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Wadhwa G, Late DJ, Charhate S, Sankhyan SB. 1D and 2D Boron Nitride Nano Structures: A Critical Analysis for Emerging Applications in the Field of Nanocomposites. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:26737-26761. [PMID: 38947781 PMCID: PMC11209893 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c10217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
Boron nitride (BN) with its 1D and 2D nano derivatives have gained immense popularity in both the field of research and applications. These nano derivatives have proved to be one of the most promising fillers which can be incorporated in polymers to form nanocomposites with excellent properties. These materials have been around for 25 years whereas significant research has been done in this field for only the past decade. There are many interesting properties which are imparted to the nanocomposites wherein thermal stability, large energy band gap, resistance to oxidation, excellent thermal conductivity, chemical inertness, and exceptional mechanical properties are just a few worthy of mention. Hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) was selected as the parent material by most researchers reviewed in this paper through which 2D derivative Boron nitride nanosheets (BNNS) and 1D derivative Boron nitride nanotubes (BNNTs) are synthesized. This review will focus on the in-depth properties of h-BN and further will concisely focus on BNNS and BNNTs for their various properties. A detailed discussion of the addition of BNNS and BNNTs into polymers to form nanocomposites, their synthesis, properties, and applications is followed by a summary determining the most suitable synthesizing processes and the materials, keeping in mind the current challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gunchita
Kaur Wadhwa
- Centre
of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Amity School of Engineering and
Technology, Amity University Maharashtra, Panvel, Mumbai, Maharashtra 410206, India
| | - Dattatray J. Late
- Centre
of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Amity School of Engineering and
Technology, Amity University Maharashtra, Panvel, Mumbai, Maharashtra 410206, India
| | - Shrikant Charhate
- Amity
School of Engineering and Technology, Amity
University Maharashtra, Panvel, Mumbai, Maharashtra 410206, India
| | - Shashi Bhushan Sankhyan
- Centre
of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Amity School of Engineering and
Technology, Amity University Maharashtra, Panvel, Mumbai, Maharashtra 410206, India
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Hao LT, Kim S, Lee M, Park SB, Koo JM, Jeon H, Park J, Oh DX. Next-generation all-organic composites: A sustainable successor to organic-inorganic hybrid materials. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 269:132129. [PMID: 38718994 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.132129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
This Review presents an overview of all-organic nanocomposites, a sustainable alternative to organic-inorganic hybrids. All-organic nanocomposites contain nanocellulose, nanochitin, and aramid nanofibers as highly rigid reinforcing fillers. They offer superior mechanical properties and lightweight characteristics suitable for diverse applications. The Review discusses various methods for preparing the organic nanofillers, including top-down and bottom-up approaches. It highlights in situ polymerization as the preferred method for incorporating these nanomaterials into polymer matrices to achieve homogeneous filler dispersion, a crucial factor for realizing desired performance. Furthermore, the Review explores several applications of all-organic nanocomposites in diverse fields including food packaging, performance-advantaged plastics, and electronic materials. Future research directions-developing sustainable production methods, expanding biomedical applications, and enhancing resistance against heat, chemicals, and radiation of all-organic nanocomposites to permit their use in extreme environments-are explored. This Review offers insights into the potential of all-organic nanocomposites to drive sustainable growth while meeting the demand for high-performance materials across various industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lam Tan Hao
- Research Center for Bio-Based Chemistry, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Ulsan 44429, Republic of Korea
| | - Semin Kim
- Research Center for Bio-Based Chemistry, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Ulsan 44429, Republic of Korea
| | - Minkyung Lee
- Research Center for Bio-Based Chemistry, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Ulsan 44429, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Bae Park
- Research Center for Bio-Based Chemistry, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Ulsan 44429, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Mo Koo
- Department of Organic Materials Engineering, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeonyeol Jeon
- Research Center for Bio-Based Chemistry, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Ulsan 44429, Republic of Korea; Advanced Materials & Chemical Engineering, Korea National University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jeyoung Park
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Sogang University, Seoul 04107, Republic of Korea.
| | - Dongyeop X Oh
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering and Program in Environmental and Polymer Engineering, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea.
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Sonar E, Shukla VH, Vaidya VM, Zende RJ, Ingole SD. Nanoparticles of chitosan and oregano essential oil: application as edible coatings on chicken patties. JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2023; 60:2868-2880. [PMID: 37711572 PMCID: PMC10497486 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-023-05804-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
Abstract The dense nutritional structure of meat predisposes it to microbial spoilage and oxidative changes. Thus, the present study evaluated the antimicrobial and antioxidant effect of the edible coating of nanoparticles of chitosan and oregano essential oil on the quality and shelf-life of chicken patties. Total four types of edible coatings were prepared, viz. T1:0.3% chitosan; T2:0.3% chitosan incorporated with 0.3% v/v oregano essential oil; T3:0.3% chitosan nanoparticles and T4: nanoparticles of 0.3% chitosan incorporated with 0.3% v/v oregano essential oil which were characterized by UV-visible spectrophotometry, particle size analysis and High-Resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy (HR-TEM). The chicken patties were dipped in developed edible coatings and evaluated for quality parameters at five days interval during refrigeration storage (4 ± 1 °C). The results indicated significantly (P < 0.05) improved physicochemical, microbiological, Hunter colour and sensory parameters in treatments than in control. Among the treatments, quality parameters were significantly enhanced in T4 than in other treatments. The results revealed that T3 and T4 had an improved shelf life of about 25 days while T1 and T2 had a shelf life of 15 and 20 days, respectively, but control spoiled on the 10th day of refrigeration storage. Graphical abstract Edible coating of nanoparticles of chitosan alone (T3) as well as chitosan incorporated with incorporated with oregano essential (T4) oil were prepared and characterized by HR-TEM and UV-Vis Spectrophotometry. UV-Vis Spectrophotometry revealed that T3 and T4 had the absorption maximum of 209 nm and 276 nm, respectively. HR-TEM revealed that (T4) had a spherical shape, with average size ranging from 100 to 200 nm while (T3) had a smaller size ranging from 80 to 100 nm, with a rough surface having a dense structure. Upon coating of chicken patties with edible coatings, a significant improvement was observed in the quality and shelf-life of chicken patties than control during refrigeration storage (4±1 °C). Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13197-023-05804-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eshwari Sonar
- Department of Livestock Products Technology, Mumbai Veterinary College, Mumbai, India
| | - V. H. Shukla
- Department of Livestock Products Technology, Mumbai Veterinary College, Mumbai, India
| | - V. M. Vaidya
- Department of Veterinary Public Health, Mumbai Veterinary College, Mumbai, India
| | - R. J. Zende
- Department of Veterinary Public Health, Mumbai Veterinary College, Mumbai, India
| | - S. D. Ingole
- Department of Veterinary Physiology, Mumbai Veterinary College, Mumbai, India
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Lv Y, Deng Y, Wang M, Li C, Xie P, Sun B, Yang X, Lang Y. Effect of chitosan-gelatine edible coating containing nano-encapsulated clove ethanol extract on cold storage of chilled pork. Meat Sci 2023; 204:109288. [PMID: 37517170 DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2023.109288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2022] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
