1
|
Aragoni MC, Caltagirone C, Lippolis V, Podda E, Slawin AMZ, Woollins JD, Pintus A, Arca M. Diradical Character of Neutral Heteroleptic Bis(1,2-dithiolene) Metal Complexes: Case Study of [Pd(Me 2timdt)(mnt)] (Me 2timdt = 1,3-Dimethyl-2,4,5-trithioxoimidazolidine; mnt 2- = 1,2-Dicyano-1,2-ethylenedithiolate). Inorg Chem 2020; 59:17385-17401. [PMID: 33185438 PMCID: PMC7735710 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.0c02696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
![]()
The reaction of the bis(1,2-dithiolene)
complex [Pd(Me2timdt)2] (1; Me2timdt•– = monoreduced 1,3-dimethyl-2,4,5-trithioxoimidazolidine)
with Br2 yielded the complex [Pd(Me2timdt)Br2] (2), which was reacted with Na2mnt
(mnt2– = 1,2-dicyano-1,2-ethylenedithiolate) to
give the
neutral mixed-ligand complex [Pd(Me2timdt)(mnt)] (3). Complex 3 shows an intense solvatochromic
near-infrared (NIR) absorption band falling between 955 nm in DMF
and 1060 nm in CHCl3 (ε = 10700 M–1 cm–1 in CHCl3). DFT calculations were
used to elucidate the electronic structure of complex 3 and to compare it with those of the corresponding homoleptic complexes 1 and [Pd(mnt)2] (4). An in-depth
comparison of calculated and experimental structural and vis–NIR
spectroscopic properties, supported by IEF-PCM TD-DFT and NBO calculations,
clearly points to a description of 3 as a dithione-dithiolato
complex. For the first time, a broken-symmetry (BS) procedure for
the evaluation of the singlet diradical character (DC) of heteroleptic
bis(1,2-dithiolene) complexes has been developed and applied to complex 3. The DC, predominant for 1 (nDC = 55.4%), provides a remarkable contribution
to the electronic structures of the ground states of both 3 and 4, showing a diradicaloid nature (nDC = 24.9% and 27.5%, respectively). The computational
approach developed here clearly shows that a rational design of the
DC of bis(1,2-ditiolene) metal complexes, and hence their linear and
nonlinear optical properties, can be achieved by a proper choice of
the 1,2-dithiolene ligands based on their electronic structure. The reaction of [Pd(Me2timdt)2] (1; Me2timdt•− = monoreduced
1,3-dimethyl-2,4,5-trithioxoimidazolidine) with Br2 yielded
[Pd(Me2timdt)Br2] (2), which was
reacted with Na2mnt (mnt2− = 1,2-dicyano-1,2-ethylenedithiolate)
to give [Pd(Me2timdt)(mnt)] (3), showing an
intense solvatochromic near-infrared (NIR) absorption band. The singlet
diradical character (DC), predominant for 1, provides
a remarkable contribution to the ground states of 3 and 4. A rational design of the DC of bis(1,2-dithiolene) complexes
can be achieved by a proper choice of the 1,2-dithiolene ligands.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Carla Aragoni
- Università degli Studi di Cagliari, Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Geologiche, 09042 Monserrato (Cagliari), Italy
| | - Claudia Caltagirone
- Università degli Studi di Cagliari, Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Geologiche, 09042 Monserrato (Cagliari), Italy
| | - Vito Lippolis
- Università degli Studi di Cagliari, Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Geologiche, 09042 Monserrato (Cagliari), Italy
| | - Enrico Podda
- Università degli Studi di Cagliari, Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Geologiche, 09042 Monserrato (Cagliari), Italy
| | - Alexandra M Z Slawin
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of St. Andrews, North Haughs, St. Andrews, Fife KY16 9ST, U.K
| | - J Derek Woollins
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of St. Andrews, North Haughs, St. Andrews, Fife KY16 9ST, U.K.,Department of Chemistry, Khalifa University, P.O. Box 127788, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Anna Pintus
- Università degli Studi di Cagliari, Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Geologiche, 09042 Monserrato (Cagliari), Italy
| | - Massimiliano Arca
- Università degli Studi di Cagliari, Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Geologiche, 09042 Monserrato (Cagliari), Italy
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Liu JB, Zhang QJ, Liu JZ, Zhang WT, Li Y, Li HH, Chen ZR, Zheng DL. Multifunctional Quaternary Phosphorus/Bromoargentate Hybrids: The Achievement of Greenish Blue Luminescence, Repeatable Photocurrent Responses and Durable Antimicrobial Activities with Enhanced Water Stability. Int J Nanomedicine 2020; 15:6225-6237. [PMID: 32884271 PMCID: PMC7443404 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s259156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The realization of multifunction in one bulk material is fascinating for developing a new generation of devices. Quaternary phosphorus salts were seldom utilized as templates in haloargentate systems, and the hybridization of alkyl(triphenyl)phosphonium with halometallate will be a good strategy for the development of multifunctional material, especially for biological material. Methods Under the template of (triphenyl)phosphonium-based quaternary phosphorus salts with