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Liu Y, Ding YX, Mi L, Qiu Y, Yan YJ, Jin H, Chen ZL. Synthesis and Evaluation of New 5,15-Diarylporphyrin Derivatives for Photodynamic Therapy. Pharm Chem J 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11094-022-02711-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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Zhou J, Yang F, Yuan JJ, Bo YH, Gong JF, Shen L. Determination of a novel photosensitizer sinoporphyrin sodium in human plasma by ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2020; 195:113852. [PMID: 33383500 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2020.113852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Revised: 12/13/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Sinoporphyrin sodium (DVDMS) is a new photosensitizer (PS) and it is used in photodynamic therapy (PDT) against tumor. In this paper, a simple, rapid and specific ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) method for the quantitation of DVDMS in human plasma was developed. The analytes were extracted from plasma samples using liquid-liquid extraction (LLE) after addition of testosterone (internal standard) and chromatographed on an AQUITY UPLC Protein BEH C4 column (50 × 2.1 mm, i.d. 1.7 μm) thermostatted at 40 °C with acetonitrile-water (0.1% formic acid and 0.1 mM K2EDTA) as the gradient mobile phase at flow rate of 0.5 mL/min. The detection was performed on an API 5500 mass spectrometer coupled with electrospray ionization (ESI) source in positive mode. The multiple reactions monitoring (MRM) transitions of m/z 1143.6→563.2 and m/z 289.3→109.1 were used to quantify DVDMS and IS, respectively. The assay was validated over the concentration range of 30-3000 ng/mL. Precision and accuracy are in accordance with the generally accepted criteria for bioanalytical methods. The extraction recovery and the matrix effect were investigated. This method was successfully applied to pharmacokinetic (PK) study of DVDMS in Chinese patients with solid tumor after treated with DVDMS-PDT for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Haidian District, Beijing, PR China
| | - Fen Yang
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), National Drug Clinical Trial Center, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Haidian District, Beijing, PR China
| | - Jia Jia Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Haidian District, Beijing, PR China
| | - Yun Hai Bo
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), National Drug Clinical Trial Center, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Haidian District, Beijing, PR China
| | - Ji Fang Gong
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Haidian District, Beijing, PR China
| | - Lin Shen
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Haidian District, Beijing, PR China.
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An YW, Liu HQ, Zhou ZQ, Wang JC, Jiang GY, Li ZW, Wang F, Jin HT. Sinoporphyrin sodium is a promising sensitizer for photodynamic and sonodynamic therapy in glioma. Oncol Rep 2020; 44:1596-1604. [PMID: 32945475 PMCID: PMC7448408 DOI: 10.3892/or.2020.7695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to explore the antitumor effects of sinoporphyrin sodium (DVDMS)‑mediated photodynamic therapy (PDT) and sonodynamic therapy (SDT) in glioma, and to reveal the underlying mechanisms. The uptake of DVDMS by U‑118 MG cells was detected by flow cytometry (FCM). A 630‑nm semiconductor laser and 1‑MHz ultrasound were used to perform PDT and SDT, respectively. Cell proliferation and apoptosis were evaluated using the Cell Counting Kit‑8 assay, FCM and Hoechst 33258 staining, respectively. Western blot analysis was used to detect protein expression and phosphorylation levels. BALB/c nude mice were used to establish a xenograft model of U‑118 MG cells. DVDMS was injected intravenously and PDT and SDT were performed 24 h later. An in vivo imaging system was used to evaluate the fluorescence of DVDMS, to measure tumor sizes, and to evaluate the therapeutic effects. The uptake of DVDMS by U‑118 MG cells was optimal after 4 h. PDT and SDT following DVDMS injection significantly inhibited the proliferation and increased apoptosis of glioma cells in vitro (P<0.05, P<0.01) respectively. In vivo, the fluorescence intensity of DVDMS was lower in the PDT and SDT groups compared with the DVDMS group, while tumor cell proliferation and weight were lower in the PDT and SDT groups than in the control group (P<0.05, P<0.01). However, there was no significant difference when laser, ultrasound or DVDMS were applied individually, compared with the control group. Hematoxylin and eosin staining suggested that both PDT and SDT induced significant apoptosis and vascular obstruction in cancer tissues. DVDMS‑mediated PDT and SDT inhibited the expression levels of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and Bcl‑xL, increased cleaved ‑caspase 3 levels, and decreased the protein phosphorylation of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway. Changes in the expression of PCNA, and Bcl‑xL and in the levels of cleaved‑caspase 3 were partly reversed by N‑acetyl‑L‑cysteine, a reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenger. Similar results were obtained with FCM. DVDMS‑mediated PDT and SDT inhibited glioma cell proliferation and induced cell apoptosis in vitro and in vivo, potentially by increasing the generation of ROS and affecting protein expression and phosphorylation levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Wen An
