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Liu Q, Zhou SJ, Xiong SJ, Yu S, Yuan TQ. Fractionated lignin as a green compatibilizer to improve the compatibility of poly (butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) /polylactic acid composites. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 265:130834. [PMID: 38484815 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.130834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024]
Abstract
Blending poly (butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) (PBAT) and polylactic acid (PLA) is a cost-effective strategy to obtain biodegradable plastic with complementary properties. However, the incompatibility between PBAT and PLA is a great challenge for fabricating high-performance composite films. Herein, the ethyl acetate fractionated lignin with the small glass transition temperature and low molecular weight was achieved and incorporated into the PBAT/PLA composite as a compatibilizer. The fractionated lignin can be uniformly dispersed within the PBAT/PLA matrix through a melt blending process and interact with the molecular chain of PBAT and PLA as a bonding bridge, which enhances the intermolecular interactions and reduces the interfacial tension of PBAT/PLA. By adding fractionated lignin, the tensile strength of the PBAT/PLA composite increased by 35.4 % and the yield strength increased by 37.7 %. Owing to lignin, the composite films possessed the ultraviolet shielding function and exhibited better water vapor barrier properties (1.73 ± 0.08 × 10-13 g·cm/cm2·s·Pa). This work conclusively demonstrated that fractionated lignin can be used as a green compatibilizer and a low-cost functional filler for PBAT/PLA materials, and provides guidance for the application of lignin in biodegradable plastics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Chemistry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China; State Key Laboratory of Efficient Production of Forest Resources, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Si-Jie Zhou
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Chemistry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China; State Key Laboratory of Efficient Production of Forest Resources, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Shao-Jun Xiong
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Chemistry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China; State Key Laboratory of Efficient Production of Forest Resources, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Shixin Yu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Chemistry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China; State Key Laboratory of Efficient Production of Forest Resources, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Tong-Qi Yuan
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Chemistry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China; State Key Laboratory of Efficient Production of Forest Resources, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China.
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2
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Shamsuri AA, Abdan K, Md. Jamil SNA. Utilization of ionic liquids as compatibilizing agents for polymer blends – preparations and properties. POLYM-PLAST TECH MAT 2023. [DOI: 10.1080/25740881.2023.2180390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Adlie Shamsuri
- Laboratory of Biocomposite Technology, Institute of Tropical Forestry and Forest Products, Universiti Putra Malaysia UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Khalina Abdan
- Laboratory of Biocomposite Technology, Institute of Tropical Forestry and Forest Products, Universiti Putra Malaysia UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Siti Nurul Ain Md. Jamil
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
- Centre of Foundation Studies for Agricultural Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
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3
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Livi S, Baudoux J, Gérard JF, Duchet-Rumeau J. Ionic Liquids: A Versatile Platform for the Design of a Multifunctional Epoxy Networks 2.0 Generation. Prog Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2022.101581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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4
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Morinval A, Averous L. Systems Based on Biobased Thermoplastics: From Bioresources to Biodegradable Packaging Applications. POLYM REV 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/15583724.2021.2012802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexis Morinval
- BioTeam/ICPEES-ECPM, UMR CNRS 7515, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, Cedex 2, France
| | - Luc Averous