different spacer lengths (n=2, 3, 4), three bromoargentate hybrids were constructed via the solution method, ie, (1,2-DBTPP)(Ag2Br4) (1), {(1,3-DBTPP)2(Ag7Br11)]∙CH3CN∙H2O} n (2), and {[(1,4-DBTPP)(Ag5Br7)](CH3CN)2∙H2O} n (3) (1,2-DBTPP2+=ethane-1,2-diylbis (triphenyl)phosphonium, 1,3-DBTPP2+=propane-1,3-diylbis (triphenyl)phosphonium, 1,4-DBTPP2+=butane-1,4-diylbis (triphenyl)phosphonium)). Results The (Ag7Br11) n 4n- chain in 2 is a new type of 1-D bromoargentate chain constructed from cubane-like Ag4Br4 nodes, AgBr4 tetrahedrons and AgBr3 triangles. Interestingly, by elongating spacer n from 2 to 4, argentophilicity interactions are weakened, and the hydrogen bonds are strengthened. Consequently, their water stabilities and photocurrents are improved, in which the Ag-4d/Br-4p to π* anti-bonding orbital of the quaternary phosphorus transfer is facilitated. Furthermore, the greenish blue emissions can be detected. Finally, high inhabitation rates against Streptococcus mutans and Candida albicans can be observed in 2 and 3. Conclusion In all experiments, by elongating the spacer lengths of quaternary phosphorus salts, multifunctions were integrated in the quaternary phosphorus/bromoargentate hybrids, including greenish blue luminescence, repeatable photocurrent responses and durable antimicrobial activities with enhanced water stability. This work could provide a theoretical guide for the design of new biologically multifunctional materials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Bo Liu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian 350001, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiao-Jun Zhang
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Fujian Biological Materials Engineering and Technology Center of Stomatology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350004, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian-Zhi Liu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian 350001, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen-Ting Zhang
- College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350116, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Li
- College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350116, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao-Hong Li
- College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350116, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi-Rong Chen
- College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350116, People's Republic of China
| | - Da-Li Zheng
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Fujian Biological Materials Engineering and Technology Center of Stomatology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350004, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Zhou Y, Yu F, Su J, Kurmoo M, Zuo J. Tuning Electrical‐ and Photo‐Conductivity by Cation Exchange within a Redox‐Active Tetrathiafulvalene‐Based Metal–Organic Framework. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202008941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 P. R. China
| | - Fei Yu
- Institute of Advanced Materials and Flexible Electronics (IAMFE) School of Chemistry and Materials Science Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology Nanjing 210044 P. R. China
| | - Jian Su
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 P. R. China
| | - Mohamedally Kurmoo
- Institut de Chimie de Strasbourg, CNRS-UMR 7177 Université de Strasbourg 4 rue Blaise Pascal 67008 Strasbourg France
| | - Jing‐Lin Zuo
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Zhou Y, Yu F, Su J, Kurmoo M, Zuo J. Tuning Electrical‐ and Photo‐Conductivity by Cation Exchange within a Redox‐Active Tetrathiafulvalene‐Based Metal–Organic Framework. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:18763-18767. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202008941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2020] [Revised: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 P. R. China
| | - Fei Yu
- Institute of Advanced Materials and Flexible Electronics (IAMFE) School of Chemistry and Materials Science Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology Nanjing 210044 P. R. China
| | - Jian Su
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 P. R. China
| | - Mohamedally Kurmoo
- Institut de Chimie de Strasbourg, CNRS-UMR 7177 Université de Strasbourg 4 rue Blaise Pascal 67008 Strasbourg France
| | - Jing‐Lin Zuo
