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Cartaxo AL, Fernandes-Platzgummer A, Rodrigues CA, Melo AM, Tecklenburg K, Margreiter E, Day RM, da Silva CL, Cabral JM. Developing a Cell-Microcarrier Tissue-Engineered Product for Muscle Repair Using a Bioreactor System. Tissue Eng Part C Methods 2023; 29:583-595. [PMID: 37842845 PMCID: PMC10714258 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tec.2023.0122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Fecal incontinence, although not life-threatening, has a high impact on the economy and patient quality of life. So far, available treatments are based on both surgical and nonsurgical approaches. These can range from changes in diet, to bowel training, or sacral nerve stimulation, but none of which provides a long-term solution. New regenerative medicine-based therapies are emerging, which aim at regenerating the sphincter muscle and restoring continence. Usually, these consist of the administration of a suspension of expanded skeletal-derived muscle cells (SkMDCs) to the damaged site. However, this strategy often results in a reduced cell viability due to the need for cell harvesting from the expansion platform, as well as the non-native use of a cell suspension to deliver the anchorage-dependent cells. In this study, we propose the proof-of-concept for the bioprocessing of a new cell delivery method for the treatment of fecal incontinence, obtained by a scalable two-step process. First, patient-isolated SkMDCs were expanded using planar static culture systems. Second, by using a single-use PBS-MINI Vertical-Wheel® bioreactor, the expanded SkMDCs were combined with biocompatible and biodegradable (i.e., directly implantable) poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) microcarriers prepared by thermally induced phase separation. This process allowed for up to 80% efficiency of SkMDCs to attach to the microcarriers. Importantly, SkMDCs were viable during all the process and maintained their myogenic features (e.g., expression of the CD56 marker) after adhesion and culture on the microcarriers. When SkMDC-containing microcarriers were placed on a culture dish, cells were able to migrate from the microcarriers onto the culture surface and differentiate into multinucleated myotubes, which highlights their potential to regenerate the damaged sphincter muscle after administration into the patient. Overall, this study proposes an innovative method to attach SkMDCs to biodegradable microcarriers, which can provide a new treatment for fecal incontinence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Luísa Cartaxo
- Department of Bioengineering and Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences (iBB), Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory, Institute for Health and Bioeconomy (i4HB), Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Ana Fernandes-Platzgummer
- Department of Bioengineering and Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences (iBB), Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory, Institute for Health and Bioeconomy (i4HB), Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Carlos A.V. Rodrigues
- Department of Bioengineering and Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences (iBB), Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory, Institute for Health and Bioeconomy (i4HB), Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Ana M. Melo
- Department of Bioengineering and Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences (iBB), Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory, Institute for Health and Bioeconomy (i4HB), Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | | | | | - Richard M. Day
- Centre for Precision Healthcare, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Cláudia L. da Silva
- Department of Bioengineering and Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences (iBB), Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory, Institute for Health and Bioeconomy (i4HB), Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Joaquim M.S. Cabral
- Department of Bioengineering and Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences (iBB), Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory, Institute for Health and Bioeconomy (i4HB), Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
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Lin YH, Chou LY, Chou HC, Chen CH, Kang L, Cheng TL, Wang CZ. The Essential Role of Stathmin in Myoblast C2C12 for Vertical Vibration-Induced Myotube Formation. Biomolecules 2021; 11:1583. [PMID: 34827581 DOI: 10.3390/biom11111583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Revised: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Vertical vibration (VV) is a type of whole body vibration, which induces muscle contraction through vibration to improve muscle strength and bone density. However, the mechanism of VV on muscle cell myotube formation is still unclear. In the current study, we aim to clarify the mechanism involved in VV’s stimulation of myotube formation. In order to identify the molecules regulated by VV, we performed proteomics analysis including 2D electrophoresis combined with MALDI-TOF/TOF Mass. Stathmin was identified as a high potential molecule responding to VV stimulation, and we found that under VV stimulation, the expression of stathmin gene and protein increased in a time-dependent manner. In addition, we also confirmed that the increase of stathmin stimulated by VV is mediated through the PI3K/Akt pathway. Furthermore, stathmin siRNA significantly down-regulated the expression of myogenic regulatory factor (MRF) MyoD, decorin, and type I collagen (Col-I), and down-regulated the cellular process regulators such as FGF7, TGFBr1 and PAK3. Taken together, our results confirm that under the stimulation of VV, PI3K/Akt and stathmin would be activated, as well as the up-regulation of MRFs, such as FGF7, TGFBr1 and PAK3 to initiate myogenesis. It also showed that the response of MRF to VV stimulation was significantly related to stathmin expression, which also confirmed the importance of stathmin in the entire myotube formation process. This study may provide evidence of stathmin as a biological indicator of VV to increase muscle strength.
