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Tan J, Xie J, Zhang YF. Synthesis and Micellization of Carbosilane Sulfonate Surfactants with Short Alkyl Chains. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2023; 39:15997-16005. [PMID: 37909176 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.3c02027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2023]
Abstract
Carbosilane surfactants, consisting of carbosilane as a hydrophobic group linked to hydrophilic groups, are one kind of silicone surfactants. In this paper, a series of carbosilane sulfonate surfactants with short alkyl chains (Cn-Si2C-SO3Na (n = 1-6)), Me-Si2C-SO3Na, Et-Si2C-SO3Na, Pr-Si2C-SO3Na, Bu-Si2C-SO3Na, Pen-Si2C-SO3Na, and Hex-Si2C-SO3Na, were prepared and characterized by 29 Si NMR, 1H NMR, and FT-IR spectroscopies. The influence of the alkyl chain length on their micellization was studied using surface tension, dynamic light scattering, conductivity, and transmission electron microscopy. The CMC value decreases with increasing length of the short alkyl group. The γCMC value of Cn-Si2C-SO3Na (n = 1-6) increases as the alkyl chain increases from methyl to propyl, while the γCMC value gradually decreases as the alkyl chain increases from propyl to hexyl. The larger and rigid tetramethyldicarbosilane group functioned synergistically with a short alkyl chain, resulting in carbosilane sulfonate surfactants adsorbing at the air/water interface with a rugby ball shape; accordingly, the Amin values of the investigated carbosilane sulfonate surfactants increase with increasing length of the alkyl chain. The micellization process of carbosilane sulfonate surfactants is enthalpy-driven at lower temperatures and entropy-driven at high temperatures. The ΔHm0 values became more negative and ΔSm0 values more positive as the alkyl chain length increased. Aggregates in the range of 10-800 nm were observed for Cn-Si2C-SO3Na (n = 1-6) in an aqueous solution, and the hydrodynamic diameter (Dh) decreased with increasing length of the short alkyl group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinglin Tan
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Materials Protection for Electric Power and Transportation, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Changsha University of Science and Technology, Changsha 410114, China
| | - Jiangbin Xie
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Materials Protection for Electric Power and Transportation, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Changsha University of Science and Technology, Changsha 410114, China
| | - Yue-Fei Zhang
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Materials Protection for Electric Power and Transportation, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Changsha University of Science and Technology, Changsha 410114, China
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Chavda VP, Raval N, Sheta S, Vora LK, Elrashdy F, Redwan EM, Uversky VN, Ertas YN. Blood filtering system for COVID-19 management: novel modality of the cytokine storm therapeutics. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1064459. [PMID: 37153613 PMCID: PMC10160615 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1064459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The newly emerged coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) is virulent, contagious, and has rapidly gained many mutations, which makes it highly infectious and swiftly transmissible around the world. SARS-CoV-2 infects people of all ages and targets all body organs and their cellular compartments, starting from the respiratory system, where it shows many deleterious effects, to other tissues and organs. Systemic infection can lead to severe cases that require intensive intervention. Multiple approaches were elaborated, approved, and successfully used in the intervention of the SARS-CoV-2 infection. These approaches range from the utilization of single and/or mixed medications to specialized supportive devices. For critically ill COVID-19 patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome, both extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) and hemadsorption are utilized in combination or individually to support and release the etiological factors responsible for the "cytokine storm" underlying this condition. The current report discusses hemadsorption devices that can be used as part of supportive treatment for the COVID-19-associated cytokine storm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivek P. Chavda
- Department of Pharmaceutic and Pharmaceutical Technology, L M College of Pharmacy, Ahmedabad, India
| | - Nidhi Raval
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER) – Ahmedabad, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India
| | - Soham Sheta
- Formulation and Development, Zydus Lifesciences Ltd., Ahmedabad, Gujrat, India
| | - Lalitkumar K. Vora
- School of Pharmacy, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
- *Correspondence: Lalitkumar K. Vora, ; Vladimir N. Uversky, ; Yavuz Nuri Ertas,
| | - Fatma Elrashdy
- Department of Endemic Medicine and Hepatogastroenterology, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Elrashdy M. Redwan
- Biological Science Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Vladimir N. Uversky
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Byrd Alzheimer’s Research Institure, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United States
- *Correspondence: Lalitkumar K. Vora, ; Vladimir N. Uversky, ; Yavuz Nuri Ertas,
| | - Yavuz Nuri Ertas
- ERNAM - Nanotechnology Research and Application Center, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Türkiye
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Türkiye
- *Correspondence: Lalitkumar K. Vora, ; Vladimir N. Uversky, ; Yavuz Nuri Ertas,
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Rodríguez‐Izquierdo I, Sepúlveda‐Crespo D, Lasso JM, Resino S, Muñoz‐Fernández MÁ. Baseline and time-updated factors in preclinical development of anionic dendrimers as successful anti-HIV-1 vaginal microbicides. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS. NANOMEDICINE AND NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY 2022; 14:e1774. [PMID: 35018739 PMCID: PMC9285063 DOI: 10.1002/wnan.1774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Revised: 12/05/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Although a wide variety of topical microbicides provide promising in vitro and in vivo efficacy, most of them failed to prevent sexual transmission of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) in human clinical trials. In vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo models must be optimized, considering the knowledge acquired from unsuccessful and successful clinical trials to improve the current gaps and the preclinical development protocols. To date, dendrimers are the only nanotool that has advanced to human clinical trials as topical microbicides to prevent HIV-1 transmission. This fact demonstrates the importance and the potential of these molecules as microbicides. Polyanionic dendrimers are highly branched nanocompounds with potent activity against HIV-1 that disturb HIV-1 entry. Herein, the most significant advancements in topical microbicide development, trying to mimic the real-life conditions as closely as possible, are discussed. This review also provides the preclinical assays that anionic dendrimers have passed as microbicides because they can improve current antiviral treatments' efficacy. This article is categorized under: Nanotechnology Approaches to Biology > Nanoscale Systems in Biology Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Nanomedicine for Infectious Disease Toxicology and Regulatory Issues in Nanomedicine > Regulatory and Policy Issues in Nanomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Daniel Sepúlveda‐Crespo
- Unidad de Infección Viral e Inmunidad, Centro Nacional de MicrobiologíaInstituto de Salud Carlos IIIMadridSpain
| | | | - Salvador Resino
- Unidad de Infección Viral e Inmunidad, Centro Nacional de MicrobiologíaInstituto de Salud Carlos IIIMadridSpain
| | - Ma Ángeles Muñoz‐Fernández
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM)MadridSpain
- Spanish HIV HGM BioBankMadridSpain
- Section of Immunology, Laboratorio InmunoBiología MolecularHospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón (HGUGM)MadridSpain
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Abstract
The construction of well-defined polyurethane dendrimers is challenging due to the high reactivity of externally added or in situ formed isocyanates leading to the formation of side products. With a primary focus of dendrimer research being the interaction of the periphery and the core, we report the synthesis of a common polyurethane dendron, which allows for the late-stage variation of both the periphery and the core. The periphery can be varied simply by installing a clickable unit in the dendron and then attaching to the core and vice-versa. Thus, a common dendron allows for varying periphery and core in the final two steps. To accomplish this, a protecting group-free, one-pot multicomponent Curtius reaction was utilized to afford a robust and versatile AB2 type polyurethane dendron employing commercially available simple molecules: 5-hydroxyisophthalic acid, 11-bromoundecanol, and 4-penten-1-ol. Subsequent late-stage modifications of either dendrons or dendrimers via a thiol-ene click reaction gave surface-functionalized alternating aromatic-aliphatic polyurethane homodendrimers to generation-three (G3). The dendrons and the dendrimers were characterized by NMR, mass spectrometry, and FT-IR analysis. A bifunctional AB2 type dendritic monomer demonstrated this approach’s versatility that can either undergo a thiol-ene click or attachment to the core. This approach enables the incorporation of functionalities at the periphery and the core that may not withstand the dendrimer growth for the synthesis of polyurethane dendrimers and other dendritic macromolecules.
