1
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Omidian H, Mfoafo K. Three-Dimensional Printing Strategies for Enhanced Hydrogel Applications. Gels 2024; 10:220. [PMID: 38667639 PMCID: PMC11049339 DOI: 10.3390/gels10040220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Revised: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
This study explores the dynamic field of 3D-printed hydrogels, emphasizing advancements and challenges in customization, fabrication, and functionalization for applications in biomedical engineering, soft robotics, and tissue engineering. It delves into the significance of tailored biomedical scaffolds for tissue regeneration, the enhancement in bioinks for realistic tissue replication, and the development of bioinspired actuators. Additionally, this paper addresses fabrication issues in soft robotics, aiming to mimic biological structures through high-resolution, multimaterial printing. In tissue engineering, it highlights efforts to create environments conducive to cell migration and functional tissue development. This research also extends to drug delivery systems, focusing on controlled release and biocompatibility, and examines the integration of hydrogels with electronic components for bioelectronic applications. The interdisciplinary nature of these efforts highlights a commitment to overcoming material limitations and optimizing fabrication techniques to realize the full potential of 3D-printed hydrogels in improving health and well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Omidian
- Barry and Judy Silverman College of Pharmacy, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33314, USA;
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2
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Dinh TD, Park K, Hwang S. Variable Nanoelectrode at the Air/Water Interface by Hydrogel-Integrated Atomic Force Microscopy Electrochemical Platform. Anal Chem 2023. [PMID: 37468162 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c01271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
A nanoelectrode with a controllable area was developed using commercial atomic force microscopy and a hydrogel. Although tremendous advantages of small electrodes from micrometer scale down to nanometer scale have been previously reported for a wide range of applications, precise and high-throughput fabrication remains an obstacle. In this work, the set-point feedback current in a modified scanning ionic conductance microscopy system controlled the formation of electrodes with a nanometer-sized area by contact between the boron-doped diamond (BDD) tip and the agarose hydrogel. The modulation of the electroactive area of the BDD-coated nanoelectrode in the hydrogel was successively investigated by the finite element method and cyclic voltammetry with the use of a redox-contained hydrogel. Moreover, this nanoelectrode enables the simultaneous imaging of both the topography and electrochemical activity of a polymeric microparticle embedded in a hydrogel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thanh Duc Dinh
- Department of Advanced Materials Chemistry, Korea University, Sejong 30019, Korea
| | - Kyungsoon Park
- Department of Chemistry and Cosmetics, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea
| | - Seongpil Hwang
- Department of Advanced Materials Chemistry, Korea University, Sejong 30019, Korea
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3
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Dinh TD, Jang JW, Hwang S. Long-Range Electrification of an Air/Electrolyte Interface and Probing Potential of Zero Charge by Conductive Amplitude-Modulated Atomic Force Microscopy. Anal Chem 2023; 95:2901-2908. [PMID: 36691706 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c04461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The structure of an electrical double layer (EDL) at the interface of electrode/electrolyte or air/electrode/electrolyte is a fundamental aspect, however not fully understood. The potential of zero charge (PZC) is one of the clues to dictate the EDL, where the excess charge on the electrode surface is zero. Here, a nanoscale configuration of immersion method was proposed by integrating an electrochemical system into conductive atomic force spectroscopy under the amplitude modulation (AM) mode and agarose gel as the solid-liquid electrolyte. The PZC of boron-doped diamond was determined to be at 0.2 V (vs Ag/AgCl). By AM spectroscopy, the capacitive force shows remote electrification without direct electrode/electrolyte contact, which is dependent on the population of ions at the air/electrolyte interface. The surface potential by alignment of water is also evaluated. Prospectively, our study could benefit applications such as PZC measurement and non-electrode electrochemical processes at the air/electrolyte interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thanh Duc Dinh
- Department of Advanced Materials Chemistry, Korea University, Sejong 30019, Korea
| | - Jae-Won Jang
- Division of Physics and Semiconductor Science, Dongguk University, Seoul 04620, Korea
| | - Seongpil Hwang
- Department of Advanced Materials Chemistry, Korea University, Sejong 30019, Korea
