1
|
Valbuena-Rus AM, Savastano M, Arranz-Mascarós P, Bazzicalupi C, Clares MP, Godino-Salido ML, Gutiérrez-Valero MD, Inclán M, Bianchi A, García-España E, López-Garzón R. Noncovalent Assembly and Catalytic Activity of Hybrid Materials Based on Pd Complexes Adsorbed on Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes, Graphene, and Graphene Nanoplatelets. Inorg Chem 2022; 61:12610-12624. [PMID: 35926979 PMCID: PMC9387097 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c01559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Green catalysts with excellent performance in Cu-free
Sonogashira
coupling reactions can be prepared by the supramolecular decoration
of graphene surfaces with Pd(II) complexes. Here we report the synthesis,
characterization, and catalytic properties of new catalysts obtained
by the surface decoration of multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs),
graphene (G), and graphene nanoplatelets (GNPTs) with Pd(II) complexes
of tetraaza-macrocyclic ligands bearing one or two anchor functionalities.
The decoration of these carbon surfaces takes place under environmentally
friendly conditions (water, room temperature, aerobic) in two steps:
(i) π–π stacking attachment of the ligand via electron-poor
anchor group 6-amino-3,4-dihydro-3-methyl-5-nitroso-4-oxo-pyrimidine
and (ii) Pd(II) coordination from PdCl42–. Ligands are more efficiently adsorbed on the flat surfaces of G
and GNPTs than on the curved surfaces of MWCNTs. All catalysts work
very efficiently under mild conditions (50 °C, aerobic, 7 h),
giving a similar high yield (90% or greater) in the coupling of iodobenzene
with phenylacetylene to form diphenylacetylene in one catalytic cycle,
but catalysts based on G and GNPTs (especially on GNPTs) provide greater
catalytic efficiency in reuse (four cycles). The study also revealed
that the active centers of the ligand-Pd type decorating the support
surfaces are much more efficient than the Pd(0) and PdCl42– centers sharing the same surfaces. All of the
results allow a better understanding of the structural factors to
be controlled in order to obtain an optimal efficiency from similar
catalysts based on graphene supports. Green catalysts
with high efficiency in the Cu-free Sonogashira
C−C coupling reactions can be prepared by the supramolecular
functionalization of carbon materials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alba M Valbuena-Rus
- Department of Inorganic and Organic Chemistry, University of Jaén, 23071 Jaen, Spain
| | - Matteo Savastano
- Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff", University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 3-13, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy.,National Interuniversity Consortium of Materials Science and Technology (INSTM), Via G. Giusti 9, 50121 Florence, Italy
| | | | - Carla Bazzicalupi
- Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff", University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 3-13, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - María P Clares
- ICMol, Department of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Valencia, C/Catedrático José Beltrán 2, 46980 Paterna, Spain
| | - María L Godino-Salido
- Department of Inorganic and Organic Chemistry, University of Jaén, 23071 Jaen, Spain
| | | | - Mario Inclán
- ICMol, Department of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Valencia, C/Catedrático José Beltrán 2, 46980 Paterna, Spain
| | - Antonio Bianchi
- Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff", University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 3-13, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Enrique García-España
- ICMol, Department of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Valencia, C/Catedrático José Beltrán 2, 46980 Paterna, Spain
| | - Rafael López-Garzón
- Department of Inorganic and Organic Chemistry, University of Jaén, 23071 Jaen, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Supramolecular cis-“Bis(Chelation)” of [M(CN)6]3− (M = CrIII, FeIII, CoIII) by Phloroglucinol (H3PG). Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27134111. [PMID: 35807353 PMCID: PMC9268030 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27134111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Studies on molecular co-crystal type materials are important in the design and preparation of easy-to-absorb drugs, non-centrosymmetric, and chiral crystals for optical performance, liquid crystals, or plastic phases. From a fundamental point of view, such studies also provide useful information on various supramolecular synthons and molecular ordering, including metric parameters, molecular matching, energetical hierarchy, and combinatorial potential, appealing to the rational design of functional materials through structure–properties–application schemes. Co-crystal salts involving anionic d-metallate coordination complexes are moderately explored (compared to the generality of co-crystals), and in this context, we present a new series of isomorphous co-crystalline salts (PPh4)3[M(CN)6](H3PG)2·2MeCN (M = Cr, 1; Fe, 2; Co 3; H3PG = phloroglucinol, 1,3,5-trihydroxobenzene). In this study, 1–3 were characterized experimentally using SC XRD, Hirshfeld analysis, ESI-MS spectrometry, vibrational IR and Raman, 57Fe Mössbauer, electronic absorption UV-Vis-NIR, and photoluminescence spectroscopies, and theoretically with density functional theory calculations. The two-dimensional square grid-like hydrogen-bond {[M(CN)6]3−;(H3PG)2}∞ network features original {[M(CN)6]3−;(H3PG)4} supramolecular cis-bis(chelate) motifs involving: (i) two double cyclic hydrogen bond synthons M(-CN⋅⋅⋅HO-)2Ar, {[M(CN)6]3−;H2PGH}, between cis-oriented cyanido ligands of [M(CN)6]3− and resorcinol-like face of H3PG, and (ii) two single hydrogen bonds M-CN⋅⋅⋅HO-Ar, {[M(CN)6]3−;HPGH2}, involving the remaining two cyanide ligands. The occurrence of the above tectonic motif is discussed with regard to the relevant data existing in the CCDC database, including the multisite H-bond binding of [M(CN)6]3− by organic species, mononuclear coordination complexes, and polynuclear complexes. The physicochemical and computational characterization discloses notable spectral modifications under the regime of an extended hydrogen bond network.
Collapse
|
3
|
Kuzniak-Glanowska E, Kobylarczyk J, Jedrzejowska K, Glosz D, Podgajny R. Exploring the structure-property schemes in anion-π systems of d-block metalates. Dalton Trans 2021; 50:10999-11015. [PMID: 34296241 DOI: 10.1039/d1dt01713f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Anion-π based compounds, materials, and processes have gained significant interest due to the diversity of their aesthetic non-covalent synthons, and thanks to their significance in biological systems, catalytic processes, anion binding and sensing, or the supramolecular organization of hierarchical architectures. While systems based on typical inorganic anions or organic residues have been widely reviewed in recent years, those involving anionic d metal comlexes as the main components have been treated with a rather secondary interest. However, actively exploring the new systems of the latter type we have recognized systematic advances in the field. As a result, in the current review we describe the landscape that has recently emerged. Focusing on the established groups of π-acidic species, i.e. polycarbonitirles, polyazines, polyazine N-oxides, diimide derivatives, fluoroarenes, and nitroarenes, we explore and discuss anion-π crystal engineering together with the structure-property schemes important from the standpoint of charge transfer (CT) and electron transfer (ET), magnetism, luminescence, reactivity and catalysis, and the construction of core-shell crystalline composites.
Collapse
|
4
|
Savastano M, Passaponti M, Giurlani W, Lari L, Calisi N, Delgado-Pinar E, Serrano ES, Garcia-España E, Innocenti M, Lazarov VK, Bianchi A. Linear, tripodal, macrocyclic: Ligand geometry and ORR activity of supported Pd(II) complexes. Inorganica Chim Acta 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2021.120250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
|
5
|
Kuzniak-Glanowska E, Glosz D, Niedzielski G, Kobylarczyk J, Srebro-Hooper M, Hooper JGM, Podgajny R. Binding of anionic Pt(ii) complexes in a dedicated organic matrix: towards new binary crystalline composites. Dalton Trans 2021; 50:170-185. [DOI: 10.1039/d0dt03535a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Square-planar [PtL4]2− (L = CN−, Cl−, Br−) anions are bound by π-acidic HAT(CN)6 in solution and in the solid state to provide the basis for the first epitaxially grown anion–π crystalline composites.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Dorota Glosz
- Faculty of Chemistry
- Jagiellonian University
- 30-387 Krakow
- Poland
| | | | | | | | | | - Robert Podgajny
- Faculty of Chemistry
- Jagiellonian University
- 30-387 Krakow
- Poland
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Chen S, Chen Y, Xu Y, Chen W, Chen S, Hu L, Boulon G. Complexation-association-extraction spectrophotometric determination of Pt cations based on a multi-reagent analytical system with I - anions and 2-[2-[4-[(2-cyanoethyl)methylamino]phenyl]vinyl]-1,3,3-trimethyl-3H-indolium cations. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2020; 12:5367-5379. [PMID: 33107867 DOI: 10.1039/d0ay01647k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