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Salamończyk GM. A Fast and Convenient Synthesis of New Water-Soluble, Polyanionic Dendrimers. Molecules 2021; 26:4754. [PMID: 34443342 PMCID: PMC8399870 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26164754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Revised: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Reasonably simple, efficient, and possessing aspects of generality, the methodology for the synthesis of new, water-soluble, dendrimeric polyesters with great potential applications as antiviral drugs in their own right is described. The essential aspect of the presented approach is a quite unique, immediate access to the polyanionic material at each generation during divergent synthesis. Six target polyanionic dendrimers (generations 1, 2, and 3) have been synthesized. The key monomers applied in this project were 1,3,5-benzenetricarboxylic acid derivatives, which also worked as direct precursors of the charged dendrimer surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grzegorz M Salamończyk
- Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies, The Polish Academy of Sciences, Sienkiewicza 112, 90-363 Łódź, Poland
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Rodriguez-Izquierdo I, Ceña-Diez R, Serramia MJ, Rodriguez-Fernández R, Martínez I, Muñoz-Fernández M. Role of G2-S16 Polyanionic Carbosilane Dendrimer in the Prevention of Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection In Vitro and In Vivo in Mice. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13132141. [PMID: 34209827 PMCID: PMC8271643 DOI: 10.3390/polym13132141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Revised: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) causes respiratory infection and bronchiolitis, requiring hospitalization mainly in infants. The interaction between RSV, envelope glycoproteins G and F, and cell surface heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPG) is required for binding and entry into the host cells. A G2-S16 polyanionic carbosilane dendrimer was identified as a possible RSV inhibitor. We speculated that the G2-S16 dendrimer adheres to the host cell-surface HSPG, acts through binding to HS receptors, and prevents further RSV infection. The G2-S16 dendrimer was non-toxic when applied intranasally to Balb/c mice, and interestingly enough, this G2-S16 dendrimer inhibits 85% RSV. Therefore, our G2-S16 dendrimer could be a candidate for developing a new possible therapy against RSV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ignacio Rodriguez-Izquierdo
- Immunology Section, Head Inmuno-Biology Molecular Laboratory, Gregorio Marañón University General Hospital (HGUGM), Gregorio Marañón Health Research Institute (IiSGM), 28007 Madrid, Spain; (I.R.-I.); (R.C.-D.); (M.J.S.)
- Spanish HIV HGM BioBank, C/Dr. Esquerdo 46, 28007 Madrid, Spain
| | - Rafael Ceña-Diez
- Immunology Section, Head Inmuno-Biology Molecular Laboratory, Gregorio Marañón University General Hospital (HGUGM), Gregorio Marañón Health Research Institute (IiSGM), 28007 Madrid, Spain; (I.R.-I.); (R.C.-D.); (M.J.S.)
| | - Maria Jesús Serramia
- Immunology Section, Head Inmuno-Biology Molecular Laboratory, Gregorio Marañón University General Hospital (HGUGM), Gregorio Marañón Health Research Institute (IiSGM), 28007 Madrid, Spain; (I.R.-I.); (R.C.-D.); (M.J.S.)
- Spanish HIV HGM BioBank, C/Dr. Esquerdo 46, 28007 Madrid, Spain
| | - Rosa Rodriguez-Fernández
- Hospital de Pediatría, Gregorio Marañón University General Hospital (HGUGM), Gregorio Marañón Health Research Institute (IiSGM), C/Dr. Esquerdo 46, 28007 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Isidoro Martínez
- Unidad de Infección Viral e Inmunidad, Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Majadahonda, 28007 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Mariángeles Muñoz-Fernández
- Immunology Section, Head Inmuno-Biology Molecular Laboratory, Gregorio Marañón University General Hospital (HGUGM), Gregorio Marañón Health Research Institute (IiSGM), 28007 Madrid, Spain; (I.R.-I.); (R.C.-D.); (M.J.S.)
- Spanish HIV HGM BioBank, C/Dr. Esquerdo 46, 28007 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: or ; Tel.: +34-91-462-4684
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Rodriguez-Izquierdo I, Gasco S, Muñoz-Fernández MA. High Preventive Effect of G2-S16 Anionic Carbosilane Dendrimer against Sexually Transmitted HSV-2 Infection. Molecules 2020; 25:E2965. [PMID: 32605185 PMCID: PMC7412300 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25132965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Revised: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Anionic carbosilane dendrimers such as G2-S16 are very effective in preventing HSV-2 infection both in vitro and in vivo. We present the main achievements obtained for the G2-S16 dendrimer in vivo, especially related to its efficacy against HSV-2 infection. Moreover, we discuss the mechanisms by which the G2-S16 dendrimer applied vaginally as a topical microbicide has been demonstrated to be safe and harmless for the vaginal microbiome balance, as both conditions present an essential step that has to be overcome during microbicide development. This review points to the marked protective effect of the G2-S16 dendrimer against sexually transmitted HSV-2 infection, supporting its role as a possible microbicide against HSV-2 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ignacio Rodriguez-Izquierdo
- Immunology Section, Laboratorio InmunoBiología Molecular, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón (HGUGM), Instituto Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), Spanish HIV HGM BioBank, C/Dr. Esquerdo 46, 28007 Madrid, Spain; (I.R.-I.); (S.G.)