- BioTeam/ICPEES-ECPM, UMR CNRS 7515, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, Cedex 2, France
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Shamsuri AA, Abdan K, Kaneko T. A Concise Review on the Physicochemical Properties of Biopolymer Blends Prepared in Ionic Liquids. Molecules 2021; 26:E216. [PMID: 33406627 PMCID: PMC7796285 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26010216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Revised: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
An enhancement of environmental concern lately has improved the awareness of researchers in employing eco-friendly solvents for processing biopolymers. Recently, ionic liquids have been utilized to prepare biopolymer blends as they are non-volatile and recyclable. Biopolymers such as cellulose, chitin, chitosan, keratin, lignin, silk, starch, and zein are widely used for the preparation of biopolymer blends via dissolution in ionic liquids, followed by coagulation procedure. In this concise review, three types of ionic liquids based on imidazolium cations combined with different counter anions that are frequently utilized to prepare biopolymer blends are described. Moreover, three types of biopolymer blends that are prepared in ionic liquids were classified, specifically polysaccharide/polysaccharide blends, polysaccharide/polypeptide blends, and polysaccharide/bioplastic blends. The physicochemical properties of biopolymer blends prepared in different imidazolium-based ionic liquids are also concisely reviewed. This paper may assist the researchers in the polymer blend area and generate fresh ideas for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Adlie Shamsuri
- Laboratory of Biocomposite Technology, Institute of Tropical Forestry and Forest Products, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Khalina Abdan
- Laboratory of Biocomposite Technology, Institute of Tropical Forestry and Forest Products, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Tatsuo Kaneko
- Energy and Environment Area, Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, 1-1 Asahidai, Nomi District 923-1292, Ishikawa, Japan;
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6
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Kargarzadeh H, Galeski A, Pawlak A. PBAT green composites: Effects of kraft lignin particles on the morphological, thermal, crystalline, macro and micromechanical properties. POLYMER 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2020.122748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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7
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Khazalpour S, Yarie M, Kianpour E, Amani A, Asadabadi S, Seyf JY, Rezaeivala M, Azizian S, Zolfigol MA. Applications of phosphonium-based ionic liquids in chemical processes. JOURNAL OF THE IRANIAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s13738-020-01901-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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8
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Fedosse Zornio C, Livi S, Duchet-Rumeau J, Gerard JF. Ionic Liquid-Nanostructured Poly(Methyl Methacrylate). NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2019; 9:E1376. [PMID: 31561407 PMCID: PMC6835392 DOI: 10.3390/nano9101376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Revised: 09/20/2019] [Accepted: 09/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Here, ionic liquids (ILs) based on imidazolium and ammonium cations were used as modifying agents for poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) by extrusion. The effects of the chemical nature of the cation and/or counter anion on the resulting properties of IL-modified PMMA blends were analyzed. It was found that the use of low amounts of ILs (2 wt.%) improved the thermal stability. A plasticizing effect of ILs is evidenced by a decrease in glass transition temperature Tg of the modified PMMA, allowing to get large strains at break (i.e., up to 280% or 400%) compared to neat PMMA. The deformation and fracture mechanisms of PMMA under uniaxial tensile stress (i.e., crazing) reveal that the presence of IL delayed the strain during the initiation step of crazing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clarice Fedosse Zornio
- Ingénierie des Matériaux Polymères, Université de Lyon, CNRS, UMR 5223, INSA Lyon, F-69621 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Sébastien Livi
- Ingénierie des Matériaux Polymères, Université de Lyon, CNRS, UMR 5223, INSA Lyon, F-69621 Villeurbanne, France.
| | - Jannick Duchet-Rumeau
- Ingénierie des Matériaux Polymères, Université de Lyon, CNRS, UMR 5223, INSA Lyon, F-69621 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Jean-François Gerard
- Ingénierie des Matériaux Polymères, Université de Lyon, CNRS, UMR 5223, INSA Lyon, F-69621 Villeurbanne, France.