A new multi-reagent analytical system with 2-[2-[4-[(2-cyanoethyl)methylamino]phenyl]vinyl]-1,3,3-trimethyl-3H-indolium chloride (CPVTI), which is a styryl hemicyanine cationic dye with good photostability and a high molar absorption coefficient, as its core is first established and utilized successfully to determine the content of Pt ions via a spectrophotometric method. The process involves two treatment steps: adding CPVTI and I solutions to the Pt solution to be detected, and then using butyl acetate for vortex liquid-liquid extraction. A Pt cation can be incorporated into the CPVTI cation with the help of an I- anion, initially converting the Pt cation into a [PtI6]2- complex anion. After forming a [PtI62-·2CPVTI+](aq) ion associate in the aqueous phase, the Pt cation can be extracted selectively by butyl acetate with maximum extraction efficiency, and exists as [PtI62-·2CPVTI+](org) in the extract phase. Via the formation of the iodo-complex of Pt and its ion associate with CPVTI, and the extraction with butyl acetate, Pt is selectively partitioned into the butyl acetate extractant in a step-by-step manner with good interference resistance. In the CPVTI-Pt-I analytical system, the charge state of CPVTI is retained by adjustment with H2SO4; the monovalent CPVTI+ presents a strong spectrophotometric absorbance signal at 530 nm with long-term stability, which allows determination of the Pt content. The system shows a high molar absorption coefficient of 6.52 × 104 L mol-1 cm-1 at 530 nm, a lower limit of detection of 0.07 mg L-1, and a good Sandell's sensitivity of 0.0030 μg cm-2. Mechanistic analysis of the establishment of the system, concentration optimization, standard working curve, system sensitivity and stability, resistance against interference from diverse metal ions, and practical applications are investigated and discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Si Chen
- Key Laboratory of Materials for High Power Laser, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes Supported Pd(II) Complexes: A Supramolecular Approach towards Single-Ion Oxygen Reduction Reaction Catalysts. ENERGIES 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/en13215539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Lowering the platinum group metal content of oxygen reduction reaction catalysts is among the most prevalent research focuses in the field. This target is herein approached through supported Pd(II) complexes. Starting from a commercial macrocycle, a new ligand is synthesized, its solution behavior and binding properties briefly explored (potentiometry, UV-Vis) and then used to prepare a new catalyst. A supramolecular approach is used in order to obtain homogeneous decoration of carbon nanotubes surfaces, fostering novel possibilities to access single-ion active sites. The novel catalyst is characterized through X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and scanning transmission electron microscopy and its promising oxygen reduction reaction performance is evaluated via rotating ring-disk electrode and rotating disk electrode in half-cell studies.
Collapse
|
8
|
Savastano M, Zoppi C, Bianchi A, Bazzicalupi C. Synthesis and coordination properties of a new ligand designed for surface functionalization of carbon substrates. Inorganica Chim Acta 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2020.119793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
|
9
|
Arranz-Mascarós P, Godino-Salido ML, López-Garzón R, García-Gallarín C, Chamorro-Mena I, López-Garzón FJ, Fernández-García E, Gutiérrez-Valero MD. Non-covalent Functionalization of Graphene to Tune Its Band Gap and Stabilize Metal Nanoparticles on Its Surface. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:18849-18861. [PMID: 32775887 PMCID: PMC7408210 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c02006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Controlling graphene conductivity is crucial for its potential applications. With this focus, this paper shows the effect of the non-covalent bonding of a pyrimidine derivative (HIS) on the electronic properties of graphene (G). Several G-HIS hybrids are prepared through mild treatments keeping unaltered the structures of both G and HIS. The attachment of HIS to G occurs by π-π stacking of the HIS-aromatic residue with the G surface. This partially blocks the p z electrons of G, giving rise to the splitting of both the valence and conduction bands. Moreover, the width of the splitting is directly related to the HIS content. This fact allows the fine-tuning of the band gap of G-HIS hybrids. Furthermore, HIS keeps its metal-complexing ability in the G-HIS hybrids. Taking advantage of this, a G-HIS-Cu(0) composite was prepared by H2 plasma reduction of a precursor of the G-HIS-Cu(II) type. G-HIS-Cu(0) contains Cu(0) clusters stabilized on the G surface due to interactions with the COO- functions of HIS. In an analogous hybrid, G-HIS-Au(0), the Au(0) NPs are also stabilized by COO- functions. This material, consisting of the coupling of Au(0) NPs and G-HIS, photocatalyzed water reduction under visible light radiation producing 12.5 μmol·g-1·h-1of hydrogen.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paloma Arranz-Mascarós
