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Wang X, Gao B, Chan BP. Multiphoton microfabrication and micropatterning (MMM) - An all-in-one platform for engineering biomimetic soluble cell niches. Biomaterials 2021; 269:120644. [PMID: 33472153 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2020.120644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Revised: 12/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Engineered biomimetic cell niches represent a valuable in vitro tool for investigating physiological and pathological cellular activities, while developing an all-in-one technology to engineer cell niches, particularly soluble cell niche factors, with retained bioactivities, remains challenging. Here, we report a mask-free, non-contact and biocompatible multiphoton microfabrication and micropatterning (MMM) technology in engineering a spatially and quantitatively controllable bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) soluble niche, by immobilizing optimally biotinylated BMP-2 (bBMP-2) on micro-printed neutravidin (NA) micropatterns. Notably, the micropatterned NA bound-bBMP-2 niche elicited a more sustained and a higher level of the downstream Smad signaling than that by free BMP-2, in C2C12 cells, suggesting the advantages of immobilizing soluble niche factors on engineered micropatterns or scaffold materials. This work reports a universal all-in-one cell niche engineering platform and contributes to reconstituting heterogeneous native soluble cell niches for signal transduction modeling and drug screening studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinna Wang
- Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Bo Gao
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Barbara P Chan
- Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China.
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2
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Liu HY, Kumar R, Takai M, Hirtz M. Enhanced Stability of Lipid Structures by Dip-Pen Nanolithography on Block-Type MPC Copolymer. Molecules 2020; 25:E2768. [PMID: 32549371 PMCID: PMC7356513 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25122768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Revised: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Biomimetic lipid membranes on solid supports have been used in a plethora of applications, including as biosensors, in research on membrane proteins or as interfaces in cell experiments. For many of these applications, structured lipid membranes, e.g., in the form of arrays with features of different functionality, are highly desired. The stability of these features on a given substrate during storage and in incubation steps is key, while at the same time the substrate ideally should also exhibit antifouling properties. Here, we describe the highly beneficial properties of a 2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine (MPC) copolymer for the stability of supported lipid membrane structures generated by dip-pen nanolithography with phospholipids (L-DPN). The MPC copolymer substrates allow for more stable and higher membrane stack structures in comparison to other hydrophilic substrates, like glass or silicon oxide surfaces. The structures remain highly stable under immersion in liquid and subsequent incubation and washing steps. This allows multiplexed functionalization of lipid arrays with antibodies via microchannel cantilever spotting (µCS), without the need of orthogonal binding tags for each antibody type. The combined properties of the MPC copolymer substrate demonstrate a great potential for lipid-based biomedical sensing and diagnostic platforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Yu Liu
- Institute of Nanotechnology (INT) & Karlsruhe Nano Micro Facility (KNMF), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany; (H.-Y.L.); (R.K.)
| | - Ravi Kumar
- Institute of Nanotechnology (INT) & Karlsruhe Nano Micro Facility (KNMF), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany; (H.-Y.L.); (R.K.)
| | - Madoka Takai
- Department of Bioengineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan;
| | - Michael Hirtz
- Institute of Nanotechnology (INT) & Karlsruhe Nano Micro Facility (KNMF), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany; (H.-Y.L.); (R.K.)