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Pintus A, Ambrosio L, Aragoni MC, Binda M, Coles SJ, Hursthouse MB, Isaia F, Lippolis V, Meloni G, Natali D, Orton JB, Podda E, Sampietro M, Arca M. Photoconducting Devices with Response in the Visible-Near-Infrared Region Based on Neutral Ni Complexes of Aryl-1,2-dithiolene Ligands. Inorg Chem 2020; 59:6410-6421. [PMID: 32302124 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.0c00491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Metal bis(1,2-dithiolene) complexes belonging to the class [Ni(Ar-edt)2]x- [Ar-edt2- = arylethylene-1,2-dithiolate; Ar = phenyl, (1x-), 2-naphthyl (2x-); x = 0 and 1] were fully characterized by NMR, UV-visible-near-infrared (UV-vis-NIR), diffuse reflectance, and FT-IR spectroscopy, as well as cyclic voltammetry and single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. These complexes have emerged as new photoconducting materials that allowed for the development of a prototype of photodetectors with response in the vis-NIR region. The photodetecting devices showed in some cases quantum efficiencies orders of magnitude higher than those of previously reported 1,2-dithiolene systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Pintus
- Università degli Studi di Cagliari, Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Geologiche, S.S. 554 bivio per Sestu, 09042 Monserrato (Cagliari), Italy
| | - Lucia Ambrosio
- Università degli Studi di Cagliari, Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Geologiche, S.S. 554 bivio per Sestu, 09042 Monserrato (Cagliari), Italy
| | - M Carla Aragoni
- Università degli Studi di Cagliari, Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Geologiche, S.S. 554 bivio per Sestu, 09042 Monserrato (Cagliari), Italy
| | - Maddalena Binda
- Center for Nano Science and Technology @Polimi, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Pascoli 70/3, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Simon J Coles
- UK National Crystallography Service, School of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Southampton, SO17 1BJ Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Michael B Hursthouse
- UK National Crystallography Service, School of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Southampton, SO17 1BJ Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Francesco Isaia
- Università degli Studi di Cagliari, Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Geologiche, S.S. 554 bivio per Sestu, 09042 Monserrato (Cagliari), Italy
| | - Vito Lippolis
- Università degli Studi di Cagliari, Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Geologiche, S.S. 554 bivio per Sestu, 09042 Monserrato (Cagliari), Italy
| | - Giammarco Meloni
- Università degli Studi di Cagliari, Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Geologiche, S.S. 554 bivio per Sestu, 09042 Monserrato (Cagliari), Italy
| | - Dario Natali
- Center for Nano Science and Technology @Polimi, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Pascoli 70/3, 20133 Milano, Italy.,Politecnico di Milano, Dipartimento di Elettronica, Informazione e Bioingegneria, Via Ponzio 34/5, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - James B Orton
- UK National Crystallography Service, School of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Southampton, SO17 1BJ Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Enrico Podda
- Università degli Studi di Cagliari, Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Geologiche, S.S. 554 bivio per Sestu, 09042 Monserrato (Cagliari), Italy
| | - Marco Sampietro
- Center for Nano Science and Technology @Polimi, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Pascoli 70/3, 20133 Milano, Italy.,Politecnico di Milano, Dipartimento di Elettronica, Informazione e Bioingegneria, Via Ponzio 34/5, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Arca
- Università degli Studi di Cagliari, Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Geologiche, S.S. 554 bivio per Sestu, 09042 Monserrato (Cagliari), Italy
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Brahim S, Brahim H, Humbel S, Rahmouni A. Computational studies of Ni(II) photosensitizers complexes containing 1,1′-bis(diphenylphosphino)ferrocene and dithio ligands. CAN J CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1139/cjc-2019-0168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Detailed theoretical studies of Ni(II) complexes in a distorted square planar form and containing dithio and (P, P) chelating ligands were performed. These Ni(II) complexes are investigated for their use in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSC). Structures and UV–vis spectra are calculated at density functional theory (DFT) and time-dependent density functional theory (TD-DFT) theories using B3LYP and CAM-B3LYP functionals and 6-31G(d,p) and 6-31G+(d) basis sets. Geometry optimizations result in excellent agreement with the experimental results. Moreover, the analysis of the frontier molecular orbitals (FMOs) allowed a detailed assignment and a clear analysis of the electronic transitions. The TD-DFT calculations reproduce the main spectroscopic properties observed and substituent effects. The results reveal that all absorption spectra are characterized by mixed character mainly dominated by metal to ligand and ligand to ligand charge transfers (MLCT and LLCT). We unveil how the substituent variations affect the DSSCs features of the complexes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sefia Brahim
- Modeling and Calculation Methods Laboratory, University of Saida, Saida 20002, Algeria