- Department
of Inorganic and Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Experimental Sciences, Jaén University, 23071 Jaén, Spain
| | - Maria Luz Godino-Salido
- Department
of Inorganic and Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Experimental Sciences, Jaén University, 23071 Jaén, Spain
| | - Rafael López-Garzón
- Department
of Inorganic and Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Experimental Sciences, Jaén University, 23071 Jaén, Spain
| | - Celeste García-Gallarín
- Department
of Inorganic and Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Experimental Sciences, Jaén University, 23071 Jaén, Spain
| | - Ignacio Chamorro-Mena
- Department
of Inorganic and Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Experimental Sciences, Jaén University, 23071 Jaén, Spain
| | - F. Javier López-Garzón
- Department
of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Granada University, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Esperanza Fernández-García
- Department
of Inorganic and Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Experimental Sciences, Jaén University, 23071 Jaén, Spain
| | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Savastano M, García-Gallarín C, López de la Torre MD, Bazzicalupi C, Bianchi A, Melguizo M. Anion-π and lone pair-π interactions with s-tetrazine-based ligands. Coord Chem Rev 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2019.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
|
11
|
Savastano M, Arranz-Mascarós P, Clares MP, Cuesta R, Godino-Salido ML, Guijarro L, Gutiérrez-Valero MD, Inclán M, Bianchi A, García-España E, López-Garzón R. A New Heterogeneous Catalyst Obtained via Supramolecular Decoration of Graphene with a Pd 2+ Azamacrocyclic Complex. Molecules 2019; 24:E2714. [PMID: 31357384 PMCID: PMC6696290 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24152714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Revised: 07/23/2019] [Accepted: 07/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A new G-(H2L)-Pd heterogeneous catalyst has been prepared via a self-assembly process consisting in the spontaneous adsorption, in water at room temperature, of a macrocyclic H2L ligand on graphene (G) (G + H2L = G-(H2L)), followed by decoration of the macrocycle with Pd2+ ions (G-(H2L) + Pd2+ = G-(H2L)-Pd) under the same mild conditions. This supramolecular approach is a sustainable (green) procedure that preserves the special characteristics of graphene and furnishes an efficient catalyst for the Cu-free Sonogashira cross coupling reaction between iodobenzene and phenylacetylene. Indeed, G-(H2L)-Pd shows an excellent conversion (90%) of reactants into diphenylacetylene under mild conditions (50 °C, water, aerobic atmosphere, 14 h). The catalyst proved to be reusable for at least four cycles, although decreasing yields down to 50% were observed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Savastano
- Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff", University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia, 3-13, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | | | - Maria Paz Clares
- Institute of Molecular Sciences, University of Valencia, Calle José Beltrán Martínez, 2, 46980 Paterna (Valencia), Spain
| | - Rafael Cuesta
- Department of Inorganic and Organic Chemistry, University of Jaén, 23071 Jaén, Spain
| | | | - Lluis Guijarro
- Institute of Molecular Sciences, University of Valencia, Calle José Beltrán Martínez, 2, 46980 Paterna (Valencia), Spain
| | | | - Mario Inclán
- Institute of Molecular Sciences, University of Valencia, Calle José Beltrán Martínez, 2, 46980 Paterna (Valencia), Spain
| | - Antonio Bianchi
- Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff", University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia, 3-13, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy.
| | - Enrique García-España
- Institute of Molecular Sciences, University of Valencia, Calle José Beltrán Martínez, 2, 46980 Paterna (Valencia), Spain.