Meat safety and quality are the main concerns of consumers in the present food market. Chitosan-gelatin edible coatings containing nano-encapsulated clove ethanol extracts (CNPs), designated as CHI-GEL-CNPs, on the quality preservation of chilled pork were studied. Results showed that the mean particle diameters of CNPs were 346.15 ± 37.30 nm. Nano-modification improved the antibacterial activity of free clove ethanol extract. The increasing rate order of TVB-N and TBARS was CHI-GEL-CNPs < CHI-GEL-Clove < CHI-GEL < CHI < CON group. The CHI-GEL-CNPs coating inhibited the elevation of pH and total viable count (TVC) of chilled pork. The TVB-N and TVC values demonstrated that the CHI-GEL-CNPs coating effectively extended the shelf life of chilled pork up to 13 days. In addition, the sensory properties of CHI-GEL-CNPs chilled pork loins were superior to that of control samples. Therefore, the developed CHI-GEL-CNPs coatings have great promise as a nanocomposite for meat preservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifei Lv
- Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of Hebei Province, College of Public Health, Hebei University, No. 180 Wusidong Road, Baoding 071002, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuzhen Deng
- Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of Hebei Province, College of Public Health, Hebei University, No. 180 Wusidong Road, Baoding 071002, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingru Wang
- Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of Hebei Province, College of Public Health, Hebei University, No. 180 Wusidong Road, Baoding 071002, People's Republic of China
| | - Cuiping Li
- Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of Hebei Province, College of Public Health, Hebei University, No. 180 Wusidong Road, Baoding 071002, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng Xie
- Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Beijing 100080, People's Republic of China
| | - Baozhong Sun
- Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Beijing 100080, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoxi Yang
- Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of Hebei Province, College of Public Health, Hebei University, No. 180 Wusidong Road, Baoding 071002, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yumiao Lang
- Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of Hebei Province, College of Public Health, Hebei University, No. 180 Wusidong Road, Baoding 071002, People's Republic of China.
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Nunes C, Silva M, Farinha D, Sales H, Pontes R, Nunes J. Edible Coatings and Future Trends in Active Food Packaging-Fruits' and Traditional Sausages' Shelf Life Increasing. Foods 2023; 12:3308. [PMID: 37685240 PMCID: PMC10486622 DOI: 10.3390/foods12173308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The global food production industry faces environmental concerns exacerbated by substantial food waste. European countries are striving to reduce food waste towards a circular bioeconomy and sustainable development. To address environmental issues and reduce plastic waste, researchers are developing sustainable active packaging systems, including edible packaging made from industry residues. These innovations aim to increase food safety and quality, extend shelf life, and reduce plastic and food waste. Particularly important in the context of the growing demand for fresh and minimally processed fruits, edible coatings have emerged as a potential solution that offers numerous advantages in maintaining fruit quality. In addition to fruit, edible coatings have also been investigated for animal-based foods to meet the demand for high-quality, chemical-free food and extended shelf life. These products globally consumed can be susceptible to the growth of harmful microorganisms and spoilage. One of the main advantages of using edible coatings is their ability to preserve meat quality and freshness by reducing undesirable physicochemical changes, such as color, texture, and moisture loss. Furthermore, edible coatings also contribute to the development of a circular bioeconomy, promoting sustainability in the food industry. This paper reviews the antimicrobial edible coatings investigated in recent years in minimally processed fruits and traditional sausages. It also approaches bionanocomposites as a recently emerged technology with potential application in food quality and safety.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Diana Farinha
- Association BLC3–Technology and Innovation Campus, Centre Bio R&D Unit, Rua Nossa Senhora da Conceição 2, Lagares da Beira, 3405-155 Oliveira do Hospital, Portugal; (C.N.); (M.S.); (H.S.); (R.P.); (J.N.)
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Mapossa AB, da Silva Júnior AH, de Oliveira CRS, Mhike W. Thermal, Morphological and Mechanical Properties of Multifunctional Composites Based on Biodegradable Polymers/Bentonite Clay: A Review. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:3443. [PMID: 37631500 PMCID: PMC10458906 DOI: 10.3390/polym15163443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The extensive use of non-biodegradable plastic products has resulted in significant environmental problems caused by their accumulation in landfills and their proliferation into water bodies. Biodegradable polymers offer a potential solution to mitigate these issues through the utilization of renewable resources which are abundantly available and biodegradable, making them environmentally friendly. However, biodegradable polymers face challenges such as relatively low mechanical strength and thermal resistance, relatively inferior gas barrier properties, low processability, and economic viability. To overcome these limitations, researchers are investigating the incorporation of nanofillers, specifically bentonite clay, into biodegradable polymeric matrices. Bentonite clay is an aluminum phyllosilicate with interesting properties such as a high cation exchange capacity, a large surface area, and environmental compatibility. However, achieving complete dispersion of nanoclays in polymeric matrices remains a challenge due to these materials' hydrophilic and hydrophobic nature. Several methods are employed to prepare polymer-clay nanocomposites, including solution casting, melt extrusion, spraying, inkjet printing, and electrospinning. Biodegradable polymeric nanocomposites are versatile and promising in various industrial applications such as electromagnetic shielding, energy storage, electronics, and flexible electronics. Additionally, combining bentonite clay with other fillers such as graphene can significantly reduce production costs compared to the exclusive use of carbon nanotubes or metallic fillers in the matrix. This work reviews the development of bentonite clay-based composites with biodegradable polymers for multifunctional applications. The composition, structure, preparation methods, and characterization techniques of these nanocomposites are discussed, along with the challenges and future directions in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- António Benjamim Mapossa
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Pretoria, Lynnwood Road, Pretoria 0002, South Africa
| | - Afonso Henrique da Silva Júnior
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Food Engineering, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis 88037-000, SC, Brazil
| | | | - Washington Mhike
- Polymer Technology Division, Department of Chemical, Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Tshwane University of Technology, Pretoria 0183, South Africa
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Structure of Starch-Sepiolite Bio-Nanocomposites: Effect of Processing and Matrix-Filler Interactions. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15051207. [PMID: 36904448 PMCID: PMC10007023 DOI: 10.3390/polym15051207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Sepiolite clay is a natural filler particularly suitable to be used with polysaccharide matrices (e.g., in starch-based bio-nanocomposites), increasing their attractiveness for a wide range of applications, such as packaging. Herein, the effect of the processing (i.e., starch gelatinization, addition of glycerol as plasticizer, casting to obtain films) and of the sepiolite filler amount on the microstructure of starch-based nanocomposites was investigated by SS-NMR (solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance), XRD (X-ray diffraction) and FTIR (Fourier-transform infrared) spectroscopy. Morphology, transparency and thermal stability were then assessed by SEM (scanning electron microscope), TGA (thermogravimetric analysis) and UV-visible spectroscopy. It was demonstrated that the processing method allowed to disrupt the rigid lattice structure of semicrystalline starch and thus obtain amorphous flexible films, with high transparency and good thermal resistance. Moreover, the microstructure of the bio-nanocomposites was found to intrinsically depend on complex interactions among sepiolite, glycerol and starch chains, which are also supposed to affect the final properties of the starch-sepiolite composite materials.
