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Uzdrowska K, Knap N, Gulczynski J, Kuban-Jankowska A, Struck-Lewicka W, Markuszewski MJ, Bączek T, Izycka-Swieszewska E, Gorska-Ponikowska M. Chasing Graphene-Based Anticancer Drugs: Where are We Now on the Biomedical Graphene Roadmap? Int J Nanomedicine 2024; 19:3973-3989. [PMID: 38711615 PMCID: PMC11073537 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s447397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Graphene and graphene-based materials have attracted growing interest for potential applications in medicine because of their good biocompatibility, cargo capability and possible surface functionalizations. In parallel, prototypic graphene-based devices have been developed to diagnose, imaging and track tumor growth in cancer patients. There is a growing number of reports on the use of graphene and its functionalized derivatives in the design of innovative drugs delivery systems, photothermal and photodynamic cancer therapy, and as a platform to combine multiple therapies. The aim of this review is to introduce the latest scientific achievements in the field of innovative composite graphene materials as potentially applied in cancer therapy. The "Technology and Innovation Roadmap" published in the Graphene Flagship indicates, that the first anti-cancer drugs using graphene and graphene-derived materials will have appeared on the market by 2030. However, it is necessary to broaden understanding of graphene-based material interactions with cellular metabolism and signaling at the functional level, as well as toxicity. The main aspects of further research should elucidate how treatment methods (e.g., photothermal therapy, photodynamic therapy, combination therapy) and the physicochemical properties of graphene materials influence their ability to modulate autophagy and kill cancer cells. Interestingly, recent scientific reports also prove that graphene nanocomposites modulate cancer cell death by inducing precise autophagy dysfunctions caused by lysosome damage. It turns out as well that developing photothermal oncological treatments, it should be taken into account that near-infrared-II radiation (1000-1500 nm) is a better option than NIR-I (750-1000 nm) because it can penetrate deeper into tissues due to less scattering at longer wavelengths radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Uzdrowska
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, 80-211, Poland
| | - Narcyz Knap
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, 80-211, Poland
| | - Jacek Gulczynski
- Faculty of Health Sciences with the Institute of Maritime and Tropical Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, 80-211, Poland
| | | | | | | | - Tomasz Bączek
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, 80-416, Poland
| | - Ewa Izycka-Swieszewska
- Faculty of Health Sciences with the Institute of Maritime and Tropical Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, 80-211, Poland
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Ortiz Peña N, Cherukula K, Even B, Ji DK, Razafindrakoto S, Peng S, Silva AKA, Ménard-Moyon C, Hillaireau H, Bianco A, Fattal E, Alloyeau D, Gazeau F. Resolution of MoS 2 Nanosheets-Induced Pulmonary Inflammation Driven by Nanoscale Intracellular Transformation and Extracellular-Vesicle Shuttles. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2209615. [PMID: 36649533 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202209615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Pulmonary exposure to some engineered nanomaterials can cause chronic lesions as a result of unresolved inflammation. Among 2D nanomaterials and graphene, MoS2 has received tremendous attention in optoelectronics and nanomedicine. Here an integrated approach is proposed to follow up the transformation of MoS2 nanosheets at the nanoscale and assesss their impact on lung inflammation status over 1 month after a single inhalation in mice. Analysis of immune cells, alveolar macrophages, extracellular vesicles, and cytokine profiling in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) shows that MoS2 nanosheets induced initiation of lung inflammation. However, the inflammation is rapidly resolved despite the persistence of various biotransformed molybdenum-based nanostructures in the alveolar macrophages and the extracellular vesicles for up to 1 month. Using in situ liquid phase transmission electron microscopy experiments, the dynamics of MoS2 nanosheets transformation triggered by reactive oxygen species could be evidenced. Three main transformation mechanisms are observed directly at the nanoscale level: 1) scrolling of the dispersed sheets leading to the formation of nanoscrolls and folded patches, 2) etching releasing soluble MoO4 - , and 3) oxidation generating oxidized sheet fragments. Extracellular vesicles released in BALF are also identified as a potential shuttle of MoS2 nanostructures and their degradation products and more importantly as mediators of inflammation resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathaly Ortiz Peña
- Université Paris Cité, MPQ Matériaux et Phénomènes Quantiques, CNRS, 10 rue Alice Domon et Léonie Duquet, 75205 Cedex 13, Paris, France
| | - Kondareddy Cherukula
- Université Paris Cité, MSC Matière et Systèmes Complexes, CNRS, 45 rue des Saints Pères, 75006, Paris, France
| | - Benjamin Even
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut Galien Paris-Saclay, 91400, Orsay, France
| | - Ding-Kun Ji
- CNRS, Immunology, Immunopathology and Therapeutic Chemistry, UPR 3572, University of Strasbourg, ISIS, 67000, Strasbourg, France
| | - Sarah Razafindrakoto
- Université Paris Cité, MSC Matière et Systèmes Complexes, CNRS, 45 rue des Saints Pères, 75006, Paris, France
| | - Shiyuan Peng
- CNRS, Immunology, Immunopathology and Therapeutic Chemistry, UPR 3572, University of Strasbourg, ISIS, 67000, Strasbourg, France
| | - Amanda K A Silva
- Université Paris Cité, MSC Matière et Systèmes Complexes, CNRS, 45 rue des Saints Pères, 75006, Paris, France
| | - Cécilia Ménard-Moyon
- CNRS, Immunology, Immunopathology and Therapeutic Chemistry, UPR 3572, University of Strasbourg, ISIS, 67000, Strasbourg, France
| | - Hervé Hillaireau
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut Galien Paris-Saclay, 91400, Orsay, France
| | - Alberto Bianco
- CNRS, Immunology, Immunopathology and Therapeutic Chemistry, UPR 3572, University of Strasbourg, ISIS, 67000, Strasbourg, France
| | - Elias Fattal
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut Galien Paris-Saclay, 91400, Orsay, France
| | - Damien Alloyeau
- Université Paris Cité, MPQ Matériaux et Phénomènes Quantiques, CNRS, 10 rue Alice Domon et Léonie Duquet, 75205 Cedex 13, Paris, France
| | - Florence Gazeau
- Université Paris Cité, MSC Matière et Systèmes Complexes, CNRS, 45 rue des Saints Pères, 75006, Paris, France
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3
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The Dose- and Time-Dependent Cytotoxic Effect of Graphene Nanoplatelets: In Vitro and In Vivo Study. NANOMATERIALS 2022; 12:nano12121978. [PMID: 35745317 PMCID: PMC9229803 DOI: 10.3390/nano12121978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Revised: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Graphene-based nanomaterials received attention from scientists due to their unique properties: they are highly conductive, mechanically resistant and elastic. These materials can be used in different sectors of society from electronic energy storage in industry to biomedical applications. This study evaluates the influence of graphene nanoplatelets in vitro and in vivo. The toxicological influence of graphene nanoplatelets (GPs) was analyzed by cytotoxic methods, the change of cell proliferation was assessed in real-time, and the effect of GPs on a living organism was evaluated in an animal model using histopathological examination. We analyzed two types of GP administration: intratracheal and peroral. We found dose- and time-dependent cytotoxic effects of GPs in vitro; the concentration above 50 μg/mL increased the cytotoxicity significantly. The real-time analysis confirmed these data; the cells exposed to a high concentration of GPs for a longer time period resulted in a decrease in cell index which indicated lower cell viability. Histopathological examination revealed thickened alveolar septa and accumulation of GPs in the endocardium after intratracheal exposure. Peroral administration did not reveal any morphological changes. This study showed the dose- and time-dependent cytotoxic potential of graphene nanoplatelets in in vitro and in vivo models.
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Computational Indicator Approach for Assessment of Nanotoxicity of Two-Dimensional Nanomaterials. NANOMATERIALS 2022; 12:nano12040650. [PMID: 35214977 PMCID: PMC8879952 DOI: 10.3390/nano12040650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2021] [Revised: 01/30/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The increasing growth in the development of various novel nanomaterials and their biomedical applications has drawn increasing attention to their biological safety and potential health impact. The most commonly used methods for nanomaterial toxicity assessment are based on laboratory experiments. In recent years, with the aid of computer modeling and data science, several in silico methods for the cytotoxicity prediction of nanomaterials have been developed. An affordable, cost-effective numerical modeling approach thus can reduce the need for in vitro and in vivo testing and predict the properties of designed or developed nanomaterials. We propose here a new in silico method for rapid cytotoxicity assessment of two-dimensional nanomaterials of arbitrary chemical composition by using free energy analysis and molecular dynamics simulations, which can be expressed by a computational indicator of nanotoxicity (CIN2D). We applied this approach to five well-known two-dimensional nanomaterials promising for biomedical applications: graphene, graphene oxide, layered double hydroxide, aloohene, and hexagonal boron nitride nanosheets. The results corroborate the available laboratory biosafety data for these nanomaterials, supporting the applicability of the developed method for predictive nanotoxicity assessment of two-dimensional nanomaterials.