- School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, P.R. China
- Science and Education Department, Shenzhen Samii Medical Center, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518118, P.R. China
| | - Han-Qing Liu
- Science and Education Department, Shenzhen Samii Medical Center, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518118, P.R. China
- Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518036, P.R. China
| | - Zi-Qian Zhou
- Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518036, P.R. China
| | - Jian-Chun Wang
- Science and Education Department, Shenzhen Samii Medical Center, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518118, P.R. China
| | - Guang-Yu Jiang
- Science and Education Department, Shenzhen Samii Medical Center, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518118, P.R. China
| | - Zhi-Wen Li
- Science and Education Department, Shenzhen Samii Medical Center, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518118, P.R. China
| | - Feng Wang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Medical Tissue Regeneration, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan 453002, P.R. China
| | - Hong-Tao Jin
- Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, P.R. China
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Liu HQ, An YW, Li ZW, Li WX, Yuan B, Wang JC, Jin HT, Wang C. Sinoporphyrin sodium, a novel sensitizer for photodynamic and sonodynamic therapy. OPEN CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1515/chem-2020-0127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractSinoporphyrin sodium (DVDMS) is a novel sensitizer discovered by Professor Fang Qi-Cheng and widely used in photodynamic (PDT) and sonodynamic therapy (SDT). We searched databases including PubMed, Web of Science, CNKI, etc. for system review of its progress. We found that, both DVDMS-PDT and -SDT had been proven effective for inhibiting tumor growth and mechanisms involved reactive oxygen species, autophagy, and mitochondrial apoptosis pathways. Material advances enhanced antitumor effects and expanded its application. The safety of DVDMS in animals was evaluated, and metabolic parameters were uncovered. Additionally, DVDMS-PDT also exhibited therapeutic effects on non-neoplastic diseases like psoriasis and bacterial infections. Two phase I clinical trials of DVDMS have been documented, but recruitments had still not been completed. In conclusion, DVDMS is a promising sensitizer for both PDT and SDT; however, there are some shortcomings in previous studies like inconsistent treatment parameters, which need systematic assessments in future. Moreover, more mechanisms such as the role of autophagy need to be discovered. Further evidence of the safety and effectiveness of new materials are needed, and the application in non-neoplastic diseases like actinic keratosis and fungal infection deserves further development. Above all, promoting its clinical applications is the most important goal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han-Qing Liu
- Research & Education Department, Shenzhen Samii Medical Center, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518118, China
| | - Ya-Wen An
- Research & Education Department, Shenzhen Samii Medical Center, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518118, China
| | - Zhi-Wen Li
- Research & Education Department, Shenzhen Samii Medical Center, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518118, China
| | - Wei-Xin Li
- Research & Education Department, Shenzhen Samii Medical Center, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518118, China
| | - Bo Yuan
- Research & Education Department, Shenzhen Samii Medical Center, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518118, China
| | - Jian-Chun Wang
- Research & Education Department, Shenzhen Samii Medical Center, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518118, China
| | - Hong-Tao Jin
- Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, No.2 of Nanwei Road, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Cheng Wang
- Research & Education Department, Shenzhen Samii Medical Center, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518118, China
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Mai B, Wang X, Liu Q, Zhang K, Wang P. The Application of DVDMS as a Sensitizing Agent for Sono-/Photo-Therapy. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:19. [PMID: 32116698 PMCID: PMC7020569 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.00019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Both photodynamic therapy (PDT) and sonodynamic therapy (SDT) are fast growing activated therapies by using light or ultrasound to initiate catalytic reaction of sensitizing agents, showing great potentials in clinics because of high safety and noninvasiveness. Sensitizers are critical components in PDT and SDT. Sinoporphyrin sodium (DVDMS) is an effective constituent derived from Photofrin that has been approved by FDA. This review is based on previous articles that explore the applications of DVDMS mediated photodynamic/sonodynamic cancer therapy and antimicrobial chemotherapy. Researchers utilize different cell lines, distinct treatment protocols to explore the enhanced therapeutic response of neoplastic lesion. Moreover, by designing a series of nanoparticles for loading DVDMS to improve the cellular uptake and antitumor efficacy of PDT/SDT, which integrates diagnostics into therapeutics for precision medical applications. During the sono-/photo-activated process, the balance between oxidation and antioxidation, numerous signal transduction and cell death pathways are also involved. In addition, DVDMS mediated photodynamic antimicrobial chemotherapy (PACT) can effectively suppress bacteria and multidrug resistant bacteria proliferation, promote the healing of wounds in burn infection. In brief, these efficient preclinical studies indicate a good promise for DVDMS application in the activated sono-/photo-therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingjie Mai