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Nkwoada A, Oyedika G, Oguzie E, Ogwuegbu M. Development of Kaolin and Periwinkle Shell Ash Co-Doped TiO2 Nanoparticles for Degradation of Hazardous Dye. INORG CHEM COMMUN 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.inoche.2022.109768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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9
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Rossa V, Monteiro Ferreira LE, da Costa Vasconcelos S, Tai Shimabukuro ET, Gomes da Costa Madriaga V, Carvalho AP, Castellã Pergher SB, de Carvalho da Silva F, Ferreira VF, Conte Junior CA, de Melo Lima T. Nanocomposites based on the graphene family for food packaging: historical perspective, preparation methods, and properties. RSC Adv 2022; 12:14084-14111. [PMID: 35558848 PMCID: PMC9094098 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra00912a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanotechnology experienced a great technological advance after the discovery of the graphene family (graphene – Gr, graphene oxide – GO, and reduced graphene oxide-rGO). Based on the excellent properties of these materials, it is possible to develop novel polymeric nanocomposites for several applications in our daily routine. One of the most prominent applications is for food packaging, offering nanocomposites with improved thermal, mechanical, anti-microbial, and barrier properties against gas and water vapor. This paper reviewed food packaging from its inception to the present day, with the development of more resistant and intelligent packaging. Herein, the most common combinations of polymeric matrices (derived from non-renewable and renewable sources) with Gr, GO, and rGO and their typical preparation methods are presented. Besides, the interactions present in these nanocomposites will be discussed in detail, and their final properties will be thoroughly analyzed as a function of the preparation technique and graphene family-matrix combinations. Food packaging based on nanotechnology of polymeric nanocomposites of graphene and graphene oxide results in packaging with better thermal, mechanical, antimicrobial, electrical packaging, moisture barrier and gas properties.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinicius Rossa
- Departamento de Química Inorgânica, Campus Do Valonguinho, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal Fluminense - IQ-UFF 24020-150 Niterói RJ Brazil
| | - Luanne Ester Monteiro Ferreira
- Departamento de Química Inorgânica, Campus Do Valonguinho, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal Fluminense - IQ-UFF 24020-150 Niterói RJ Brazil
| | - Sancler da Costa Vasconcelos
- Departamento de Química Inorgânica, Campus Do Valonguinho, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal Fluminense - IQ-UFF 24020-150 Niterói RJ Brazil
| | - Eric Thomas Tai Shimabukuro
- Departamento de Química Inorgânica, Campus Do Valonguinho, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal Fluminense - IQ-UFF 24020-150 Niterói RJ Brazil
| | - Vinicius Gomes da Costa Madriaga
- Departamento de Química Inorgânica, Campus Do Valonguinho, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal Fluminense - IQ-UFF 24020-150 Niterói RJ Brazil
| | - Anna Paula Carvalho
- Food Science Program, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal Do Rio de Janeiro 21941-909 Rio de Janeiro Brazil
| | - Sibele Berenice Castellã Pergher
- Laboratory Molecular Sieves - LABPEMOL, Chemistry Institute - Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte - IQ-UFRN Natal RN Brazil
| | - Fernando de Carvalho da Silva
- Departamento de Química Orgânica, Campus Do Valonguinho, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal Fluminense 24020-150 Niterói RJ Brazil
| | - Vitor Francisco Ferreira
- Departamento de Tecnologia Farmacêutica, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal Fluminense 24241-000 Niterói RJ Brazil
| | - Carlos Adam Conte Junior
- Food Science Program, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal Do Rio de Janeiro 21941-909 Rio de Janeiro Brazil
| | - Thiago de Melo Lima
- Departamento de Química Inorgânica, Campus Do Valonguinho, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal Fluminense - IQ-UFF 24020-150 Niterói RJ Brazil
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Bhat AH, Rangreez TA, Inamuddin, Chisti HTN. Wastewater Treatment and Biomedical Applications of Montmorillonite
Based Nanocomposites: A Review. CURR ANAL CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.2174/1573411016999200729123309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background::
Rapid industrialisation, population growth and technological race worldwide have brought adverse
consequences on water resources and as a result affect human health. Toxic metal ions, non-biodegradable dyes, organic
pollutants, pesticides, pharmaceuticals are among the chief hazardous materials released into the water bodies from various
sources. These hazardous contaminants drastically affect the flora and fauna globally leading to health deterioration there
by giving rise to new biomedical challenges.
Hypothesis::
Montmorillonite based nanocomposites (MMTCs) have drawn an attention of the researchers to design
environmental friendly, advanced and hygienic nanocomposites for wastewater treatment and biomedical purposes.
Montmorillonite clay possesses peculiar physical and chemical properties that include enhanced surface reactivity, improved
rheological performance, exorbitant miscibility in water due to which it shows highly favourable interactions with polymers,
drugs, metals, mixed metals and metal oxides leading to the fabrication of different types of advanced montmorillonite
based nanocomposites that have remarkable applications
Methodology::
Here we review the structural characteristics of montmorillonite clay, advances in the synthetic techniques
involved in the fabrication of montmorillonite nanocomposites, their applications in waste water treatment and in bio
medical field. The recently developed montmorillonite nanocomposites for (1) waste water treatment as nano-adsorbents
for the elimination of toxic inorganic species such as metal ions and heterogeneous photo-catalysts for photo degradation
of dyes, pesticides and pharmaceuticals (2) biomedical utilization viz drug delivery, wound amelioration, bone cement,
tissue engineering etc. are presented
Conclusion::
The review exclusively focuses on recent research on montmorillonite based nanocomposites and their
application in wastewater treatment and in biomedical field
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Affiliation(s)
- Aabid Hussain Bhat
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology, Srinagar, J&K-190006,India,India
| | | | - Inamuddin
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdul Aziz University, Jeddah,Saudi Arabia
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Chawla R, Sivakumar S, Kaur H. Antimicrobial edible films in food packaging: Current scenario and recent nanotechnological advancements- a review. CARBOHYDRATE POLYMER TECHNOLOGIES AND APPLICATIONS 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carpta.2020.100024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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Fabrication of Differently Shaped Polymeric Nanoneedle Arrays via Multistep Plasma Etching Using Silica Microparticles as Masks. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/bkcs.12343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Graphene-Based Nanocomposites: Synthesis, Mechanical Properties, and Characterizations. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13172869. [PMID: 34502909 PMCID: PMC8434110 DOI: 10.3390/polym13172869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Revised: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Graphene-based nanocomposites possess excellent mechanical, electrical, thermal, optical, and chemical properties. These materials have potential applications in high-performance transistors, biomedical systems, sensors, and solar cells. This paper presents a critical review of the recent developments in graphene-based nanocomposite research, exploring synthesis methods, characterizations, mechanical properties, and thermal properties. Emphasis is placed on characterization techniques and mechanical properties with detailed examples from recent literature. The importance of characterization techniques including Raman spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), atomic force microscopy (AFM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) for the characterization of graphene flakes and their composites were thoroughly discussed. Finally, the effect of graphene even at very low loadings on the mechanical properties of the composite matrix was extensively reviewed.