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4
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Kim J, Kim BK, Park K. Electrodeposition of Silver Nanoparticles on Indium-Doped Tin Oxide Using Hydrogel Electrolyte for Hydrogen Peroxide Sensing. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 13:nano13010048. [PMID: 36615957 PMCID: PMC9824541 DOI: 10.3390/nano13010048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Nanoparticles are used in various fields, including fuel cells, energy conversion devices, and sensors, because of their large surface area and excellent catalytic properties. Although various methods of synthesizing nanoparticles are available, the most popular is the solution-phase reduction of metal ions. Electrodeposition is a method of reducing metal ions in solution and is widely used because of its various advantages. In this study, Ag nanoparticles with a narrow size distribution were evenly dispersed on the surface of an electrode by applying electrodeposition in an agarose hydrogel medium instead of in solution, confirming the feasibility of Ag deposition in agarose hydrogel, even at a lower reduction potential than that in solution. These results are attributed to the electrolyte effect owing to the hydrophilic backbone of the agarose hydrogel and the gel effect, which reduces unexpected convection. H2O2 was detected by using the Ag nanoparticles synthesized in agarose hydrogel, and the limit of detection for H2O2 was found to be 4.82 µM, with a dynamic range of 1-500 µM. The nanoparticle synthesis platform proposed in this study is expected to be actively used for the synthesis of other metal/nonmetal nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihyeon Kim
- Department of Chemistry and Cosmetics, Jeju National University, Jeju 690-756, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung-Kwon Kim
- Department of Chemistry and Nanoscience, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
- Correspondence: (B.-K.K.); (K.P.); Tel.: +82-2-3277-6578 (B.-K.K.); +82-64-754-3545 (K.P.); Fax: +82-2-3277-2385 (B.-K.K.); +82-64-756-3561 (K.P.)
| | - Kyungsoon Park
- Department of Chemistry and Cosmetics, Jeju National University, Jeju 690-756, Republic of Korea
- Correspondence: (B.-K.K.); (K.P.); Tel.: +82-2-3277-6578 (B.-K.K.); +82-64-754-3545 (K.P.); Fax: +82-2-3277-2385 (B.-K.K.); +82-64-756-3561 (K.P.)
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5
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Scanning gel electrochemical microscopy: Combination with quartz crystal microbalance for studying the electrolyte residue. Electrochim Acta 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2022.141455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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6
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Kim BK, Park K. Mass Transport Properties and Influence of Natural Convection for Voltammetry at the Agarose Hydrogel Interface. J ELECTROCHEM SCI TE 2022. [DOI: 10.33961/jecst.2022.00129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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7
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Kaniewska K, Karbarz M. Electrochemical devices based on conducting surfaces modified with smart hydrogels: Outlook and perspective. ELECTROCHEMICAL SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/elsa.202100172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Klaudia Kaniewska
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biological and Chemical Research Center University of Warsaw Warsaw Poland
| | - Marcin Karbarz
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biological and Chemical Research Center University of Warsaw Warsaw Poland
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8
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Oh E, Golnabi R, Walker DA, Mirkin CA. Electrochemical Polymer Pen Lithography. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2021; 17:e2100662. [PMID: 34110664 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202100662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The development of a massively parallel lithographic technique called electrochemical polymer pen lithography is reported. Pyramidal pen arrays, consisting of more than 10 000 hydrogel pens loaded with metal salts, are integrated into a three-electrode cell and used to locally reduce ions at each pen tip. This system enables high-throughput patterning of a variety of metallic inks (e.g., Ni2+ , Pt2+ , Ag+ ) on the nanometer to micrometer length scale. By incorporating a z-direction piezo actuator, the extension length and dwell time can be used to precisely define feature dimensions (210 to 10 µm in width, and up to 900 nm in height, thus far). Furthermore, by controlling the potential and precursor concentrations, more than one element can be simultaneously deposited, creating a new tool for the synthesis of alloy features, such as NiCo, which are relevant for catalysis. Importantly, this methodology enables fine control over feature size and composition in a single pattern, which may make it ultimately useful for rapid, high-throughput combinatorial screening of metallic features.