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3
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Posa F, Grab AL, Martin V, Hose D, Seckinger A, Mori G, Vukicevic S, Cavalcanti-Adam EA. Copresentation of BMP-6 and RGD Ligands Enhances Cell Adhesion and BMP-Mediated Signaling. Cells 2019; 8:E1646. [PMID: 31847477 PMCID: PMC6953040 DOI: 10.3390/cells8121646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Revised: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 12/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
We report on the covalent immobilization of bone morphogenetic protein 6 (BMP-6) and its co-presentation with integrin ligands on a nanopatterned platform to study cell adhesion and signaling responses which regulate the transdifferentiation of myoblasts into osteogenic cells. To immobilize BMP-6, the heterobifunctional linker MU-NHS is coupled to amine residues of the growth factor; this prevents its internalization while ensuring that its biological activity is maintained. Additionally, to allow cells to adhere to such platform and study signaling events arising from the contact to the surface, we used click-chemistry to immobilize cyclic-RGD carrying an azido group reacting with PEG-alkyne spacers via copper-catalyzed 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition. We show that the copresentation of BMP-6 and RGD favors focal adhesion formation and promotes Smad 1/5/8 phosphorylation. When presented in low amounts, BMP-6 added to culture media of cells adhering to the RGD ligands is less effective than BMP-6 immobilized on the surfaces in inducing Smad complex activation and in inhibiting myotube formation. Our results suggest that a local control of ligand density and cell signaling is crucial for modulating cell response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Posa
- Department of Cellular Biophysics, Max Planck Institute for Medical Research, Jahnstr. 29, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Biophysical Chemistry, Institute of Physical Chemistry, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 253, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, via L. Pinto, 71122 Foggia, Italy
| | - Anna Luise Grab
- Department of Cellular Biophysics, Max Planck Institute for Medical Research, Jahnstr. 29, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Biophysical Chemistry, Institute of Physical Chemistry, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 253, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Genome Biology Unit, EMBL, Meyerhofstraße 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Volker Martin
- Department of Cellular Biophysics, Max Planck Institute for Medical Research, Jahnstr. 29, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Biophysical Chemistry, Institute of Physical Chemistry, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 253, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Dirk Hose
- Laboratory for Myeloma Research and Medical Clinic V, University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Anja Seckinger
- Laboratory for Myeloma Research and Medical Clinic V, University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Giorgio Mori
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, via L. Pinto, 71122 Foggia, Italy
| | - Slobodan Vukicevic
- Laboratory for Mineralized Tissues, Center for Translational and Clinical Research, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Šalata 11, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Elisabetta Ada Cavalcanti-Adam
- Department of Cellular Biophysics, Max Planck Institute for Medical Research, Jahnstr. 29, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Biophysical Chemistry, Institute of Physical Chemistry, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 253, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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4
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Padiolleau L, Chanseau C, Durrieu S, Ayela C, Laroche G, Durrieu M. Directing hMSCs fate through geometrical cues and mimetics peptides. J Biomed Mater Res A 2019; 108:201-211. [DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.36804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2019] [Revised: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Laurence Padiolleau
- Chimie et Biologie des Membranes et Nano‐Objets (UMR5248 CBMN) University Bordeaux Pessac France
- CNRS, CBMN UMR5248 Pessac France
- Bordeaux INP, CBMN UMR5248 Pessac France
- Laboratoire d'Ingénierie de Surface (LIS), Département de Génie des Mines, de la Métallurgie et des Matériaux Centre de Recherche sur les Matériaux Avancés (CERMA), Université Laval Québec Canada
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec (CRCHUQ), Hôpital St‐François d'Assise Québec Canada
| | - Christel Chanseau
- Chimie et Biologie des Membranes et Nano‐Objets (UMR5248 CBMN) University Bordeaux Pessac France
- CNRS, CBMN UMR5248 Pessac France
- Bordeaux INP, CBMN UMR5248 Pessac France
| | - Stéphanie Durrieu
- ARNA Laboratory Université de Bordeaux Bordeaux France
- ARNA Laboratory INSERM, U1212 – CNRS UMR 5320 Bordeaux France
| | - Cédric Ayela
- Université de Bordeaux, IMS, UMR CNRS 5218 Talence France
| | - Gaétan Laroche
