1
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Wu B, Zheng X, Xu W, Ren Y, Leng H, Liang L, Zheng D, Chen J, Jiang H. β-Nucleated Polypropylene: Preparation, Nucleating Efficiency, Composite, and Future Prospects. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:3107. [PMID: 37514497 PMCID: PMC10383444 DOI: 10.3390/polym15143107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The β-crystals of polypropylene have a metastable crystal form. The formation of β-crystals can improve the toughness and heat resistance of a material. The introduction of a β-nucleating agent, over many other methods, is undoubtedly the most reliable method through which to obtain β-PP. Furthermore, in this study, certain newly developed β-nucleating agents and their compounds in recent years are listed in detail, including the less-mentioned polymer β-nucleating agents and their nucleation characteristics. In addition, the various influencing factors of β-nucleation efficiency, including the polymer matrix and processing conditions, are analyzed in detail and the corresponding improvement measures are summarized. Finally, the composites and synergistic toughening effects are discussed, and three potential future research directions are speculated upon based on previous research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Wu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, 381 Wushan Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510640, China
- Guangdong Winner New Materials Technology Co., Ltd., Gaoming District, Foshan 528521, China
- The State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, South China University of Technology, 381 Wushan Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Xian Zheng
- Guangdong Winner New Materials Technology Co., Ltd., Gaoming District, Foshan 528521, China
| | - Wenjie Xu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, 381 Wushan Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510640, China
- The State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, South China University of Technology, 381 Wushan Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Yanwei Ren
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, 381 Wushan Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510640, China
- The State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, South China University of Technology, 381 Wushan Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Haiqiang Leng
- Guangdong Winner New Materials Technology Co., Ltd., Gaoming District, Foshan 528521, China
| | - Linzhi Liang
- Guangdong Winner New Materials Technology Co., Ltd., Gaoming District, Foshan 528521, China
| | - De Zheng
- Guangdong Winner New Materials Technology Co., Ltd., Gaoming District, Foshan 528521, China
| | - Jun Chen
- Guangdong Winner New Materials Technology Co., Ltd., Gaoming District, Foshan 528521, China
| | - Huanfeng Jiang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, 381 Wushan Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510640, China
- The State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, South China University of Technology, 381 Wushan Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510640, China
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2
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Cremer J, Kaltschmidt BP, Kiel A, Eberhard J, Schmidt S, Kaltschmidt C, Kaltschmidt B, Hütten A, Anselmetti D. Aging of Industrial Polypropylene Surfaces in Detergent Solution and Its Consequences for Biofilm Formation. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15051247. [PMID: 36904487 PMCID: PMC10006934 DOI: 10.3390/polym15051247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The performance of plastic components in water-bearing parts of industrial and household appliances, often in the presence of harsh environments and elevated temperatures, critically relies on the mechanical and thermal polymer stability. In this light, the precise knowledge of aging properties of polymers formulated with dedicated antiaging additive packages as well as various fillers is crucial for long-time device warranty. We investigated and analysed the time-dependent, polymer-liquid interface aging of different industrial performance polypropylene samples in aqueous detergent solution at high temperatures (95 °C). Special emphasis was put on the disadvantageous process of consecutive biofilm formation that often follows surface transformation and degradation. Atomic force microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and infrared spectroscopy were used to monitor and analyse the surface aging process. Additionally, bacterial adhesion and biofilm formation was characterised by colony forming unit assays. One of the key findings is the observation of crystalline, fibre-like growth of ethylene bis stearamide (EBS) on the surface during the aging process. EBS is a widely used process aid and lubricant enabling the proper demoulding of injection moulding plastic parts. The aging-induced surface-covering EBS layers changed the surface morphology and promoted bacterial adhesion as well as biofilm formation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian Cremer