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Raja IS, Hong SW, Han DW. Reflections and Outlook on Multifaceted Biomedical Applications of Graphene. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2022; 1351:253-264. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-16-4923-3_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Raja IS, Molkenova A, Kang MS, Lee SH, Lee JE, Kim B, Han DW, Atabaev TS. Differential Toxicity of Graphene Family Nanomaterials Concerning Morphology. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2022; 1351:23-39. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-16-4923-3_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Zakharova OV, Mastalygina EE, Golokhvast KS, Gusev AA. Graphene Nanoribbons: Prospects of Application in Biomedicine and Toxicity. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 11:2425. [PMID: 34578739 PMCID: PMC8469389 DOI: 10.3390/nano11092425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Revised: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Graphene nanoribbons are a type of graphene characterized by remarkable electrical and mechanical properties. This review considers the prospects for the application of graphene ribbons in biomedicine, taking into account safety aspects. According to the analysis of the recent studies, the topical areas of using graphene nanoribbons include mechanical, chemical, photo- and acoustic sensors, devices for the direct sequencing of biological macromolecules, including DNA, gene and drug delivery vehicles, and tissue engineering. There is evidence of good biocompatibility of graphene nanoribbons with human cell lines, but a number of researchers have revealed toxic effects, including cytotoxicity and genotoxicity. Moreover, the damaging effects of nanoribbons are often higher than those of chemical analogs, for instance, graphene oxide nanoplates. The possible mechanism of toxicity is the ability of graphene nanoribbons to damage the cell membrane mechanically, stimulate reactive oxidative stress (ROS) production, autophagy, and inhibition of proliferation, as well as apoptosis induction, DNA fragmentation, and the formation of chromosomal aberrations. At the same time, the biodegradability of graphene nanoribbons under the environmental factors has been proven. In general, this review allows us to conclude that graphene nanoribbons, as components of high-precision nanodevices and therapeutic agents, have significant potential for biomedical applications; however, additional studies of their safety are needed. Particular emphasis should be placed on the lack of information about the effect of graphene nanoribbons on the organism as a whole obtained from in vivo experiments, as well as about their ecological toxicity, accumulation, migration, and destruction within ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga V. Zakharova
- Research Institute for Environmental Science and Biotechnology, Derzhavin Tambov State University, 33 Internatsionalnaya St., 392000 Tambov, Russia;
- Engineering Center, Plekhanov Russian University of Economics, Stremyanny Lane 36, 117997 Moscow, Russia;
- Department of Functional Nanosystems and High-Temperature Materials, National University of Science and Technology MISiS, 4 Leninskiy prospekt, 119049 Moscow, Russia
| | - Elena E. Mastalygina
- Engineering Center, Plekhanov Russian University of Economics, Stremyanny Lane 36, 117997 Moscow, Russia;
- Laboratory of Physics-Chemistry of Synthetic and Natural Polymers Composites, Institute of Biochemical Physics Named after N.M. Emanuel RAS (IBCP RAS), Russian Academy of Sciences, 4 Kosygin St., 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Kirill S. Golokhvast
- Polytechnical Institute, Far Eastern Federal University, Sukhanova 8, 690950 Vladivostok, Russia;
- Siberian Federal Scientific Center for Agrobiotechnology RAS, Centralnaya 2B, 630501 Krasnoobsk, Russia
- Pacific Geographical Institute, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Radio 7, 690041 Vladivostok, Russia
| | - Alexander A. Gusev
- Research Institute for Environmental Science and Biotechnology, Derzhavin Tambov State University, 33 Internatsionalnaya St., 392000 Tambov, Russia;
- Engineering Center, Plekhanov Russian University of Economics, Stremyanny Lane 36, 117997 Moscow, Russia;
- Research Educational Center Sustainable Development of the Forest Complex, Voronezh State Forestry University Named after G F Morozov, 394087 Voronezh, Russia
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Magne TM, de Oliveira Vieira T, Alencar LMR, Junior FFM, Gemini-Piperni S, Carneiro SV, Fechine LMUD, Freire RM, Golokhvast K, Metrangolo P, Fechine PBA, Santos-Oliveira R. Graphene and its derivatives: understanding the main chemical and medicinal chemistry roles for biomedical applications. JOURNAL OF NANOSTRUCTURE IN CHEMISTRY 2021; 12:693-727. [PMID: 34512930 PMCID: PMC8419677 DOI: 10.1007/s40097-021-00444-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Over the past few years, there has been a growing potential use of graphene and its derivatives in several biomedical areas, such as drug delivery systems, biosensors, and imaging systems, especially for having excellent optical, electronic, thermal, and mechanical properties. Therefore, nanomaterials in the graphene family have shown promising results in several areas of science. The different physicochemical properties of graphene and its derivatives guide its biocompatibility and toxicity. Hence, further studies to explain the interactions of these nanomaterials with biological systems are fundamental. This review has shown the applicability of the graphene family in several biomedical modalities, with particular attention for cancer therapy and diagnosis, as a potent theranostic. This ability is derivative from the considerable number of forms that the graphene family can assume. The graphene-based materials biodistribution profile, clearance, toxicity, and cytotoxicity, interacting with biological systems, are discussed here, focusing on its synthesis methodology, physicochemical properties, and production quality. Despite the growing increase in the bioavailability and toxicity studies of graphene and its derivatives, there is still much to be unveiled to develop safe and effective formulations. Graphic abstract
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Affiliation(s)
- Tais Monteiro Magne
- Brazilian Nuclear Energy Commission, Nuclear Engineering Institute, Rio de Janeiro, 21941906 Brazil
| | | | - Luciana Magalhães Rebelo Alencar
- Biophysics and Nanosystems Laboratory, Department of Physics, Federal University of Maranhão, São Luis, Maranhão 65080805 Brazil
| | - Francisco Franciné Maia Junior
- Department of Natural Sciences, Mathematics and Statistics, Federal Rural University of the Semi-Arid, Mossoró, RN 59625-900 Brazil
| | - Sara Gemini-Piperni
- Laboratory of Advanced Science, Universidade Unigranrio, Duque de Caxias, RJ 25071-202 Brazil
| | - Samuel V. Carneiro
- Group of Chemistry of Advanced Materials (GQMat)-Department of Analytical Chemistry and Physic-Chemistry, Federal University of Ceará-Campus do Pici, Fortaleza, Ceará 60451-970 Brazil
| | - Lillian M. U. D. Fechine
- Group of Chemistry of Advanced Materials (GQMat)-Department of Analytical Chemistry and Physic-Chemistry, Federal University of Ceará-Campus do Pici, Fortaleza, Ceará 60451-970 Brazil
| | - Rafael M. Freire
- Institute of Applied Chemical Sciences, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, 8910060 Santiago, Chile
| | - Kirill Golokhvast
- Education and Scientific Center of Nanotechnology, School of Engineering, Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russia
- N.I. Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources, Saint-Petersburg, Russia
| | - Pierangelo Metrangolo
- Laboratory of Supramolecular and Bio-Nanomaterials, Department of Chemistry, Materials, and Chemical Engineering “Giulio Natta” Politecnico Di Milano, Via L. Mancinelli 7, 20131 Milano, Italy
| | - Pierre B. A. Fechine
- Group of Chemistry of Advanced Materials (GQMat)-Department of Analytical Chemistry and Physic-Chemistry, Federal University of Ceará-Campus do Pici, Fortaleza, Ceará 60451-970 Brazil
| | - Ralph Santos-Oliveira
- Brazilian Nuclear Energy Commission, Nuclear Engineering Institute, Rio de Janeiro, 21941906 Brazil
- Laboratory of Nanoradiopharmacy and Synthesis of Radiopharmaceuticals, Zona Oeste State University, Av Manuel Caldeira de Alvarenga, 200, Campo Grande, Rio de Janeiro, 2100000 Brazil
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9
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Abu Lila AS, Abdallah MH, Wani SUD, Gangadharappa H, Younes KM, Khafagy ES, Shehata TM, Soliman MS. Folic acid-conjugated raloxifene-loaded graphene-based nanocarrier: Fabrication, characterization and antitumor screening. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2021.126971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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10
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Luo S, Chen X, He Y, Gu Y, Zhu C, Yang GH, Qu LL. Recent advances in graphene nanoribbons for biosensing and biomedicine. J Mater Chem B 2021; 9:6129-6143. [PMID: 34291262 DOI: 10.1039/d1tb00871d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, a new type of quasi-one-dimensional graphene-based material, graphene nanoribbons (GNRs), has attracted increasing attention. The limited domain width and rich edge configurations of GNRs endow them with unique properties and wide applications in comparison to two-dimensional graphene. This review article mainly focuses on the electrical, chemical and other properties of GNRs, and further introduces the typical preparation methods of GNRs, including top-down and bottom-up strategies. Then, their biosensing and biomedical applications are highlighted in detail, such as biosensors, photothermal therapy, drug delivery, etc. Finally, the challenges and future prospects in the synthesis and application of functionalized GNRs are discussed. It is expected that GNRs will have significant practical use in biomedical applications in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyu Luo
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Green Synthetic Chemistry for Functional Materials, School of Chemistry & Materials Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, China.