- Plataforma de Laboratorio, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, 28007 Madrid, Spain
| | - Samanta Gasco
- Immunology Section, Laboratorio InmunoBiología Molecular, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón (HGUGM), Instituto Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), Spanish HIV HGM BioBank, C/Dr. Esquerdo 46, 28007 Madrid, Spain; (I.R.-I.); (S.G.)
| | - Maria Angeles Muñoz-Fernández
- Immunology Section, Laboratorio InmunoBiología Molecular, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón (HGUGM), Instituto Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), Spanish HIV HGM BioBank, C/Dr. Esquerdo 46, 28007 Madrid, Spain; (I.R.-I.); (S.G.)
- Plataforma de Laboratorio, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, 28007 Madrid, Spain
- Networking Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), 28007 Madrid, Spain
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Sanz del Olmo N, Carloni R, Ortega P, García-Gallego S, de la Mata FJ. Metallodendrimers as a promising tool in the biomedical field: An overview. ADVANCES IN ORGANOMETALLIC CHEMISTRY 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.adomc.2020.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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10
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Gutiérrez-Ulloa C, Peña-González CE, Barrios-Gumiel A, Ceña-Díez R, Serramía-Lobera MJ, Muñoz-Fernández MÁ, Javier de la Mata F, Sánchez-Nieves J, Gómez R. New synthetic procedure for the antiviral sulfonate carbosilane dendrimer G2-S16 and its fluorescein-labelled derivative for biological studies. RSC Adv 2020; 10:20083-20088. [PMID: 35520432 PMCID: PMC9054215 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra03448g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The anionic carbosilane (CBS) dendrimer with sulfonate groups G2-S16 is a promising compound for the preparation of a microbicide gel to prevent HIV infection. However, until now its synthesis required aggressive conditions. Hence, a reliable synthetic procedure is very important to face GMP conditions and clinical trials. In this study, G2-S16 has been prepared by a new approach that involves the addition of an amine-terminated dendrimer to ethenesulfonyl fluoride (C2H3SO3F, ESF) and then transformation to the sulfonate dendrimer by treatment with a base. This strategy also makes feasible the synthesis of a labelled sulfonate dendrimer (G2-S16-FITC) to be used as a molecular probe for in vivo experiments. Interestingly, G2-S16-FITC enters into human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). Ethenesulfonyl fluoride (ESF) is a useful reagent to prepare sulfonate carbosilane dendrimers with antiviral properties and labelled dendrimers for biological studies.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Gutiérrez-Ulloa
- Dpto. de Química Orgánica y Química Inorgánica
- Universidad de Alcalá (UAH)
- Campus Universitario
- Madrid
- Spain
| | - Cornelia E. Peña-González
- Dpto. de Química Orgánica y Química Inorgánica
- Universidad de Alcalá (UAH)
- Campus Universitario
- Madrid
- Spain
| | - Andrea Barrios-Gumiel
- Dpto. de Química Orgánica y Química Inorgánica
- Universidad de Alcalá (UAH)
- Campus Universitario
- Madrid
- Spain
| | - Rafael Ceña-Díez
- Networking Research Centre on Bioengineering
- Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN)
- Spain
- Immunology Section
- Head Immuno-Biology Molecular Laboratory
| | - M. Jesús Serramía-Lobera
- Immunology Section
- Head Immuno-Biology Molecular Laboratory
- Gregorio Marañón University General Hospital (HGUGM)
- Gregorio Marañón Health Research Institute (IiSGM)
- Spanish HIV HGM BioBank
| | - M. Ángeles Muñoz-Fernández
- Networking Research Centre on Bioengineering
- Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN)
- Spain
- Immunology Section
- Head Immuno-Biology Molecular Laboratory
| | - F. Javier de la Mata
- Dpto. de Química Orgánica y Química Inorgánica
- Universidad de Alcalá (UAH)
- Campus Universitario
- Madrid
- Spain
| | - Javier Sánchez-Nieves
- Dpto. de Química Orgánica y Química Inorgánica
- Universidad de Alcalá (UAH)
- Campus Universitario
- Madrid
- Spain
| | - Rafael Gómez
- Dpto. de Química Orgánica y Química Inorgánica
- Universidad de Alcalá (UAH)
- Campus Universitario
- Madrid
- Spain
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Gutierrez-Ulloa CE, Sepúlveda-Crespo D, García-Broncano P, Malý M, Muñoz-Fernández MA, de la Mata FJ, Gómez R. Synthesis of bow-tie carbosilane dendrimers and their HIV antiviral capacity: A comparison of the dendritic topology on the biological process. Eur Polym J 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2019.07.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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12
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Svidchenko EA, Tarasenkov AN, Surin NM, Aisin RR, Demchenko NV, Cherkaev GV, Muzafarov AM. Kinetics of Direct Photoinduced Addition of Carbosilane Thiols with Bulky Groups to Polyallylcarbosilane. POLYMER SCIENCE SERIES B 2019. [DOI: 10.1134/s156009041903014x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Sinha AK, Equbal D. Thiol−Ene Reaction: Synthetic Aspects and Mechanistic Studies of an Anti-Markovnikov-Selective Hydrothiolation of Olefins. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.201800639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Arun K. Sinha
- Medicinal and Process Chemistry Division; C.S.I.R.-Central Drug Research Institute; Council of Scientific and Industrial Research); Lucknow- 226021 (U.P.) India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR); Postal Staff College Area, Sector 19; Kamla Nehru Nagar; Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh- 201002
| | - Danish Equbal
- Medicinal and Process Chemistry Division; C.S.I.R.-Central Drug Research Institute; Council of Scientific and Industrial Research); Lucknow- 226021 (U.P.) India
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Sepúlveda-Crespo D, de la Mata FJ, Gómez R, Muñoz-Fernández MA. Sulfonate-ended carbosilane dendrimers with a flexible scaffold cause inactivation of HIV-1 virions and gp120 shedding. NANOSCALE 2018; 10:8998-9011. [PMID: 29726564 DOI: 10.1039/c8nr01664j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Infection with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) continues to be a global public health issue, especially in low-resource countries. Sexual transmission is responsible for the majority of HIV-1 infections worldwide. Women are more susceptible to HIV-1 acquisition than men and represent nearly 50% of the HIV-infected population. Topical vaginal microbicides that act at the earlier stages of infection offer a prevention strategy to reduce the acquisition of HIV-1. Dendrimers are nano-sized, radially symmetric molecules with a well-defined and monodisperse structure consisting of tree-like arms or branches. We perform a TZM.bl cell line-based screening of two families of carbosilane dendrimers (6 nanocompounds: G1-S12P, G2-S24P, G3-S48P, G1-C12P, G2-C24P and G3-C48P) that we have previously synthesized, containing 12, 24 or 48 sulfonate (or carboxylate) end-groups and a polyphenolic core. This work shows that second- and third-generation sulfonate-ended carbosilane dendrimers with a polyphenolic core (G2-S24P and G3-S48P, respectively) display low cytotoxicity (CC50 > 300 μM) with virucidal anti-R5-HIV-1 activity (EC50 < 50 nM; therapeutic index >6000) causing irreversible HIV-1 inactivation (80-90%) by loss of HIV-1 RNA (40%), gp120 shedding (70-80%) and p24 capsid protein release (45-60%). Herein, we demonstrate that sulfonate end-groups and a flexible scaffold from carbosilane dendrimers strongly influence their properties acting as potent virucides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Sepúlveda-Crespo
- Sección Inmunología, Laboratorio InmunoBiología Molecular, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid 28007, Spain.