- National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest China, The Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiaobing Wang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest China, The Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
| | - Quanhong Liu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest China, The Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
| | - Kun Zhang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest China, The Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
| | - Pan Wang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest China, The Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
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Kong F, Zou H, Liu X, He J, Zheng Y, Xiong L, Miao X. miR-7112-3p targets PERK to regulate the endoplasmic reticulum stress pathway and apoptosis induced by photodynamic therapy in colorectal cancer CX-1 cells. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2020; 29:101663. [PMID: 31945549 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2020.101663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Revised: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common malignant tumor worldwide. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is an emerging modality for the treatment of solid tumors. Sinoporphyrin sodium (DVDMS) is a new photosensitizer with good therapeutic killing effects on cancer cells. Recent findings have shown that microRNAs play important roles in many biological processes. However, the functions of microRNAs in DVDMS-induced PDT remain largely unclear. MATERIALS AND METHODS Proteins involved in endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and apoptosis of CX-1 cells treated with DVDMS-PDT were examined by Western blotting and cell viability assays. 15 candidate miRNAs targeting RNA-dependent protein kinase-like ER kinase (PERK) were screened and verified using the TargetScan, miRWalk and miRDB databases. The downstream pathways of candidate miRNAs with high scores were studied by cell transfection, qRT-PCR, Western blotting and dual-luciferase reporter assays. The subcellular location of DVDMS was confirmed by laser confocal microscopy. RESULTS DVDMS-PDT induced apoptosis via elevated ER stress and activation of the PERK/ATF4/CHOP/caspase cascade pathway in CX-1 cells. The endoplasmic reticulum was involved in the subcellular accumulation of DVDMS in CX-1 cells. Dual-luciferase reporting experiment confirmed that a direct crosslinking between miR-7112-3p and PERK. In addition, miR-7112-3p was highly expressed in CRC tissues compared with peripheral tissues. CONCLUSION Our work showed that miR-7112-3p directly targeted PERK and further regulated PERK/ATF4/CHOP/caspase cascade pathway, resulting in enhanced apoptosis in CX-1 cells treated with DVDMS-PDT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanhua Kong
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Heng Zou
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xi Liu
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jun He
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yanwen Zheng
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Li Xiong
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
| | - Xiongying Miao
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
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Wang P, Sun S, Ma H, Sun S, Zhao D, Wang S, Liang X. Treating tumors with minimally invasive therapy: A review. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2019; 108:110198. [PMID: 31923997 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2019.110198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2018] [Revised: 09/01/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
With high level of morbidity and mortality, tumor is one of the deadliest diseases worldwide. Aiming to tackle tumor, researchers have developed a lot of strategies. Among these strategies, the minimally invasive therapy (MIT) is very promising, for its capability of targeting tumor cells and resulting in a small incision or no incisions. In this review, we will first illustrate some mechanisms and characteristics of tumor metastasis from the primary tumor to the secondary tumor foci. Then, we will briefly introduce the history, characteristics, and advantages of some of the MITs. Finally, emphasis will be, respectively, focused on an overview of the state-of-the-art of the HIFU-, PDT-, PTT-and SDT-based anti-tumor strategies on each stage of tumor metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Wang
- Department of Ultrasound, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Suhui Sun
- Department of Ultrasound, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Huide Ma
- Ordos Center Hospital, Ordos, Inner Mongolia, 017000, China
| | - Sujuan Sun
- Ordos Center Hospital, Ordos, Inner Mongolia, 017000, China
| | - Duo Zhao
- Ordos Center Hospital, Ordos, Inner Mongolia, 017000, China
| | - Shumin Wang
- Department of Ultrasound, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, China.
| | - Xiaolong Liang
- Department of Ultrasound, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, China.
