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Liu X, Zong Z, Liu X, Li Q, Li A, Xu C, Liu D. Stimuli-Mediated Specific Isolation of Exosomes from Blood Plasma for High-Throughput Profiling of Cancer Biomarkers. SMALL METHODS 2022; 6:e2101234. [PMID: 35174989 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202101234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2021] [Revised: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Exosomes, ranging from 30-150 nm in diameter, have emerged as promising non-invasive biomarkers for the diagnosis and prognosis of numerous diseases. However, current research on exosomes is largely restricted by the lack of an efficient method to isolate exosomes from real samples. Herein, the first stimuli-mediated enrichment and purification system to selectively and efficiently extract exosomes from clinical plasma for high-throughput profiling of exosomal mRNAs as cancer biomarkers is presented. This novel isolation system relies on specific installation of the stimuli-responsive copolymers onto exosomal phospholipid bilayers, by which the enrichment and purification are exclusively achieved for exosomes rather than the non-vesicle counterparts co-existing in real samples. The stimuli-mediated isolation system outperforms conventional methods such as ultracentrifugation and polyethylene glycol-based precipitation in terms of isolation yield, purity, and retained bioactivity. The high performance of the isolation system is demonstrated by enriching exosomes from 77 blood plasma samples and validated the clinical potentials in profiling exosomal mRNAs for cancer diagnosis and discrimination with high accuracy. This simple isolation system can boost the development of extracellular vesicle research, not limited to exosomes, in both basic and clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuehui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Research Center for Analytical Sciences, and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Biosensing, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Zhiyou Zong
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Research Center for Analytical Sciences, and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Biosensing, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Xinzhuo Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Research Center for Analytical Sciences, and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Biosensing, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Qiang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Research Center for Analytical Sciences, and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Biosensing, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Ang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Research Center for Analytical Sciences, and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Biosensing, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Chen Xu
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Tianjin Union Medical Center, Tianjin Institute of Coloproctology, Tianjin, 300000, China
| | - Dingbin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Research Center for Analytical Sciences, and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Biosensing, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
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Rasines Mazo A, Allison-Logan S, Karimi F, Chan NJA, Qiu W, Duan W, O’Brien-Simpson NM, Qiao GG. Ring opening polymerization of α-amino acids: advances in synthesis, architecture and applications of polypeptides and their hybrids. Chem Soc Rev 2020; 49:4737-4834. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cs00738e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
This review provides a comprehensive overview of the latest advances in the synthesis, architectural design and biomedical applications of polypeptides and their hybrids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicia Rasines Mazo
- Polymer Science Group
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- University of Melbourne
- Parkville
- Australia
| | - Stephanie Allison-Logan
- Polymer Science Group
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- University of Melbourne
- Parkville
- Australia
| | - Fatemeh Karimi
- Polymer Science Group
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- University of Melbourne
- Parkville
- Australia
| | - Nicholas Jun-An Chan
- Polymer Science Group
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- University of Melbourne
- Parkville
- Australia
| | - Wenlian Qiu
- Polymer Science Group
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- University of Melbourne
- Parkville
- Australia
| | - Wei Duan
- School of Medicine
- Deakin University
- Geelong
- Australia
| | - Neil M. O’Brien-Simpson
- Centre for Oral Health Research
- Melbourne Dental School and the Bio21 Institute of Molecular Science and Biotechnology
- University of Melbourne
- Parkville
- Australia
| | - Greg G. Qiao
- Polymer Science Group
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- University of Melbourne
- Parkville
- Australia
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Cai C, Lin J, Lu Y, Zhang Q, Wang L. Polypeptide self-assemblies: nanostructures and bioapplications. Chem Soc Rev 2018; 45:5985-6012. [PMID: 27722321 DOI: 10.1039/c6cs00013d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Polypeptide copolymers can self-assemble into diverse aggregates. The morphology and structure of aggregates can be varied by changing molecular architectures, self-assembling conditions, and introducing secondary components such as polymers and nanoparticles. Polypeptide self-assemblies have gained significant attention because of their potential applications as delivery vehicles for therapeutic payloads and as additives in the biomimetic mineralization of inorganics. This review article provides an overview of recent advances in nanostructures and bioapplications related to polypeptide self-assemblies. We highlight recent contributions to developing strategies for the construction of polypeptide assemblies with increasing complexity and novel functionality that are suitable for bioapplications. The relationship between the structure and properties of the polypeptide aggregates is emphasized. Finally, we briefly outline our perspectives and discuss the challenges in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunhua Cai
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Advanced Polymeric Materials, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China.