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11
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Johnson AP, Sabu C, Swamy NK, Anto A, Gangadharappa H, Pramod K. Graphene nanoribbon: An emerging and efficient flat molecular platform for advanced biosensing. Biosens Bioelectron 2021; 184:113245. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2021.113245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Revised: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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12
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Magne TM, de Oliveira Vieira T, Costa B, Alencar LMR, Ricci-Junior E, Hu R, Qu J, Zamora-Ledezma C, Alexis F, Santos-Oliveira R. Factors affecting the biological response of Graphene. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2021; 203:111767. [PMID: 33878553 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2021.111767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Revised: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Nanotechnology has gained significant importance in different fields of medical, electronic, and environmental science. This technology is founded on the use of materials at the nanoscale scale (1-100 nanometers) for various purposes, particularly in the biomedical area, where its application is growing daily due to the need of materials with advanced properties. Over the past few years, there has been a growing use for graphene and its derivative composite materials. However, different physico-chemical properties influence its biological response; therefore, further studies to explain the interactions of these nanomaterials with biological systems are critical. This review presents the current advances in the applications of graphene in biomedicine with a focus on the physico-chemical characteristics of the graphene family and their influences on biological interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tais Monteiro Magne
- Brazilian Nuclear Energy Commission, Nuclear Engineering Institute, Laboratory of Novel Radiopharmaceuticals and Nanoradiopharmacy, R. Helio de Almeida, 75, Rio de Janeiro, 21941906, Brazil
| | - Thamires de Oliveira Vieira
- Brazilian Nuclear Energy Commission, Nuclear Engineering Institute, Laboratory of Novel Radiopharmaceuticals and Nanoradiopharmacy, R. Helio de Almeida, 75, Rio de Janeiro, 21941906, Brazil
| | - Bianca Costa
- Brazilian Nuclear Energy Commission, Nuclear Engineering Institute, Laboratory of Novel Radiopharmaceuticals and Nanoradiopharmacy, R. Helio de Almeida, 75, Rio de Janeiro, 21941906, Brazil
| | | | - Eduardo Ricci-Junior
- Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Laboratory of Nanomedicine, Av. Carlos Chagas Filho, 373, Cidade Universitária da Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941-170, Brazil
| | - Rui Hu
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, PR China
| | - Junle Qu
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, PR China
| | - Camilo Zamora-Ledezma
- Tissue Regeneration and Repair: Orthobiology, Biomaterials & Tissue Engineering Group. UCAM - Universidad Católica de Murcia, Avda. Los Jerónimos 135, Guadalupe, 30107, Murcia, Spain
| | - Frank Alexis
- School of Physical Sciences and Nanotechnology, Yachay Tech University, 100119, Urcuquí, Ecuador
| | - Ralph Santos-Oliveira
- Brazilian Nuclear Energy Commission, Nuclear Engineering Institute, Laboratory of Novel Radiopharmaceuticals and Nanoradiopharmacy, R. Helio de Almeida, 75, Rio de Janeiro, 21941906, Brazil; Zona Oeste State University, Laboratory of Nanoradiopharmacy and Synthesis of Radiopharmaceuticals, Av Manuel caldeira de Alvarenga, 200, Campo Grande, Rio de Janeiro, 2100000, Brazil.
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13
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Phan LMT, Vo TAT, Hoang TX, Cho S. Graphene Integrated Hydrogels Based Biomaterials in Photothermal Biomedicine. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 11:906. [PMID: 33918204 PMCID: PMC8065877 DOI: 10.3390/nano11040906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Revised: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Recently, photothermal therapy (PTT) has emerged as one of the most promising biomedical strategies for different areas in the biomedical field owing to its superior advantages, such as being noninvasive, target-specific and having fewer side effects. Graphene-based hydrogels (GGels), which have excellent mechanical and optical properties, high light-to-heat conversion efficiency and good biocompatibility, have been intensively exploited as potential photothermal conversion materials. This comprehensive review summarizes the current development of graphene-integrated hydrogel composites and their application in photothermal biomedicine. The latest advances in the synthesis strategies, unique properties and potential applications of photothermal-responsive GGel nanocomposites in biomedical fields are introduced in detail. This review aims to provide a better understanding of the current progress in GGel material fabrication, photothermal properties and potential PTT-based biomedical applications, thereby aiding in more research efforts to facilitate the further advancement of photothermal biomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le Minh Tu Phan
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Gachon University, Seongnam-si 13120, Korea
- School of Medicine and Pharmacy, The University of Danang, Danang 550000, Vietnam
| | - Thuy Anh Thu Vo
- Department of Life Science, Gachon University, Seongnam-si 13120, Korea; (T.A.T.V.); (T.X.H.)
| | - Thi Xoan Hoang
- Department of Life Science, Gachon University, Seongnam-si 13120, Korea; (T.A.T.V.); (T.X.H.)
| | - Sungbo Cho
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Gachon University, Seongnam-si 13120, Korea
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, GAIHST, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Korea
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14
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Jampilek J, Kralova K. Advances in Drug Delivery Nanosystems Using Graphene-Based Materials and Carbon Nanotubes. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 14:1059. [PMID: 33668271 PMCID: PMC7956197 DOI: 10.3390/ma14051059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Revised: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Carbon is one of the most abundant elements on Earth. In addition to the well-known crystallographic modifications such as graphite and diamond, other allotropic carbon modifications such as graphene-based nanomaterials and carbon nanotubes have recently come to the fore. These carbon nanomaterials can be designed to help deliver or target drugs more efficiently and to innovate therapeutic approaches, especially for cancer treatment, but also for the development of new diagnostic agents for malignancies and are expected to help combine molecular imaging for diagnosis with therapies. This paper summarizes the latest designed drug delivery nanosystems based on graphene, graphene quantum dots, graphene oxide, reduced graphene oxide and carbon nanotubes, mainly for anticancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josef Jampilek
- Institute of Neuroimmunology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska Cesta 9, 845 10 Bratislava, Slovakia
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Czech Advanced Technology and Research Institute, Palacky University, Slechtitelu 27, 783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Katarina Kralova
- Institute of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University, Ilkovicova 6, 842 15 Bratislava, Slovakia;
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15
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Daneshmandi L, Barajaa M, Tahmasbi Rad A, Sydlik SA, Laurencin CT. Graphene-Based Biomaterials for Bone Regenerative Engineering: A Comprehensive Review of the Field and Considerations Regarding Biocompatibility and Biodegradation. Adv Healthc Mater 2021; 10:e2001414. [PMID: 33103370 PMCID: PMC8218309 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202001414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Revised: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Graphene and its derivatives have continued to garner worldwide interest due to their unique characteristics. Having expanded into biomedical applications, there have been efforts to employ their exceptional properties for the regeneration of different tissues, particularly bone. This article presents a comprehensive review on the usage of graphene-based materials for bone regenerative engineering. The graphene family of materials (GFMs) are used either alone or in combination with other biomaterials in the form of fillers in composites, coatings for both scaffolds and implants, or vehicles for the delivery of various signaling and therapeutic agents. The applications of the GFMs in each of these diverse areas are discussed and emphasis is placed on the characteristics of the GFMs that have implications in this regard. In tandem and of importance, this article evaluates the safety and biocompatibility of the GFMs and carefully elucidates how various factors influence the biocompatibility and biodegradability of this new class of nanomaterials. In conclusion, the challenges and opportunities regarding the use of the GFMs in regenerative engineering applications are discussed, and future perspectives for the developments in this field are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila Daneshmandi
- Connecticut Convergence Institute for Translation in Regenerative Engineering, UConn Health, Farmington, CT, 06030, USA
- Raymond and Beverly Sackler Center for Biomedical, Biological, Physical and Engineering Sciences, UConn Health, Farmington, CT, 06030, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, 06269, USA
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, UConn Health, Farmington, CT, 06030, USA
| | - Mohammed Barajaa
- Connecticut Convergence Institute for Translation in Regenerative Engineering, UConn Health, Farmington, CT, 06030, USA
- Raymond and Beverly Sackler Center for Biomedical, Biological, Physical and Engineering Sciences, UConn Health, Farmington, CT, 06030, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, 06269, USA
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, UConn Health, Farmington, CT, 06030, USA
| | - Armin Tahmasbi Rad
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, 06269, USA
- Institute of Materials Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, 06269, USA
| | - Stefanie A Sydlik
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Cato T Laurencin
- Connecticut Convergence Institute for Translation in Regenerative Engineering, UConn Health, Farmington, CT, 06030, USA
- Raymond and Beverly Sackler Center for Biomedical, Biological, Physical and Engineering Sciences, UConn Health, Farmington, CT, 06030, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, 06269, USA
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, UConn Health, Farmington, CT, 06030, USA