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Zhu B, Li S, Yu L, Hu W, Sheng D, Hou J, Zhao N, Hou X, Wu Y, Han Z, Wei L, Zhang L. Inhibition of Autophagy with Chloroquine Enhanced Sinoporphyrin Sodium Mediated Photodynamic Therapy-induced Apoptosis in Human Colorectal Cancer Cells. Int J Biol Sci 2019; 15:12-23. [PMID: 30662343 PMCID: PMC6329935 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.27156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2018] [Accepted: 09/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
To evaluate the antitumor effect of sinoporphyrin sodium mediated photodynamic therapy (DVDMS-PDT) against human colorectal cancer (CRC) and to investigate the role of autophagy in its effect. Shrunken cells, condensed nuclei and increased levels of cleaved caspase-3 and Bax were observed in DVDMS-PDT treated HCT116 cells, reminiscent of apoptosis. DVDMS-PDT showed better antitumor efficiency in HCT116 cells than Photofrin mediated photodynamic therapy (PF-PDT) both in vitro and in vivo. And DVDMS-PDT caused autophagic characteristics: double membrane autophagosome structures and changes in autophagy-related protein expression (ATG7, P62, Bcl-2 and LC3-Ⅱ). In addition, inhibition of autophagy by chloroquine (CQ) promoted apoptosis, suggesting a possible protective role of autophagy in DVDMS-PDT-treated HCT116 cells, which was proved by flow cytometry and western blotting. The results of xenograft mouse model showed markedly increased apoptosis and significantly reduced tumor size in DVDMS-PDT treated group than Control, and DVDMS-PDT exhibited better antitumor efficiency than PF-PDT. Further, no visible tumor was observed in the CQ+DVDMS-PDT group at the end of the xenograft mouse experiment, which confirmed the hypothesis that autophagy was protective to DVDMS-PDT treated HCT116 cells. Our findings suggest that DVDMS is a promising photosensitizer and the combined use of autophagy inhibitor can remarkably enhance the DVDMS-PDT mediated anti-cancer efficiency in HCT116 cells both in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Zhu
- Department of Pharmacy, Changhai Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shanxin Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Changhai Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lei Yu
- Department of Information, Changzheng Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Hu
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Dandan Sheng
- Tumor Immunology and Gene Therapy Center, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Hou
- GCP Office, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Naping Zhao
- Department of Pharmacy, Changhai Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaojuan Hou
- Tumor Immunology and Gene Therapy Center, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yechen Wu
- Tumor Immunology and Gene Therapy Center, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhipeng Han
- Tumor Immunology and Gene Therapy Center, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lixin Wei
- Tumor Immunology and Gene Therapy Center, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Changhai Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
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Shi R, Lin X, Zhang J, Jin H, Wang A, Wei J. Safety evaluation of repeated intravenous infusion of sinoporphyrin with and without PDT in rats. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2018; 15:1366-1376. [PMID: 27714312 DOI: 10.1039/c6pp00276e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a promising antineoplastic modality in the oncology field. We assessed the safety of repeated intravenous administrations of sinoporphyrin, a porphyrin derivative, with and without illumination in rats. Toxicokinetic studies of single and multiple administrations of sinoporphyrin were also carried out. Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned to the dark-toxicity and PDT groups. Animals in the dark toxicity group received an i.v. infusion of sinoporphyrin at 3 doses: 2 mg kg-1, 6 mg kg-1, and 18 mg kg-1. The PDT group included 2 doses of sinoporphyrin (2 mg kg-1 and 18 mg kg-1), and the rats received 60 J of 630 nm laser illumination 24 h after photosensitizer infusion. The treatments were repeated every 7 days for 5 cycles and were followed by a 14-day recovery period. Systematic analyses were conducted at the end of treatment and recovery periods. Blood samples were obtained 5 min, 30 min, 2 h, 8 h, 24 h, 48 h, 72 h, and 96 h after the first and fifth treatments for toxicokinetic studies. Sinoporphyrin-PDT led to the death of one out of 270 rats; the dead animal had been treated with 18 mg kg-1 sinoporphyrin and died at the end of the fifth PDT treatment. Liver injury, the primary toxicity observed in the study, was identified using biochemical tests, necropsy, and histopathology. Elevated white blood cell and neutrophil counts were found in the rats in both the dark toxicity and PDT groups. Skin lesions at the illumination site were obvious in the PDT group. Pigment deposits were detected in multiple organs such as the liver, spleen, lymph nodes, and ovaries in the 6 mg kg-1 and 18 mg kg-1 groups. No other abnormalities were observed. The toxicokinetic parameters of single and multiple sinoporphyrin administrations were calculated and compared. Repeated sinoporphyrin administrations both alone and in combination with laser illumination were tolerable, and all toxicities were transient. The no observed adverse effect level (NOAEL) for repeated sinoporphyrin administration and sinoporphyrin-PDT was 6 mg kg-1 and 2 mg kg-1, respectively. Further studies are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Shi
- New Drug Safety Evaluation Centre, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, China
| | - Xiaoqi Lin
- Beijing Union-Genius Pharmaceutical Technology Development Co., Ltd, Beijing, China.