- Department of Experimental Biophysics & Applied Nanoscience, Faculty of Physics, Bielefeld University, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
- Correspondence:
| | - Bernhard P. Kaltschmidt
- Department of Thin Films and Physics of Nanostructures, Center of Spinelectronic Materials and Devices, Faculty of Physics, Bielefeld University, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Annika Kiel
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biology, Bielefeld University, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | | | | | - Christian Kaltschmidt
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biology, Bielefeld University, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Barbara Kaltschmidt
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biology, Bielefeld University, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Andreas Hütten
- Department of Thin Films and Physics of Nanostructures, Center of Spinelectronic Materials and Devices, Faculty of Physics, Bielefeld University, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Dario Anselmetti
- Department of Experimental Biophysics & Applied Nanoscience, Faculty of Physics, Bielefeld University, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
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3
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Shaayegan V, Wang C, Ataei M, Costa F, Han S, Bussmann M, Park CB. Supercritical CO2 utilization for development of graded cellular structures in semicrystalline polymers. J CO2 UTIL 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcou.2021.101615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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4
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Wu M, Wu F, Ren Q, Weng Z, Luo H, Wang L, Zheng W. Effect of crystalline structure on the cell morphology and mechanical properties of polypropylene foams fabricated by core‐back foam injection molding. J Appl Polym Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/app.51370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Minghui Wu
- Ningbo key Lab of Polymer Materials, Ningbo Institute of Material Technology and Engineering Chinese Academy of Sciences Ningbo China
- Advanced Materials and Composites Department University of Nottingham Ningbo China Ningbo China
| | - Fei Wu
- Ningbo key Lab of Polymer Materials, Ningbo Institute of Material Technology and Engineering Chinese Academy of Sciences Ningbo China
- School of Chemical Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
| | - Qian Ren
- Ningbo key Lab of Polymer Materials, Ningbo Institute of Material Technology and Engineering Chinese Academy of Sciences Ningbo China
- School of Chemical Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
| | - Zhengsheng Weng
- Ningbo key Lab of Polymer Materials, Ningbo Institute of Material Technology and Engineering Chinese Academy of Sciences Ningbo China
| | - Haibin Luo
- Ningbo key Lab of Polymer Materials, Ningbo Institute of Material Technology and Engineering Chinese Academy of Sciences Ningbo China
| | - Long Wang
- Ningbo key Lab of Polymer Materials, Ningbo Institute of Material Technology and Engineering Chinese Academy of Sciences Ningbo China
- School of Chemical Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
| | - Wenge Zheng
- Ningbo key Lab of Polymer Materials, Ningbo Institute of Material Technology and Engineering Chinese Academy of Sciences Ningbo China
- School of Chemical Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
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5
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Sustainable Additive Manufacturing: Mechanical Response of Polypropylene over Multiple Recycling Processes. SUSTAINABILITY 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/su13010159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The recycling of polymeric materials has received a steadily growing scientific and industrial interest due to the increase in demand and production of durable and lightweight plastic parts. Recycling of such materials is mostly based on thermomechanical processes that significantly affect the mechanical, as well as the overall physicochemical properties of polymers. The study at hand focuses on the recyclability of Fused Filament Fabrication (FFF) 3D printed Polypropylene (PP) for a certain number of recycling courses (six in total), and its effect on the mechanical properties of 3D printed parts. Namely, 3D printed specimens were fabricated from non-recycled and recycled PP material, and further experimentally tested regarding their mechanical properties in tension, flexion, impact, and microhardness. Comprehensive dynamic scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), Raman spectroscopy, and morphological investigations by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were performed for the different 3D printed PP samples. The overall results showed that there is an overall slight increase in the material’s mechanical properties, both in tension and in flexion mode, while the DSC characterization indicates an increase in the polymer crystallinity over the recycling course.