| | - Jiaping Lin
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Advanced Polymeric Materials, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China.
| | - Yingqing Lu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Advanced Polymeric Materials, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China.
| | - Qian Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Advanced Polymeric Materials, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China.
| | - Liquan Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Advanced Polymeric Materials, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China.
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Baumgartner R, Kuai D, Cheng J. Synthesis of controlled, high-molecular weight poly(l-glutamic acid) brush polymers. Biomater Sci 2017; 5:1836-1844. [PMID: 28664205 PMCID: PMC6716790 DOI: 10.1039/c7bm00339k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We report the synthesis and characterization of high-molecular weight poly(l-glutamic acid) based brush polymers. Utilizing a combination of ring-opening metathesis polymerization of norbornene based monomers and ring-opening polymerization of γ-benzyl-l-glutamate N-carboxyanhydride, high-molecular weight γ-benzyl protected poly(l-glutamic acid) brush polymers are synthesized. Controlled and complete deprotection of the benzyl groups using trimethylsilyl iodide resulted in poly(l-glutamic acid) based brush polymers with molecular weights up to 3.6 MDa, which may potentially be used to prepare size-controlled unimolecular polymeric nanomedicine for drug delivery applications. Camptothecin brush poly(l-glutamic acid) conjugates were prepared and their stability, drug release kinetics, and in vitro toxicity were studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan Baumgartner
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA.
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Wu D, Huang Y, Xu F, Mai Y, Yan D. Recent advances in the solution self-assembly of amphiphilic “rod-coil” copolymers. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.28517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Dongdong Wu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Thermal Ageing, Shanghai Jiao Tong University; 800 Dongchuan Road Shanghai 200240 People‘s Republic of China
| | - Yinjuan Huang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Thermal Ageing, Shanghai Jiao Tong University; 800 Dongchuan Road Shanghai 200240 People‘s Republic of China
| | - Fugui Xu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Thermal Ageing, Shanghai Jiao Tong University; 800 Dongchuan Road Shanghai 200240 People‘s Republic of China
| | - Yiyong Mai
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Thermal Ageing, Shanghai Jiao Tong University; 800 Dongchuan Road Shanghai 200240 People‘s Republic of China
| | - Deyue Yan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Thermal Ageing, Shanghai Jiao Tong University; 800 Dongchuan Road Shanghai 200240 People‘s Republic of China
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Abstract
Stimuli-responsive polymers respond to a variety of external stimuli, which include optical, electrical, thermal, mechanical, redox, pH, chemical, environmental and biological signals. This paper is concerned with the process of forming such polymers by RAFT polymerization.