- Laboratoire d'Ingénierie de Surface (LIS), Département de Génie des Mines, de la Métallurgie et des Matériaux Centre de Recherche sur les Matériaux Avancés (CERMA), Université Laval Québec Canada
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec (CRCHUQ), Hôpital St‐François d'Assise Québec Canada
| | - Marie‐Christine Durrieu
- Chimie et Biologie des Membranes et Nano‐Objets (UMR5248 CBMN) University Bordeaux Pessac France
- CNRS, CBMN UMR5248 Pessac France
- Bordeaux INP, CBMN UMR5248 Pessac France
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5
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Navikas V, Gavutis M, Rakickas T, Valiokas RN. Scanning Probe-Directed Assembly and Rapid Chemical Writing Using Nanoscopic Flow of Phospholipids. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:28449-28460. [PMID: 31287949 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b07547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Nanofluidic systems offer a huge potential for discovery of new molecular transport and chemical phenomena that can be employed for future technologies. Herein, we report on the transport behavior of surface-reactive compounds in a nanometer-scale flow of phospholipids from a scanning probe. We have investigated microscopic deposit formation on polycrystalline gold by lithographic printing and writing of 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine and eicosanethiol mixtures, with the latter compound being a model case for self-assembled monolayers (SAMs). By analyzing the ink transport rates, we found that the transfer of thiols was fully controlled by the fluid lipid matrix allowing to achieve a certain jetting regime, i.e., transport rates previously not reported in dip-pen nanolithography (DPN) studies on surface-reactive, SAM-forming molecules. Such a transport behavior deviated significantly from the so-called molecular diffusion models, and it was most obvious at the high writing speeds, close to 100 μm s-1. Moreover, the combined data from imaging ellipsometry, scanning electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy (AFM), and spectroscopy revealed a rapid and efficient ink phase separation occurring in the AFM tip-gold contact zone. The force curve analysis indicated formation of a mixed ink meniscus behaving as a self-organizing liquid. Based on our data, it has to be considered as one of the co-acting mechanisms driving the surface reactions and self-assembly under such highly nonequilibrium, crowded environment conditions. The results of the present study significantly extend the capabilities of DPN using standard AFM instrumentation: in the writing regime, the patterning speed was already comparable to that achievable by using electron beam systems. We demonstrate that lipid flow-controlled chemical patterning process is directly applicable for rapid prototyping of solid-state devices having mesoscopic features as well as for biomolecular architectures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vytautas Navikas
- Department of Nanoengineering , Center for Physical Sciences and Technology , Savanorių 231 , Vilnius LT-02300 , Lithuania
| | - Martynas Gavutis
- Department of Nanoengineering , Center for Physical Sciences and Technology , Savanorių 231 , Vilnius LT-02300 , Lithuania
| | - Tomas Rakickas
- Department of Nanoengineering , Center for Physical Sciences and Technology , Savanorių 231 , Vilnius LT-02300 , Lithuania
| | - Ramu Nas Valiokas
- Department of Nanoengineering , Center for Physical Sciences and Technology , Savanorių 231 , Vilnius LT-02300 , Lithuania
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6
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Mohammadi M, Mousavi Shaegh SA, Alibolandi M, Ebrahimzadeh MH, Tamayol A, Jaafari MR, Ramezani M. Micro and nanotechnologies for bone regeneration: Recent advances and emerging designs. J Control Release 2018; 274:35-55. [PMID: 29410062 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2018.01.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2017] [Revised: 01/29/2018] [Accepted: 01/30/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Treatment of critical-size bone defects is a major medical challenge since neither the bone tissue can regenerate nor current regenerative approaches are effective. Emerging progresses in the field of nanotechnology have resulted in the development of new materials, scaffolds and drug delivery strategies to improve or restore the damaged tissues. The current article reviews promising nanomaterials and emerging micro/nano fabrication techniques for targeted delivery of biomolecules for bone tissue regeneration. In addition, recent advances in fabrication of bone graft substitutes with similar properties to normal tissue along with a brief summary of current commercialized bone grafts have been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marzieh Mohammadi
- Nanotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Seyed Ali Mousavi Shaegh
- Orthopedic Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Clinical Research Unit, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mona Alibolandi
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | | | - Ali Tamayol
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588, USA; Biomaterials Innovation Research Center, Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02139, USA
