurov A, Gumbs G, Huang D. Temperature-dependent collective effects for silicene and germanene. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2017; 29:135602. [PMID: 28207420 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/29/13/135602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
We have numerically calculated electron exchange and correlation energies and dynamical polarization functions for recently discovered silicene, germanene and other buckled honeycomb lattices at various temperatures. We have compared the dependence of these energies on the chemical potential, field-induced gap and temperature and we have concluded that in many cases they behave qualitatively in a similar way, i.e. increasing with the doping, decreasing significantly at elevated temperatures, and displaying different dependences on the asymmetry gap at various temperatures. Furthermore, we have used the dynamical polarizability to study the 'split' plasmon branches in the buckled lattices and predicted a unique splitting, different from that in gapped graphene, for various energy gaps. Our results are crucial for stimulating electronic, transport and collective studies of silicene and germanene, as well as for enhancing silicene-based fabrication and technologies for photovoltaics and transistor devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrii Iurov
- Center for High Technology Materials, University of New Mexico, 1313 Goddard SE, Albuquerque, NM, 87106, United States of America
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34
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Abstract
Two-dimensional nanocomposites with magnetic and optical properties were investigated for novel magneto-optical (MO) applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaewook Lee
- Department of Cogno-Mechanical Engineering
- Pusan National University
- Busan 609-735
- Republic of Korea
- Research Institute of Green Science and Technology
| | - Jaebeom Lee
- Department of Cogno-Mechanical Engineering
- Pusan National University
- Busan 609-735
- Republic of Korea
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35
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Jang YH, Jang YJ, Kim S, Quan LN, Chung K, Kim DH. Plasmonic Solar Cells: From Rational Design to Mechanism Overview. Chem Rev 2016; 116:14982-15034. [PMID: 28027647 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.6b00302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 261] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Plasmonic effects have been proposed as a solution to overcome the limited light absorption in thin-film photovoltaic devices, and various types of plasmonic solar cells have been developed. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the state-of-the-art progress on the design and fabrication of plasmonic solar cells and their enhancement mechanism. The working principle is first addressed in terms of the combined effects of plasmon decay, scattering, near-field enhancement, and plasmonic energy transfer, including direct hot electron transfer and resonant energy transfer. Then, we summarize recent developments for various types of plasmonic solar cells based on silicon, dye-sensitized, organic photovoltaic, and other types of solar cells, including quantum dot and perovskite variants. We also address several issues regarding the limitations of plasmonic nanostructures, including their electrical, chemical, and physical stability, charge recombination, narrowband absorption, and high cost. Next, we propose a few potentially useful approaches that can improve the performance of plasmonic cells, such as the inclusion of graphene plasmonics, plasmon-upconversion coupling, and coupling between fluorescence resonance energy transfer and plasmon resonance energy transfer. This review is concluded with remarks on future prospects for plasmonic solar cell use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoon Hee Jang
- Department of Chemistry and Nano Science, School of Natural Sciences, Ewha Womans University , 52, Ewhayeodae-gil, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Yu Jin Jang
- Department of Chemistry and Nano Science, School of Natural Sciences, Ewha Womans University , 52, Ewhayeodae-gil, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Seokhyoung Kim
- Department of Chemistry and Nano Science, School of Natural Sciences, Ewha Womans University , 52, Ewhayeodae-gil, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Li Na Quan
- Department of Chemistry and Nano Science, School of Natural Sciences, Ewha Womans University , 52, Ewhayeodae-gil, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyungwha Chung
- Department of Chemistry and Nano Science, School of Natural Sciences, Ewha Womans University , 52, Ewhayeodae-gil, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Ha Kim
- Department of Chemistry and Nano Science, School of Natural Sciences, Ewha Womans University , 52, Ewhayeodae-gil, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
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36
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Abstract