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Franco-Urquiza EA. Clay-Based Polymer Nanocomposites: Essential Work of Fracture. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:2399. [PMID: 34372002 PMCID: PMC8348371 DOI: 10.3390/polym13152399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Revised: 06/13/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
This work details the general structure of the clays used as a reinforcement phase in polymer nanocomposites. Clays are formed by the molecular arrangement of atomic planes described through diagrams to improve their visualization. The molecular knowledge of clays can facilitate the selection of the polymer matrix and achieve a suitable process to obtain clay-based polymer nanocomposite systems. This work highlights the development of polymer nanocomposites using the melt intercalation method. The essential work of fracture (EWF) technique has been used to characterize the fracture behavior of materials that show ductility and where complete yielding of the ligament region occurs before the crack propagation. In this sense, the EWF technique characterizes the post-yielding fracture mechanics, determining two parameters: the specific essential work of fracture (we), related to the surface where the actual fracture process occurs, and the specific non-essential work of fracture (wp), related to the plastic work carried out in the outer zone of the fracture zone. The EWF technique has been used successfully in nano-reinforced polymers to study the influence of different variables on fracture behavior. In this work, the fundamentals of the EWF technique are described, and some examples of its application are compiled, presenting a summary of the most relevant contributions in recent years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edgar Adrian Franco-Urquiza
- National Council for Science and Technology (CONACYT-CIDESI), Center for Engineering and Industrial Development, Carretera Estatal 200, km 23, Querétaro 76265, Mexico
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Ji D, Kim J. Recent Strategies for Strengthening and Stiffening Tough Hydrogels. ADVANCED NANOBIOMED RESEARCH 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/anbr.202100026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Donghwan Ji
- School of Chemical Engineering Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU) Suwon 16419 Republic of Korea
| | - Jaeyun Kim
- School of Chemical Engineering Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU) Suwon 16419 Republic of Korea
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Science and Technology (SAIHST) Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU) Suwon 16419 Republic of Korea
- Biomedical Institute for Convergence at SKKU (BICS) Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU) Suwon 16419 Republic of Korea
- Institute of Quantum Biophysics (IQB) Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU) Suwon 16419 Republic of Korea
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Abstract
The present study deals with the relation between crystalline order in kaolinites and their ability to intercalate DMSO. Raw clays and kaolinite–DMSO complexes are analyzed using FTIR, XRD powder diffraction and differential scanning calorimetry and thermogravimetric analysis (DSC-TGA). The crystallinity is accessed using the Hinckley index (HI) from the raw clays’ XRD patterns and the p2 factor from their FTIR spectra. The intercalation ratio is evaluated from XRD and compared among the samples. The thermal analyses show a decrease in the dehydroxylation temperature in the DMSO–kaolinite complexes, indicating a decrease in the interlayer cohesion that may be useful to improve the delamination of kaolinite. The analysis of the coherent scattering domain size in the raw and the DMSO-intercalated samples indicates that the ordering is not affected during the DMSO intercalation. From these results, it is deduced that DMSO intercalation is favored by an increased crystallinity, as revealed by the intercalation ratio from XRD and the DSMO release during DSC-TGA analysis.
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Basumatary IB, Mukherjee A, Katiyar V, Kumar S. Biopolymer-based nanocomposite films and coatings: recent advances in shelf-life improvement of fruits and vegetables. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2020; 62:1912-1935. [DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2020.1848789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Indra Bhusan Basumatary
- Department of Food Engineering and Technology, Central Institute of Technology Kokrajhar, Kokrajhar, Assam, India
| | - Avik Mukherjee
- Department of Food Engineering and Technology, Central Institute of Technology Kokrajhar, Kokrajhar, Assam, India
| | - Vimal Katiyar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam, India
| | - Santosh Kumar
- Department of Food Engineering and Technology, Central Institute of Technology Kokrajhar, Kokrajhar, Assam, India
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18
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Effect of LDHs and Other Clays on Polymer Composite in Adsorptive Removal of Contaminants: A Review. CRYSTALS 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/cryst10110957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Recently, the development of a unique class of layered silicate nanomaterials has attracted considerable interest for treatment of wastewater. Clean water is an essential commodity for healthier life, agriculture and a safe environment at large. Layered double hydroxides (LDHs) and other clay hybrids are emerging as potential nanostructured adsorbents for water purification. These LDH hybrids are referred to as hydrotalcite-based materials or anionic clays and promising multifunctional two-dimensional (2D) nanomaterials. They are used in many applications including photocatalysis, energy storage, nanocomposites, adsorption, diffusion and water purification. The adsorption and diffusion capacities of various toxic contaminants heavy metal ions and dyes on different unmodified and modified LDH-samples are discussed comparatively with other types of nanoclays acting as adsorbents. This review focuses on the preparation methods, comparison of adsorption and diffusion capacities of LDH-hybrids and other nanoclay materials for the treatment of various contaminants such as heavy metal ions and dyes.