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6
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Thumm A, Risani R, Dickson A, Sorieul M. Ligno-Cellulosic Fibre Sized with Nucleating Agents Promoting Transcrystallinity in Isotactic Polypropylene Composites. MATERIALS 2020; 13:ma13051259. [PMID: 32164346 PMCID: PMC7085066 DOI: 10.3390/ma13051259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Revised: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The mechanical performance of composites made from isotactic polypropylene reinforced with natural fibres depends on the interface between fibre and matrix, as well as matrix crystallinity. Sizing the fibre surface with nucleating agents to promote transcrystallinity is a potential route to improve the mechanical properties. The sizing of thermo-mechanical pulp and regenerated cellulose (Tencel™) fibres with α- and β-nucleating agents, to improve tensile strength and impact strength respectively, was assessed in this study. Polarised microscopy, electron microscopy and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) showed that transcrystallinity was achieved and that the bulk crystallinity of the matrix was affected during processing (compounding and injection moulding). However, despite substantial changes in crystal structure in the final composite, the sizing method used did not lead to significant changes regarding the overall composite mechanical performance.
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7
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Rajeev A, Basavaraj MG. Confinement effect on spatio-temporal growth of spherulites from cellulose/ionic liquid solutions. POLYMER 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2019.121927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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8
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Wang L, Okada K, Hikima Y, Ohshima M, Sekiguchi T, Yano H. Effect of Cellulose Nanofiber (CNF) Surface Treatment on Cellular Structures and Mechanical Properties of Polypropylene/CNF Nanocomposite Foams via Core-Back Foam Injection Molding. Polymers (Basel) 2019; 11:E249. [PMID: 30960233 PMCID: PMC6419238 DOI: 10.3390/polym11020249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Revised: 01/21/2019] [Accepted: 01/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Herein, lightweight nanocomposite foams with expansion ratios ranging from 2⁻10-fold were fabricated using an isotactic polypropylene (iPP) matrix and cellulose nanofiber (CNF) as the reinforcing agent via core-back foam injection molding (FIM). Both the native and modified CNFs, including the different degrees of substitution (DS) of 0.2 and 0.4, were melt-prepared and used for producing the polypropylene (PP)/CNF composites. Foaming results revealed that the addition of CNF greatly improved the foamability of PP, reaching 2⁻3 orders of magnitude increases in cell density, in comparison to those of the neat iPP foams. Moreover, tensile test results showed that the incorporation of CNF increased the tensile modulus and yield stress of both solid and 2-fold foamed PP, and a greater reinforcing effect was achieved in composites containing modified CNF. In the compression test, PP/CNF composite foams prepared with a DS of 0.4 exhibited dramatic improvements in mechanical performance for 10-fold foams, in comparison to iPP, with increases in the elastic modulus and collapse stress of PP foams of 486% and 468%, respectively. These results demonstrate that CNF is extraordinarily helpful in enhancing the foamability of PP and reinforcing PP foams, which has importance for the development of lightweight polymer composite foams containing a natural nanofiber.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Wang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan.
| | - Kiyomi Okada
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan.
| | - Yuta Hikima
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan.
| | - Masahiro Ohshima
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan.
| | - Takafumi Sekiguchi
- New Business Development Division, SEIKO PMC Corp., Chiba 267-0056, Japan.
| | - Hiroyuki Yano
- Research Institute for Sustainable Humano-sphere, Kyoto University, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan.