| | - Rafael López-Garzón
- Department of Inorganic and Organic Chemistry, University of Jaén, 23071 Jaén, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Savastano M, García-Gallarín C, Giorgi C, Gratteri P, López de la Torre MD, Bazzicalupi C, Bianchi A, Melguizo M. Solid State and Solution Study on the Formation of Inorganic Anion Complexes with a Series of Tetrazine-Based Ligands. Molecules 2019; 24:E2247. [PMID: 31208109 PMCID: PMC6631435 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24122247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Revised: 06/13/2019] [Accepted: 06/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Four molecules (L1-L4) constituted by an s-tetrazine ring appended with two identical aliphatic chains of increasing length bearing terminal morpholine groups were studied as anion receptors in water. The basicity properties of these molecules were also investigated. Speciation of the anion complexes formed in solution and determination of their stability constants were performed by means of potentiometric (pH-metric) titrations, while further information was obtained by NMR and isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) measurements. The crystal structures of two neutral ligands (L3, L4) and of their H2L3(ClO4)2∙2H2O, H2L4(ClO4)2∙2H2O, H2L3(PF6)2, and H2L3(PF6)2∙2H2O anion complexes were determined by single crystal X-ray diffraction. The formation of anion-π interactions is the leitmotiv of these complexes, both in solution and in the solid state, although hydrogen bonding and/or formation of salt-bridges can contribute to their stability. Evidence of the ability of these ligands to form anion-π interactions is given by the observation that even the neutral (not-protonated) molecules bind anions in water to form complexes of significant stability, including elusive OH- anions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Savastano
- Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff", University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia, 3-13, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy.
| | | | - Claudia Giorgi
- Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff", University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia, 3-13, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy.
| | - Paola Gratteri
- Department of NEUROFARBA-Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Section, and Laboratory of Molecular Modeling Cheminformatics & QSAR, University of Florence, Via Ugo Schiff 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy.
| | | | - Carla Bazzicalupi
- Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff", University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia, 3-13, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy.
| | - Antonio Bianchi
- Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff", University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia, 3-13, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy.
| | - Manuel Melguizo
- Department of Inorganic and Organic Chemistry, University of Jaén, 23071 Jaén, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Passaponti M, Savastano M, Clares MP, Inclán M, Lavacchi A, Bianchi A, García-España E, Innocenti M. MWCNTs-Supported Pd(II) Complexes with High Catalytic Efficiency in Oxygen Reduction Reaction in Alkaline Media. Inorg Chem 2018; 57:14484-14488. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.8b02695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Maurizio Passaponti
- Department of Chemistry “Ugo Schiff”, University of Florence, via della Lastruccia 3, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Matteo Savastano
- Department of Chemistry “Ugo Schiff”, University of Florence, via della Lastruccia 3, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
- CSGI, University of Florence, via della Lastruccia 3, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - M. Paz Clares
- Supramolecular Chemistry Group, Institute of Molecular Sciences, University of Valencia, 46980 Paterna, Spain
| | - Mario Inclán
- Supramolecular Chemistry Group, Institute of Molecular Sciences, University of Valencia, 46980 Paterna, Spain
| | | | - Antonio Bianchi
- Department of Chemistry “Ugo Schiff”, University of Florence, via della Lastruccia 3, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Enrique García-España
- Supramolecular Chemistry Group, Institute of Molecular Sciences, University of Valencia, 46980 Paterna, Spain
| | - Massimo Innocenti
- Department of Chemistry “Ugo Schiff”, University of Florence, via della Lastruccia 3, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Savastano M, Bazzicalupi C, García-Gallarín C, Giorgi C, López de la Torre MD, Pichierri F, Bianchi A, Melguizo M. Halide and hydroxide anion binding in water. Dalton Trans 2018; 47:3329-3338. [PMID: 29423483 DOI: 10.1039/c7dt04430e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The formation of halide and hydroxide anion complexes with two ligands L1 (3,6-bis(morpholin-4-ylmethyl)-1,2,4,5-tetrazine) and L2 (3,6-bis(morpholin-4-ylethyl)-1,2,4,5-tetrazine) was studied in aqueous solution, by means of potentiometric and ITC procedures. In the solid state, HF2-, Cl- and Br- complexes of H2L22+ were analysed by single crystal XRD measurements. Further information on the latter was obtained with the use of density functional theory (DFT) calculations in combination with the polarizable continuum model (PCM). The presence of two halide or