| | - Jingxuan Zhang
- Beijing Union-Genius Pharmaceutical Technology Development Co., Ltd, Beijing, China.
| | - Hongtao Jin
- New Drug Safety Evaluation Centre, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, China
| | - Aiping Wang
- New Drug Safety Evaluation Centre, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, China and Beijing Union-Genius Pharmaceutical Technology Development Co., Ltd, Beijing, China.
| | - Jinfeng Wei
- New Drug Safety Evaluation Centre, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, China and Beijing Union-Genius Pharmaceutical Technology Development Co., Ltd, Beijing, China.
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Zang L, Zhao H, Fang Q, Fan M, Chen T, Tian Y, Yao J, Zheng Y, Zhang Z, Cao W. Photophysical properties of sinoporphyrin sodium and explanation of its high photo-activity. J PORPHYR PHTHALOCYA 2017. [DOI: 10.1142/s1088424617500055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Sinoporphyrin sodium (DVDMS) is a novel photosensitizer with high photodynamic therapy (PDT) effect. Reasons for its high photo-activity were investigated according to the study of photophysical characteristics of DVDMS. Extinction coefficients ([Formula: see text] of DVDMS at 405 nm and 630 nm are 4.36 × 105 and 1.84 × 104 M[Formula: see text].cm[Formula: see text]; fluorescence quantum yield ([Formula: see text] is 0.026; quantum yield of lowest triplet state formation is 0.94 and singlet oxygen quantum yield ([Formula: see text] is 0.92. Although [Formula: see text] of DVDMS is only 10% higher than that of Photofrin[Formula: see text] (0.83), the extinction coefficient of DVDMS at 630 nm is 10-fold greater than that of Photofrin[Formula: see text]. This leads to its higher singlet oxygen generation efficiency ([Formula: see text]. The higher [Formula: see text] of DVDMS can result in an effective reduction of dosage (1/10 of Photofrin[Formula: see text] reaching the same cytotoxic effect as Photofrin[Formula: see text]. Even though [Formula: see text] is approximately equal to that of Photofrin[Formula: see text], brightness ([Formula: see text] of DVDMS is 10-fold greater than that of Photofrin[Formula: see text] because of the 10-fold greater extinction coefficient. Thus, fluorescence diagnosis ability of 0.2 mg/kg DVDMS is comparable to that of 2 mg/kg Photofrin[Formula: see text] used in PDT. Overall, the 10-fold greater extinction coefficients are responsible for the high brightness and singlet oxygen generation efficiency of DVDMS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lixin Zang
- Condensed Matter Science and Technology Institute, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150080, China
| | - Huimin Zhao
- School of Physics and Electronics, Shandong Normal University, Ji’nan, 250014, China
| | - Qicheng Fang
- Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Ming Fan
- Shenzhen Micromed Tech. Co., Ltd., Shenzhen, 518109, China
| | - Tong Chen
- Shenzhen Micromed Tech. Co., Ltd., Shenzhen, 518109, China
| | - Ye Tian
- Division of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Cardiovascular Institute, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Jianting Yao
- Division of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Cardiovascular Institute, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Yangdong Zheng
- Department of Physics, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Zhiguo Zhang
- Condensed Matter Science and Technology Institute, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150080, China
| | - Wenwu Cao
- Department of Mathematics and Materials Research Institute, The Pennsylvania State University, Pennsylvania, 16802, USA
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Abstract
Corroles are exceptionally promising platforms for the development of agents for simultaneous cancer-targeting imaging and therapy. Depending on the element chelated by the corrole, these theranostic agents may be tuned primarily for diagnostic or therapeutic function. Versatile synthetic methodologies allow for the preparation of amphipolar derivatives, which form stable noncovalent conjugates with targeting biomolecules. These conjugates can be engineered for imaging and targeting as well as therapeutic function within one theranostic assembly. In this review, we begin with a brief outline of corrole chemistry that has been uniquely useful in designing corrole-based anticancer agents. Then we turn attention