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Preparation of Well-Defined Propargyl-Terminated Tetra-Arm Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide)s and Their Click Hydrogels Crosslinked with β-cyclodextrin. Polymers (Basel) 2016; 8:polym8040093. [PMID: 30979203 PMCID: PMC6432514 DOI: 10.3390/polym8040093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2016] [Revised: 02/28/2016] [Accepted: 03/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
As an important class of reversible deactivation radical polymerization (RDRP), reversible addition fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization has attracted great attention attributed to its facile and flexible features to prepare well-defined polymers with different complex structures. In addition, the combination of RAFT with click chemistry provides more effective strategies to fabricate advanced functional materials. In this work, a series of temperature responsive tetra-arm telechelic poly(N-isopropylacrylamide)s (PNIPAs) with propargyl end groups were prepared for the first time through RAFT and subsequent aminolysis/Michael addition modification. The temperature sensitivities of their aqueous solutions were researched via turbidity measurement. It was found that the phase transition temperature of obtained PNIPAs increased with their molecular weights ascribed to their distinctions in the hydrophobic/hydrophilic balance. Subsequently, β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) functionalized with azide moieties was used to crosslink the prepared propargyl-terminated tetra-arm PNIPAs through click chemistry, fabricating corresponding hydrogels with thermoresponse. Similar to their precursors, the hydrogels demonstrated the same dependence of volume phase transition temperature (VPTT) on their molecular weights. In addition, the incorporation of β-CD and the residual groups besides crosslinking may provide a platform for imparting additional functions such as inclusion and adsorption as well as further functionalization.
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Wang J, Wang X, Yang F, Shen H, You Y, Wu D. Effect of Topological Structures on the Self-Assembly Behavior of Supramolecular Amphiphiles. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2015; 31:13834-13841. [PMID: 26632872 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.5b03823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Three types of azobenzene-based telechelic guest polymers, PEG-azo, azo-PEG-azo, and PEG-azo4, were synthesized by a facile method. Subsequently, a series supramolecular amphiphiles with three distinct topological structures (hemitelechelic, ditelechelic, and quadritelechelic) were constructed through coupling with host polymer β-cyclodextrin-poly(l-lactide) (β-CD-PLLA) by combined host-guest complexation. Research on the self-assembly behavior of these amphiphiles demonstrated that the variation in self-assembly was tuned by the synergistic interaction of hydrophilicity and the curvature of the polymer chains, and very importantly, the topological structure of amphiphiles demonstrated effective control of the self-assembly behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics & Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Xing Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics & Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Fei Yang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics & Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Hong Shen
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics & Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Yezi You
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei 230026, Anhui, P. R. China
| | - Decheng Wu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics & Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190, P. R. China
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He X, Fan J, Wooley KL. Stimuli-Triggered Sol-Gel Transitions of Polypeptides Derived from α-Amino Acid N
-Carboxyanhydride (NCA) Polymerizations. Chem Asian J 2015; 11:437-47. [DOI: 10.1002/asia.201500957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xun He
- Departments of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering; and Materials Science and Engineering; Laboratory for Synthetic-Biologic Interactions; Texas A&M University; 3255 TAMU College Station TX 77842 USA
| | - Jingwei Fan
- Departments of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering; and Materials Science and Engineering; Laboratory for Synthetic-Biologic Interactions; Texas A&M University; 3255 TAMU College Station TX 77842 USA
| | - Karen L. Wooley
- Departments of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering; and Materials Science and Engineering; Laboratory for Synthetic-Biologic Interactions; Texas A&M University; 3255 TAMU College Station TX 77842 USA
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Zhang H, Wang H, Du K, Ma X, Wang J. Constructing nanosized CdTe nanocrystal clusters with thermo-responsive photoluminescence characteristics. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra20111j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Photoluminescence clusters of CdTe nanocrystals self-assembled by PNAEAM-b-PNIPAM copolymers represent sensitive and reversible thermo-responsive properties in aqueous solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hucheng Zhang
- Collaborative Innovation Centre of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions
- Ministry of Education
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Henan Normal University
| | - Huili Wang
- Collaborative Innovation Centre of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions
- Ministry of Education
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Henan Normal University
| | - Kelu Du
- Collaborative Innovation Centre of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions
- Ministry of Education
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Henan Normal University
| | - Xinxin Ma
- Collaborative Innovation Centre of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions
- Ministry of Education
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Henan Normal University
| | - Jianji Wang
- Collaborative Innovation Centre of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions
- Ministry of Education
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Henan Normal University
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