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19
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Nano-inspired oxygen barrier coatings for food packaging applications: An overview. Trends Food Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2020.01.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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20
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Kenawy ER, Berber MR, Saad-Allah K, Azaam M. Synthesis of montmorillonite-based tris(2-ethylamine)-Schiff-base composites with remarkable antibacterial activity. JOURNAL OF SAUDI CHEMICAL SOCIETY 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jscs.2019.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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21
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Gholami R, Ahmadi E, Ahmadi S. Investigating the effect of chitosan, nanopackaging, and modified atmosphere packaging on physical, chemical, and mechanical properties of button mushroom during storage. Food Sci Nutr 2020; 8:224-236. [PMID: 31993148 PMCID: PMC6977487 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.1294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Revised: 10/05/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the effect of chitosan coating, nanopackaging, and modified atmosphere packaging (MAP) to increase the shelf life and improve the quality of the white button mushroom. Uncoated and coated button mushrooms were stacked in three types of packages (normal, nano, and nano + MAP). The atmosphere inside the nano + MAP packages contained 10% oxygen and 10% carbon dioxide. The physical, chemical, mechanical properties and the evolution of oxygen and carbon dioxide inside the packages were investigated. The results showed that the triple interaction had significant effect (at 1% and 5% levels) on physical, mechanical properties and gas composition. The use of nanofilm (due to the low permeability to oxygen and carbon dioxide), as well as the modification of atmosphere had a positive effect on the control of mushroom respiration rate and the improvement in its physical, chemical, and mechanical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rashid Gholami
- Department of Biosystem EngineeringFaculty of AgricultureBu‐Ali Sina UniversityHamedanIran
| | - Ebrahim Ahmadi
- Department of Biosystem EngineeringFaculty of AgricultureBu‐Ali Sina UniversityHamedanIran
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22
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Li-Zhulanov N, Mäki-Arvela P, Laluc M, Peixoto AF, Kholkina E, Sandberg T, Aho A, Volcho K, Salakhutdinov N, Freire C, Sidorenko AY, Murzin DY. Prins cyclization of (-)-isopulegol with benzaldehyde for production of chromenols over organosulfonic clays. MOLECULAR CATALYSIS 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mcat.2019.110569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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23
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Yu HY, Zhang H, Abdalkarim SYH, Yang L, Zhu J, Gu J, Yao J. Interfacial compatible poly(ethylene glycol) chains modified cellulose nanosphere as bifunctional reinforcements in green polylatic acid for food packagings. J Taiwan Inst Chem Eng 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtice.2018.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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24
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25
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Chitosan spray-dried microcapsule and microsphere as fertilizer host for swellable − controlled release materials. Carbohydr Polym 2018; 196:47-55. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2018.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2018] [Revised: 04/17/2018] [Accepted: 05/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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26
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Mbey JA, Thomas F, Hoppe S. Kaolinite dispersion in cassava starch-based composite films: a photonic microscopy and X-ray tomography study. JOURNAL OF POLYMER ENGINEERING 2018. [DOI: 10.1515/polyeng-2017-0302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
In the present study, a combined use of photonic microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and 3D X-ray tomography is carried out in order to analyze the dispersion and the distribution of raw and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO)-intercalated kaolinite used as filler in cassava starch-based films. It is shown that the association of these techniques allows a valuable analysis of clay dispersion in polymer-clay composite films. In the case of kaolinite-starch composite films on which this study is focused, it is obvious that previous intercalation of kaolinite with DMSO is an efficient way to improve dispersion and distribution of kaolinite in a starch polymer matrix.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean Aimé Mbey
- Laboratory of Applied Inorganic Chemistry , Department of Inorganic Chemistry , University of Yaounde I , P.O. Box 812 , Yaoundé , Cameroon
- Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire des Environnements Continentaux , Université de Lorraine, UMR 7360, 15 Avenue du Charmois, B.P. 40. F-54501 , Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy Cedex , France
| | - Fabien Thomas
- Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire des Environnements Continentaux , Université de Lorraine, UMR 7360, 15 Avenue du Charmois, B.P. 40. F-54501 , Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy Cedex , France
- CNRS, Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire des Environnements Continentaux, UMR 7360, 15 Avenue du Charmois, B.P. 40. F-54501 , Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy Cedex , France
| | - Sandrine Hoppe
- CNRS, Laboratoire Réactions et Génie des Procédés, UPR 3349, 1 Rue Grandville, B.P. 20451 , 54001 Nancy Cedex , France
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27
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Sahebi Jouibari I, Haddadi-Asl V, Mirhosseini MM. Formulation of micro-phase separation kinetics of polyurethane nanocomposites. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.4410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Iman Sahebi Jouibari
- Department of Polymer Engineering and Color Technology; Amirkabir University of Technology (Tehran Polytechnic); Tehran Iran
| | - Vahid Haddadi-Asl
- Department of Polymer Engineering and Color Technology; Amirkabir University of Technology (Tehran Polytechnic); Tehran Iran
| | - Mohammad Masoud Mirhosseini
- Department of Polymer Engineering and Color Technology; Amirkabir University of Technology (Tehran Polytechnic); Tehran Iran
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28
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Rizvi R, Nguyen EP, Kowal MD, Mak WH, Rasel S, Islam MA, Abdelaal A, Joshi AS, Zekriardehani S, Coleman MR, Kaner RB. High-Throughput Continuous Production of Shear-Exfoliated 2D Layered Materials using Compressible Flows. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2018; 30:e1800200. [PMID: 29904962 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201800200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2018] [Revised: 04/20/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
2D nanomaterials are finding numerous applications in next-generation electronics, consumer goods, energy generation and storage, and healthcare. The rapid rise of utility and applications for 2D nanomaterials necessitates developing means for their mass production. This study details a new compressible flow exfoliation method for producing 2D nanomaterials using a multiphase flow of 2D layered materials suspended in a high-pressure gas undergoing expansion. The expanded gas-solid mixture is sprayed in a suitable solvent, where a significant portion (up to 10% yield) of the initial hexagonal boron nitride material is found to be exfoliated with a mean thickness of 4.2 nm. The exfoliation is attributed to the high shear rates (γ˙ > 105 s-1 ) generated by supersonic flow of compressible gases inside narrow orifices and converging-diverging channels. This method has significant advantages over current 2D material exfoliation methods, such as chemical intercalation and exfoliation, as well as liquid phase shear exfoliation, with the most obvious benefit being the fast, continuous nature of the process. Other advantages include environmentally friendly processing, reduced occurrence of defects, and the versatility to be applied to any 2D layered material using any gaseous medium. Scaling this process to industrial production has a strong possibility of reducing the cost of creating 2D nanomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Rizvi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, UCLA, 607 Charles E. Young Drive East, Box 951569, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Department of Mechanical, Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering, University of Toledo, 2801 W. Bancroft St, MS312, Toledo, OH, 43606, USA
| | - Emily P Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, UCLA, 607 Charles E. Young Drive East, Box 951569, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, RMIT University, GPO Box 2476, Melbourne, VIC, 3001, Australia
| | - Matthew D Kowal
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, UCLA, 607 Charles E. Young Drive East, Box 951569, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Wai H Mak
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, UCLA, 607 Charles E. Young Drive East, Box 951569, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Sheikh Rasel
- Department of Mechanical, Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering, University of Toledo, 2801 W. Bancroft St, MS312, Toledo, OH, 43606, USA
| | - Md Akibul Islam
- Department of Mechanical, Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering, University of Toledo, 2801 W. Bancroft St, MS312, Toledo, OH, 43606, USA
| | - Ahmed Abdelaal
- Department of Mechanical, Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering, University of Toledo, 2801 W. Bancroft St, MS312, Toledo, OH, 43606, USA
| | - Anup S Joshi
- Polymer Institute, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Toledo, 2801 W. Bancroft St., MS 401, Toledo, OH, 43606, USA
| | - Shahab Zekriardehani
- Polymer Institute, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Toledo, 2801 W. Bancroft St., MS 401, Toledo, OH, 43606, USA
| | - Maria R Coleman
- Polymer Institute, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Toledo, 2801 W. Bancroft St., MS 401, Toledo, OH, 43606, USA
| | - Richard B Kaner
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, UCLA, 607 Charles E. Young Drive East, Box 951569, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
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Tavares SR, Vaiss VS, Antunes FPN, Fonseca CG, Nangoi IM, Moraes PIR, Soares CV, Haddad JFS, Lima LL, Silva BNN, Leitão AA. DFT calculations for structural prediction and applications of intercalated lamellar compounds. Dalton Trans 2018; 47:2852-2866. [DOI: 10.1039/c7dt03730a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
This review lists some relevant types of intercalated lamellar materials and applications of DFT calculations in these materials.