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Bałaban J, Wierzbicki M, Zielińska M, Szczepaniak J, Sosnowska M, Daniluk K, Cysewski D, Koczoń P, Chwalibog A, Sawosz E. Effects of Graphene Oxide Nanofilm and Chicken Embryo Muscle Extract on Muscle Progenitor Cell Differentiation and Contraction. Molecules 2020; 25:E1991. [PMID: 32340398 PMCID: PMC7221809 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25081991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2020] [Revised: 04/18/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Finding an effective muscle regeneration technique is a priority for regenerative medicine. It is known that the key factors determining tissue formation include cells, capable of proliferating and/or differentiating, a niche (surface) allowing their colonization and growth factors. The interaction between these factors, especially between the surface of the artificial niche and growth factors, is not entirely clear. Moreover, it seems that the use of a complex of complementary growth factors instead of a few strictly defined ones could increase the effectiveness of tissue maturation, including muscle tissue. In this study, we evaluated whether graphene oxide (GO) nanofilm, chicken embryo muscle extract (CEME), and GO combined with CEME would affect the differentiation and functional maturation of muscle precursor cells, as well as the ability to spontaneously contract a pseudo-tissue muscle. CEME was extracted on day 18 of embryogenesis. Muscle cells obtained from an 8-day-old chicken embryo limb bud were treated with GO and CEME. Cell morphology and differentiation were observed using different microscopy methods. Cytotoxicity and viability of cells were measured by lactate dehydrogenase and Vybrant Cell Proliferation assays. Gene expression of myogenic regulatory genes was measured by Real-Time PCR. Our results demonstrate that CEME, independent of the culture surface, was the main factor influencing the intense differentiation of muscle progenitor cells. The present results, for the first time, clearly demonstrated that the cultured tissue-like structure was capable of inducing contractions without externally applied impulses. It has been indicated that a small amount of CEME in media (about 1%) allows the culture of pseudo-tissue muscle capable of spontaneous contraction. The study showed that the graphene oxide may be used as a niche for differentiating muscle cells, but the decisive influence on the maturation of muscle tissue, especially muscle contractions, depends on the complexity of the applied growth factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaśmina Bałaban
- Department of Nanobiotechnology and Experimental Ecology, Institute of Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 02-787 Warsaw, Poland; (J.B.); (M.W.); (M.Z.); (J.S.); (M.S.); (K.D.); (E.S.)
| | - Mateusz Wierzbicki
- Department of Nanobiotechnology and Experimental Ecology, Institute of Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 02-787 Warsaw, Poland; (J.B.); (M.W.); (M.Z.); (J.S.); (M.S.); (K.D.); (E.S.)
| | - Marlena Zielińska
- Department of Nanobiotechnology and Experimental Ecology, Institute of Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 02-787 Warsaw, Poland; (J.B.); (M.W.); (M.Z.); (J.S.); (M.S.); (K.D.); (E.S.)
| | - Jarosław Szczepaniak
- Department of Nanobiotechnology and Experimental Ecology, Institute of Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 02-787 Warsaw, Poland; (J.B.); (M.W.); (M.Z.); (J.S.); (M.S.); (K.D.); (E.S.)