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Tarasenkov АN, Getmanova EV, Tatarinova EA, Buzin МI, Demchenko NV, Cherkaev GV, Muzafarov АМ. Synthesis of thioether-containing carbosilane dendrimers with sterically shielded sulfur atoms. Russ Chem Bull 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s11172-017-1940-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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16
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Moreno S, Sepúlveda-Crespo D, de la Mata FJ, Gómez R, Muñoz-Fernández MÁ. New anionic carbosilane dendrons functionalized with a DO3A ligand at the focal point for the prevention of HIV-1 infection. Antiviral Res 2017; 146:54-64. [PMID: 28827122 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2017.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2017] [Revised: 08/07/2017] [Accepted: 08/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Novel third-generation polyanionic carbosilane dendrons with sulfonate or carboxylate end-groups and functionalized with a DO3A ligand at the focal point, and their corresponding copper complexes, have been prepared as antiviral compounds to prevent HIV-1 infection. The topology enables the compound to have an excellent chelating agent, DO3A, while keeping anionic peripheral groups for a therapeutic action. In this study, the cytotoxicity and anti-HIV-1 abilities of carboxylate- (5) or sulfonate-terminated (6) dendrons containing DO3A and their copper complexes (7 or 8) were evaluated. All compounds showed low cytotoxicity and demonstrated potent and broad-spectrum anti-HIV-1 activity in vitro. We also assessed the mode of antiviral action on the inhibition of HIV-1 through a panel of different in vitro antiviral assays. Our results show that copper-free dendron 6 protects the epithelial monolayer from short-term cell disruption. Copper-free dendrons 5 and 6 exert anti-HIV-1 activity at an early stage of the HIV-1 lifecycle by binding to the envelope glycoproteins of HIV-1 and by interacting with the CD4 cell receptor and blocking the binding of gp120 to CD4, and consequently HIV-1 entry. These findings show that copper-free dendrons 5 and 6 have a high potency against HIV-1 infection, confirming their non-specific ability and suggesting that these compounds deserve further study as potential candidate microbicides to prevent HIV-1 transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Moreno
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Universidad de Alcalá, Campus Universitario, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain; CIBER-BBN, Madrid, Spain
| | - Daniel Sepúlveda-Crespo
- CIBER-BBN, Madrid, Spain; Sección Inmunología, Laboratorio InmunoBiología Molecular, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain; Spanish HIV HGM Biobank, Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IISGM), Madrid, Spain
| | - F Javier de la Mata
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Universidad de Alcalá, Campus Universitario, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain; CIBER-BBN, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rafael Gómez
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Universidad de Alcalá, Campus Universitario, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain; CIBER-BBN, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Ma Ángeles Muñoz-Fernández
- CIBER-BBN, Madrid, Spain; Sección Inmunología, Laboratorio InmunoBiología Molecular, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain; Spanish HIV HGM Biobank, Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IISGM), Madrid, Spain.
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Efficacy of carbosilane dendrimers with an antiretroviral combination against HIV-1 in the presence of semen-derived enhancer of viral infection. Eur J Pharmacol 2017; 811:155-163. [PMID: 28577966 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2017.05.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2016] [Revised: 05/30/2017] [Accepted: 05/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Amyloid fibrils, which are present in semen, were considered to be a cause of topical vaginal gel ineffectiveness in vivo after microbicides failed as HIV-1 prophylaxis. Therefore, it was necessary to determine whether a dendrimer was suitable for further evaluation in an in vitro model of semen-enhanced viral infection (SEVI). We demonstrated that SEVI in TZM.bl cell cultures increased the infectivity of R5-HIV-1NL(AD8), pTHRO.c and pCH058.c isolates, causing higher IC50 values for two polyanionic carbosilane dendrimers, G2-STE16 and G3-S16. However, both dendrimers maintained protection rates of 90% at non-toxic concentrations. When dendrimers were combined with Tenofovir/Maraviroc (TDF/MVC), the anti-HIV-1 effect remained at a minimum IC50 increase between 1- and 7-fold in the presence of amyloid fibrils. In peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC), IC50 values were slightly influenced by the presence of semen. In brief, dendrimers combined with antiretrovirals showed a synergistic effect. This result plays a crucial role in new microbicide formulations, as it overcomes the negative effects of amyloid fibrils.
