A Review on Recent Advances in the Applications of Boron-Doped Diamond Electrochemical Sensors in Food Analysis

The usage of boron-doped diamond (BDD) material has found to be very attractive in modern electroanalytical methods and received massive consideration as perspective electrochemical sensor due to its outstanding (electro)chemical properties. These generally known facilities include large potential window, low background currents, ability to withstand extreme potentials and strong tendency to resist fouling compared to conventional carbon-based electrodes. As evidence of superiority of this material, couple of reviews describing the overview of various applications of BDD electrodes in the field of analytical and material chemistry has been reported in scientific literature during last decade. However, herein proposed review predominantly focuses on the most recent developments (from 2009 to 2020) dealing with the application of BDD as an advanced and environmental-friendly sensor platform in food analysis. The main method characteristics of analysis of various organic food components with different chemical properties, including additives, flavor and aroma components, phenolic compounds, flavonoids and pesticides in food matrices are described in more details. The importance of BDD surface termination, presence of sp² content and boron doping level on electrochemical sensing is discussed. Apart from this, a special attention is paid to the evaluation of main analytical characteristics of the BDD electrochemical sensor in single- and multi-analyte detection mode in food analysis. The recent achievements in the utilizing of BDD electrodes in amperometric detection coupled to flow injection analysis, batch injection analysis, and high-performance liquid chromatography are also commented. Moreover, actual trends in sample preparation techniques prior to electrochemical sensing in food analysis are referred.

Elimination of bacterial contaminations by treatment of water with boron-doped diamond electrodes

Boron-doped diamond electrodes can be used to generate reactive oxygen species directly at the electrode's surface. This property was used in this study for in-situ electrochemical oxidation to eliminate different bacteria, i.e. Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas fluorescens and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, as well as Bacillus subtilis spores from water samples. Application of low voltages in the rage from 4 to 10 V and short incubation times in the range of minutes allowed a complete disinfection of water contaminated with enterobacteria and freshwater microbes including nosocomial pathogens as well as a significant reduction of spores. A pilot reactor was constructed, which allowed to decrease microbial contamination of sewage plant effluent drastically. Boron-doped diamond electrodes allow efficient reduction of bacterial contaminations in water samples.

Electrodeposited spinel NiCo2O4 nanosheet arrays for glucose sensing application

Non-enzymatic glucose sensing properties of NiCo₂O₄ nanosheets show linear response with respect to the change in glucose concentration varying from 5 to 65 μM and exhibit the sensitivity value of 6.69 μA μM⁻¹ cm⁻² with a LOD value of 0.38 μM.

Electrodeposition of ZnCo2O4 nanoparticles for biosensing applications

Electrochemical sensing properties of electrodeposited ZnCo₂O₄ nanoparticles towards glucose and dopamine are investigated.

Regulating the hydrothermal synthesis of ZnO nanorods to optimize the performance of spirally hierarchical structure-based glucose sensors

Synthesizing parameters of ZnO nanorods significantly affect the surface morphologies and further the performance of spirally hierarchical structure-based glucose sensors.