In this review, we survey recent advances in the field of molecular plasmonics beyond the traditional sensing modality. Molecular plasmonics is explored in the context of the complex interaction between plasmon resonances and molecules and the ability of molecules to support plasmons self-consistently. First, spectroscopic changes induced by the interaction between molecular and plasmonic resonances are discussed, followed by examples of how tuning molecular properties leads to active molecular plasmonic systems. Next, the role of the position and polarizability of a molecular adsorbate on surface-enhanced Raman scattering signals is examined experimentally and theoretically. Finally, we introduce recent research focused on using molecules as plasmonic materials. Each of these examples is intended to highlight the role of molecules as integral components in coupled molecule-plasmon systems, as well as to show the diversity of applications in molecular plasmonics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J Wilson
- Department of Chemistry, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122;
| | - Katherine A Willets
- Department of Chemistry, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122;
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37
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Cheng Y, Yang J, Lu Q, Tang H, Huang M. Molecular Spectrum Capture by Tuning the Chemical Potential of Graphene. SENSORS 2016; 16:s16060773. [PMID: 27240372 PMCID: PMC4934199 DOI: 10.3390/s16060773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2016] [Revised: 05/12/2016] [Accepted: 05/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Due to its adjustable electronic properties and effective excitation of surface plasmons in the infrared and terahertz frequency range, research on graphene has attracted a great deal of attention. Here, we demonstrate that plasmon modes in graphene-coated dielectric nanowire (GNW) waveguides can be excited by a monolayer graphene ribbon. What is more the transverse resonant frequency spectrum of the GNW can be flexibly tuned by adjusting the chemical potential of graphene, and amplitude of the resonance peak varies linearly with the imaginary part of the analyte permittivity. As a consequence, the GNW works as a probe for capturing the molecular spectrum. Broadband sensing of toluene, ethanol and sulfurous anhydride thin layers is demonstrated by calculating the changes in spectral intensity of the propagating mode and the results show that the intensity spectra correspond exactly to the infrared spectra of these molecules. This may open an effective avenue to design sensors for detecting nanometric-size molecules in the terahertz and infrared regimes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Cheng
- Wireless Innovation Lab of Yunnan University, School of Information Science and Engineering, Kunming 650091, Yunnan, China.
| | - Jingjing Yang
- Wireless Innovation Lab of Yunnan University, School of Information Science and Engineering, Kunming 650091, Yunnan, China.
| | - Qiannan Lu
- Wireless Innovation Lab of Yunnan University, School of Information Science and Engineering, Kunming 650091, Yunnan, China.
| | - Hao Tang
- Radio Monitoring Center of Yunnan Province, Kunming 650228, Yunnan, China.
| | - Ming Huang
- Wireless Innovation Lab of Yunnan University, School of Information Science and Engineering, Kunming 650091, Yunnan, China.
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38
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Yan J, Liu P, Ma C, Lin Z, Yang G. Plasmonic near-touching titanium oxide nanoparticles to realize solar energy harvesting and effective local heating. NANOSCALE 2016; 8:8826-8838. [PMID: 27067248 DOI: 10.1039/c6nr01295g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Through the excitation of plasmon resonance, the energy of plasmonic nanoparticles either reradiates through light scattering or decays into energetic electrons (absorption). The plasmon-induced absorption can greatly enhance the efficiency of solar energy harvesting, local heating, photodetection and photocatalysis. Here, we demonstrate that heavily self-doped titanium oxide nanoparticles (TiO1.67 analogue arising from oxygen vacancies in rutile TiO2) with the plasmon resonance dominated by an interband transition shows strong absorption to build a broadband perfect absorber in the wavelength range from 300 to 2000 nm covering the solar irradiation spectrum completely. The absorptivity of the fabricated array is greater than 90% in the whole spectral range. And the broadband and strong absorption is due to the plasmon hybridization and hot spot generation from near-touching TiO1.67 nanoparticles with different sizes. What is more, the local heating of a TiO1.67 nanoparticle layer is fast and effective. The temperature increases quickly from 30 °C to 80 °C within 200 seconds. This local heating can realize rapid solar-enabled evaporation which can find applications in large-scale distillation and seawater desalination. These findings actually open a pathway for applications of these newly developed plasmonic materials in the energy and environment fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahao Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Nanotechnology Research Center, School of Materials Science & Engineering, School of Physics & Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, Guangdong, P. R. China.