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Factors affecting interactions between sulphonate-terminated dendrimers and proteins: A three case study. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2017; 149:196-205. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2016.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2016] [Revised: 10/07/2016] [Accepted: 10/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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19
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Proof of concept of a “greener” protein purification/enrichment method based on carboxylate-terminated carbosilane dendrimer-protein interactions. Anal Bioanal Chem 2016; 408:7679-7687. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-016-9864-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2016] [Accepted: 08/04/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Rodríguez-Prieto T, Barrios-Gumiel A, de la Mata FJ, Sánchez-Nieves J, Gómez R. Synthesis of degradable cationic carbosilane dendrimers based on Si–O or ester bonds. Tetrahedron 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2016.07.084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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21
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Sepúlveda-Crespo D, Jiménez JL, Gómez R, De La Mata FJ, Majano PL, Muñoz-Fernández MÁ, Gastaminza P. Polyanionic carbosilane dendrimers prevent hepatitis C virus infection in cell culture. NANOMEDICINE-NANOTECHNOLOGY BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2016; 13:49-58. [PMID: 27562210 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2016.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2016] [Revised: 07/11/2016] [Accepted: 08/11/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is a major biomedical problem worldwide. Although new direct antiviral agents (DAAs) have been developed for the treatment of chronic HCV infection, the potential emergence of resistant virus variants and the difficulties to implement their administration worldwide make the development of novel antiviral agents an urgent need. Moreover, no effective vaccine is available against HCV and transmission of the virus still occurs particularly when prophylactic measures are not taken. We used a cell-based system to screen a battery of polyanionic carbosilane dendrimers (PCDs) to identify compounds with antiviral activity against HCV and show that they inhibit effective virus adsorption of major HCV genotypes. Interestingly, one of the PCDs irreversibly destabilized infectious virions. This compound displays additive effect in combination with a clinically relevant DAA, sofosbuvir. Our results support further characterization of these molecules as nanotools for the control of hepatitis C virus spread.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Sepúlveda-Crespo
- Laboratorio InmunoBiología Molecular, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), Spanish HIV-HGM BioBank, Madrid, Spain; Networking Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Madrid, Spain; Plataforma de Laboratorio, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
| | - José Luis Jiménez
- Plataforma de Laboratorio, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain; CIBER-BBN, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rafael Gómez
- Networking Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Madrid, Spain; Departamento de Química Orgánica y Química Inorgánica, Universidad de Alcalá, Campus Universitario, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain; CIBER-BBN, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco Javier De La Mata
- Networking Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Madrid, Spain; Departamento de Química Orgánica y Química Inorgánica, Universidad de Alcalá, Campus Universitario, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain; CIBER-BBN, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Pedro L Majano
- Molecular Biology Unit, Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa (IIS-IP), Madrid, Spain; CIBERehd, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ma Ángeles Muñoz-Fernández
- Laboratorio InmunoBiología Molecular, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), Spanish HIV-HGM BioBank, Madrid, Spain; Networking Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Madrid, Spain; Plataforma de Laboratorio, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain; CIBER-BBN, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Pablo Gastaminza
- Centro Nacional De Biotecnología-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CNB-CSIC), Campus Cantoblanco, Madrid, Spain.
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22
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Sepúlveda-Crespo D, Ceña-Díez R, Jiménez JL, Ángeles Muñoz-Fernández M. Mechanistic Studies of Viral Entry: An Overview of Dendrimer-Based Microbicides As Entry Inhibitors Against Both HIV and HSV-2 Overlapped Infections. Med Res Rev 2016; 37:149-179. [PMID: 27518199 DOI: 10.1002/med.21405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2016] [Revised: 06/16/2016] [Accepted: 07/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
This review provides an overview of the development of different dendrimers, mainly polyanionic, against human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and genital herpes (HSV-2) as topical microbicides targeting the viral entry process. Vaginal topical microbicides to prevent sexually transmitted infections such as HIV and HSV-2 are urgently needed. To inhibit HIV/HSV-2 entry processes, new preventive targets have been established to maximize the current therapies against wild-type and drug-resistant viruses. The entry of HIV/HSV-2 into target cells is a multistep process that triggers a cascade of molecular interactions between viral envelope proteins and cell surface receptors. Polyanionic dendrimers are highly branched nanocompounds with potent activity against HIV/HSV-2. Inhibitors of each entry step have been identified with regard to generations and surface groups, and possible roles for these agents in anti-HIV/HSV-2 therapies have also been discussed. Four potential binding sites for impeding HIV infection (HSPG, DC-SIGN, GSL, and CD4/gp120 inhibitors) and HSV-2 infection (HS, gB, gD, and gH/gL inhibitors) exist according to their mechanisms of action and structures. This review clarifies that inhibition of HIV/HSV-2 entry continues to be a promising target for drug development because nanotechnology can transform the field of HIV/HSV-2 prevention by improving the efficacy of the currently available antiviral treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Sepúlveda-Crespo
- Laboratorio InmunoBiología Molecular, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), Spanish HIV-HGM BioBank, Madrid, Spain.,Networking Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Madrid, Spain
| | - Rafael Ceña-Díez
- Laboratorio InmunoBiología Molecular, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), Spanish HIV-HGM BioBank, Madrid, Spain.,Networking Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Madrid, Spain
| | - José Luis Jiménez
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), Spanish HIV-HGM BioBank, Madrid, Spain.,Networking Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Madrid, Spain.,Plataforma de Laboratorio, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ma Ángeles Muñoz-Fernández
- Laboratorio InmunoBiología Molecular, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), Spanish HIV-HGM BioBank, Madrid, Spain.,Networking Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Madrid, Spain
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23
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das Neves J, Nunes R, Rodrigues F, Sarmento B. Nanomedicine in the development of anti-HIV microbicides. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2016; 103:57-75. [PMID: 26829288 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2016.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2015] [Revised: 01/21/2016] [Accepted: 01/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Prevention plays an invaluable role in the fight against HIV/AIDS. The use of microbicides is considered an interesting potential approach for topical pre-exposure prophylaxis of HIV sexual transmission. The prospects of having an effective product available are expected to be fulfilled in the near future as driven by recent and forthcoming results of clinical trials. Different dosage forms and delivery strategies have been proposed and tested for multiple microbicide drug candidates presently at different stages of the development pipeline. One particularly interesting approach comprises the application of nanomedicine principles to the development of novel anti-HIV microbicides, but its implications to efficacy and safety are not yet fully understood. Nanotechnology-based systems, either presenting inherent anti-HIV activity or acting as drug nanocarriers, may significantly influence features such as drug solubility, stability of active payloads, drug release, interactions between active moieties and virus/cells, intracellular drug delivery, drug targeting, safety, antiviral activity, mucoadhesive behavior, drug distribution and tissue penetration, and pharmacokinetics. The present manuscript provides a comprehensive and holistic overview of these topics as relevant to the development of vaginal and rectal microbicides. In particular, recent advances pertaining inherently active microbicide nanosystems and microbicide drug nanocarriers are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- José das Neves
- i3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal; INEB-Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal; CESPU, Instituto de Investigação e Formação Avançada em Ciências e Tecnologias da Saúde & Instituto Universitário de Ciências da Saúde, Gandra, Portugal.
