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Sun B, Li Q, Zheng M, Su G, Lin S, Wu M, Li C, Wang Q, Tao Y, Dai L, Qin Y, Meng B. Recent advances in the removal of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) using multifunctional materials:a review. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 265:114908. [PMID: 32540566 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.114908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2019] [Revised: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) have gained heightened attentions in recent years owing to their persistent property and hazard influence on wild life and human beings. Removal of POPs using varieties of multifunctional materials have shown a promising prospect compared with conventional treatments. Herein, three main categories, including thermal degradation, electrochemical remediation, as well as photocatalytic degradation with the use of diverse catalytic materials, especially the recently developed prominent ones were comprehensively reviewed. Kinetic analysis and underlying mechanism for various POPs degradation processes were addressed in detail. The review also systematically documented how catalytic performance was dramatically affected by the nature of the material itself, the structure of target pollutants, reaction conditions and treatment techniques. Moreover, the future challenges and prospects of POPs degradation by means of multiple multifunctional materials were outlined accordingly. Knowing this is of immense significance to enhance our understanding of POPs remediation procedures and promote the development of novel multifunctional materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bohua Sun
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Nanotechnology and Health Effects, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco- Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 2871, Beijing, 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Qianqian Li
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Nanotechnology and Health Effects, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco- Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 2871, Beijing, 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Minghui Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Nanotechnology and Health Effects, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco- Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 2871, Beijing, 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Guijin Su
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Nanotechnology and Health Effects, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco- Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 2871, Beijing, 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
| | - Shijing Lin
- College of Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Petrochemical Technology, Beijing, 102617, PR China
| | - Mingge Wu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Nanotechnology and Health Effects, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco- Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 2871, Beijing, 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Chuanqi Li
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Nanotechnology and Health Effects, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco- Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 2871, Beijing, 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Qingliang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Nanotechnology and Health Effects, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco- Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 2871, Beijing, 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yuming Tao
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Nanotechnology and Health Effects, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco- Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 2871, Beijing, 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Lingwen Dai
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Nanotechnology and Health Effects, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco- Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 2871, Beijing, 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yi Qin
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Nanotechnology and Health Effects, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco- Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 2871, Beijing, 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Bowen Meng
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Nanotechnology and Health Effects, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco- Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 2871, Beijing, 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
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2
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Liu X, Chen L, Zhu T, Ning R. Catalytic oxidation of chlorobenzene over noble metals (Pd, Pt, Ru, Rh) and the distributions of polychlorinated by-products. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2019; 363:90-98. [PMID: 30308369 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2018.09.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2018] [Accepted: 09/27/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Catalytic oxidation of chlorobenzene over noble metal catalysts Pd/TiO2, Pt/TiO2, Ru/TiO2, and Rh/TiO2 was evaluated, and Ru/TiO2 contributed the highest catalytic activity and CO2 selectivity. During the oxidation, polychlorinated benzenes PhClx (x ≥ 2) were observed, and Ru/TiO2 showed apparently lower PhClx concentrations than other three samples. With the improvement of temperature, the maximum concentration appeared in the sequence of dichlorobenzene (PhCl2), trichlorobenzene (PhCl3), tetrachlorobenzene (PhCl4), and pentchlorobenzene (PhCl5), whereas the concentration of hexachlorobenzene (PhCl6) was always low and showed no apparent regularity. Besides, the dioxin-like PCBs (dl-PCBs) were collected and analyzed for Pd/TiO2 and Ru/TiO2. The ∑dl-PCBs produced by Pd/TiO2 (0.0055 ng WHO-TEQ/Nm3) was about 1.5 times that of Ru/TiO2 (0.0027 ng WHO-TEQ/Nm3). XPS analyses revealed that Ru/TiO2-used and Rh/TiO2-used gave the lowest and the highest Cl content of 0.61% and 1.87%. Ru/TiO2-used afforded the lowest (Clad+Clor)/Cl value (22.1%) and the highest Clbr/Cl value (77.9%), which might be an important reason for its strongest chlorine removal ability and the lowest yields of polychlorinated by-products, whereas other three catalysts showed similarity in the Cl distributions. Additionally, systematic in-situ FTIR studies were conducted, and a reaction mechanism for the catalytic oxidation of chlorobenzene was proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolong Liu
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Process Pollution Control, National Engineering Laboratory for Hydrometallurgical Cleaner Production Technology, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.
| | - Li Chen
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Process Pollution Control, National Engineering Laboratory for Hydrometallurgical Cleaner Production Technology, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Tingyu Zhu
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Process Pollution Control, National Engineering Laboratory for Hydrometallurgical Cleaner Production Technology, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China; Center for Excellence in Regional Atmospheric Environment, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China.