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39
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Plasmon Excitations of Multi-layer Graphene on a Conducting Substrate. Sci Rep 2016; 6:21063. [PMID: 26883086 PMCID: PMC4756674 DOI: 10.1038/srep21063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2015] [Accepted: 01/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
We predict the existence of low-frequency nonlocal plasmons at the vacuum-surface interface of a superlattice of N graphene layers interacting with conducting substrate. We derive a dispersion function that incorporates the polarization function of both the graphene monolayers and the semi-infinite electron liquid at whose surface the electrons scatter specularly. We find a surface plasmon-polariton that is not damped by particle-hole excitations or the bulk modes and which separates below the continuum mini-band of bulk plasmon modes. The surface plasmon frequency of the hybrid structure always lies below , the surface plasmon frequency of the conducting substrate. The intensity of this mode depends on the distance of the graphene layers from the conductor’s surface, the energy band gap between valence and conduction bands of graphene monolayer and, most importantly, on the number of two-dimensional layers. For a sufficiently large number of layers the hybrid structure has no surface plasmon. The existence of plasmons with different dispersion relations indicates that quasiparticles with different group velocity may coexist for various ranges of wavelengths determined by the number of layers in the superlattice.
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40
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Wang H, Wang J, Wang T, Li M, Zhao L, Vial A, Duan W. Plasmons of topological crystalline insulator SnTe with nanostructured patterns. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra06322e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Using the finite-difference time-domain method and density functional theory, we theoretically investigate the plasmons of topological crystalline insulator (TCI) SnTe with nanostructured patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Wang
- Department of Physics and State Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Quantum Physics
- Tsinghua University
- Beijing
- China
| | - Jianfeng Wang
- Department of Physics and State Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Quantum Physics
- Tsinghua University
- Beijing
- China
| | - Tong Wang
- Department of Physics and State Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Quantum Physics
- Tsinghua University
- Beijing
- China
| | - Menglei Li
- Center for Fusion Energy Science and Technology
- Chinese Academy of Engineering Physics
- Beijing
- China
| | - Lu Zhao
- School of Physics
- Beihang University
- Beijing
- China
| | - Alexandre Vial
- Institut Charles Delaunay UMR CNRS 6279 – Université de technologie de Troyes
- Laboratoire de Nanotechnologie et d’Instrumentation Optique
- F-10004 TROYES Cedex
- France
| | - Wenhui Duan
- Department of Physics and State Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Quantum Physics
- Tsinghua University
- Beijing
- China
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41
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Silva ÉDM. Dynamical class of a two-dimensional plasmonic Dirac system. PHYSICAL REVIEW. E, STATISTICAL, NONLINEAR, AND SOFT MATTER PHYSICS 2015; 92:042146. [PMID: 26565207 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.92.042146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
A current goal in plasmonic science and technology is to figure out how to manage the relaxational dynamics of surface plasmons in graphene since its damping constitutes a hinder for the realization of graphene-based plasmonic devices. In this sense we believe it might be of interest to enlarge the knowledge on the dynamical class of two-dimensional plasmonic Dirac systems. According to the recurrence relations method, different systems are said to be dynamically equivalent if they have identical relaxation functions at all times, and such commonality may lead to deep connections between seemingly unrelated physical systems. We employ the recurrence relations approach to obtain relaxation and memory functions of density fluctuations and show that a two-dimensional plasmonic Dirac system at long wavelength and zero temperature belongs to the same dynamical class of standard two-dimensional electron gas and classical harmonic oscillator chain with an impurity mass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Érica de Mello Silva
- Instituto de Física, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Av. Fernando Corrêa da Costa, 2367, Bloco F, Sala 209, 78060-900 Cuiabá, MT, Brazil
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42
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Barcelos ID, Cadore AR, Campos LC, Malachias A, Watanabe K, Taniguchi T, Maia FCB, Freitas R, Deneke C. Graphene/h-BN plasmon-phonon coupling and plasmon delocalization observed by infrared nano-spectroscopy. NANOSCALE 2015; 7:11620-11625. [PMID: 26091534 DOI: 10.1039/c5nr01056j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