- Institute of Materials Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, 06269, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, 06269, USA
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, 06269, USA
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16
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Devasena T, Francis AP, Ramaprabhu S. Toxicity of Graphene: An Update. REVIEWS OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2021; 259:51-76. [PMID: 34611755 DOI: 10.1007/398_2021_78] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Graphene possesses wider biomedical applications including drug delivery, photothermal ablation of tumors, biosensors, and also in the disease diagnosis. The accidental or intentional exposure of the environment including plants, ecosystem, and humans toward graphene is gradually increasing. Therefore, graphene toxicity becomes a critical issue to be addressed despite their diverse applications in multiple fields. In this situation, the scientific community as well as the general public must get awareness about the toxicity of graphene. This article, therefore, reviews the investigations on graphene toxicity. This review reveals the toxicity of graphene in vitro, in vivo models along with the environmental toxicity. The advantages of graphene toxicity in bacterial cells and cancer cells were also reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sundara Ramaprabhu
- Alternative Energy and Nanotechnology Laboratory (AENL), Nanofunctional Materials Technology, Centre (NFMTC), Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, India
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17
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Rohaizad N, Mayorga-Martinez CC, Fojtů M, Latiff NM, Pumera M. Two-dimensional materials in biomedical, biosensing and sensing applications. Chem Soc Rev 2020; 50:619-657. [PMID: 33206730 DOI: 10.1039/d0cs00150c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Two-dimensional (2D) materials are at the forefront of materials research. Here we overview their applications beyond graphene, such as transition metal dichalcogenides, monoelemental Xenes (including phosphorene and bismuthene), carbon nitrides, boron nitrides along with transition metal carbides and nitrides (MXenes). We discuss their usage in various biomedical and environmental monitoring applications, from biosensors to therapeutic treatment agents, their toxicity and their utility in chemical sensing. We highlight how a specific chemical, physical and optical property of 2D materials can influence the performance of bio/sensing, improve drug delivery and photo/thermal therapy as well as affect their toxicity. Such properties are determined by crystal phases electrical conductivity, degree of exfoliation, surface functionalization, strong photoluminescence, strong optical absorption in the near-infrared range and high photothermal conversion efficiency. This review conveys the great future of all the families of 2D materials, especially with the expanding 2D materials' landscape as new materials emerge such as germanene and silicene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasuha Rohaizad
- NTU Institute for Health Technologies, Interdisciplinary Graduate School, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
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18
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Choi Y, Kim SS, Kim JH, Kang J, Choi E, Choi SE, Kim JP, Kwon O, Kim DW. Graphene Oxide Nanoribbon Hydrogel: Viscoelastic Behavior and Use as a Molecular Separation Membrane. ACS NANO 2020; 14:12195-12202. [PMID: 32885959 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c05902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The preparation of carbon materials based hydrogels and their viscoelastic properties are essential for their broad application and scale-up. However, existing studies are mainly focused on graphene derivatives and carbon nanotubes, and the behavior of graphene nanoribbon (GNR), a narrow strip of graphene, remains elusive. Herein, we demonstrate the concentration-driven gelation of oxidized GNR (graphene oxide nanoribbon, GONR) in aqueous solvents. Exfoliated individual GONRs sequentially assemble into strings (∼1 mg/mL), nanoplates (∼20 mg/mL), and a macroporous scaffold (50 mg/mL) with increasing concentration. The GONR hydrogels exhibit viscoelastic shear-thinning behavior and can be shear-coated to form large-area GONR films on substrates. The entangled and stacked structure of the GONR film contributed to outstanding nanofiltration performance under high pressure, cross-flow, and long-term filtration, while the precise molecular separation with 100% rejection rate was maintained for sub-nanometer molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunkyu Choi
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, YONSEI University, Yonsei-ro 50, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, (03722), Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Soo Kim
- Carbon Composite Materials Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, 92 Chudong-ro Bongdong-eup, Wanju-gun, Jeollabuk-do 55324, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Hoon Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, YONSEI University, Yonsei-ro 50, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, (03722), Republic of Korea
| | - Junhyeok Kang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, YONSEI University, Yonsei-ro 50, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, (03722), Republic of Korea
| | - Eunji Choi
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, YONSEI University, Yonsei-ro 50, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, (03722), Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Eun Choi
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, YONSEI University, Yonsei-ro 50, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, (03722), Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Pil Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, YONSEI University, Yonsei-ro 50, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, (03722), Republic of Korea
| | - Ohchan Kwon
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, YONSEI University, Yonsei-ro 50, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, (03722), Republic of Korea
| | - Dae Woo Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, YONSEI University, Yonsei-ro 50, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, (03722), Republic of Korea
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19
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Patel TN, R P, Vashi Y, Bhattacharya P. Toxic impacts and industrial potential of graphene. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART C, TOXICOLOGY AND CARCINOGENESIS 2020; 38:269-297. [PMID: 32897810 DOI: 10.1080/26896583.2020.1812335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Advancement in the field of nanotechnology has increased the synthesis and exploitation of graphene-like nanomaterials. Graphene is a two-dimensional planar and hexagonal array of carbon atoms. Due to its flexible nature graphene and its derivatives have several significant prospects extending from electronics to life sciences and drug delivery systems. In this review, we enlist some of the toxic effects of graphene family nanomaterials (GFNs) in various aspects of biosystems viz., in vitro, in vivo, microbial, molecular and environmental. We also appreciate their extensive and promising applications though with some underlying challenges. This review also draws attention toward current and future prospect of global graphene market for wide-range commercialization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trupti N Patel
- Department of Integrative Biology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, India
| | - Priyanka R
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeju National University, Jeju, Republic of Korea
| | - Yash Vashi
- Operations and Product Development Department, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
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20
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Johnson AP, Gangadharappa H, Pramod K. Graphene nanoribbons: A promising nanomaterial for biomedical applications. J Control Release 2020; 325:141-162. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2020.06.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2020] [Revised: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 06/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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21
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Strojny B, Jaworski S, Misiewicz-Krzemińska I, Isidro I, Rojas EA, Gutiérrez NC, Grodzik M, Koczoń P, Chwalibog A, Sawosz E. Effect of Graphene Family Materials on Multiple Myeloma and Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma Cell Lines. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 13:E3420. [PMID: 32756412 PMCID: PMC7436021 DOI: 10.3390/ma13153420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Revised: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The interest around the graphene family of materials is constantly growing due to their potential application in biomedical fields. The effect of graphene and its derivatives on cells varies amongst studies depending on the cell and tissue type. Since the toxicity against non-adherent cell lines has barely been studied, we investigated the effect of graphene and two different graphene oxides against four multiple myeloma cell lines, namely KMS-12-BM, H929, U226, and MM.1S, as well as two non-Hodgkin lymphoma cells lines, namely KARPAS299 and DOHH-2. We performed two types of viability assays, MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide conversion) and ATP (adenosine triphosphate detection), flow cytometry analysis of apoptosis induction and cell cycle, cell morphology, and direct interaction analysis using two approaches-visualization of living cells by two different systems, and visualization of fixed and dyed cells. Our results revealed that graphene and graphene oxides exhibit low to moderate cytotoxicity against cells, despite visible interaction between the cells and graphene oxide. This creates possibilities for the application of the selected graphene materials for drug delivery systems or theragnostics in hematological malignancies; however, further detailed studies are necessary to explain the nature of interactions between the cells and the materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Strojny
- Department of Nanobiotechnology and Experimental Ecology, Institute of Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 02-786 Warsaw, Poland; (S.J.); (M.G.); (E.S.)
| | - Sławomir Jaworski
- Department of Nanobiotechnology and Experimental Ecology, Institute of Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 02-786 Warsaw, Poland; (S.J.); (M.G.); (E.S.)
| | - Irena Misiewicz-Krzemińska
- Hematology Department, Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), University Hospital of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain; (I.M.-K.); (I.I.); (E.A.R.); (N.C.G.)