| | - Malwina Sosnowska
- Department of Nanobiotechnology and Experimental Ecology, Institute of Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 02-787 Warsaw, Poland; (J.B.); (M.W.); (M.Z.); (J.S.); (M.S.); (K.D.); (E.S.)
| | - Karolina Daniluk
- Department of Nanobiotechnology and Experimental Ecology, Institute of Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 02-787 Warsaw, Poland; (J.B.); (M.W.); (M.Z.); (J.S.); (M.S.); (K.D.); (E.S.)
| | - Dominik Cysewski
- Spectrometry Laboratory, Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Science, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Piotr Koczoń
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Food Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 02-787 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - André Chwalibog
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 1870 Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Ewa Sawosz
- Department of Nanobiotechnology and Experimental Ecology, Institute of Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 02-787 Warsaw, Poland; (J.B.); (M.W.); (M.Z.); (J.S.); (M.S.); (K.D.); (E.S.)
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Posa F, Grab AL, Martin V, Hose D, Seckinger A, Mori G, Vukicevic S, Cavalcanti-Adam EA. Copresentation of BMP-6 and RGD Ligands Enhances Cell Adhesion and BMP-Mediated Signaling. Cells 2019; 8:E1646. [PMID: 31847477 PMCID: PMC6953040 DOI: 10.3390/cells8121646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Revised: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 12/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
We report on the covalent immobilization of bone morphogenetic protein 6 (BMP-6) and its co-presentation with integrin ligands on a nanopatterned platform to study cell adhesion and signaling responses which regulate the transdifferentiation of myoblasts into osteogenic cells. To immobilize BMP-6, the heterobifunctional linker MU-NHS is coupled to amine residues of the growth factor; this prevents its internalization while ensuring that its biological activity is maintained. Additionally, to allow cells to adhere to such platform and study signaling events arising from the contact to the surface, we used click-chemistry to immobilize cyclic-RGD carrying an azido group reacting with PEG-alkyne spacers via copper-catalyzed 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition. We show that the copresentation of BMP-6 and RGD favors focal adhesion formation and promotes Smad 1/5/8 phosphorylation. When presented in low amounts, BMP-6 added to culture media of cells adhering to the RGD ligands is less effective than BMP-6 immobilized on the surfaces in inducing Smad complex activation and in inhibiting myotube formation. Our results suggest that a local control of ligand density and cell signaling is crucial for modulating cell response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Posa
- Department of Cellular Biophysics, Max Planck Institute for Medical Research, Jahnstr. 29, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Biophysical Chemistry, Institute of Physical Chemistry, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 253, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, via L. Pinto, 71122 Foggia, Italy
| | - Anna Luise Grab
- Department of Cellular Biophysics, Max Planck Institute for Medical Research, Jahnstr. 29, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Biophysical Chemistry, Institute of Physical Chemistry, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 253, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Genome Biology Unit, EMBL, Meyerhofstraße 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Volker Martin
- Department of Cellular Biophysics, Max Planck Institute for Medical Research, Jahnstr. 29, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Biophysical Chemistry, Institute of Physical Chemistry, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 253, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Dirk Hose
- Laboratory for Myeloma Research and Medical Clinic V, University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Anja Seckinger
- Laboratory for Myeloma Research and Medical Clinic V, University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Giorgio Mori
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, via L. Pinto, 71122 Foggia, Italy
| | - Slobodan Vukicevic
- Laboratory for Mineralized Tissues, Center for Translational and Clinical Research, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Šalata 11, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Elisabetta Ada Cavalcanti-Adam