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30
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Mechanical behavior of biopolymer composite coatings on plastic films by depth-sensing indentation - A nanoscale study. J Colloid Interface Sci 2017; 512:638-646. [PMID: 29102910 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2017.10.108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2017] [Revised: 10/24/2017] [Accepted: 10/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Fundamental physical behaviors of materials at the nanoscale level are crucial when local aspects govern the macroscale performance of nanocomposites, e.g., interface and surface phenomena. Because of the increasing interest in biopolymer nanocomposite coatings for many different applications (e.g., optical devices, displays/screens, and packaging), this work investigates the potential of nanoindentation as a method for clarifying the interplay between distinct phases (i.e., organic and inorganic) at local level in thin biopolymer films loaded with nanoparticles. The nanomechanical features of pullulan nanocomposite coatings laid on polyethylene terephthalate (PET) were quantified in terms of elastic modulus (E), hardness (H), and creep (C) through an instrumented indentation test composed of a loading-holding-unloading cycle. Colloidal silica (CS) and cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) were used as spherical and rod-like nanoparticles, respectively. An overall reinforcing effect was shown for all nanocomposite coatings over the pristine (unfilled) pullulan coating. A size effect was also disclosed for the CS-loaded surfaces, with the highest E value recorded for the largest particles (8.19 ± 0.35 GPa) and the highest H value belonging to the smallest ones (395.41 ± 25.22 MPa). Comparing CS and CNCs, the addition of spherical nanoparticles had a greater effect on the surface hardness than cellulose nanowhiskers (353.50 ± 83.52 MPa and 321.36 ± 43.26 MPa, respectively). As for the elastic modulus, the addition of CS did not provide any improvement over both the bare and CNC-loaded pullulan coatings, whereas the coating including CNCs exhibited higher E values (p < .05). Finally, CS-loaded pullulan coatings were the best performing in terms of C properties, with an average indentation depth of 16.5 ± 1.85 nm under a load of ∼190 μN. These results are discussed in terms of local distribution gradients, surface chemistry of nanoparticles, and how nanoparticle aggregation occurred in the dry nanocomposite coatings.
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Uysal Unalan I, Boyacı D, Trabattoni S, Tavazzi S, Farris S. Transparent Pullulan/Mica Nanocomposite Coatings with Outstanding Oxygen Barrier Properties. NANOMATERIALS 2017; 7:nano7090281. [PMID: 28925951 PMCID: PMC5618392 DOI: 10.3390/nano7090281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2017] [Revised: 09/14/2017] [Accepted: 09/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
This study presents a new bionanocomposite coating on poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) made of pullulan and synthetic mica. Mica nanolayers have a very high aspect ratio (α), at levels much greater than that of conventional exfoliated clay layers (e.g., montmorillonite). A very small amount of mica (0.02 wt %, which is ϕ ≈ 0.00008) in pullulan coatings dramatically improved the oxygen barrier performance of the nanocomposite films under dry conditions, however, this performance was partly lost as the environmental relative humidity (RH) increased. This outcome was explained in terms of the perturbation of the spatial ordering of mica sheets within the main pullulan phase, because of RH fluctuations. This was confirmed by modelling of the experimental oxygen transmission rate (OTR) data according to Cussler’s model. The presence of the synthetic nanobuilding block (NBB) led to a decrease in both static and kinetic coefficients of friction, compared with neat PET (≈12% and 23%, respectively) and PET coated with unloaded pullulan (≈26% reduction in both coefficients). In spite of the presence of the filler, all of the coating formulations did not significantly impair the overall optical properties of the final material, which exhibited haze values below 3% and transmittance above 85%. The only exception to this was represented by the formulation with the highest loading of mica (1.5 wt %, which is ϕ ≈ 0.01). These findings revealed, for the first time, the potential of the NBB mica to produce nanocomposite coatings in combination with biopolymers for the generation of new functional features, such as transparent high oxygen barrier materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilke Uysal Unalan
- DeFENS, Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences-Packaging Division, University of Milan, via Celoria, 2, 20133 Milan, Italy.
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, İzmir University of Economics, İzmir 35330, Turkey.
- School of Packaging, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA.
| | - Derya Boyacı
- DeFENS, Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences-Packaging Division, University of Milan, via Celoria, 2, 20133 Milan, Italy.
- Department of Food Engineering, Izmir Institute of Technology, İzmir 35430, Turkey.
| | - Silvia Trabattoni
- Department of Materials Science, University of Milano Bicocca, via Cozzi 55, 20125 Milan, Italy.
| | - Silvia Tavazzi
- Department of Materials Science, University of Milano Bicocca, via Cozzi 55, 20125 Milan, Italy.
| | - Stefano Farris
- DeFENS, Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences-Packaging Division, University of Milan, via Celoria, 2, 20133 Milan, Italy.
- INSTM, National Consortium of Materials Science and Technology, Local Unit University of Milan, via Celoria 2, 20133 Milan, Italy.
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A R, Jagadeesan S, Cho YJ, Lim JH, Choi KH. Synthesis and evaluation of the cytotoxic and anti-proliferative properties of ZnO quantum dots against MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 human breast cancer cells. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2017; 81:551-560. [PMID: 28888009 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2017.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2017] [Revised: 07/05/2017] [Accepted: 08/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Current trends in therapeutic research are the application of nanomaterial carriers for cancer therapy. One such molecule, ZnO, originally used in diagnosis and as a drug carrier, is gaining importance for its biological properties. Here, we report for the first time, the scope of ZnO QDs for enhanced cytotoxicity against MCF-7 and metastatic MDA-MB-231 human breast cancer cells. Unlike other ZnO nanostructures, ZnO QDs are dispersed and small sized (8-10nm) which is believed to greatly increase the cellular uptake. Furthermore, the acidic tumor microenvironment attracts ZnO QDs enhancing targeted therapy while leaving normal cells less affected. Results from MTT assay demonstrated that ZnO QDs induced cytotoxicity to MCF-7 and metastatic MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells at very low concentrations (10 and 15μg/ml) as compared to other reported ZnO nanostructures. HEK-293 cells showed less toxicity at these concentrations. Confocal microscope images from DAPI staining and TUNEL assay demonstrated that ZnO QDs induced nuclear fragmentation and apoptosis in MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231. FACS results suggested ZnO QDs treatment induced cell cycle arrest at the G0/G1 phase in these cells. ZnO QDs drastically decreased the proliferation and migration of MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 as seen from the results of the clonogenic and wound healing assays respectively. Furthermore, our data suggested that ZnO QDs regulated apoptosis via Bax and Bcl-2 proteins as validated by immunofluorescence and western blot. Taken together, our findings demonstrate that these ultra-small sized ZnO QDs destabilize cancer cells by using its acidic tumor microenvironment thereby inducing apoptosis and controlling the cell proliferation and migration at low dosages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roshini A
- Department of Mechatronics Engineering, Jeju National University, 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Srikanth Jagadeesan
- Department of Advanced Convergence Technology and Science, Jeju National University, 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Jae Cho
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, 13620, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Hwan Lim
- Department of Mechatronics Engineering, Jeju National University, 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Hyun Choi
- Department of Mechatronics Engineering, Jeju National University, 63243, Republic of Korea; Department of Advanced Convergence Technology and Science, Jeju National University, 63243, Republic of Korea.