We observed the coupling of graphene Dirac plasmons with different surfaces using scattering-type scanning near-field optical microscopy integrated into a mid-infrared synchrotron-based beamline. A systematic investigation of a graphene/hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) heterostructure is carried out and compared with the well-known graphene/SiO2 heterostructure. Broadband infrared scanning near-field optical microscopy imaging is able to distinguish between the graphene/h-BN and the graphene/SiO2 heterostructure as well as differentiate between graphene stacks with different numbers of layers. Based on synchrotron infrared nanospectroscopy experiments, we observe a coupling of surface plasmons of graphene and phonon polaritons of h-BN (SPPP). An enhancement of the optical band at 817 cm(-1) is observed at graphene/h-BN heterostructures as a result of hybridization between graphene plasmons and longitudinal optical phonons of h-BN. Furthermore, longitudinal optical h-BN modes are preserved on suspended graphene regions (bubbles) where the graphene sheet is tens of nanometers away from the surface while the amplitude of transverse optical h-BN modes decrease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingrid D Barcelos
- Departamento de Física, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 30123-970 - Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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43
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Ooms MD, Jeyaram Y, Sinton D. Disposable Plasmonics: Rapid and Inexpensive Large Area Patterning of Plasmonic Structures with CO₂ Laser Annealing. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2015; 31:5252-5258. [PMID: 25884102 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.5b01092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
We present a method of direct patterning of plasmonic nanofeatures on glass that is fast, scalable, tunable, and accessible to a wide range of users-a unique combination in the context of current nanofabrication options for plasmonic devices. These benefits are made possible by the localized heating and subsequent annealing of thin metal films using infrared light from a commercial CO2 laser system. This approach results in patterning times of 30 mm(2)/min with an average cost of $0.10/mm(2). Colloidal Au nanoparticles with diameters between 15 and 40 nm can be formed on glass surfaces with x-y patterning resolutions of ∼180 μm. While the higher resolution provided by lithography is essential in many applications, in cases where the spatial patterning resolution threshold is lower, commercial CO2 laser processing can be 30-fold faster and 400-fold less expensive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew D Ooms
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering and Institute for Sustainable Energy, University of Toronto, Toronto M5S 3G8, Canada
| | - Yogesh Jeyaram
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering and Institute for Sustainable Energy, University of Toronto, Toronto M5S 3G8, Canada
| | - David Sinton
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering and Institute for Sustainable Energy, University of Toronto, Toronto M5S 3G8, Canada
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44
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Kumada N, Roulleau P, Roche B, Hashisaka M, Hibino H, Petković I, Glattli DC. Resonant edge magnetoplasmons and their decay in graphene. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2014; 113:266601. [PMID: 25615366 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.113.266601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
We investigate resonant edge magnetoplasmons (EMPs) and their decay in graphene by high-frequency electronic measurements. From EMP resonances in disk shaped graphene, we show that the dispersion relation of EMPs is nonlinear due to interactions, giving rise to the intrinsic decay of EMP wave packets. We also identify extrinsic dissipation mechanisms due to interaction with localized states in bulk graphene from the decay time of EMP wave packets. We indicate that, owing to the linear band structure and the sharp edge potential, EMP dissipation in graphene can be lower than that in GaAs systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Kumada
- NTT Basic Research Laboratories, NTT Corporation, 3-1 Morinosato-Wakamiya, Atsugi 243-0198, Japan and Nanoelectronics Group, Service de Physique de l'Etat Condensé, IRAMIS/DSM (CNRS URA 2464), CEA Saclay, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - P Roulleau
- Nanoelectronics Group, Service de Physique de l'Etat Condensé, IRAMIS/DSM (CNRS URA 2464), CEA Saclay, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - B Roche
- Nanoelectronics Group, Service de Physique de l'Etat Condensé, IRAMIS/DSM (CNRS URA 2464), CEA Saclay, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - M Hashisaka
- Department of Physics, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Ookayama, Meguro, Tokyo 152-8551, Japan
| | - H Hibino
- NTT Basic Research Laboratories, NTT Corporation, 3-1 Morinosato-Wakamiya, Atsugi 243-0198, Japan
| | - I Petković
- Nanoelectronics Group, Service de Physique de l'Etat Condensé, IRAMIS/DSM (CNRS URA 2464), CEA Saclay, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - D C Glattli
- Nanoelectronics Group, Service de Physique de l'Etat Condensé, IRAMIS/DSM (CNRS URA 2464), CEA Saclay, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
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