| | - Ruliang Ning
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Process Pollution Control, National Engineering Laboratory for Hydrometallurgical Cleaner Production Technology, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China; Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550025, China
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Bai N, Wang W, Zhao Y, Feng W, Li P. Theoretical Insights into the Reaction Mechanism between 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzofuran and Hydrogen Peroxide: A DFT Study. ACS OMEGA 2019; 4:358-367. [PMID: 31459335 PMCID: PMC6648065 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.8b00724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2018] [Accepted: 07/19/2018] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
A detailed knowledge of the reactivity of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzofuran (TCDF) at the molecular level is important to better understand the transformation of dioxins analogous to TCDF in the environment. To clarify the reactivity of the organic hydroperoxides toward TCDF, the reaction of the TCDF with hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and its anion has been investigated theoretically. For the reaction of the neutral H2O2, a molecular complex can be formed between TCDF and H2O2 first. Then, the nucleophilic aromatic substitution of TCDF by H2O2 occurs in the presence of the water molecules to form an intermediate containing an O-O bond. Finally, the O-O bond cleavages homolytically for the above intermediate. On the other hand, as for the reaction of the anion of H2O2 (HO2 -), the nucleophilic addition of HO2 - to TCDF can also occur besides the nucleophilic aromatic substitution reaction mentioned above, resulting in the dissociation of the C-O bond of TCDF. Unlike the reaction involving neutral H2O2, no water molecules are required. In addition, the selected substitution effects, such as F-, Br-, and CH3-substituents, on the reactivity of the above reaction have also been explored. Hopefully, the present results can enable us to gain insights into the reactivity of the organic hydroperoxides with TCDF-like environmental pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nana Bai
- Key Laboratory of Life-Organic
Analysis, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, No. 57 Jingxuan West Road, Qufu 273165, P. R. China
| | - Weihua Wang
- Key Laboratory of Life-Organic
Analysis, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, No. 57 Jingxuan West Road, Qufu 273165, P. R. China
| | - Yun Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Life-Organic
Analysis, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, No. 57 Jingxuan West Road, Qufu 273165, P. R. China
| | - Wenling Feng
- Key Laboratory of Life-Organic
Analysis, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, No. 57 Jingxuan West Road, Qufu 273165, P. R. China
| | - Ping Li
- Key Laboratory of Life-Organic
Analysis, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, No. 57 Jingxuan West Road, Qufu 273165, P. R. China
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Wang W, Wang Y, Feng W, Wang W, Li P. Theoretical Investigations on the Reactivity of Hydrogen Peroxide toward 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo- p-dioxin. Molecules 2018; 23:E2826. [PMID: 30384440 PMCID: PMC6278397 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23112826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2018] [Revised: 10/26/2018] [Accepted: 10/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Acquiring full knowledge of the reactivity of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) is crucial for the better understanding of the transformation and degradation of TCDD-like dioxins in the environment. To clarify the reactivity of the organic hydroperoxides toward TCDD, in this study, the reactions between the neutral/anion of the hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) and TCDD have been systematically investigated theoretically. It was found that the neutral H₂O₂ is relatively difficult to react with TCDD compared with its anion, exhibiting the pH dependence of the title reaction. As for the anion of H₂O₂, it reacts with TCDD through two reaction mechanisms, i.e., nucleophilic substitution and nucleophilic addition. For the former, the terminal O atom of HO₂- nucleophilically attacks the C atom of the C-Cl bond in TCDD to form an intermediate containing an O-O bond, accompanying the dissociation of the chlorine atom. For the latter, the terminal O atom of HO₂- can be easily attached to the C atom of the C-O bond in TCDD, resulting in the decomposition of C-O bond and the formation of an intermediate containing an O-O bond. For these formed intermediates in both reaction mechanisms, their O-O bonds can be homolytically cleaved to produce different radicals. In addition, the selected substitution effects including F-, Br-, and CH₃- substituents on the above reactions have also been studied. Hopefully, the present results can provide new insights into the reactivity of the organic hydroperoxides toward TCDD-like environmental pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weihua Wang
- Key Laboratory of Life-Organic Analysis, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, China.
| | - Yuhua Wang
- Key Laboratory of Life-Organic Analysis, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, China.
| | - Wenling Feng
- Key Laboratory of Life-Organic Analysis, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, China.
| | - Wenliang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Life-Organic Analysis, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, China.
| | - Ping Li
- Key Laboratory of Life-Organic Analysis, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, China.