bifluoride HF2- (F-H-F-) anions forming anion-π interactions, respectively above and below the ligand tetrazine ring, is the leitmotiv of the [(H2L2)X2] (X = HF2, Cl, Br, I) complexes in the solid state, while hydrogen bonding between the anions and protonated morpholine ligand groups contributes to strengthen the anion-ligand interaction, in particular in the case of Cl- and Br-. In contrast to the solid state, only the anion : ligand complexes of 1 : 1 stoichiometry were found in solution. The stability of these complexes displays the peculiar trend I- > F- > Br- > Cl- which was rationalized in terms of electrostatic, hydrogen bond, anion-π interactions and solvent effects. DFT calculations performed on [(H2L2)X]+ (X = F, Cl, Br, I) in PCM water suggested that the ligand assumes a U-shaped conformation to form one anion-π and two salt bridge interactions with the included anions and furnished structural information to interpret the solvation effects affecting complex formation. The formation of hydroxide anion complexes with neutral (not protonated) L1 and L2 molecules represents an unprecedented case in water. The stability of the [L(OH)]- (L = L1, L2) complexes is comparable to or higher than the stability of halide complexes with protonated ligand molecules, their formation being promoted by largely favourable enthalpic contributions that prevail over unfavourable entropic changes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Savastano
- Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff", University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 3, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Network Formation via Anion Coordination: Crystal Structures Based on the Interplay of Non-Covalent Interactions. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23030572. [PMID: 29510481 PMCID: PMC6017772 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23030572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2018] [Revised: 02/24/2018] [Accepted: 02/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
We describe the synthesis and the structural characterization of new H2L(CF3CO2)2 (1) and H2L(Ph2PO4)2 (2) compounds containing the diprotonated form (H2L2+) of the tetrazine-based molecule 3,6-di(pyridin-4-yl)-1,2,4,5-tetrazine. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis of single crystals of these compounds showed that H2L2+ displays similar binding properties toward both anions when salt bridge interactions are taken into account. Nevertheless, the different shapes, sizes and functionalities of trifluoroacetate and diphenyl phosphate anions define quite different organization patterns leading to the peculiar crystal lattices of 1 and 2. These three-dimensional (3D) architectures are self-assembled by a variety of non-covalent forces, among which prominent roles are played by fluorine–π (in 1) and anion–π (in 2) interactions.
Collapse
|
16
|
Savastano M, Bazzicalupi C, García C, Gellini C, López de la Torre MD, Mariani P, Pichierri F, Bianchi A, Melguizo M. Iodide and triiodide anion complexes involving anion-π interactions with a tetrazine-based receptor. Dalton Trans 2018; 46:4518-4529. [PMID: 28262880 DOI: 10.1039/c7dt00134g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Protonated forms of the tetrazine ligand L2 (3,6-bis(morpholin-4-ylethyl)-1,2,4,5-tetrazine) interact with iodide in aqueous solution forming relatively stable complexes (ΔG° = -11.6(4) kJ mol-1 for HL2+ + I- = (HL2)I and ΔG° = -13.4(2) kJ mol-1 for H2L22+ + I- = [(H2L2)I]+). When solutions of [(H2L2)I]+ are left in contact with air, crystals of the oxidation product (H2L2)2(I3)3I·4H2O are formed. Unfortunately, the low solubility of I3- complexes prevents the determination of their stability constants. The crystal structures of H2L2I2·H2O (1), H2L2(I3)2·2H2O (2) and (H2L2)2(I3)3I·4H2O (3) were determined by means of X-ray diffraction analyses. In all crystal structures, it was found that the interaction between I- and I3- with H2L22+ is dominated by anion interactions with the π electron density of the receptor. Only in the case of 1, the iodide anions involved in close anion-π interactions with the ligand tetrazine ring form an additional H-bond with the protonated morpholine nitrogen of an adjacent ligand molecule. Conversely, in crystals of 2 and 3 there are alternate segregated planes which contain only protonated ligands hydrogen-bonded to cocrystallized water molecules or I3- and I- forming infinite two-dimensional networks established through short interhalogen contacts, making these crystalline products good candidates to behave as solid conductors. In the solid complexes, the triiodide anion displays both end-on and side-on interaction modes with the tetrazine ring, in agreement with density functional theory calculations indicating a preference for the alignment of the I3- molecular axis with the molecular axis of the ligand. Further information about geometries and structures of triiodide anions in 2 and 3 was acquired by the analysis of their Raman spectra.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Savastano
- Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff", University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 3, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy.
| | - Carla Bazzicalupi
- Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff", University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 3, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy.