- Department of Cellular Biophysics, Max Planck Institute for Medical Research, Jahnstr. 29, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Biophysical Chemistry, Institute of Physical Chemistry, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 253, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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Lee MS, Yang HS. Sphingosine-1-Phosphate Immobilized on Nanotopographical Scaffolds Improve Myogenic Differentiation. Biotechnol J 2017; 12. [PMID: 29144589 DOI: 10.1002/biot.201700309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2017] [Revised: 11/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The skeletal muscle consists of highly aligned dense cables of collagen fibers with nanometer feature size to support muscle fibers. The skeletal myocyte can be greatly affected to differentiate by their surrounding topographical structure. To improve myogenic differentiation, we fabricated cell culture platform that sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) which regulated myocyte behavior is immobilized on a biomimetic nanopatterned polyurethaneacrylate (PUA) substrate using 3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (L-DOPA) for providing topographical and biological cues synergistically. In the present study, we hypothesized that cultured C2C12 cells can be induced to synergistically promote myogenic differenntiation on nanopatterned PUA-L-DOPA-S1P. We confirmed that nanopatterned PUA-L-DOPA-S1P has high hydrophilicity with a suitable range of water contact angle and small intensity of phosphate peak (P2p) by analyses of water contact analyzer and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. In addition, C2C12 cells culured on nanopatterned PUA-L-DOPA-S1P has well-oriented and organized myodubes formed with greater expression of myogenic regulatory factors such as MyoD and MyoG comapred to flat PUA groups. This functional platform which is not only provided topographical and biological cues has a suitable potential function to apply muscle cell niche as similar structure of muscle fiber but also utilized cell behavior within tissue engineered scaffolds and cellular microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Suk Lee
- Department of Nanobiomedical Science & BK21 PLUS NBM Global Research Center for Regenerative Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Seok Yang
- Department of Nanobiomedical Science & BK21 PLUS NBM Global Research Center for Regenerative Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
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Takaya T, Nihashi Y, Kojima S, Ono T, Kagami H. Autonomous xenogenic cell fusion of murine and chick skeletal muscle myoblasts. Anim Sci J 2017; 88:1880-1885. [PMID: 28782148 DOI: 10.1111/asj.12884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2017] [Accepted: 06/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2023]
Abstract
Cell-cell fusion has been a great technology to generate valuable hybrid cells and organisms such as hybridomas. In this study, skeletal muscle myoblasts were utilized to establish a novel method for autonomous xenogenic cell fusion. Myoblasts are mononuclear myogenic precursor cells and fuse mutually to form multinuclear myotubes. We generated murine myoblasts (mMBs) expressing green fluorescent protein (GFP) termed mMB-GFP, and the chick myoblasts (chMBs) expressing Discosoma red fluorescent protein (DsRed) termed chMB-DsRed. mMB-GFP and chMB-DsRed were cocultured and induced to differentiate. After 24 h, the multinuclear myotubes expressing both GFP and DsRed were observed, indicating that mMBs and chMBs interspecifically fuse. These GFP+ /DsRed+ hybrid myotubes were able to survive and grew to hyper-multinucleated mature form. We also found that undifferentiated mMB-GFP efficiently fuse to the chMB-DsRed-derived myotubes. This is the first evidence for the autonomous xenogenic fusion of mammalian and avian cells. Myoblast-based fusogenic technique will open up an alternative direction to create novel hybrid products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomohide Takaya
- Department of Interdisciplinary Genome Sciences and Cell Metabolism, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Shinshu University, Minami-minowa, Nagano, Japan
- Department of Agriculture, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Shinshu University, Minami-minowa, Nagano, Japan
- Department of Agricultural and Life Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Shinshu University, Minami-minowa, Nagano, Japan
| | - Yuma Nihashi
- Department of Agriculture, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Shinshu University, Minami-minowa, Nagano, Japan
| | - Shotaro Kojima
- Department of Agricultural and Life Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Shinshu University, Minami-minowa, Nagano, Japan
| | - Tamao Ono
- Department of Agriculture, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Shinshu University, Minami-minowa, Nagano, Japan
- Department of Agricultural and Life Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Shinshu University, Minami-minowa, Nagano, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kagami
- Department of Agricultural and Life Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Shinshu University, Minami-minowa, Nagano, Japan