| | - Mahmoud Reza Jaafari
- Nanotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Ramezani
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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7
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Bilem I, Chevallier P, Plawinski L, Sone ED, Durrieu MC, Laroche G. Interplay of Geometric Cues and RGD/BMP-2 Crosstalk in Directing Stem Cell Fate. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2017; 3:2514-2523. [PMID: 33465907 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.7b00279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Within the native microenvironment, extracellular matrix (ECM) components are thought to display a complex and heterogeneous distribution, spanning several length scales. Herein, the objective is to mimic, in vitro, the hierarchical organization of proteins and growth factors as well as their crosstalk. Photolithography technique was used to adjacently pattern geometrically defined regions of RGD and BMP-2 mimetic peptides onto glass substrates. These ECM-derived ligands are known to jointly regulate mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) osteogenic differentiation. By manipulating the spatial distribution of dually grafted peptides, the extent of human MSCs osteogenic differentiation was significantly affected, depending on the shape of peptide micropatterns. Our data highlight the existence of a strong interplay between geometric cues and biochemical signals. Such in vitro systems provide a valuable tool to investigate mechanisms by which multiple ECM cues overlap to regulate stem cell fate, thereby contributing to the design of bioinspired biomaterials for bone tissue engineering applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibrahim Bilem
- Laboratoire d'Ingénierie de Surface, Centre de Recherche sur les Matériaux Avancés, Département de Génie des Mines, de la Métallurgie et des Matériaux, Université Laval, 1065 Avenue de la médecine, Québec G1V 0A6, Canada.,Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec, Hôpital St-François d'Assise, 10 rue de l'Espinay, Québec G1L 3L5, Canada.,CBMN, UMR 5248, Université de Bordeaux, Pessac F-33600, France.,Institute of Chemistry & Biology of Membranes & Nanoobjects (CBMN 5248), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Pessac F-33600, France.,CBMN, UMR 5248, Bordeaux INP, F-33600, Pessac, France
| | - Pascale Chevallier
- Laboratoire d'Ingénierie de Surface, Centre de Recherche sur les Matériaux Avancés, Département de Génie des Mines, de la Métallurgie et des Matériaux, Université Laval, 1065 Avenue de la médecine, Québec G1V 0A6, Canada.,Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec, Hôpital St-François d'Assise, 10 rue de l'Espinay, Québec G1L 3L5, Canada
| | - Laurent Plawinski
- CBMN, UMR 5248, Université de Bordeaux, Pessac F-33600, France.,Institute of Chemistry & Biology of Membranes & Nanoobjects (CBMN 5248), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Pessac F-33600, France.,CBMN, UMR 5248, Bordeaux INP, F-33600, Pessac, France
| | - Eli D Sone
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, and Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G9, Canada
| | - Marie-Christine Durrieu
- CBMN, UMR 5248, Université de Bordeaux, Pessac F-33600, France.,Institute of Chemistry & Biology of Membranes & Nanoobjects (CBMN 5248), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Pessac F-33600, France.,CBMN, UMR 5248, Bordeaux INP, F-33600, Pessac, France
| | - Gaétan Laroche
- Laboratoire d'Ingénierie de Surface, Centre de Recherche sur les Matériaux Avancés, Département de Génie des Mines, de la Métallurgie et des Matériaux, Université Laval, 1065 Avenue de la médecine, Québec G1V 0A6, Canada.,Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec, Hôpital St-François d'Assise, 10 rue de l'Espinay, Québec G1L 3L5, Canada
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8
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Lagunas A, Sasso B, Tesson N, Cantos C, Martínez E, Samitier J. Synthesis of a polymethyl(methacrylate)-polystyrene-based diblock copolymer containing biotin for selective protein nanopatterning. Polym Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c5py01601k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Synthesis of a polymethyl(methacrylate) (PMMA)-polystyrene (PS)-based diblock copolymer capable of segregating into biotin-containing PS nanodomains within an antifouling pegylated PMMA matrix: effective protein nanopatterning through streptavidin molecular recognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Lagunas
- Networking Biomedical Research Center (CIBER) in Bioengineering
- Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN)
- 28029 Madrid
- Spain
- Nanobioengineering group
| | | | | | | | - E. Martínez
- Biomimetic Systems for Cell Engineering group
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC)
- 08028 Barcelona
- Spain
- Networking Biomedical Research Center (CIBER) in Bioengineering
| | - J. Samitier
- Nanobioengineering group
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC)
- 08028 Barcelona
- Spain
- Networking Biomedical Research Center (CIBER) in Bioengineering
