Accessing 1,8-Naphthyridone-3-carboxylic Acid Derivatives and Application to the Synthesis of Amfonelic Acid

1,8-Naphthyridone-3-carboxyl is the core structure of several on-market antibacterial drugs. It has prompted significant interest from the synthetic community. Here, we report a practical synthesis of diversely functionalized 1,8-naphthyridone-3-carboxylic acid derivatives starting from readily available and inexpensive nicotinic acid derivatives. All key steps have been optimized. Furthermore, the usefulness of this protocol has been exemplified by the first synthesis of amfonelic acid.

New Palladium - ZrO2 Nano-Architectures from Thermal Transformation of UiO-66-NH2 for Carbonylative Suzuki and Hydrogenation Reactions

The new nanocomposites, Pd/C/ZrO₂ , PdO/ZrO_2, and Pd/PdO/ZrO₂ , were prepared by thermal conversion of Pd@UiO-66-Zr-NH₂ (MOF) in nitrogen or air atmosphere. The presence of Pd nanoparticles, uniformly distributed on the ZrO₂ or C/ZrO₂ matrix, was evidenced by transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Raman and X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) methods. All pyrolysed composites retained the shape of the MOF template. They catalyze carbonylative Suzuki coupling under 1 atm CO with an efficiency significantly higher than the original Pd@UiO-66-Zr-NH₂ . The most active PdO/ZrO₂ composite, formed benzophenone with TOF up to 1600 h^-1 , while by using Pd@UiO-66-Zr-NH₂ , much lower TOF values, 51-95 h^-1 , were achieved. After the reaction, PdO/ZrO₂ was recovered with the same composition and catalytic activity. Very good results were also obtained in the transfer hydrogenation of benzophenones to alcohols with Pd/C/ZrO₂ and PdO/ZrO₂ catalysts under microwave irradiation.

Recent progress in application of nanocatalysts for carbonylative Suzuki cross-coupling reactions

In the past few decades, cross-coupling of aryl halides and arylboronic acids in the presence of carbon monoxide (CO), also called carbonylative Suzuki coupling, to form two new carbon-carbon bonds in the production of synthetically and biologically important biaryl ketones, has been widely studied. Consequently, various catalytic systems have been extensively investigated in order to maximize the efficiency of this appealing area of biaryl ketone synthesis. As evidenced in the literature, nanometal-based systems are among the most powerful catalysts for this transformation as their large surface area to volume ratio and reactive morphologies allow faster reaction rates under milder CO pressure even at very low catalyst loadings. This review aims to provide an overview of the recent advances and achievements in the application of nano-sized metal catalysts for carbonylative Suzuki cross-coupling reactions, which may serve as an inspiration to researchers in their future work.

Palladium nanoparticles on a pyridinium supported ionic liquid phase: a recyclable and low-leaching palladium catalyst for aminocarbonylation reactions

SILP catalyst with grafted pyridinium ions was used for either mono- or double carbonylation depending on the reaction conditions. Good recyclability and low palladium loss were observed during the synthesis of pharmaceutically active compounds.

Engineering Metal-Organic Framework Catalysts for C-C and C-X Coupling Reactions: Advances in Reticular Approaches from 2014-2018

Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are a class of crystalline porous materials that have been actively used for several industrial and synthetic applications. MOFs are spatially and geometrically extrapolated coordination polymers with intriguing properties such as tunable porosity and dimensionality. In terms of their catalytic efficiency, MOFs combine the easy recoverability of heterogeneous catalysts with the increased selectivity of biological catalysts. It is therefore not surprising that a lot of work on optimizing MOF catalysts for organic transformations has been carried out over the past decade. In this review, recent developments in MOF catalysis are summarized, with special attention being paid to C-C, C-N, and C-O coupling reactions. The influence of pore size, pore environment, and load on catalytic activity is described. Post-synthetic stabilization techniques and host-guest interactions in caged MOF scaffolds are detailed. Mechanistic aspects pertaining to the use of MOFs in asymmetric heterogeneous catalysis are highlighted and categorized.

A Cu-Doped ZIF-8 metal organic framework as a heterogeneous solid catalyst for aerobic oxidation of benzylic hydrocarbons

Cu(ii) ions doped into ZIF-8 MOFs are shown to activate C–H bonds in benzylic hydrocarbons to their corresponding alcohol/ketone products.

Ligand-free Pd(0)/SiO2-catalyzed aminocarbonylation of aryl iodides to amides under atmospheric CO pressure

An efficient and ligand-free Pd(0)/SiO₂-base catalyzed synthesis of amides was established by using aryl iodides and amines under atmospheric CO pressure.

Mono- and double carbonylation of aryl iodides with amine nucleophiles in the presence of recyclable palladium catalysts immobilised on a supported dicationic ionic liquid phase

Silica modified with organic dicationic moieties proved to be an excellent support for palladium catalysts used in the aminocarbonylation of aryl iodides.

Recent Developments in Amide Synthesis Using Nonactivated Starting Materials

Amides are unquestionably one of the most important functional groups in organic chemistry because of their presence in numerous interesting molecules such as peptides, pharmaceutical agents, naturally occurring molecules, proteins and alkaloids, among others. This synopsis surveys the diverse recent approaches to amide synthesis from nonactivated carboxylic acids and derivatives as well as noncarboxylic compounds, highlighting the most innovative methodologies and those that are more eco-friendly compared to traditional methods while focusing on recent developments during the past two years.

Palladium nanoparticles immobilized onto supported ionic liquid-like phases (SILLPs) for the carbonylative Suzuki coupling reaction

Palladium nanoparticles immobilized onto dication imidazolium–divinylbenzene polymer was an efficient and reusable catalyst for carbonylative Suzuki coupling reaction.

Application of basic isoreticular nanoporous metal–organic framework: IRMOF-3 as a suitable and efficient catalyst for the synthesis of chalcone

IRMOF-3 is found to be an effective, reusable and heterogeneous catalyst for the synthesis of chalcones through Claisen–Schmidt reaction.