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9
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Wang L, Hikima Y, Ohshima M, Sekiguchi T, Yano H. Evolution of cellular morphologies and crystalline structures in high-expansion isotactic polypropylene/cellulose nanofiber nanocomposite foams. RSC Adv 2018; 8:15405-15416. [PMID: 35539453 PMCID: PMC9079998 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra01833b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2018] [Accepted: 04/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of cell morphology and crystalline microstructure of high expansion injection-molded isotactic polypropylene/cellulose nanofiber (PP/CNF) nanocomposite foams was understood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Wang
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Kyoto University
- Kyoto 615-8510
- Japan
| | - Yuta Hikima
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Kyoto University
- Kyoto 615-8510
- Japan
| | - Masahiro Ohshima
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Kyoto University
- Kyoto 615-8510
- Japan
| | | | - Hiroyuki Yano
- Research Institute for Sustainable Humano-sphere
- Kyoto University
- Kyoto 611-0011
- Japan
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10
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Wang L, Hikima Y, Ishihara S, Ohshima M. Fabrication of lightweight microcellular foams in injection-molded polypropylene using the synergy of long-chain branches and crystal nucleating agents. POLYMER 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2017.09.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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11
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Nucleation effects of zinc adipate as β-Nucleating agent in ethylene-propylene block copolymerized polypropylene. JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s10965-017-1300-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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12
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Xia XC, Yang W, He S, Xie DD, Zhang RY, Tian F, Yang MB. Formation of various crystalline structures in a polypropylene/polycarbonate in situ microfibrillar blend during the melt second flow. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2016; 18:14030-9. [PMID: 27157694 DOI: 10.1039/c6cp01426g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A special shell–core structure is formed in PP/PC/β-NA composites, which has huge potential for the improvement of mechanical performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Chao Xia
- College of Polymer Science & Engineering
- and the State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610065
- PR China
| | - Wei Yang
- College of Polymer Science & Engineering
- and the State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610065
- PR China
| | - Shan He
- College of Polymer Science & Engineering
- and the State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610065
- PR China
| | - Dan-Dan Xie
- College of Polymer Science & Engineering
- and the State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610065
- PR China
| | - Rui-Yan Zhang
- College of Polymer Science & Engineering
- and the State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610065
- PR China
| | - Feng Tian
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Shanghai 2012204
- China
| | - Ming-Bo Yang
- College of Polymer Science & Engineering
- and the State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610065
- PR China
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13
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Papageorgiou DG, Chrissafis K, Bikiaris DN. β-Nucleated Polypropylene: Processing, Properties and Nanocomposites. POLYM REV 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/15583724.2015.1019136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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14
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Liparoti S, Sorrentino A, Guzman G, Cakmak M, Titomanlio G. Fast mold surface temperature evolution: relevance of asymmetric surface heating for morphology of iPP molded samples. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra04383b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
It is widely accepted that mold temperature has a strong effect on the amount of molecular orientation and morphology developed in a non-isothermal flowing melt.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Liparoti
- Department of Industrial Engineering
- University of Salerno
- 84084 Fisciano
- Italy
| | - A. Sorrentino
- Institute for Polymers
- Composites and Biomaterials (IPCB-CNR)
- 80055 Portici
- Italy
| | - G. Guzman
- Department of Polymer Engineering
- The University of Akron
- Akron
- USA
| | - M. Cakmak
- Department of Polymer Engineering
- The University of Akron
- Akron
- USA
| | - G. Titomanlio
- Department of Industrial Engineering
- University of Salerno
- 84084 Fisciano
- Italy
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15
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Zhu Y, Zhao Y, Deng S, Zhang Q, Fu Q. Largely enhanced mechanical properties and heat distortion temperature of β-nucleated isotactic polypropylene by adding ultrafine full-vulcanized powdered rubber. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra05778g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Large enhancement in toughness is observed in β-iPP with a small amount of EA-UFPR, which is mainly attributed to the decreased size of supermolecular units and formation of an interconnected structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanling Zhu
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610065
- China
| | - Yongsheng Zhao
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610065
- China
| | - Sha Deng
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610065
- China
| | - Qin Zhang
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610065
- China
| | - Qiang Fu
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610065
- China
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16