to the early literature regarding corrole anticancer activity, which commenced one year after the first scalable synthesis was reported (1999-2000). In 2001, a major advance was made with the introduction of negatively charged corroles, as these molecules, being amphipolar, form stable conjugates with many proteins. More recently, both cellular uptake and intracellular trafficking of metallocorroles have been documented in experimental investigations employing advanced optical spectroscopic as well as magnetic resonance imaging techniques. Key results from work on both cellular and animal models are reviewed, with emphasis on those that have shed new light on the mechanisms associated with anticancer activity. In closing, we predict a very bright future for corrole anticancer research, as it is experiencing exponential growth, taking full advantage of recently developed imaging and therapeutic modalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruijie D Teo
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology , Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Jae Youn Hwang
- Department of Information and Communication Engineering, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science & Technology , Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - John Termini
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Beckman Research Institute of the City of Hope , 1500 East Duarte Road, Duarte, California 91010, United States
| | - Zeev Gross
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology , Haifa 32000, Israel
| | - Harry B Gray
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology , Pasadena, California 91125, United States
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Rocha LB, Schaberle F, Dąbrowski JM, Simões S, Arnaut LG. Intravenous Single-Dose Toxicity of Redaporfin-Based Photodynamic Therapy in Rodents. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:29236-49. [PMID: 26670231 PMCID: PMC4691106 DOI: 10.3390/ijms161226162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2015] [Revised: 11/30/2015] [Accepted: 12/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
We assessed the tolerability and safety in rodents of a single intravenous (i.v.) dose of redaporfin, a novel photosensitizer for Photodynamic Therapy (PDT) of cancer. Two approaches were used to evaluate acute toxicity: (i) a dose escalation study in BALB/c mice to evaluate the maximum tolerated dose of redaporfin; and (ii) a safety toxicology study in Wistar rats, of a single dose of redaporfin, with or without illumination, to evaluate possible signs of systemic toxicity. Redaporfin formulation was well tolerated by mice, with no signs of adverse reactions up to 75 mg/kg. In rats, there were no relevant changes, except for a significant, but transient, increase in the blood serum markers for hepatic function and muscle integrity, and also on neutrophil counts, observed after the application of light. The overall results showed that redaporfin-PDT is very well tolerated. No abnormalities were observed, including reactions at the injection site or skin phototoxicity, although the animals were maintained in normal indoor lighting. Redaporfin also showed a high efficacy in the treatment of male BALB/c mice with subcutaneously implanted colon (CT26) tumours. Vascular-PDT with 1.5 mg/kg redaporfin and a light dose of 74 J/cm2 led to the complete tumour regression in 83% of the mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis B Rocha
- Luzitin SA, S. Martinho do Bispo, Coimbra 3045-016, Portugal.
- Bluepharma-Indústria Farmacêutica SA, S. Martinho do Bispo, Coimbra 3045-016, Portugal.
| | - Fábio Schaberle
- Luzitin SA, S. Martinho do Bispo, Coimbra 3045-016, Portugal.
| | | | - Sérgio Simões
- Bluepharma-Indústria Farmacêutica SA, S. Martinho do Bispo, Coimbra 3045-016, Portugal.
| | - Luis G Arnaut
- Chemistry Department, University of Coimbra, Coimbra 3004-535, Portugal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Hepel
- Department of Chemistry, State University of New York at Potsdam, Potsdam, New York 13676
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, Clarkson University, Potsdam, New York 13699-5810
| | - Silvana Andreescu
- Department of Chemistry, State University of New York at Potsdam, Potsdam, New York 13676
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, Clarkson University, Potsdam, New York 13699-5810
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