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Uysal Unalan I, Boyacı D, Ghaani M, Trabattoni S, Farris S. Graphene Oxide Bionanocomposite Coatings with High Oxygen Barrier Properties. NANOMATERIALS 2016; 6:nano6120244. [PMID: 28335372 PMCID: PMC5302709 DOI: 10.3390/nano6120244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2016] [Revised: 12/10/2016] [Accepted: 12/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we present the development of bionanocomposite coatings on poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) with outstanding oxygen barrier properties. Pullulan and graphene oxide (GO) were used as main polymer phase and nanobuilding block (NBB), respectively. The oxygen barrier performance was investigated at different filler volume fractions (ϕ) and as a function of different relative humidity (RH) values. Noticeably, the impermeable nature of GO was reflected under dry conditions, in which an oxygen transmission rate (OTR, mL·m−2·24 h−1) value below the detection limit of the instrument (0.01 mL·m−2·24 h−1) was recorded, even for ϕ as low as 0.0004. A dramatic increase of the OTR values occurred in humid conditions, such that the barrier performance was totally lost at 90% RH (the OTR of coated PET films was equal to the OTR of bare PET films). Modelling of the experimental OTR data by Cussler’s model suggested that the spatial ordering of GO sheets within the main pullulan phase was perturbed because of RH fluctuations. In spite of the presence of the filler, all the formulations allowed the obtainment of final materials with haze values below 3%, the only exception being the formulation with the highest loading of GO (ϕ ≈ 0.03). The mechanisms underlying the experimental observations are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilke Uysal Unalan
- DeFENS, Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences-Packaging Division, University of Milan, via Celoria 2-20133 Milan, Italy.
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, İzmir University of Economics, İzmir 35330, Turkey.
- School of Packaging, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA.
| | - Derya Boyacı
- DeFENS, Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences-Packaging Division, University of Milan, via Celoria 2-20133 Milan, Italy.
- Department of Food Engineering, Izmir Institute of Technology, İzmir 35430, Turkey.
| | - Masoud Ghaani
- DeFENS, Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences-Packaging Division, University of Milan, via Celoria 2-20133 Milan, Italy.
| | - Silvia Trabattoni
- Department of Materials Science, University of Milano Bicocca, via Cozzi 55-20125 Milan, Italy.
| | - Stefano Farris
- DeFENS, Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences-Packaging Division, University of Milan, via Celoria 2-20133 Milan, Italy.
- INSTM, National Consortium of Materials Science and Technology, Local Unit University of Milan, via Celoria 2-20133 Milan, Italy.
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Meshram JV, Koli VB, Phadatare MR, Pawar SH. Anti-microbial surfaces: An approach for deposition of ZnO nanoparticles on PVA-Gelatin composite film by screen printing technique. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2016; 73:257-266. [PMID: 28183607 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2016.12.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2016] [Revised: 11/18/2016] [Accepted: 12/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Initially micro-organisms get exposed to the surfaces, this demands development of anti-microbial surfaces to inhibit their proliferation. Therefore, herein, we attempt screen printing technique for development of PVA-GE/ZnO nanocomposite (PG/ZnO) films. The synthesis of PG/ZnO nanocomposite includes two steps as: (i) Coating of Zinc Oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) by poly ethylene glycol in order to be compatible with organic counterparts. (ii) Deposition of coated nanoparticles on the PG film surface. The results suggest the enhancement in anti-microbial activity of PG/ZnO nanocomposite over pure ZnO NPs against both Gram positive Bacillus subtilis and Gram negative Escherichia coli from zone of inhibition. The uniformity in deposition is further confirmed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images. The phase identification of ZnO NPs and formation of PG/ZnO nanocomposite has been confirmed by X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis and UV-vis spectroscopy (UV-vis). The Attenuated total reflection Spectroscopy (ATR) analysis indicates the ester bond between PVA and gelatin molecules. The thermal stability of nanocomposite is studied by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) revealing increase in crystallinity due to ZnO NPs which could be utilized to inhibit the growth of micro-organisms. The tensile strength is found to be higher and percent elongation is double of PG/ZnO nanocomposite than PG composite film.
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Affiliation(s)
- J V Meshram
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research, D. Y. Patil University, Kolhapur 416006, Maharashtra, India
| | - V B Koli
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research, D. Y. Patil University, Kolhapur 416006, Maharashtra, India
| | - M R Phadatare
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research, D. Y. Patil University, Kolhapur 416006, Maharashtra, India
| | - S H Pawar
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research, D. Y. Patil University, Kolhapur 416006, Maharashtra, India.
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36
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Brandelli A, Brum LFW, dos Santos JHZ. Nanobiotechnology Methods to Incorporate Bioactive Compounds in Food Packaging. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-39306-3_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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37
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Selective Plasma Etching of Polymeric Substrates for Advanced Applications. NANOMATERIALS 2016; 6:nano6060108. [PMID: 28335238 PMCID: PMC5302619 DOI: 10.3390/nano6060108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2016] [Revised: 05/28/2016] [Accepted: 05/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
In today’s nanoworld, there is a strong need to manipulate and process materials on an atom-by-atom scale with new tools such as reactive plasma, which in some states enables high selectivity of interaction between plasma species and materials. These interactions first involve preferential interactions with precise bonds in materials and later cause etching. This typically occurs based on material stability, which leads to preferential etching of one material over other. This process is especially interesting for polymeric substrates with increasing complexity and a “zoo” of bonds, which are used in numerous applications. In this comprehensive summary, we encompass the complete selective etching of polymers and polymer matrix micro-/nanocomposites with plasma and unravel the mechanisms behind the scenes, which ultimately leads to the enhancement of surface properties and device performance.