| | - Rute Nunes
- i3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal; INEB-Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal; ICBAS-Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Francisca Rodrigues
- REQUIMTE, Departamento de Ciências Químicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Bruno Sarmento
- i3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal; INEB-Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal; CESPU, Instituto de Investigação e Formação Avançada em Ciências e Tecnologias da Saúde & Instituto Universitário de Ciências da Saúde, Gandra, Portugal.
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24
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Ceña-Diez R, Vacas-Córdoba E, García-Broncano P, de la Mata FJ, Gómez R, Maly M, Muñoz-Fernández MÁ. Prevention of vaginal and rectal herpes simplex virus type 2 transmission in mice: mechanism of antiviral action. Int J Nanomedicine 2016; 11:2147-62. [PMID: 27274240 PMCID: PMC4876947 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s95301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Topical microbicides to stop sexually transmitted diseases, such as herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2), are urgently needed. The emerging field of nanotechnology offers novel suitable tools for addressing this challenge. Our objective was to study, in vitro and in vivo, antiherpetic effect and antiviral mechanisms of several polyanionic carbosilane dendrimers with anti-HIV-1 activity to establish new potential microbicide candidates against sexually transmitted diseases. Plaque reduction assay on Vero cells proved that G2-S16, G1-S4, and G3-S16 are the dendrimers with the highest inhibitory response against HSV-2 infection. We also demonstrated that our dendrimers inhibit viral infection at the first steps of HSV-2 lifecycle: binding/entry-mediated events. G1-S4 and G3-S16 bind directly on the HSV-2, inactivating it, whereas G2-S16 adheres to host cell-surface proteins. Molecular modeling showed that G1-S4 binds better at binding sites on gB surface than G2-S16. Significantly better binding properties of G1-S4 than G2-S16 were found in an important position for affecting transition of gB trimer from G1-S4 prefusion to final postfusion state and in several positions where G1-S4 could interfere with gB/gH-gL interaction. We demonstrated that these polyanionic carbosilan dendrimers have a synergistic activity with acyclovir and tenofovir against HSV-2, in vitro. Topical vaginal or rectal administration of G1-S4 or G2-S16 prevents HSV-2 transmission in BALB/c mice in values close to 100%. This research represents the first demonstration that transmission of HSV-2 can be blocked by vaginal/rectal application of G1-S4 or G2-S16, providing a step forward to prevent HSV-2 transmission in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Ceña-Diez
- Molecular Immunobiology Laboratory, General Universitary Hospital Gregorio Marañon, Health Research Institute Gregorio Marañon, Spanish HIV HGM BioBank, Networking Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Madrid, Spain
| | - Enrique Vacas-Córdoba
- Molecular Immunobiology Laboratory, General Universitary Hospital Gregorio Marañon, Health Research Institute Gregorio Marañon, Spanish HIV HGM BioBank, Networking Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Madrid, Spain
| | - Pilar García-Broncano
- Molecular Immunobiology Laboratory, General Universitary Hospital Gregorio Marañon, Health Research Institute Gregorio Marañon, Spanish HIV HGM BioBank, Networking Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Madrid, Spain; Viral and Immune Infection Unit Center, Institute of Health Carlos III, Majadahonda Campus, Molecular Immunobiology Laboratory, General Universitary Hospital Gregorio Marañon, Madrid, Spain
| | - F J de la Mata
- Organic and Inorganic Chemistry Department, Alcala University, University Campus Alcala de Heneras, Networking Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Madrid, Spain
| | - Rafael Gómez
- Organic and Inorganic Chemistry Department, Alcala University, University Campus Alcala de Heneras, Networking Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Madrid, Spain
| | - Marek Maly
- Faculty of Science, J.E. Purkinje University, Ústí nad Labem, Czech Republic
| | - M Ángeles Muñoz-Fernández
- Molecular Immunobiology Laboratory, General Universitary Hospital Gregorio Marañon, Health Research Institute Gregorio Marañon, Spanish HIV HGM BioBank, Networking Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Madrid, Spain
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26
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Nanotechnology as a New Therapeutic Approach to Prevent the HIV-Infection of Treg Cells. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0145760. [PMID: 26785250 PMCID: PMC4718685 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0145760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2015] [Accepted: 12/08/2015] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Background HIV-1 has proved to infect regulatory T cells (Treg) modifying their phenotype and impairing their suppressive capacity. As Treg cells are a crucial component in the preservation of the immune homeostasis, we researched that the antiviral capacity of carboxilan dendrimers prevents the HIV-1 infection of Treg and their effects. The phenotype and suppressive capacity of Treg treated or non-treated with carbosilane dendrimers were studied by flow cytometry. Treated and non-treated Treg from healthy donors were infected with HIV-1NL4.3. The infection of Treg cells by HIV-1, and protective effect of two dendrimers were determined by measuring antigen p24gag in the supernatant of the culture and intracellular. Results The Treg cells were treated with cationic and anionic carbosilane dendrimers. The results showed that both dendrimers did not modify the phenotype and functionality of Treg cells compared with non- treated Treg cells. Anionic dendrimers showed high biocompatibility with normal activity of the Treg cells and in antiviral assays. These dendrimers were highly active against HIV-1 preventing the infection of Treg, and were able to protect the Treg from the Foxp3 downregulation induced by the HIV-1 infection. Conclusions This is the first work showing that the in vitro use of anionic dendrimers prevent the HIV-1 replication and the infection of expanded Treg cells in culture, which raises the possibility to use Treg cells therapeutically in HIV-1-infected subjects.