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Affiliation(s)
- EunBi Oh
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Rd., Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
- International Institute for Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Rustin Golnabi
- International Institute for Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Rd., Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - David A Walker
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Rd., Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
- International Institute for Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Chad A Mirkin
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Rd., Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
- International Institute for Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Rd., Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
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9
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Hydrogel-filled micropipette contact systems for solid state electrochemical measurements. J Solid State Electrochem 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s10008-020-04651-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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10
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Yun C, Kang H, Kwak J, Hwang S. Do-It-Yourself Pyramidal Mold for Nanotechnology. ACS OMEGA 2019; 4:14599-14604. [PMID: 31528814 PMCID: PMC6740185 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.9b01995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 08/13/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The handcrafted fabrication of a pyramidal mold on a silicon wafer for nanopatterning was investigated. This process started with the manual delivery of an aqueous glycerol solution onto the SiO2/Si wafer using a micropipette and subsequent drying to form a hemisphere whose diameter is in the range of hundreds of micrometers. A coating of polystyrene (PS) onto this wafer generates a circular hole caused by dewetting. Subsequently, anisotropic wet-etching with the PS film as a mask produces a pyramidal trench, whose apex approaches hundreds of nanometers. Various elastomeric materials were casted into this pyramidal mold. A pyramidal tip mounted on a simple micropositioner was used for electrochemistry and patterning of a protein. First, an agarose hydrogel was cast with a hydrogel pen for the electrochemical reaction (HYPER). The redox reaction at the HYPER-electrode interface demonstrated the characteristics of an ultramicroelectrode or bulk electrode based on the contact area. Second, the pyramidal polydimethylsiloxane served as a polymer pen for the contact printing of silane on a glass substrate. After the successive immobilization of biotin and avidin with fluorescence labeling, the resulting fluorescence image demonstrated the successful patterning of the protein. This new process for the creation of a pyramidal mold, referred to as a "do-it-yourself" process, offers advantages to nonspecialists in nanotechnology compared to conventional lithography, specifically simplicity, rapidity, and low cost.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changsuk Yun
- Department
of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of
Science and Technology, 291, Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Hosuk Kang
- Department
of Advanced Materials Chemistry, Korea University, 2511, Sejong-ro, Sejong 30019, Republic of Korea
| | - Juhyoun Kwak
- Department
of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of
Science and Technology, 291, Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Seongpil Hwang
- Department
of Advanced Materials Chemistry, Korea University, 2511, Sejong-ro, Sejong 30019, Republic of Korea
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11
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Yun C, Hwang S, Kwak J. A wet-chemistry-based hydrogel sensing platform for 2D imaging of pressure, chemicals and temperature. NANOSCALE 2018; 10:13581-13588. [PMID: 29974907 DOI: 10.1039/c8nr02080a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Human skin can perceive pressure, chemical compounds and temperature with a high spatial resolution via specific receptors. Inspired by human skin, we present a wet-chemistry based hydrogel sensing platform for 2D imaging sensitive to specific external stimuli, e.g., pressure, chemicals and temperature. This platform is composed of a hydrogel pyramidal array on a single electrode. Each pyramid serves as a spatially separated reservoir for chemical reactions, enabling independent pixels for sensing without individual electrodes. Depending on the electrochemiluminescence (ECL) electrolyte for specific stimuli, our platform possesses 2D imaging capabilities with high sensitivity for pH and temperature in addition to pressure via the deformation of the viscoelastic hydrogel. This work represents an important step toward the application of sensitive chemical reactions for various external stimuli to biocompatible electronic skins based on hydrogels without addressing circuit for each pixel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changsuk Yun
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 30101, Republic of Korea.
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12