- Cancer Research Center-IBMCC (USAL-CSIC), 37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Isabel Isidro
- Hematology Department, Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), University Hospital of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain; (I.M.-K.); (I.I.); (E.A.R.); (N.C.G.)
- Cancer Research Center-IBMCC (USAL-CSIC), 37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Elizabeta A. Rojas
- Hematology Department, Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), University Hospital of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain; (I.M.-K.); (I.I.); (E.A.R.); (N.C.G.)
- Cancer Research Center-IBMCC (USAL-CSIC), 37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Norma C. Gutiérrez
- Hematology Department, Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), University Hospital of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain; (I.M.-K.); (I.I.); (E.A.R.); (N.C.G.)
- Cancer Research Center-IBMCC (USAL-CSIC), 37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Marta Grodzik
- Department of Nanobiotechnology and Experimental Ecology, Institute of Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 02-786 Warsaw, Poland; (S.J.); (M.G.); (E.S.)
| | - Piotr Koczoń
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Food Science, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - André Chwalibog
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Groennegaardsvej 3, 1870 Frederiksberg, Denmark;
| | - Ewa Sawosz
- Department of Nanobiotechnology and Experimental Ecology, Institute of Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 02-786 Warsaw, Poland; (S.J.); (M.G.); (E.S.)
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22
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Graphene-Like Layers from Carbon Black: In Vivo Toxicity Assessment. NANOMATERIALS 2020; 10:nano10081472. [PMID: 32727143 PMCID: PMC7466612 DOI: 10.3390/nano10081472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Revised: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Graphene-like (GL) layers, a new graphene-related material (GRM), possess peculiar chemical, colloidal, optical and transport properties. Considering the very recent promising application of GL layers in biomedical and bioelectronic fields, it is of utmost importance to investigate the toxicological profile of these nanomaterials. This study represents an important first report of a complete in vivo toxicity assessment of GL layers on embryonic zebrafish (Danio rerio). Our results show that GL layers do not lead to any perturbations in the different biological parameters evaluated, indicating their good biocompatibility on a vertebrate model. The new insight into the biosafety of GL layers will expand their applications in nanomedicine.
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23
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Cytotoxic or Not? Disclosing the Toxic Nature of Carbonaceous Nanomaterials through Nano-Bio Interactions. MATERIALS 2020; 13:ma13092060. [PMID: 32365624 PMCID: PMC7254307 DOI: 10.3390/ma13092060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Revised: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The cytotoxic influence of two different carbonaceous nanomaterials on human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) cultured in vitro was compared in the short (1-3 days) and long term (up to 60 days). Amorphous carbon and single-walled carbon nanotubes were chosen and evaluated due to their contrasting physicochemical properties. Both materials, though supposed similarly low-toxic in basic short-term cytotoxicity assays, demonstrated dramatically different properties in the long-term study. The surface chemistry and biomolecule-adsorption capacity turned out to be crucial factors influencing cytotoxicity. We proved that amorphous carbon is able to weakly bind a low-affinity protein coat (so-called soft corona), while carbon nanotubes behaved oppositely. Obtained results from zeta-potential and adsorption measurements for both nanomaterials confirmed that a hard protein corona was present on the single-walled carbon-nanotube surface that aggravated their cytotoxic influence. The long-term exposure of the mesenchymal stem cells to carbon nanotubes, coated by the strongly bound proteins, showed a significant decrease in cell-growth rate, followed by cell senescence and death. These results are of great importance in the light of increasing nanomaterial applications in biomedicine and cell-based therapies. Our better understanding of the puzzling cytotoxicity of carbonaceous nanomaterials, reflecting their surface chemistry and interactions, is helpful in adjusting their properties when tailored for specific applications.
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24
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Zhou K, Yu P, Shi X, Ling T, Zeng W, Chen A, Yang W, Zhou Z. Hierarchically Porous Hydroxyapatite Hybrid Scaffold Incorporated with Reduced Graphene Oxide for Rapid Bone Ingrowth and Repair. ACS NANO 2019; 13:9595-9606. [PMID: 31381856 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.9b04723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Hydroxyapatite (HA), the traditional bone tissue replacement material was widely used in the clinical treatment of bone defects because of its excellent biocompatibility. However, the processing difficulty and poor osteoinductive ability greatly limit the application of HA. Although many strategies have been reported to improve the machinability and osteointegration ability, the performance including mechanical strength, porosity, cell adhesion, etc. of material still can not meet the requirements. In this work, a soft template method was developed and a porous scaffold with hierarchical pore structure, nano surface morphology, suitable porosity and pore size, and good biomechanical strength was successfully prepared. The hierarchical pore structure is beneficial for cell adhesion, fluid transfer, and cell ingrowth. Moreover, the loaded reduced graphene oxide (rGO) can improve the adhesion and promote the proliferation and spontaneous osteogenic differentiation bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. The scaffold is then crushed, degraded and wrapped by the newly formed bone and the newly formed bone gradually replaces the scaffold. The degradation rate of the scaffold well matches the rate of the new bone formation. The hierarchical porous HA/rGO composite scaffolds can greatly accelerate the bone ingrowth in the scaffold and bone repair in critical bone defects, thus providing a clinical potential candidate for large segment bone tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Zhou
- Department of Orthopaedics, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Peng Yu
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Chengdu 610065, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiaojun Shi
- Department of Orthopaedics, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Tingxian Ling
- Department of Orthopaedics, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Weinan Zeng
- Department of Orthopaedics, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Anjing Chen
- Department of Orthopaedics, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Wei Yang
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Chengdu 610065, Sichuan, China
| | - Zongke Zhou
- Department of Orthopaedics, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
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25
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Rosli NF, Fojtů M, Fisher AC, Pumera M. Graphene Oxide Nanoplatelets Potentiate Anticancer Effect of Cisplatin in Human Lung Cancer Cells. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2019; 35:3176-3182. [PMID: 30741550 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.8b03086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Graphene oxide (GO) has been widely explored by many in drug delivery strategies and toxicity assays. The toxicity of graphene oxide depends on the size of the sheets. Smaller sheets show lower toxicity, a quality which is essential for utilization in biomedical applications. However, despite vast research on GO, anticancer properties and drug carrier capabilities of graphene oxide nanoplatelets have yet to be fully explored. Herein, we have uniquely prepared graphene oxide nanoplatelets (GONPs) from well-defined stacked graphite nanofibers (SGNF) with a base of 50 × 50 nm2 for toxicity and drug potentiation studies when coadministered with the chemotherapeutic drug cisplatin (CP) in human lung cancer cells, A549 cells. Results obtained from our studies have found that not only were GONPs able to act as drug carriers, but they can also significantly potentiate anticancer effect of CP in A549 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nur Farhanah Rosli
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences , Nanyang Technological University , 21 Nanyang Link , 637371 Singapore
| | - Michaela Fojtů
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine , Masaryk University , Kamenice 5 , CZ-2500 Brno , Czech Republic
- Center for Advanced Functional Nanorobots, Department of Inorganic Chemistry , University of Chemistry and Technology Prague , Technická 5 , 166 28 Prague 6 , Czech Republic
| | - Adrian C Fisher
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology , University of Cambridge , New Museums Site, Pembroke Street , Cambridge CB2 3RA , United Kingdom
| | - Martin Pumera
- Center for Advanced Functional Nanorobots, Department of Inorganic Chemistry , University of Chemistry and Technology Prague , Technická 5 , 166 28 Prague 6 , Czech Republic
- Future Energy and Innovation Laboratory, Central European Institute of Technology , Brno University of Technology , Purkyňova 656/123 , Brno , CZ-616 00 , Czech Republic
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26
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Gies V, Lopinski G, Augustine J, Cheung T, Kodra O, Zou S. The impact of processing on the cytotoxicity of graphene oxide. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2019; 1:817-826. [PMID: 36132263 PMCID: PMC9473239 DOI: 10.1039/c8na00178b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2018] [Accepted: 11/12/2018] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
In-house prepared graphene oxide (GO) was processed via base washing, sonication, cleaning and combinations of these processing techniques to evaluate the impact on the flake morphology, composition and cytotoxicity of the material. The flakes of unprocessed GO were relatively planar, but upon base washing, the flakes became textured exhibiting many folds and creases observed by AFM. In addition to the pronounced effect on the topography, base washing increased the C/O ratio and increased the cytotoxicity of GO on all four cell lines studied determined via the WST-8 assay. Sonicating the unprocessed and base washed samples resulted in smaller flakes with a similar topography; the base washed flakes lost the texture previously observed upon sonication. The sonicated samples were more toxic than the unprocessed sample, attributed to the smaller flake size, but were interestingly less toxic than the base washed, unsonicated sample despite the base washed unsonicated sample having a larger flake size. This unexpected finding was confirmed by a second analyst using the same, and a different source of GO and resulted in the conclusion that the morphology of GO greatly impacts the cytotoxicity. Cleaning the GO reduced the amount of nitrogen and sulfur impurities in the sample but had no significant impact on the cytotoxicity of the material. It was observed that nutrient depletion via nanomaterial adsorption was not the route of cytotoxicity for the GO samples studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valerie Gies