| | - Celeste García
- Department of Inorganic and Organic Chemistry, University of Jaén 23071, Jaén, Spain.
| | - Cristina Gellini
- Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff", University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 3, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy.
| | | | - Palma Mariani
- Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff", University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 3, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy.
| | - Fabio Pichierri
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8579, Japan.
| | - Antonio Bianchi
- Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff", University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 3, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy.
| | - Manuel Melguizo
- Department of Inorganic and Organic Chemistry, University of Jaén 23071, Jaén, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Savastano M, García C, López de la Torre MD, Pichierri F, Bazzicalupi C, Bianchi A, Melguizo M. Interplay between salt bridge, hydrogen bond and anion-π interactions in thiocyanate binding. Inorganica Chim Acta 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2017.04.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
|
18
|
Konieczny P, Pełka R, Czernia D, Podgajny R. Rotating Magnetocaloric Effect in an Anisotropic Two-Dimensional CuII[WV(CN)8]3– Molecular Magnet with Topological Phase Transition: Experiment and Theory. Inorg Chem 2017; 56:11971-11980. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.7b01930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Konieczny
- Institute of Nuclear Physics PAN, Radzikowskiego
152, 31-342 Kraków, Poland
| | - Robert Pełka
- Institute of Nuclear Physics PAN, Radzikowskiego
152, 31-342 Kraków, Poland
| | - Dominik Czernia
- Faculty of Physics and Applied Computer
Science, AGH University of Science and Technology, al. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Kraków, Poland
| | - Robert Podgajny
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa
2, 30-387 Kraków, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Savastano M, Arranz-Mascarós P, Bazzicalupi C, Clares MP, Godino-Salido ML, Gutiérrez-Valero MD, Inclán M, Bianchi A, García-España E, López-Garzón R. Construction of green nanostructured heterogeneous catalysts via non-covalent surface decoration of multi-walled carbon nanotubes with Pd(II) complexes of azamacrocycles. J Catal 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcat.2017.07.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
|
20
|
Savastano M, Arranz-Mascarós P, Bazzicalupi C, Clares MP, Godino-Salido ML, Guijarro L, Gutiérrez-Valero MD, Bianchi A, García-España E, López-Garzón R. Polyfunctional Tetraaza-Macrocyclic Ligands: Zn(II), Cu(II) Binding and Formation of Hybrid Materials with Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes. ACS OMEGA 2017; 2:3868-3877. [PMID: 31457693 PMCID: PMC6641023 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.7b00736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2017] [Accepted: 07/07/2017] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
The binding properties of HL1, HL2, and HL3 ligands toward Cu(II) and Zn(II) ions, constituted by tetraaza-macrocyclic rings decorated with pyrimidine pendants, were investigated by means of potentiometric and UV spectrophotometric measurements in aqueous solution, with the objective of using the related HL-M(II) (HL = HL1-HL3; M = Cu, Zn) complexes for the preparation of hybrid MWCNT-HL-M(II) materials based on multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs), through an environmentally friendly noncovalent procedure. As shown by the crystal structure of [Cu(HL1)](ClO4)2, metal coordination takes place in the macrocyclic ring, whereas the pyrimidine residue remains available for attachment onto the surface of the MWCNTs via π-π stacking interactions. On the basis of equilibrium data showing the formation of highly stable Cu(II) complexes, the MWCNT-HL1-Cu(II) material was prepared and characterized. This compound proved very stable toward lixiviation processes (release of HL1 and/or Cu(II)); thus, it was used for the preparation of its reduced MWCNT-HL1-Cu(0) derivatives. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy images showed that MWCNT-HL1-Cu(0) contains Cu(0) nanoparticles, of very small (less than 5 nm) and regular size, uniformly distributed over the surface of the MWCNTs. Also, the MWCNT-HL1-Cu(0) material proved very resistant to detachment of its components. Accordingly, both MWCNT-HL1-Cu(II) and MWCNT-HL1-Cu(0) are promising candidates for applications in heterogeneous catalysis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Savastano
- Department
of Chemistry “Ugo Schiff”, University of Florence, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | | | - Carla Bazzicalupi
- Department
of Chemistry “Ugo Schiff”, University of Florence, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Maria Paz Clares
- Institute
of Molecular Science, University of Valencia, 46071 Valencia, Spain
| | | | - Lluis Guijarro
- Institute
of Molecular Science, University of Valencia, 46071 Valencia, Spain
| | | | - Antonio Bianchi
- Department
of Chemistry “Ugo Schiff”, University of Florence, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
- E-mail: (A.B.)
| | - Enrique García-España
- Institute
of Molecular Science, University of Valencia, 46071 Valencia, Spain
- E-mail: (E.G.E.)
| | - Rafael López-Garzón
- Department
of Inorganic and Organic Chemistry, University
of Jaén, 23071 Jaén, Spain
- E-mail: (R.L.G.)