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Luo W, Wu T, Chen B, Liang M, Zou H. Highly Stretchable Conductors Based on Expanded Graphite Macroconfined in Tubular Rubber. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:43239-43249. [PMID: 29137456 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b08866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Highly stretchable and durable conductors are significant to the development of wearable devices, robots, human-machine interfaces, and other artificial intelligence products. Although many respectable methods have been reported, it is still a challenge to fabricate stretchable conductors with a large elastic limit, high conductivity, and excellent reliability in rapid, effective, and economic ways. Herein, a facile method is offered to fabricate high-performance stretchable tubular conductors (TCs) based on a macroconfined structure of expanded graphite (EG) in rubber tubing by simply physical packing. The maximum original electrical conductivity of TCs reached a high value of 160.6 S/cm. Meanwhile, TCs showed more insensitive response of conductivity to increasing tensile strain compared to the TCs encapsulated with liquid metal or ionic liquid. The conductivity and effective stretchability of TCs can be adjusted by varying the packing density of EG. A low gauge factor below 3 was reached even under 400% stretching for TCs with a packing density of 1.233 g/cm3. The excellent resilience and good stability of conductivity of TCs during dynamic stretching-releasing cycles are attributed to the stable and rapid reconstruction of the percolation network of EG particles. The combination of high conductivity, tunable stretchability, and good reliability renders potential applications to TCs, such as highly stretchable interconnects or strain sensors, in human motion detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Polymer Research Institute of Sichuan University , Chengdu 610065, China
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Sheffield , Mappin Street, Sheffield S1 3JD, U.K
| | - Tongfei Wu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Sheffield , Mappin Street, Sheffield S1 3JD, U.K
| | - Biqiong Chen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Sheffield , Mappin Street, Sheffield S1 3JD, U.K
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Queen's University Belfast , Stranmillis Road, Belfast BT9 5AH, U.K
| | - Mei Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Polymer Research Institute of Sichuan University , Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Huawei Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Polymer Research Institute of Sichuan University , Chengdu 610065, China
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13
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Zhu F, Cheng L, Yin J, Wu ZL, Qian J, Fu J, Zheng Q. 3D Printing of Ultratough Polyion Complex Hydrogels. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2016; 8:31304-31310. [PMID: 27779379 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b09881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Polyion complex (PIC) hydrogels have been proposed as promising engineered soft materials due to their high toughness and good processability. In this work, we reported manufacturing of complex structures with tough PIC hydrogels based on three-dimensional (3D) printing technology. The strategy relies on the distinct strength of ionic bonding in PIC hydrogels at different stages of printing. In concentrated saline solution, PIC forms viscous solution, which can be directly extruded out of a nozzle into water, where dialyzing out of salt and counterions results in sol-gel transition to form tough physical PIC gel with intricate structures. The printability of PIC solutions was systematically investigated by adjusting the PIC material formula and printing parameters in which proper viscosity and gelation rate were found to be key factors for successful 3D printing. Uniaxial tensile tests were performed to printed single fibers and multilayer grids, both exhibiting distinct yet controllable strength and toughness. More complex 3D structures with negative Poisson's ratio, gradient grid, and material anisotropy were constructed as well, demonstrating the flexible printability of PIC hydrogels. The methodology and capability here provide a versatile platform to fabricate complex structures with tough PIC hydrogels, which should broaden the use of such materials in applications such as biomedical devices and artificial tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Libo Cheng
- The State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems, Key Laboratory of 3D Printing Process and Equipment of Zhejiang Province, School of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310028, China
| | - Jun Yin
- The State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems, Key Laboratory of 3D Printing Process and Equipment of Zhejiang Province, School of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310028, China
| | | | | | - Jianzhong Fu
- The State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems, Key Laboratory of 3D Printing Process and Equipment of Zhejiang Province, School of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310028, China
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14
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Ozawa F, Ino K, Shiku H, Matsue T. Electrochemical Hydrogel Lithography of Calcium-Alginate Hydrogels for Cell Culture. MATERIALS 2016; 9:ma9090744. [PMID: 28773863 PMCID: PMC5457093 DOI: 10.3390/ma9090744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2016] [Revised: 08/12/2016] [Accepted: 08/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Here we propose a novel electrochemical lithography methodology for fabricating calcium-alginate hydrogels having controlled shapes. We separated the chambers for Ca2+ production and gel formation with alginate with a semipermeable membrane. Ca2+ formed in the production chamber permeated through the membrane to fabricate a gel structure on the membrane in the gel formation chamber. When the calcium-alginate hydrogels were modified with collagen, HepG2 cells proliferated on the hydrogels. These results show that electrochemical hydrogel lithography is useful for cell culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fumisato Ozawa
- Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8579, Japan.
- WPI-Advanced Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8579, Japan.
| | - Kosuke Ino
- Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8579, Japan.
| | - Hitoshi Shiku
- Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8579, Japan.
| | - Tomokazu Matsue
- Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8579, Japan.
- WPI-Advanced Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8579, Japan.