- Metrology Research Centre, National Research Council Canada 100 Sussex Drive Ottawa Ontario K1A 0R6 Canada
| | - Gregory Lopinski
- Metrology Research Centre, National Research Council Canada 100 Sussex Drive Ottawa Ontario K1A 0R6 Canada
| | - Jerry Augustine
- Metrology Research Centre, National Research Council Canada 100 Sussex Drive Ottawa Ontario K1A 0R6 Canada
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, McMaster University 1280 Main St. W. Hamilton Ontario L8S 4L8 Canada
| | - Timothy Cheung
- Metrology Research Centre, National Research Council Canada 100 Sussex Drive Ottawa Ontario K1A 0R6 Canada
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, McMaster University 1280 Main St. W. Hamilton Ontario L8S 4L8 Canada
| | - Oltion Kodra
- Energy, Mining and Environment Research Centre, National Research Council Canada M-12 Ottawa Ontario K1A 0R6 Canada
| | - Shan Zou
- Metrology Research Centre, National Research Council Canada 100 Sussex Drive Ottawa Ontario K1A 0R6 Canada
- Department of Chemistry, Carleton University 1125 Colonel By Drive Ottawa Ontario K1S 5B6 Canada
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27
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Joshi K, Mazumder B, Chattopadhyay P, Bora NS, Goyary D, Karmakar S. Graphene Family of Nanomaterials: Reviewing Advanced Applications in Drug delivery and Medicine. Curr Drug Deliv 2019; 16:195-214. [DOI: 10.2174/1567201815666181031162208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2018] [Revised: 10/16/2018] [Accepted: 10/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Graphene in nano form has proven to be one of the most remarkable materials. It has a single
atom thick molecular structure and it possesses exceptional physical strength, electrical and electronic
properties. Applications of the Graphene Family of Nanomaterials (GFNs) in different fields of therapy
have emerged, including for targeted drug delivery in cancer, gene delivery, antimicrobial therapy, tissue
engineering and more recently in more diseases including HIV. This review seeks to analyze current
advances of potential applications of graphene and its family of nano-materials for drug delivery and
other major biomedical purposes. Moreover, safety and toxicity are the major roadblocks preventing the
use of GFNs in therapeutics. This review intends to analyze the safety and biocompatibility of GFNs
along with the discussion on the latest techniques developed for toxicity reduction and biocompatibility
enhancement of GFNs. This review seeks to evaluate how GFNs in future will serve as biocompatible
and useful biomaterials in therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bhaskar Mazumder
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dibrugarh University, Dibrugarh, Assam, India
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28
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Adamson SXF, Wang R, Wu W, Cooper B, Shannahan J. Metabolomic insights of macrophage responses to graphene nanoplatelets: Role of scavenger receptor CD36. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0207042. [PMID: 30403754 PMCID: PMC6221354 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0207042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs) are novel two-dimensional engineered nanomaterials consisting of planar stacks of graphene. Although human exposures are increasing, our knowledge is lacking regarding immune-specific responses to GNPs and mechanisms of interactions. Our current study utilizes a metabolite profiling approach to evaluate macrophage responses to GNPs. Furthermore, we assessed the role of the scavenger receptor CD36 in mediating these GNP-induced responses. GNPs were purchased with dimensions of 2 μm × 2 μm × 12 nm. Macrophages were exposed to GNPs at different concentrations of 0, 25, 50, or 100 μg/ml for 1, 3, or 6 h. Following exposure, no cytotoxicity was observed, while GNPs readily associated with macrophages in a concentration-dependent manner. After the 1h-pretreatment of either a CD36 competitive ligand sulfo-N-succinimidyl oleate (SSO) or a CD36 specific antibody, the cellular association of GNPs by macrophages was significantly reduced. GNP exposure was determined to alter mitochondrial membrane potential while the pretreatment with a CD36 antibody inhibited these changes. In a separate exposure, macrophages were exposed to GNPs at concentrations of 0, 50, or 100 μg/mL for 1 or 3h or 100 μM SSO (a CD36 specific ligand) for 1h and collected for metabolite profiling. Principal component analysis of identified compounds determined differential grouping based on exposure conditions. The number of compounds changed following exposure was determined to be both concentration- and time-dependent. Identified metabolites were determined to relate to several metabolism pathways such as glutathione metabolism, Pantothenate and CoA biosynthesis, Sphingolipid metabolism, Purine metabolism, arachidonic acid metabolism and others. Lastly, a number of metabolites were found in common between cells exposed to the CD36 receptor ligand, SSO, and GNPs suggesting both CD36-dependent and independent responses to GNP exposure. Together our data demonstrates GNP-macrophage interactions, the role of CD36 in the cellular response, and metabolic pathways disrupted due to exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ruoxing Wang
- School of Industrial Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States of America
| | - Wenzhuo Wu
- School of Industrial Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States of America
| | - Bruce Cooper
- Metabolite Profiling Facility in Bindley Biosciences Center, Discovery Park, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States of America
| | - Jonathan Shannahan
- School of Health Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Amrollahi-Sharifabadi M, Koohi MK, Zayerzadeh E, Hablolvarid MH, Hassan J, Seifalian AM. In vivo toxicological evaluation of graphene oxide nanoplatelets for clinical application. Int J Nanomedicine 2018; 13:4757-4769. [PMID: 30174424 PMCID: PMC6110298 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s168731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Graphene is considered as a wonder material; it is the strongest material on the planet, super-elastic, and conductive. Its application in biomedicine is huge, with a multibillion-dollar industry, and will revolutionize the diagnostic and treatment of diseases. However, its safety and potential toxicity is the main challenge. Methods This study assessed the potential toxicity of graphene oxide nanoplatelets (GONs) in an in vivo animal model using systemic, hematological, biochemical, and histopathological examinations. Normal saline (control group) or GONs (3–6 layers, lateral dimension=5–10 μm, and thickness=0.8–2 nm) at dose rate of 50, 150, or 500 mg/kg were intraperitoneally injected into adult male Wistar rats (n=5) every 48 hours during 1 week to receive each animal a total of four doses. The animals were allowed 2 weeks to recover after the last dosing. Then, animals were killed and the blood was collected for hematological and biochemical analysis. The organs including the liver, kidney, spleen, lung, intestine, brain, and heart were harvested for histopathological evaluations. Results The results showed GONs prevented body weight gain in animals after 21 days, treated at 500 mg/kg, but not in the animals treated at 150 or 50 mg/kg GONs. The biochemical analysis showed a significant increase in total bilirubin, with a significant decrease in triglycerides and high-density lipoprotein in animals treated at 500 mg/kg. Nonetheless, other hematological and biochemical parameters remained statistically insignificant in all GONs treated animals. The most common histopathological findings in the visceral organs were granulomatous reaction with giant cell formation and accumulation of GONs in capsular regions. Also, small foci of neuronal degeneration and necrosis were the most outstanding findings in the brain, including the cerebellum. Conclusion In conclusion, this study shows that GONs without functionalization are toxic. The future study is a comparison of the functionalized with non-functionalized GONs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mohammad Kazem Koohi
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran,
| | - Ehsan Zayerzadeh
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Food Industry and Agriculture, Standard Research Institute, Karaj, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hassan Hablolvarid
- Department of Pathology, Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran
| | - Jalal Hassan
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran,
| | - Alexander M Seifalian
- NanoRegMed ltd, Nanotechnology and Regenerative Medicine Commercialization Centre, The London Bioscience Innovation Centre, London, UK
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Tu Z, Guday G, Adeli M, Haag R. Multivalent Interactions between 2D Nanomaterials and Biointerfaces. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2018; 30:e1706709. [PMID: 29900600 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201706709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2017] [Revised: 02/15/2018] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
2D nanomaterials, particularly graphene, offer many fascinating physicochemical properties that have generated exciting visions of future biological applications. In order to capitalize on the potential of 2D nanomaterials in this field, a full understanding of their interactions with biointerfaces is crucial. The uptake pathways, toxicity, long-term fate of 2D nanomaterials in biological systems, and their interactions with the living systems are fundamental questions that must be understood. Here, the latest progress is summarized, with a focus on pathogen, mammalian cell, and tissue interactions. The cellular uptake pathways of graphene derivatives will be discussed, along with health risks, and interactions with membranes-including bacteria and viruses-and the role of chemical structure and modifications. Other novel 2D nanomaterials with potential biomedical applications, such as transition-metal dichalcogenides, transition-metal oxide, and black phosphorus will be discussed at the end of this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoxu Tu
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustrasse 3, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Guy Guday
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustrasse 3, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Mohsen Adeli
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustrasse 3, 14195, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Lorestan University, 68151-44316, Khoramabad, Iran
| | - Rainer Haag
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustrasse 3, 14195, Berlin, Germany
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31