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Kobylarczyk J, Pinkowicz D, Srebro-Hooper M, Hooper J, Podgajny R. Anion–π recognition between [M(CN)6]3− complexes and HAT(CN)6: structural matching and electronic charge density modification. Dalton Trans 2017; 46:3482-3491. [DOI: 10.1039/c7dt00293a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The first example of an anion–π charge transfer (CT) system between an anionic complex and a multisite anion receptor in the solid state and in solution was constructed based on prediction of structural and electronic matching of the building blocks.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Dawid Pinkowicz
- Faculty of Chemistry
- Jagiellonian University in Kraków
- 30-060 Kraków
- Poland
| | | | - James Hooper
- Faculty of Chemistry
- Jagiellonian University in Kraków
- 30-060 Kraków
- Poland
| | - Robert Podgajny
- Faculty of Chemistry
- Jagiellonian University in Kraków
- 30-060 Kraków
- Poland
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Savastano M, Bazzicalupi C, Giorgi C, García-Gallarín C, López de la Torre MD, Pichierri F, Bianchi A, Melguizo M. Anion Complexes with Tetrazine-Based Ligands: Formation of Strong Anion-π Interactions in Solution and in the Solid State. Inorg Chem 2016; 55:8013-24. [PMID: 27454810 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.6b01138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Ligands L1 and L2, consisting of a tetrazine ring decorated with two morpholine pendants of different lengths, show peculiar anion-binding behaviors. In several cases, even the neutral ligands, in addition to their protonated HL(+) and H2L(2+) (L = L1 and L2) forms, bind anions such as F(-), NO3(-), PF6(-), ClO4(-), and SO4(2-) to form stable complexes in water. The crystal structures of H2L1(PF6)2·2H2O, H2L1(ClO4)2·2H2O, H2L2(NO3)2, H2L2(PF6)2·H2O, and H2L2(ClO4)2·H2O show that anion-π interactions are pivotal for the formation of these complexes, although other weak forces may contribute to their stability. Complex stability constants were determined by means of potentiometric titration in aqueous solution at 298.1 K, while dissection of the free-energy change of association (ΔG°) into its enthalpic (ΔH°) and entropic (TΔS°) components was accomplished by means of isothermal titration calorimetry measurements. Stability constants are poorly regulated by anion-ligand charge-charge attraction. Thermodynamic data show that the formation of complexes with neutral ligands, which are principally stabilized by anion-π interactions, is enthalpically favorable (-ΔG°, 11.1-17.5 kJ/mol; ΔH°, -2.3 to -0.5 kJ/mol; TΔS°, 9.0-17.0 kJ/mol), while for charged ligands, enthalpy changes are mostly unfavorable. Complexation reactions are invariably promoted by large and favorable entropic contributions. The importance of desolvation phenomena manifested by such thermodynamic data was confirmed by the hydrodynamic results obtained by means of diffusion NMR spectroscopy. In the case of L2, complexation equilibria were also studied in a 80:20 (v/v) water/ethanol mixture. In this mixed solvent of lower dielectric constant than water, the stability of anion complexes decreases, relative to water. Solvation effects, mostly involving the ligand, are thought to be responsible for this peculiar behavior.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Savastano
- Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff", University of Florence , Via della Lastruccia 3, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Carla Bazzicalupi
- Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff", University of Florence , Via della Lastruccia 3, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Claudia Giorgi
- Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff", University of Florence , Via della Lastruccia 3, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | | | | | - Fabio Pichierri
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University , 980-8579 Sendai, Japan
| | - Antonio Bianchi
- Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff", University of Florence , Via della Lastruccia 3, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Manuel Melguizo
- Department of Inorganic and Organic Chemistry, University of Jaén , 23071 Jaén, Spain
| |
Collapse
|