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38
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Cozzolino CA, Castelli G, Trabattoni S, Farris S. Influence of colloidal silica nanoparticles on pullulan-coated BOPP film. Food Packag Shelf Life 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fpsl.2016.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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39
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Chi-Yan Li S, Sun YC, Guan Q, Naguib H. Effects of chitin nanowhiskers on the thermal, barrier, mechanical, and rheological properties of polypropylene nanocomposites. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra11623j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Incorporation of chitin nanowhiskers into polypropylene shows improvements in both water barrier and mechanical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharon Chi-Yan Li
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering
- University of Toronto
- Toronto
- Canada
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering
| | - Yu-Chen Sun
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering
- University of Toronto
- Toronto
- Canada
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering
| | - Qi Guan
- BOCO Technology Inc
- Toronto
- Canada
| | - Hani Naguib
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering
- University of Toronto
- Toronto
- Canada
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering
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40
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Chen GG, Qi XM, Li MP, Guan Y, Bian J, Peng F, Yao CL, Sun RC. Hemicelluloses/montmorillonite hybrid films with improved mechanical and barrier properties. Sci Rep 2015; 5:16405. [PMID: 26549418 PMCID: PMC4637904 DOI: 10.1038/srep16405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2015] [Accepted: 10/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
A facile and environmentally friendly method was introduced to incorporate montmorillonite (MMT) as an inorganic phase into quaternized hemicelluloses (QH) for forming hemicellulose-based films. Two fillers, polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and chitin nanowhiskers (NCH), were added into the hemicelluloses/MMT hybrid matrices to prepare hybrid films, respectively. The hybrid films were nanocomposites with nacre-like structure and multifunctional characteristics including higher strength and good oxygen barrier properties via the electrostatic and hydrogen bonding interactions. The addition of PVA and NCH could induce changes in surface topography, and effectively enhance mechanical strength, thermal stability, transparency, and oxygen barrier properties. The tensile strengths of the composite films FPVA(0.3), FPVA(0.5), and FNCH(0.8) were 53.7, 46.3, and 50.1 MPa, respectively, which were 171%, 134%, and 153% larger than the FQH-MMT film (19.8 MPa). The tensile strength, and oxygen transmission rate of QH-MMT-PVA film were better than those of quaternized hemicelluloses/MMT films. Thus, the proper filler is very important for the strength of the hybrid film. These results provide insights into the understanding of the structural relationships of hemicellulose-based composite films in coating and packaging application for the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ge-Gu Chen
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Chemistry, College of Materials Science and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Xian-Ming Qi
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Chemistry, College of Materials Science and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Ming-Peng Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Chemistry, College of Materials Science and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Ying Guan
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Chemistry, College of Materials Science and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Jing Bian
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Chemistry, College of Materials Science and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Feng Peng
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Chemistry, College of Materials Science and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Chun-Li Yao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Chemistry, College of Materials Science and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Run-Cang Sun
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Chemistry, College of Materials Science and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
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41
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Unalan IU, Wan C, Figiel Ł, Olsson RT, Trabattoni S, Farris S. Exceptional oxygen barrier performance of pullulan nanocomposites with ultra-low loading of graphene oxide. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2015; 26:275703. [PMID: 26080998 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/26/27/275703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Polymer nanocomposites are increasingly important in food packaging sectors. Biopolymer pullulan is promising in manufacturing packaging films or coatings due to its excellent optical clarity, mechanical strength, and high water-solubility as compared to other biopolymers. This work aims to enhance its oxygen barrier properties and overcome its intrinsic brittleness by utilizing two-dimensional planar graphene oxide (GO) nanoplatelets. It has been found that the addition of only 0.2 wt% of GO enhanced the tensile strength, Young's modulus, and elongation at break of pullulan films by about 40, 44 and 52%, respectively. The light transmittance at 550 nm of the pullulan/GO films was 92.3% and haze values were within 3.0% threshold, which meets the general requirement for food packaging materials. In particular, the oxygen permeability coefficient of pullulan was reduced from 6337 to 2614 mL μm m(-2) (24 h(-1)) atm(-1) with as low as 0.05 wt% of GO loading and further to 1357 mL μm m(-2) (24 h(-1)) atm(-1) when GO concentration reached 0.3 wt%. The simultaneous improvement of the mechanical and oxygen barrier properties of pullulan was ascribed to the homogeneous distribution and prevalent unidirectional alignment of GO nanosheets, as determined from the characterization and theoretical modelling results. The exceptional oxygen barrier properties of pullulan/GO nanocomposites with enhanced mechanical flexibility and good optical clarity will add new values to high performance food packaging materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilke Uysal Unalan
- DeFENS, Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences-Packaging Division, University of Milan, via Celoria, I-2-20133 Milan, Italy. International Institute for Nanocomposites Manufacturing, WMG, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
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42
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Uysal Unalan I, Wan C, Trabattoni S, Piergiovanni L, Farris S. Polysaccharide-assisted rapid exfoliation of graphite platelets into high quality water-dispersible graphene sheets. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra16947f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
High quality graphene has been obtained by polysaccharide-assisted ultrasonication in aqueous medium. This approach provides an economical, solvent-free, high-yield, and industrially scalable route for new applications of graphene-based nanocomposites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilke Uysal Unalan
- DeFENS
- Department of Food
- Environmental and Nutritional Sciences—Packaging Division
- University of Milan
- 20133 Milan
| | - Chaoying Wan
- International Institute for Nanocomposites Manufacturing
- WMG
- University of Warwick
- Coventry CV4 7AL
- UK
| | - Silvia Trabattoni
- Department of Materials Science
- University of Milano Bicocca
- 20125 Milan
- Italy
| | - Luciano Piergiovanni
- DeFENS
- Department of Food
- Environmental and Nutritional Sciences—Packaging Division
- University of Milan
- 20133 Milan
| | - Stefano Farris
- DeFENS
- Department of Food
- Environmental and Nutritional Sciences—Packaging Division
- University of Milan
- 20133 Milan
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43
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Cui Y, Kumar S, Rao Kona B, van Houcke D. Gas barrier properties of polymer/clay nanocomposites. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra10333a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 161] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The state-of-the-art progress on the use of clay for the gas barrier properties of polymer nanocomposites have been summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanbin Cui
- Institute Center for Microsystems (iMicro)
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering (MME)
- Masdar Institute of Science and Technology
- Abu Dhabi
- U.A.E
| | - S. Kumar
- Institute Center for Microsystems (iMicro)
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering (MME)
- Masdar Institute of Science and Technology
- Abu Dhabi
- U.A.E
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44
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Dias VM, Kuznetsova A, Tedim J, Yaremchenko AA, Zheludkevich ML, Portugal I, Evtuguin DV. Silica-Based Nanocoating Doped by Layered Double Hydroxides to Enhance the Paperboard Barrier Properties. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.4236/wjnse.2015.54015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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45
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Iman M, Manhar AK, Mandal M, Maji TK. Preparation and characterization of zinc oxide and nanoclay reinforced crosslinked starch/jute green nanocomposites. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra04832f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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46
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Deng S, Huang Y, Xu S, Lin S, Liu H, Hu Y. Mechanical properties of high-performance elastomeric nanocomposites: a sequential mesoscale simulation approach. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra10016f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
A sequential mesoscale simulation method was adopted to formulate elastomeric nanocomposites with desired macroscopic mechanical responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengwei Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering and Department of Chemistry
- East China University of Science and Technology
- Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Yongmin Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering and Department of Chemistry
- East China University of Science and Technology
- Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Shouhong Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering and Department of Chemistry
- East China University of Science and Technology
- Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Shaoliang Lin
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- East China University of Science and Technology
- Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Honglai Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering and Department of Chemistry
- East China University of Science and Technology
- Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Ying Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering and Department of Chemistry
- East China University of Science and Technology
- Shanghai 200237, China
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