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Wei W, Wang W, Xu K, Feng W, Li X, Li P. Theoretical insights into the reaction mechanisms between 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzofuran and the methylidyne radical. RSC Adv 2018; 8:21150-21163. [PMID: 35539902 PMCID: PMC9080895 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra03046d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2018] [Accepted: 06/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
To explore the potential role of the methylidyne radical (CH) in the transformation of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzofuran (TCDF), in this study, the detailed reaction mechanisms between TCDF and CH radical have been systematically investigated employing the B3LYP method of density functional theory (DFT) in combination with the atoms in molecules (AIM) theory and ab initio molecular dynamics. It was found that the title reaction is a multi-channel reaction, i.e., the CH radical can attack the C-X (X = C, Cl, H, O) bonds of TCDF via the insertion modes, resulting in the formation of 13 products. Thermodynamically, the whole reaction processes are exothermic and spontaneous since all the enthalpy and Gibbs free energy changes are negative values in the formation processes. Moreover, the thermodynamic stability of the products is controlled by the distribution of the single unpaired electron. Kinetically, the most favorable reaction channel is the insertion of the CH radical into the C-C bond except for the C atoms attached to the chlorine atom. Moreover, the dominant products have been further confirmed by the molecular dynamics. Meanwhile, the IR spectra and hyperfine coupling constants of the dominant products have been investigated to provide helpful information for their identification experimentally. In addition, the reactivity of the CH radical toward the F- and Br-substituted TCDFs has also been investigated. Expectedly, the present findings can enable us to better understand the reactivity of the CH radical toward organic pollutants analogous to TCDF in the atmosphere.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjing Wei
- Key Laboratory of Life-Organic Analysis, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University Qufu 273165 P. R. China
| | - Weihua Wang
- Key Laboratory of Life-Organic Analysis, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University Qufu 273165 P. R. China
| | - Kaining Xu
- Key Laboratory of Life-Organic Analysis, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University Qufu 273165 P. R. China
| | - Wenling Feng
- Key Laboratory of Life-Organic Analysis, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University Qufu 273165 P. R. China
| | - Xiaoping Li
- Key Laboratory of Life-Organic Analysis, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University Qufu 273165 P. R. China
| | - Ping Li
- Key Laboratory of Life-Organic Analysis, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University Qufu 273165 P. R. China
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Liu Y, Lu H, Pan W, Li Q, Su G, Zheng M, Gao L, Liu G, Liu W. Degradation of one-side fully-chlorinated 1,2,3,4-tetrachloronaphthalene over Fe–Al composite oxides and its hypothesized reaction mechanism. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra01775h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Generated PeCNs to MoCNs congeners during the degradation of CN-27 over Fe–Al mixed composite oxides suggest the occurrence of successive hydrodechlorination and side chlorination pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yalu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100085
- China
| | - Huijie Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100085
- China
| | - Wenxiao Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100085
- China
| | - Qianqian Li
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100085
- China
| | - Guijin Su
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100085
- China
| | - Minghui Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100085
- China
| | - Lirong Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100085
- China
| | - Guorui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100085
- China
| | - Wenbin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100085
- China
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Li Q, Li L, Su G, Huang X, Zhao Y, Li B, Miao X, Zheng M. Synergetic inhibition of PCDD/F formation from pentachlorophenol by mixtures of urea and calcium oxide. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2016; 317:394-402. [PMID: 27318736 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2016.05.090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2015] [Revised: 05/15/2016] [Accepted: 05/30/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Chlorophenols are structurally similar to PCDD/Fs and have been considered as highly potential precursors for PCDD/Fs formation. The suppressing effects of PCDD/F formation from pentachlorophenol (PCP) were investigated on various mass ratios of CaO and urea. The total concentration of 2,3,7,8-PCDD/Fs, mostly dominated by OCDD, was determined to be 48.58-10186ng/mg in inhibitor-reaction systems, being much lower than that in blank reaction system (75654ng/mg). Interestingly, compared with pure CaO and urea reaction system, the concentration and TEQ of formed 2,3,7,8-PCDD/Fs in mixed urea/CaO reaction system were lower, especially with 5-20% urea reaction systems being respectively at decrease by 96.5-99.4% and 99.2-99.7%. The suppression efficiency of TEQ in 5-20% urea reaction systems could be always approximately 100% under 250-350°C. These results suggested that mixed inhibitors, especially 5-20% urea inhibitors, have a synergetic inhibition effect for PCDD/Fs formation from PCP. Mixed inhibitor generated several intermediates, involving CO2, H2O, NH3, Ca(OH)2, CaCO3, HNCO, biuret and ammelide. The complex between PCP and Ca, N-doped species, lower chlorinated phenols and benzenediol, and organic acids were also determined. Synergetic inhibition mechanism may be attributed to accelerated facilitation of acid-base reaction and N doping. The decomposition of PCP itself also contributes to prevent PCDD/Fs formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianqian Li
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 2871, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Liewu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 2871, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Guijin Su
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 2871, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Xinchen Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 2871, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yanhui Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 2871, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Binke Li
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 2871, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xue Miao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 2871, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Minghui Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 2871, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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Ma X, Luan Y, Liu S, Liu Y, Xia C. Remediation of DDTr contaminated soil by the combination of solvent extraction and catalytic hydrodechlorination. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra01779c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A combination technique for remediation of DDT and its metabolites (DDTr) contaminated soil based on successive steps of solvent extraction, followed by catalytic hydrodechlorination (HDC) was studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuanxuan Ma
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Biology and Biological Resources Utilization
- Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Yantai 264003
- China
| | | | - Sujing Liu
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Biology and Biological Resources Utilization
- Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Yantai 264003
- China
| | - Ying Liu
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Biology and Biological Resources Utilization
- Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Yantai 264003
- China
| | - Chuanhai Xia
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Biology and Biological Resources Utilization
- Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Yantai 264003
- China
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