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Ornelas C. Brief Timelapse on Dendrimer Chemistry: Advances, Limitations, and Expectations. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.201500393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Catia Ornelas
- Institute of Chemistry; University of Campinas - Unicamp; Campinas SP 13083-970 Brazil
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Lozano-Cruz T, Ortega P, Batanero B, Copa-Patiño JL, Soliveri J, de la Mata FJ, Gómez R. Synthesis, characterization and antibacterial behavior of water-soluble carbosilane dendrons containing ferrocene at the focal point. Dalton Trans 2015; 44:19294-304. [PMID: 26489707 DOI: 10.1039/c5dt02230d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
A series of novel water-soluble ammonium-terminated carbosilane dendrons containing a ferrocene unit at the focal point were synthesized, in order to combine the unique redox activity of ferrocene and the precisely designed structure of the dendrons with the aim to evaluate them as a new class of potential organometallic-based antibacterial compounds. The synthetic route is based on the initial amination of ferrocenecarboxaldehyde with carbosilane dendrons that contain allyl groups on the surface followed by reduction of the in situ prepared imine product, and the subsequent functionalization of the periphery with terminal amine groups by hydrosilylation reactions. Systems quaternized with HCl are soluble and stable in water or other protic solvents. The obtained compounds were spectrally and electrochemically (cyclic voltammetry) characterized, and diffusion-ordered spectroscopy experiments were conducted to determine the size of the dendritic wedges in solution. The antibacterial activity of these compounds was evaluated using Gram-positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus) and Gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli), which shows that the first and second generations of cationic dendrons are broad spectrum antibacterial agents, i.e. selective and effective in both bacterial strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tania Lozano-Cruz
- Departamento de Química Orgánica y Química Inorgánica, Universidad de Alcalá, Campus Universitario, E-28871 Alcalá de Henares, Spain.
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Briz V, Sepúlveda-Crespo D, Diniz AR, Borrego P, Rodes B, de la Mata FJ, Gómez R, Taveira N, Muñoz-Fernández MÁ. Development of water-soluble polyanionic carbosilane dendrimers as novel and highly potent topical anti-HIV-2 microbicides. NANOSCALE 2015; 7:14669-14683. [PMID: 26274532 DOI: 10.1039/c5nr03644e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The development of topical microbicide formulations for vaginal delivery to prevent HIV-2 sexual transmission is urgently needed. Second- and third-generation polyanionic carbosilane dendrimers with a silicon atom core and 16 sulfonate (G2-S16), napthylsulfonate (G2-NS16) and sulphate (G3-Sh16) end-groups have shown potent and broad-spectrum anti-HIV-1 activity. However, their antiviral activity against HIV-2 and mode of action have not been probed. Cytotoxicity, anti-HIV-2, anti-sperm and antimicrobial activities of dendrimers were determined. Analysis of combined effects of triple combinations with tenofovir and raltegravir was performed by using CalcuSyn software. We also assessed the mode of antiviral action on the inhibition of HIV-2 infection through a panel of different in vitro antiviral assays: attachment, internalization in PBMCs, inactivation and cell-based fusion. Vaginal irritation and histological analysis in female BALB/c mice were evaluated. Our results suggest that G2-S16, G2-NS16 and G3-Sh16 exert anti-HIV-2 activity at an early stage of viral replication inactivating the virus, inhibiting cell-to-cell HIV-2 transmission, and blocking the binding of gp120 to CD4, and the HIV-2 entry. Triple combinations with tenofovir and raltegravir increased the anti-HIV-2 activity, consistent with synergistic interactions (CIwt: 0.33-0.66). No vaginal irritation was detected in BALB/c mice after two consecutive applications for 2 days with 3% G2-S16. Our results have clearly shown that G2-S16, G2-NS16 and G3-Sh16 have high potency against HIV-2 infection. The modes of action confirm their multifactorial and non-specific ability, suggesting that these dendrimers deserve further studies as potential candidate microbicides to prevent vaginal/rectal HIV-1/HIV-2 transmission in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verónica Briz
- Laboratorio InmunoBiología Molecular, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
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Moreno S, Ortega P, de la Mata FJ, Ottaviani MF, Cangiotti M, Fattori A, Muñoz-Fernández MÁ, Gómez R. Bifunctional Chelating Agents Based on Ionic Carbosilane Dendrons with DO3A at the Focal Point and Their Complexation Behavior with Copper(II). Inorg Chem 2015; 54:8943-56. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.5b01047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Moreno
- Departamento
de Química Orgánica e Inorgánica, Universidad de Alcalá, Edificio de Farmacia 28871, Alcalá de Henares, Spain
- Spain/Networking Research Center of Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), C/ Poeta Mariano Esquillor s/n 50018, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Paula Ortega
- Departamento
de Química Orgánica e Inorgánica, Universidad de Alcalá, Edificio de Farmacia 28871, Alcalá de Henares, Spain
- Spain/Networking Research Center of Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), C/ Poeta Mariano Esquillor s/n 50018, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Francisco Javier de la Mata
- Departamento
de Química Orgánica e Inorgánica, Universidad de Alcalá, Edificio de Farmacia 28871, Alcalá de Henares, Spain
- Spain/Networking Research Center of Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), C/ Poeta Mariano Esquillor s/n 50018, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Maria Francesca. Ottaviani
- Departments
of Earth, Life and Environment Sciences, University of Urbino, Via Ca’ le Suore 2/4, Urbino 61029, Italy
| | - Michela Cangiotti
- Departments
of Earth, Life and Environment Sciences, University of Urbino, Via Ca’ le Suore 2/4, Urbino 61029, Italy
| | - Alberto Fattori
- Departments
of Earth, Life and Environment Sciences, University of Urbino, Via Ca’ le Suore 2/4, Urbino 61029, Italy
| | - María Ángeles Muñoz-Fernández
- Laboratorio
de Inmunobiologia Molecular, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañon, Madrid, Spain
- Spain/Networking Research Center of Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), C/ Poeta Mariano Esquillor s/n 50018, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Rafael Gómez
- Departamento
de Química Orgánica e Inorgánica, Universidad de Alcalá, Edificio de Farmacia 28871, Alcalá de Henares, Spain
- Spain/Networking Research Center of Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), C/ Poeta Mariano Esquillor s/n 50018, Zaragoza, Spain