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Chang YJ, Chen YJ, Huang CW, Fan SC, Huang BM, Chang WT, Tsai YS, Su FC, Wu CC. Cyclic Stretch Facilitates Myogenesis in C2C12 Myoblasts and Rescues Thiazolidinedione-Inhibited Myotube Formation. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2016; 4:27. [PMID: 27047938 PMCID: PMC4800178 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2016.00027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2015] [Accepted: 03/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Thiazolidinedione (TZD), a specific peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) agonist, was developed to control blood glucose in diabetes patients. However, several side effects were reported that increased the risk of heart failure. We used C2C12 myoblasts to investigate the role of PPARs and their transcriptional activity during myotube formation. The role of mechanical stretch during myogenesis was also explored by applying cyclic stretch to the differentiating C2C12 myoblasts with 10% strain deformation at 1 Hz. The myogenesis medium (MM), composed of Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium with 2% horse serum, facilitated myotube formation with increased myosin heavy chain and α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) protein expression. The PPARγ protein and PPAR response element (PPRE) promoter activity decreased during MM induction. Cyclic stretch further facilitated the myogenesis in MM with increased α-SMA and decreased PPARγ protein expression and inhibited PPRE promoter activity. Adding a PPARγ agonist (TZD) to the MM stopped the myogenesis and restored the PPRE promoter activity, whereas a PPARγ antagonist (GW9662) significantly increased the myotube number and length. During the myogenesis induction, application of cyclic stretch rescued the inhibitory effects of TZD. These results provide novel perspectives for mechanical stretch to interplay and rescue the dysfunction of myogenesis with the involvement of PPARγ and its target drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Ju Chang
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan; Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yun-Ju Chen
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University , Taipei , Taiwan
| | - Chia-Wei Huang
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan; Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan; Department of Occupational Therapy, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Chen Fan
- Department of Occupational Therapy, I-Shou University , Kaohsiung , Taiwan
| | - Bu-Miin Huang
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, National Cheng Kung University , Tainan , Taiwan
| | - Wen-Tsan Chang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Cheng Kung University , Tainan , Taiwan
| | - Yau-Sheng Tsai
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Cheng Kung University , Tainan , Taiwan
| | - Fong-Chin Su
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan; Medical Device Innovation Center, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Ching Wu
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan; Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan; Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan; Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan; Medical Device Innovation Center, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
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Hamoud N, Tran V, Croteau LP, Kania A, Côté JF. G-protein coupled receptor BAI3 promotes myoblast fusion in vertebrates. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2014; 111:3745-50. [PMID: 24567399 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1313886111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Muscle fibers form as a result of myoblast fusion, yet the cell surface receptors regulating this process are unknown in vertebrates. In Drosophila, myoblast fusion involves the activation of the Rac pathway by the guanine nucleotide exchange factor Myoblast City and its scaffolding protein ELMO, downstream of cell-surface cell-adhesion receptors. We previously showed that the mammalian ortholog of Myoblast City, DOCK1, functions in an evolutionarily conserved manner to promote myoblast fusion in mice. In search for regulators of myoblast fusion, we identified the G-protein coupled receptor brain-specific angiogenesis inhibitor (BAI3) as a cell surface protein that interacts with ELMO. In cultured cells, BAI3 or ELMO1/2 loss of function severely impaired myoblast fusion without affecting differentiation and cannot be rescued by reexpression of BAI3 mutants deficient in ELMO binding. The related BAI protein family member, BAI1, is functionally distinct from BAI3, because it cannot rescue the myoblast fusion defects caused by the loss of BAI3 function. Finally, embryonic muscle precursor expression of a BAI3 mutant unable to bind ELMO was sufficient to block myoblast fusion in vivo. Collectively, our findings provide a role for BAI3 in the relay of extracellular fusion signals to their intracellular effectors, identifying it as an essential transmembrane protein for embryonic vertebrate myoblast fusion.
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