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15
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Hirt L, Ihle S, Pan Z, Dorwling-Carter L, Reiser A, Wheeler JM, Spolenak R, Vörös J, Zambelli T. Template-Free 3D Microprinting of Metals Using a Force-Controlled Nanopipette for Layer-by-Layer Electrodeposition. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2016; 28:2311-5. [PMID: 26783090 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201504967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2015] [Revised: 11/13/2015] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
A novel 3D printing method for voxel-by-voxel metal printing is presented. Hollow atomic force microscopy (AFM) cantilevers are used to locally supply metal ions in an electrochemical cell, enabling a localized electroplating reaction. By exploiting the deflection feedback of these probes, electrochemical 3D metal printing is, for the first time, demonstrated in a layer-by-layer fashion, enabling the fabrication of arbitrary-shaped geometries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Hirt
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Laboratory of Biosensors and Bioelectronics, ETH and University of Zurich, Gloriastrasse 35, CH-8092, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Stephan Ihle
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Laboratory of Biosensors and Bioelectronics, ETH and University of Zurich, Gloriastrasse 35, CH-8092, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Zhijian Pan
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Laboratory of Biosensors and Bioelectronics, ETH and University of Zurich, Gloriastrasse 35, CH-8092, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Livie Dorwling-Carter
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Laboratory of Biosensors and Bioelectronics, ETH and University of Zurich, Gloriastrasse 35, CH-8092, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Alain Reiser
- Department of Materials, Laboratory for Nanometallurgy, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 5, CH 8093, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jeffrey M Wheeler
- Department of Materials, Laboratory for Nanometallurgy, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 5, CH 8093, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ralph Spolenak
- Department of Materials, Laboratory for Nanometallurgy, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 5, CH 8093, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - János Vörös
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Laboratory of Biosensors and Bioelectronics, ETH and University of Zurich, Gloriastrasse 35, CH-8092, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Tomaso Zambelli
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Laboratory of Biosensors and Bioelectronics, ETH and University of Zurich, Gloriastrasse 35, CH-8092, Zurich, Switzerland
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16
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Lee YY, Kang HY, Gwon SH, Choi GM, Lim SM, Sun JY, Joo YC. A Strain-Insensitive Stretchable Electronic Conductor: PEDOT:PSS/Acrylamide Organogels. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2016; 28:1636-43. [PMID: 26684678 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201504606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2015] [Revised: 10/27/2015] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Organogel-based stretchable electronic conductors exhibit electrical conduction even under a large stretching deformation of 300% without electrochemical reactions at DC voltages. The resistance change with stretching is almost strain-insensitive up to 50% strain and it remains at each deformation up to 1000 fatigue cycle. The polymeric conductive paths of PEDOT PSS are well preserved during the mechanical deformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoo-Yong Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 151-742, South Korea
| | - Ho-Young Kang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 151-742, South Korea
| | - Seok Hyeon Gwon
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 151-742, South Korea
| | - Gwang Mook Choi
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 151-742, South Korea
| | - Seung-Min Lim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 151-742, South Korea
| | - Jeong-Yun Sun
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 151-742, South Korea
- Research Institute of Advanced Materials, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 151-742, South Korea
| | - Young-Chang Joo
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 151-742, South Korea
- Research Institute of Advanced Materials, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 151-742, South Korea
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17
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Seol SK, Kim D, Lee S, Kim JH, Chang WS, Kim JT. Electrodeposition-based 3D Printing of Metallic Microarchitectures with Controlled Internal Structures. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2015; 11:3896-3902. [PMID: 25917532 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201500177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2015] [Revised: 03/31/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
3D printing of metallic microarchitectures with controlled internal structures is realized at room temperature in ambient air conditions by the manipulation of metal ion concentration and pulsed electric potentials in the electrolyte meniscus during the meniscus-guided electrodeposition. Precise control of the printing nozzle enables the drawing of complex 3D microarchitectures with well-defined geometries and positions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung Kwon Seol
- Nano Hybrid Technology Research Center, Korea Electrotechnology Research Institute (KERI), Changwon-si, Gyeongsangnam-do, 642-120, South Korea
- Electrical Functional Material Engineering, Korea University of Science and Technology, Changwon-si, Gyeongsangnam-do, 642-120, South Korea
| | - Daeho Kim
- Nano Hybrid Technology Research Center, Korea Electrotechnology Research Institute (KERI), Changwon-si, Gyeongsangnam-do, 642-120, South Korea
- Electrical Functional Material Engineering, Korea University of Science and Technology, Changwon-si, Gyeongsangnam-do, 642-120, South Korea
| | - Sanghyeon Lee
- Nano Hybrid Technology Research Center, Korea Electrotechnology Research Institute (KERI), Changwon-si, Gyeongsangnam-do, 642-120, South Korea
- Department of Electronics and Computer Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, 133-791, South Korea
| | - Jung Hyun Kim
- Nano Hybrid Technology Research Center, Korea Electrotechnology Research Institute (KERI), Changwon-si, Gyeongsangnam-do, 642-120, South Korea
| | - Won Suk Chang
- Nano Hybrid Technology Research Center, Korea Electrotechnology Research Institute (KERI), Changwon-si, Gyeongsangnam-do, 642-120, South Korea
- Department of Electronics and Computer Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, 133-791, South Korea
| | - Ji Tae Kim
- Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems, Heisenbergstrasse 3, Stuttgart, 70569, Germany
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