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Sepúlveda-Crespo D, Gómez R, De La Mata FJ, Jiménez JL, Muñoz-Fernández MÁ. Polyanionic carbosilane dendrimer-conjugated antiviral drugs as efficient microbicides: Recent trends and developments in HIV treatment/therapy. NANOMEDICINE-NANOTECHNOLOGY BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2015; 11:1481-98. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2015.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2014] [Revised: 02/20/2015] [Accepted: 03/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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HIV-1 antiviral behavior of anionic PPI metallo-dendrimers with EDA core. Eur J Med Chem 2015; 98:139-48. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2015.05.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2014] [Revised: 05/14/2015] [Accepted: 05/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Sepúlveda-Crespo D, Serramía MJ, Tager AM, Vrbanac V, Gómez R, De La Mata FJ, Jiménez JL, Muñoz-Fernández MÁ. Prevention vaginally of HIV-1 transmission in humanized BLT mice and mode of antiviral action of polyanionic carbosilane dendrimer G2-S16. NANOMEDICINE-NANOTECHNOLOGY BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2015; 11:1299-308. [PMID: 25959924 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2015.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2015] [Revised: 03/31/2015] [Accepted: 04/21/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED The development of a safe, effective, and low-priced topical microbicide to prevent HIV-1 sexual transmission is urgently needed. The emerging field of nanotechnology plays an important role in addressing this challenge. We demonstrate that topical vaginal administration of 3% G2-S16 prevents HIV-1JR-CSF transmission in humanized (h)-BLT mice in 84% with no presence of HIV-1 RNA and vaginal lesions. Second-generation polyanionic carbosilane dendrimer G2-S16 with silica core and 16 sulfonate end-groups exerts anti-HIV-1 activity at an early stage of viral replication, blocking the gp120/CD4 interaction, acting on the virus, and inhibiting the cell-to-cell HIV-1 transmission, confirming its multifactorial and non-specific ability. This study represents the first demonstration that transmission of HIV-1 can be efficiently blocked by vaginally applied G2-S16 in h-BLT mice. These findings provide a step forward in the development of G2-S16-based vaginal microbicides to prevent vaginal HIV-1 transmission in humans. FROM THE CLINICAL EDITOR HIV infections remain a significant problem worldwide and the major route of transmission is through sexual activity. In this article, the authors developed an antiviral agent containing polyanionic carbosilane dendrimer with silica core and 16 sulfonate end-groups. When applied vaginally, this was shown to exert anti-HIV protection. These positive findings may offer hope in the fight against the spread of HIV epidemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Sepúlveda-Crespo
- Laboratorio InmunoBiología Molecular, Hospital Gregorio Marañón, IISGM, Spanish HIV-HGM Biobank, CIBER-BBN, Madrid, Spain; Plataforma-Laboratorio, Hospital Gregorio Marañón, IISGM, CIBER-BBN, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Jesús Serramía
- Laboratorio InmunoBiología Molecular, Hospital Gregorio Marañón, IISGM, Spanish HIV-HGM Biobank, CIBER-BBN, Madrid, Spain; Plataforma-Laboratorio, Hospital Gregorio Marañón, IISGM, CIBER-BBN, Madrid, Spain
| | - Andrew M Tager
- Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, USA; Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Vladimir Vrbanac
- Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, USA; Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Rafael Gómez
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Universidad de Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, CIBER-BBN, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - José Luis Jiménez
- Plataforma-Laboratorio, Hospital Gregorio Marañón, IISGM, CIBER-BBN, Madrid, Spain.
| | - M Ángeles Muñoz-Fernández
- Laboratorio InmunoBiología Molecular, Hospital Gregorio Marañón, IISGM, Spanish HIV-HGM Biobank, CIBER-BBN, Madrid, Spain; Plataforma-Laboratorio, Hospital Gregorio Marañón, IISGM, CIBER-BBN, Madrid, Spain.
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Sánchez-Rodríguez J, Vacas-Córdoba E, Gómez R, De La Mata FJ, Muñoz-Fernández MÁ. Nanotech-derived topical microbicides for HIV prevention: the road to clinical development. Antiviral Res 2014; 113:33-48. [PMID: 25446339 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2014.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2014] [Revised: 10/20/2014] [Accepted: 10/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
More than three decades since its discovery, HIV infection remains one of the most aggressive epidemics worldwide, with more than 35 million people infected. In sub-Saharan Africa, heterosexual transmissions represent nearly 80% of new infections, with 50% of these occurring in women. In an effort to stop the dramatic spread of the HIV epidemic, new preventive treatments, such as microbicides, have been developed. Nanotechnology has revolutionized this field by designing and engineering novel highly effective nano-sized materials as microbicide candidates. This review illustrates the most recent advances in nanotech-derived HIV prevention strategies, as well as the main steps required to translate promising in vitro results into clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Sánchez-Rodríguez
- Laboratorio InmunoBiología Molecular, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain; Networking Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Madrid, Spain
| | - Enrique Vacas-Córdoba
- Laboratorio InmunoBiología Molecular, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain; Networking Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Madrid, Spain
| | - Rafael Gómez
- Dendrimers for Biomedical Applications Group (BioInDen), University of Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain; Networking Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Madrid, Spain
| | - F Javier De La Mata
- Dendrimers for Biomedical Applications Group (BioInDen), University of Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain; Networking Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Madrid, Spain
| | - Ma Ángeles Muñoz-Fernández
- Laboratorio InmunoBiología Molecular, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain; Networking Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Madrid, Spain.
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Synthesis of ester-capped carbosilane dendrimers via a hybrid divergent–convergent method. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2014.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Galán M, Fuentes-Paniagua E, de la Mata FJ, Gómez R. Heterofunctionalized Carbosilane Dendritic Systems: Bifunctionalized Dendrons as Building Blocks versus Statistically Decorated Dendrimers. Organometallics 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/om500464k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marta Galán
- Departamento de
Quı́mica
Orgánica y Quı́mica Inorgánica and Networking
Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Universidad de Alcalá, Campus Universitario, E-28871 Alcalá de Henares, Spain
| | - Elena Fuentes-Paniagua
- Departamento de
Quı́mica
Orgánica y Quı́mica Inorgánica and Networking
Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Universidad de Alcalá, Campus Universitario, E-28871 Alcalá de Henares, Spain
| | - F. Javier de la Mata
- Departamento de
Quı́mica
Orgánica y Quı́mica Inorgánica and Networking
Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Universidad de Alcalá, Campus Universitario, E-28871 Alcalá de Henares, Spain
| | - Rafael Gómez
- Departamento de
Quı́mica
Orgánica y Quı́mica Inorgánica and Networking
Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Universidad de Alcalá, Campus Universitario, E-28871 Alcalá de Henares, Spain
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