| | - Houari Brahim
- Department of Chemistry, University of Saida, Saida 20000, Algeria
| | - Stéphane Humbel
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, iSm2, Marseille, France
| | - Ali Rahmouni
- Modeling and Calculation Methods Laboratory, University of Saida, Saida 20002, Algeria
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Yadav R, Singh S, Trivedi M, Kociok-Köhn G, Rath NP, Köhn RD, Muddassir M, Kumar A. New main-group ferrocenyldithiocarbamates and conversion to ferrocene oxazolidine-2-thione and -2-one. NEW J CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/c9nj06139h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Three new main-group ferrocenyl dithiocarbamates and a pure cyclised product, 3-ferrocenylmethyl-oxazolidine-2-thione, were isolated using copper powder.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Reena Yadav
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Lucknow
- Lucknow 226 007
- India
| | - Suryabhan Singh
- Department of Chemistry
- Guru GhasidasVishwadiyalaya
- Bilaspur
- India
| | - Manoj Trivedi
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Delhi
- Delhi 110 007
- India
| | - Gabriele Kociok-Köhn
- Material and Chemical Characterisation Facility (MC2)
- University of Bath
- Bath BA2 7AY
- UK
| | - Nigam P. Rath
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry and Centre for Nanoscience
- University of Missouri-St. Louis
- One University Boulevard
- St. Louis
- USA
| | | | - Mohd. Muddassir
- Department of Chemistry
- College of Sciences
- King Saud University
- Riyadh 11451
- Saudi Arabia
| | - Abhinav Kumar
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Lucknow
- Lucknow 226 007
- India
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Zhao LM, Shen XQ, Tan LT, Zhang WT, Song KY, Jiang R, Li HH, Chen ZR. Encapsulation of stilbazolium-type dyes into layered metal–organic frameworks: solvent-dependent luminescence chromisms and their mechanisms. Inorg Chem Front 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c8qi01332b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Dye@Cd-LMOCs composites exhibit interesting solvent-dependent chromismic fluorescence, in which a two step solvent exchange process and a new electron transfer route are proposed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Li-Ming Zhao
- College of Chemistry
- Fuzhou University
- Fuzhou
- China
| | | | - Li-Ting Tan
- College of Chemistry
- Fuzhou University
- Fuzhou
- China
| | | | - Kai-Yue Song
- College of Chemistry
- Fuzhou University
- Fuzhou
- China
| | - Rong Jiang
- College of Chemistry
- Fuzhou University
- Fuzhou
- China
| | - Hao-Hong Li
- College of Chemistry
- Fuzhou University
- Fuzhou
- China
| | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Zhang WT, Liu JZ, Liu JB, Song KY, Li Y, Chen ZR, Li HH, Jiang R. Quaternary Phosphorus-Induced Iodocuprate(I)-Based Hybrids: Water Stabilities, Tunable Luminescence and Photocurrent Responses. Eur J Inorg Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201800813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Ting Zhang
- College of Chemistry; Fuzhou University; 350116 Fuzhou Fujian China
| | - Jian-Zhi Liu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology; Fujian Medical University Union Hospital; 350001 Fuzhou Fujian China
| | - Jing-Bo Liu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology; Fujian Medical University Union Hospital; 350001 Fuzhou Fujian China
| | - Kai-Yue Song
- College of Chemistry; Fuzhou University; 350116 Fuzhou Fujian China
| | - Yi Li
- College of Chemistry; Fuzhou University; 350116 Fuzhou Fujian China
| | - Zhi-Rong Chen
- College of Chemistry; Fuzhou University; 350116 Fuzhou Fujian China
| | - Hao-Hong Li
- College of Chemistry; Fuzhou University; 350116 Fuzhou Fujian China
| | - Rong Jiang
- College of Chemistry; Fuzhou University; 350116 Fuzhou Fujian China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Wang DH, Zhao LM, Lin XY, Wang YK, Zhang WT, Song KY, Li HH, Chen ZR. Iodoargentate/iodobismuthate-based materials hybridized with lanthanide-containing metalloviologens: thermochromic behaviors and photocurrent responses. Inorg Chem Front 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c7qi00755h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
New hybrids combined metalloviologens with Ag/Cu iodides exhibit reversible thermochromisms, photocurrent responses, whose mechanisms are disclosed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dao-Hua Wang
- College of chemistry
- Fuzhou University
- Fuzhou
- China
| | - Li-Ming Zhao
- College of chemistry
- Fuzhou University
- Fuzhou
- China
| | - Xiao-Yan Lin
- College of chemistry
- Fuzhou University
- Fuzhou
- China
| | - Yu-Kang Wang
- College of chemistry
- Fuzhou University
- Fuzhou
- China
| | | | - Kai-Yue Song
- College of chemistry
- Fuzhou University
- Fuzhou
- China
| | - Hao-Hong Li
- College of chemistry
- Fuzhou University
- Fuzhou
- China
| | | |
Collapse
|