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9
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Migliorini E, Valat A, Picart C, Cavalcanti-Adam EA. Tuning cellular responses to BMP-2 with material surfaces. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2015; 27:43-54. [PMID: 26704296 DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2015.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2015] [Accepted: 11/13/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP-2) has been known for decades as a strong osteoinductive factor and for clinical applications is combined solely with collagen as carrier material. The growing concerns regarding side effects and the importance of BMP-2 in several developmental and physiological processes have raised the need to improve the design of materials by controlling BMP-2 presentation. Inspired by the natural cell environment, new material surfaces have been engineered and tailored to provide both physical and chemical cues that regulate BMP-2 activity. Here we describe surfaces designed to present BMP-2 to cells in a spatially and temporally controlled manner. This is achieved by trapping BMP-2 using physicochemical interactions, either covalently grafted or combined with other extracellular matrix components. In the near future, we anticipate that material science and biology will integrate and further develop tools for in vitro studies and potentially bring some of them toward in vivo applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Migliorini
- Department of New Materials and Biosystems, Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems, Heisenbergstr. 3, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany
- Department of Biophysical Chemistry, University of Heidelberg, INF 253, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany, Tel: +49-6221-54 5064
| | - Anne Valat
- CNRS-UMR 5628, LMGP, 3 parvis L.Néel, F-38 016 Grenoble, France
- University Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble Institute of Technology, LMGP, 3 parvis Louis Néel, F-28016 Grenoble, France
- INSERM U823, ERL CNRS5284, Université de Grenoble Alpes, Institut Albert Bonniot, Site Santé, BP170, 38042 Grenoble cedex 9, France, Tel: +33-04-56529311
| | - Catherine Picart
- CNRS-UMR 5628, LMGP, 3 parvis L.Néel, F-38 016 Grenoble, France
- University Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble Institute of Technology, LMGP, 3 parvis Louis Néel, F-28016 Grenoble, France
| | - Elisabetta Ada Cavalcanti-Adam
- Department of New Materials and Biosystems, Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems, Heisenbergstr. 3, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany
- Department of Biophysical Chemistry, University of Heidelberg, INF 253, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany, Tel: +49-6221-54 5064
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10
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Förste A, Pfirrmann M, Sachs J, Gröger R, Walheim S, Brinkmann F, Hirtz M, Fuchs H, Schimmel T. Ultra-large scale AFM of lipid droplet arrays: investigating the ink transfer volume in dip pen nanolithography. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2015; 26:175303. [PMID: 25854547 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/26/17/175303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
There are only few quantitative studies commenting on the writing process in dip-pen nanolithography with lipids. Lipids are important carrier ink molecules for the delivery of bio-functional patters in bio-nanotechnology. In order to better understand and control the writing process, more information on the transfer of lipid material from the tip to the substrate is needed. The dependence of the transferred ink volume on the dwell time of the tip on the substrate was investigated by topography measurements with an atomic force microscope (AFM) that is characterized by an ultra-large scan range of 800 × 800 μm(2). For this purpose arrays of dots of the phospholipid1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine were written onto planar glass substrates and the resulting pattern was imaged by large scan area AFM. Two writing regimes were identified, characterized of either a steady decline or a constant ink volume transfer per dot feature. For the steady state ink transfer, a linear relationship between the dwell time and the dot volume was determined, which is characterized by a flow rate of about 16 femtoliters per second. A dependence of the ink transport from the length of pauses before and in between writing the structures was observed and should be taken into account during pattern design when aiming at best writing homogeneity. The ultra-large scan range of the utilized AFM allowed for a simultaneous study of the entire preparation area of almost 1 mm(2), yielding good statistic results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Förste
- Institute of Nanotechnology (INT), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), D 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany. Institute of Applied Physics and Center for Functional Nanostructures (CFN), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), D 76128 Karlsruhe, Germany
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