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Zhao Z, Yang Q, Kong M, Tang D, Chen Q, Liu Y, Lou F, Huang Y, Liao X. Unusual hierarchical structures of micro-injection molded isotactic polypropylene in presence of an in situ microfibrillar network and a β-nucleating agent. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra05709d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The morphological development of iPP in presence of an in situ microfibrillar network and a β-nucleating agent under micro-injection molding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongguo Zhao
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering
- The State Key Laboratory for Polymer Materials Engineering
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610065
- PR China
| | - Qi Yang
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering
- The State Key Laboratory for Polymer Materials Engineering
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610065
- PR China
| | - Miqiu Kong
- School of Aeronautics and Astronautics
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610065
- PR China
| | - Dahang Tang
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering
- The State Key Laboratory for Polymer Materials Engineering
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610065
- PR China
| | - Qianying Chen
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering
- The State Key Laboratory for Polymer Materials Engineering
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610065
- PR China
| | - Ying Liu
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering
- The State Key Laboratory for Polymer Materials Engineering
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610065
- PR China
| | - Fangli Lou
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering
- The State Key Laboratory for Polymer Materials Engineering
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610065
- PR China
| | - Yajiang Huang
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering
- The State Key Laboratory for Polymer Materials Engineering
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610065
- PR China
| | - Xia Liao
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering
- The State Key Laboratory for Polymer Materials Engineering
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610065
- PR China
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17
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Zhao Z, Yang Q, Xi S, Kong M, Huang Y, Liao X. New understanding of the hierarchical distribution of isotactic polypropylene blends formed by microinjection-molded poly(ethylene terephthalate) and β-nucleating agent. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra10832b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Hierarchical distribution of β-crystals in microinjection molded poly(ethylene terephthalate)/β-nucleating agent-nucleated isotactic polypropylene blends.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongguo Zhao
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering
- The State Key Laboratory for Polymer Materials Engineering
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610065
- PR China
| | - Qi Yang
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering
- The State Key Laboratory for Polymer Materials Engineering
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610065
- PR China
| | - Shuting Xi
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering
- The State Key Laboratory for Polymer Materials Engineering
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610065
- PR China
| | - Miqiu Kong
- School of Aeronautics and Astronautics
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610065
- PR China
| | - Yajiang Huang
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering
- The State Key Laboratory for Polymer Materials Engineering
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610065
- PR China
| | - Xia Liao
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering
- The State Key Laboratory for Polymer Materials Engineering
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610065
- PR China
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18
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Wang Z, Zheng G, Wang B, Dai K, Guo JZ, Liu C, Shen C. Suppressing the skin–core structure in injection-molded HDPE parts via the combination of pre-shear and UHMWPE. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra15018c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Skin–core structure of a injection-molded high density polyethylene (HDPE) part is largely relieved due to the synergetic effects of pre-shear and UHMWPE, leading to a remarkable increase of tensile strength.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Wang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering
- The Key Laboratory of Material Processing and Mold of Ministry of Education
- Zhengzhou University
- Zhengzhou 450001
- People's Republic of China
| | - Guoqiang Zheng
- College of Materials Science and Engineering
- The Key Laboratory of Material Processing and Mold of Ministry of Education
- Zhengzhou University
- Zhengzhou 450001
- People's Republic of China
| | - Bo Wang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering
- The Key Laboratory of Material Processing and Mold of Ministry of Education
- Zhengzhou University
- Zhengzhou 450001
- People's Republic of China
| | - Kun Dai
- College of Materials Science and Engineering
- The Key Laboratory of Material Processing and Mold of Ministry of Education
- Zhengzhou University
- Zhengzhou 450001
- People's Republic of China
| | - John Zhanhu Guo
- Integrated Composites Laboratory (ICL)
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering
- University of Tennessee
- Knoxville
- USA
| | - Chuntai Liu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering
- The Key Laboratory of Material Processing and Mold of Ministry of Education
- Zhengzhou University
- Zhengzhou 450001
- People's Republic of China
| | - Changyu Shen
- College of Materials Science and Engineering
- The Key Laboratory of Material Processing and Mold of Ministry of Education
- Zhengzhou University
- Zhengzhou 450001
- People's Republic of China
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