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Wang J, Yu S, Zhao Y, Wang X, Wen T, Yang T, Ai Y, Chen Y, Hayat T, Alsaedi A, Wang X. Experimental and theoretical studies of ZnO and MgO for the rapid coagulation of graphene oxide from aqueous solutions. Sep Purif Technol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2017.03.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Jahan S, Yusoff IB, Alias YB, Bakar AFBA. Reviews of the toxicity behavior of five potential engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) into the aquatic ecosystem. Toxicol Rep 2017; 4:211-220. [PMID: 28959641 PMCID: PMC5615119 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2017.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2016] [Revised: 03/07/2017] [Accepted: 04/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Presently, engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) are used in a wide variety of commercial applications, resulting in an uncontrolled introduction into the aquatic environment. The purpose of this review is to summarize the pathways and factors that controlling the transport and toxicity of five extensively used ENMs. These toxicological pathways are of great importance and need to be addressed for sustainable implications of ENMs without environmental liabilities. Here we discuss five potentially utilized ENMs with their possible toxicological risk factors to aquatic plants, vertebrates model and microbes. Moreover, the key effect of ENMs surface transformations by significant reaction with environmental objects such as dissolved natural organic matter (DOM) and the effect of ENMs surface coating and surface charge will also be debated. The transformations of ENMs are subsequently facing a major ecological transition that is expected to create a substantial toxicological effect towards the ecosystem. These transformations largely involve chemical and physical processes, which depend on the properties of both ENMs and the receiving medium. In this review article, the critical issues that controlling the transport and toxicity of ENMs are reviewed by exploiting the latest reports and future directions and targets are keenly discussed to minimize the pessimistic effects of ENMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanaz Jahan
- Department of Geology, Environmental and Earth Sciences, Faculty of Science, University Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, 50603, Malaysia
| | - Ismail Bin Yusoff
- Department of Geology, Environmental and Earth Sciences, Faculty of Science, University Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, 50603, Malaysia
| | - Yatimah Binti Alias
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, 50603, Malaysia
- University Malaya Centre for Ionic Liquids (UMCiL), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, 50603, Malaysia
| | - Ahmad Farid Bin Abu Bakar
- Department of Geology, Environmental and Earth Sciences, Faculty of Science, University Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, 50603, Malaysia
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Liu X, Duan G, Li W, Zhou Z, Zhou R. Membrane destruction-mediated antibacterial activity of tungsten disulfide (WS2). RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra06442j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Tungsten disulfide (WS2) demonstrates clear antibacterial activity through inducing mechanical damage to the bacteria membrane integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Liu
- Institute of Quantitative Biology and Medicine
- SRMP and RAD-X
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions
- Soochow University
- Suzhou 215123
| | - Guangxin Duan
- Institute of Quantitative Biology and Medicine
- SRMP and RAD-X
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions
- Soochow University
- Suzhou 215123
| | - Weifeng Li
- Institute of Quantitative Biology and Medicine
- SRMP and RAD-X
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions
- Soochow University
- Suzhou 215123
| | - Zhufa Zhou
- College of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering and Material Science
- Soochow University
- Suzhou 215123
- China
| | - Ruhong Zhou
- Institute of Quantitative Biology and Medicine
- SRMP and RAD-X
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions
- Soochow University
- Suzhou 215123
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Effective energy harvesting from a single electrode based triboelectric nanogenerator. Sci Rep 2016; 6:38835. [PMID: 27958317 PMCID: PMC5153641 DOI: 10.1038/srep38835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2016] [Accepted: 11/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The arch-shaped single electrode based triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) is fabricated using thin film of reduced graphene oxide nanoribbons (rGONRs) with polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) polymer used as binder to effectively convert mechanical energy into electrical energy. The incorporation of rGONRs in PVDF polymer enhances average surface roughness of rGONRs/PVDF thin film. With the combination of the enhancement of average roughness and production of functional groups, which indicate improve charge storage capacity of prepared film. Furthermore, the redox peaks obtained through cyclic voltammetry were identified more in rGONRs/PVDF composite in comparison to pristine rGONRs to confirm charge transfer capability of film. Herein, the output performance was discussed experimentally as well as theoretically, maximum voltage was obtained to be 0.35 V. The newly designed TENG to harvest mechanical energy and opens up many new avenues of research in the energy harvesting applications.
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Graphene Oxide Nanoribbons Induce Autophagic Vacuoles in Neuroblastoma Cell Lines. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17121995. [PMID: 27916824 PMCID: PMC5187795 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17121995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2016] [Revised: 10/11/2016] [Accepted: 11/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Since graphene nanoparticles are attracting increasing interest in relation to medical applications, it is important to understand their potential effects on humans. In the present study, we prepared graphene oxide (GO) nanoribbons by oxidative unzipping of single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) and analyzed their toxicity in two human neuroblastoma cell lines. Neuroblastoma is the most common solid neoplasia in children. The hallmark of these tumors is the high number of different clinical variables, ranging from highly metastatic, rapid progression and resistance to therapy to spontaneous regression or change into benign ganglioneuromas. Patients with neuroblastoma are grouped into different risk groups that are characterized by different prognosis and different clinical behavior. Relapse and mortality in high risk patients is very high in spite of new advances in chemotherapy. Cell lines, obtained from neuroblastomas have different genotypic and phenotypic features. The cell lines SK-N-BE(2) and SH-SY5Y have different genetic mutations and tumorigenicity. Cells were exposed to low doses of GO for different times in order to investigate whether GO was a good vehicle for biological molecules delivering individualized therapy. Cytotoxicity in both cell lines was studied by measuring cellular oxidative stress (ROS), mitochondria membrane potential, expression of lysosomial proteins and cell growth. GO uptake and cytoplasmic distribution of particles were studied by Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) for up to 72 h. The results show that GO at low concentrations increased ROS production and induced autophagy in both neuroblastoma cell lines within a few hours of exposure, events that, however, are not followed by growth arrest or death. For this reason, we suggest that the GO nanoparticle can be used for therapeutic delivery to the brain tissue with minimal effects on healthy cells.
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Interactions of graphene with mammalian cells: Molecular mechanisms and biomedical insights. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2016; 105:145-162. [PMID: 27569910 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2016.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 166] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2016] [Revised: 08/18/2016] [Accepted: 08/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Carbon-based functional nanomaterials have attracted immense scientific interest from many disciplines and, due to their extraordinary properties, have offered tremendous potential in a diverse range of applications. Among the different carbon nanomaterials, graphene is one of the newest and is considered the most important. Graphene, a monolayer material composed of sp2-hybridized carbon atoms hexagonally arranged in a two-dimensional structure, can be easily functionalized by chemical modification. Functionalized graphene and its derivatives have been used in diverse nano-biotechnological applications, such as in environmental engineering, biomedicine, and biotechnology. However, the prospective use of graphene-related materials in a biological context requires a detailed comprehension of these materials, which is essential for expanding their biomedical applications in the future. In recent years, the number of biological studies involving graphene-related nanomaterials has rapidly increased. These studies have documented the effects of the biological interactions between graphene-related materials and different organizational levels of living systems, ranging from biomolecules to animals. In the present review, we will summarize the recent progress in understanding mainly the interactions between graphene and cells. The impact of graphene on intracellular components, and especially the uptake and transport of graphene by cells, will be discussed in detail.
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Lalwani G, D'Agati M, Khan AM, Sitharaman B. Toxicology of graphene-based nanomaterials. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2016; 105:109-144. [PMID: 27154267 PMCID: PMC5039077 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2016.04.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2016] [Revised: 03/28/2016] [Accepted: 04/26/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Graphene based nanomaterials possess remarkable physiochemical properties suitable for diverse applications in electronics, telecommunications, energy and healthcare. The human and environmental exposure to graphene-based nanomaterials is increasing due to advancements in the synthesis, characterization and large-scale production of graphene and the subsequent development of graphene based biomedical and consumer products. A large number of in vitro and in vivo toxicological studies have evaluated the interactions of graphene-based nanomaterials with various living systems such as microbes, mammalian cells, and animal models. A significant number of studies have examined the short- and long-term in vivo toxicity and biodistribution of graphene synthesized by variety of methods and starting materials. A key focus of these examinations is to properly associate the biological responses with chemical and morphological properties of graphene. Several studies also report the environmental and genotoxicity response of pristine and functionalized graphene. This review summarizes these in vitro and in vivo studies and critically examines the methodologies used to perform these evaluations. Our overarching goal is to provide a comprehensive overview of the complex interplay of biological responses of graphene as a function of their physiochemical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaurav Lalwani
- Theragnostic Technologies Inc., Long Island High Technology Incubator Suite 123, Stony Brook, NY 11790, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794-5281, USA.
| | - Michael D'Agati
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794-5281, USA
| | - Amit Mahmud Khan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794-5281, USA
| | - Balaji Sitharaman
- Theragnostic Technologies Inc., Long Island High Technology Incubator Suite 123, Stony Brook, NY 11790, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794-5281, USA.
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38
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Graphene in therapeutics delivery: Problems, solutions and future opportunities. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2016; 104:235-50. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2016.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 163] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2015] [Revised: 04/12/2016] [Accepted: 04/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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Patel SC, Lee S, Lalwani G, Suhrland C, Chowdhury SM, Sitharaman B. Graphene-based platforms for cancer therapeutics. Ther Deliv 2016; 7:101-16. [PMID: 26769305 PMCID: PMC4976992 DOI: 10.4155/tde.15.93] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2015] [Accepted: 11/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Graphene is a multifunctional carbon nanomaterial and could be utilized to develop platform technologies for cancer therapies. Its surface can be covalently and noncovalently functionalized with anticancer drugs and functional groups that target cancer cells and tissue to improve treatment efficacies. Furthermore, its physicochemical properties can be harnessed to facilitate stimulus responsive therapeutics and drug delivery. This review article summarizes the recent literature specifically focused on development of graphene technologies to treat cancer. We will focus on advances at the interface of graphene based drug/gene delivery, photothermal/photodynamic therapy and combinations of these techniques. We also discuss the current understanding in cytocompatibility and biocompatibility issues related to graphene formulations and their implications pertinent to clinical cancer management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunny C Patel
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794-5281, USA
| | - Stephen Lee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794-5281, USA
| | - Gaurav Lalwani
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794-5281, USA
| | - Cassandra Suhrland
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794-5281, USA
| | | | - Balaji Sitharaman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794-5281, USA
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Hu Q, Jiao B, Shi X, Valle RP, Zuo YY, Hu G. Effects of graphene oxide nanosheets on the ultrastructure and biophysical properties of the pulmonary surfactant film. NANOSCALE 2015; 7:18025-9. [PMID: 26482703 PMCID: PMC4854527 DOI: 10.1039/c5nr05401j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Graphene oxide (GO) is the most common derivative of graphene and has been used in a large range of biomedical applications. Despite considerable progress in understanding its cytotoxicity, its potential inhalation toxicity is still largely unknown. As the pulmonary surfactant (PS) film is the first line of host defense, interaction with the PS film determines the fate of the inhaled nanomaterials and their potential toxicity. Using a coarse-grained molecular dynamics model, we reported, for the first time, a novel mechanism of toxicity caused by the inhaled GO nanosheets. Upon deposition, the GO nanosheets induce pores in the PS film and thus have adverse effects on the ultrastructure and biophysical properties of the PS film. Notably, the pores induced by GO nanosheets result in increasing the compressibility of the PS film, which is an important indication of surfactant inhibition. In vitro experiments have also been conducted to study the interactions between GO and animal-derived natural PS films, qualitatively confirming the simulation results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinglin Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Nonlinear Mechanics, Beijing Key Laboratory of Engineered Construction and Mechanobiology, Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.
| | - Bao Jiao
- State Key Laboratory of Nonlinear Mechanics, Beijing Key Laboratory of Engineered Construction and Mechanobiology, Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.
| | - Xinghua Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Nonlinear Mechanics, Beijing Key Laboratory of Engineered Construction and Mechanobiology, Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.
| | - Russell P Valle
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, USA.
| | - Yi Y Zuo
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, USA.
| | - Guoqing Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Nonlinear Mechanics, Beijing Key Laboratory of Engineered Construction and Mechanobiology, Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.
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Aslan S, Anik Ü. Microbial glucose biosensors based on glassy carbon paste electrodes modified with Gluconobacter Oxydans and graphene oxide or graphene-platinum hybrid nanoparticles. Mikrochim Acta 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s00604-015-1590-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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42
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Shah P, Narayanan TN, Li CZ, Alwarappan S. Probing the biocompatibility of MoS2 nanosheets by cytotoxicity assay and electrical impedance spectroscopy. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2015; 26:315102. [PMID: 26183754 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/26/31/315102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Transition metal dichalgogenides such as MoS2 have recently emerged as hot two-dimensional (2D) materials due to their superior electronic and catalytic properties. Recently, we have reported the usefulness of MoS2 nanosheets toward the electrochemical detection of neurotransmitters and glucose (Narayanan et al 2014 Nanotechnology 25 335702). Furthermore, there are reports available in the literature that demonstrate the usefulness of MoS2 nanosheets for biosensing and energy storage applications (Zhu et al 2013 J. Am. Chem. Soc. 135 5998-6001; Pumera and Loo 2014 Trends Anal. Chem. 61 49-53; Lee et al 2014 Sci. Rep. 4 7352; Stephenson et al 2014 Energy Environ. Sci. 7 209-31). Understanding the cytotoxic effect of any material is very important prior to employing them for any in vivo biological applications such as implantable sensors, chips, or carriers for drug delivery and cell imaging purposes. Herein, we report the cytotoxicity of the MoS2 nanosheets based on the cytotoxic assay results and electrical impedance analysis using rat pheochromocytoma cells (PC12) and rat adrenal medulla endothelial cells (RAMEC). Our results indicated that the MoS2 nanosheets synthesized in our work are safe 2D nanosheets for futuristic biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pratikkumar Shah
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33174, USA
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Mokdad A, Dimos K, Zoppellaro G, Tucek J, Perman JA, Malina O, Andersson KK, Ramanatha Datta KK, Froning JP, Zboril R. The non-innocent nature of graphene oxide as a theranostic platform for biomedical applications and its reactivity towards metal-based anticancer drugs. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra13831k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The self-assembly process of a mononuclear iron(ii) complex as anticancer agent with graphene oxide (GO) unveils the ability of GO to oxidize the metal drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Audrey Mokdad
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials
- 78371 Olomouc
- Czech Republic
| | - Konstantinos Dimos
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering
- University of Ioannina
- GR-45110 Ioannina
- Greece
| | - Giorgio Zoppellaro
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials
- 78371 Olomouc
- Czech Republic
| | - Jiri Tucek
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials
- 78371 Olomouc
- Czech Republic
| | - Jason A. Perman
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials
- 78371 Olomouc
- Czech Republic
| | - Ondrej Malina
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials
- 78371 Olomouc
- Czech Republic
| | | | | | - Jens Peter Froning
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials
- 78371 Olomouc
- Czech Republic
| | - Radek Zboril
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials
- 78371 Olomouc
- Czech Republic
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Chng ELK, Sofer Z, Pumera M. MoS₂ exhibits stronger toxicity with increased exfoliation. NANOSCALE 2014; 6:14412-14418. [PMID: 25341082 DOI: 10.1039/c4nr04907a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
MoS₂ belong to a class of inorganic 2D nanomaterials known as transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) which have recently attracted a renewed and growing interest due to their interesting electronic and catalytic properties when scaled down to single or few layer sheets. Although exfoliated MoS₂ nanosheets have been proposed for numerous energy-related and biosensing applications, little is known about the toxicological impacts of using MoS₂ nanosheets. Here, we report about the in vitro toxicity of MoS₂ nanosheets that have been chemically exfoliated with different lithium intercalating agents and compared their respective cytotoxic influence. Methyllithium (Me-Li), n-butyllithium (n-Bu-Li) and tert-butyllithium (t-Bu-Li) were used for the exfoliation of bulk MoS₂ and we found the t-Bu-Li and n-Bu-Li exfoliated MoS₂ nanosheets to be more cytotoxic than MoS₂ exfoliated by Me-Li. t-Bu-Li and n-Bu-Li provide more efficient exfoliation over Me-Li, and we establish that the extent of exfoliation that MoS₂ undergo is a factor influencing their toxicity. Specifically, the more exfoliated the MoS₂ nanosheets, the stronger its cytotoxic influence, which may be due to an increase in surface area and active edge sites. The potential toxicity of these MoS₂ nanosheets should be taken into account before their employment in real world applications and we have shown the effect the amount of exfoliation can have on the toxicity of MoS₂ nanosheets, representing the first step towards a better understanding of their toxicological properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elaine Lay Khim Chng
- Division of Chemistry & Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371.
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