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10
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Collins MN, Nechifor M, Tanasă F, Zănoagă M, McLoughlin A, Stróżyk MA, Culebras M, Teacă CA. Valorization of lignin in polymer and composite systems for advanced engineering applications – A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 131:828-849. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.03.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 237] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2018] [Revised: 03/04/2019] [Accepted: 03/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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11
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Lopes Pereira EC, Soares BG, Jesus RB, Sirqueira AS. DGEBA-Based Epoxy Resin as Compatibilizer for Biodegradable Poly (lactic acid)/Poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) Blends. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/masy.201800133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Elaine C. Lopes Pereira
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro; Instituto de Macromoléculas; Centro de Tecnologia; 21941-598 Rio de Janeiro Brazil
| | - Bluma G. Soares
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro; Instituto de Macromoléculas; Centro de Tecnologia; 21941-598 Rio de Janeiro Brazil
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro; PEMM-COPPE; Centro de Tecnologia; 21941-972 Rio de Janeiro Brazil
| | - Rayan B. Jesus
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro; Instituto de Macromoléculas; Centro de Tecnologia; 21941-598 Rio de Janeiro Brazil
| | - Alex S. Sirqueira
- Centro Universitário Estadual da Zona Oeste − UEZO; Av. Manuel Caldeira de Alvarenga, 1203 23070-200 Rio de Janeiro Brazil
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12
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Khatsee S, Daranarong D, Punyodom W, Worajittiphon P. Electrospinning polymer blend of PLA and PBAT: Electrospinnability-solubility map and effect of polymer solution parameters toward application as antibiotic-carrier mats. J Appl Polym Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/app.46486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sarunphat Khatsee
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science; Chiang Mai University; Chiang Mai 50200 Thailand
- Graduate School; Chiang Mai University; Chiang Mai 50200 Thailand
| | - Donraporn Daranarong
- Research Administration Center; Office of the University, Chiang Mai University; Chiang Mai 50200 Thailand
- Bioplastics Production Laboratory for Medical Applications, Faculty of Science; Chiang Mai University; Chiang Mai 50200 Thailand
| | - Winita Punyodom
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science; Chiang Mai University; Chiang Mai 50200 Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Materials Science and Technology; Chiang Mai University; Chiang Mai 50200 Thailand
| | - Patnarin Worajittiphon
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science; Chiang Mai University; Chiang Mai 50200 Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Materials Science and Technology; Chiang Mai University; Chiang Mai 50200 Thailand
- Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science; Chiang Mai University; Chiang Mai 50200 Thailand
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13
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Lins LC, Bugatti V, Livi S, Gorrasi G. Ionic Liquid as Surfactant Agent of Hydrotalcite: Influence on the Final Properties of Polycaprolactone Matrix. Polymers (Basel) 2018; 10:polym10010044. [PMID: 30966082 PMCID: PMC6414983 DOI: 10.3390/polym10010044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2017] [Revised: 12/15/2017] [Accepted: 12/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
This paper reports the surface treatment of layered double hydroxide (LDH) by using ionic liquid (IL) composed of phosphonium cation combined with 2-ethylhexanoate (EHT) counter anion as surfactant agent. Then, different amounts (1, 3, 5 and 7 wt %) of thermally stable organically modified LDH (up to 350 °C) denoted LDH-EHT were incorporated into polycaprolactone (PCL) matrix by mechanical milling. The influence of LDH-EHT loading has been investigated on the physical properties, such as the thermal and barrier properties, as well as the morphologies of the resulting nanocomposites. Thus, intercalated or microcomposite morphologies were obtained depending on the LDH-EHT loading, leading to significant reduction of the diffusion coefficient respect to water vapor. The modulation of barrier properties, using low functionalized filler amount, is a very important aspect for materials in packaging applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luanda Chaves Lins
- University of Lyon, F-69003 Lyon, France.
- UMR 5223, Department of Engineering of Polymeric Materials, INSA Lyon, CNRS, F-69621 Villeurbanne, France.
| | - Valeria Bugatti
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Salerno-via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, 84084 Fisciano (Salerno), Italy.
| | - Sébastien Livi
- University of Lyon, F-69003 Lyon, France.
- UMR 5223, Department of Engineering of Polymeric Materials, INSA Lyon, CNRS, F-69621 Villeurbanne, France.
| | - Giuliana Gorrasi
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Salerno-via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, 84084 Fisciano (Salerno), Italy.
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14
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Lopes Pereira EC, Farias da Silva JM, Jesus RB, Soares BG, Livi S. Bronsted acidic ionic liquids: New transesterification agents for the compatibilization of polylactide/ethylene-co-vinyl acetate blends. Eur Polym J 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2017.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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15
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Llevot A, Dannecker PK, von Czapiewski M, Over LC, Söyler Z, Meier MAR. Renewability is not Enough: Recent Advances in the Sustainable Synthesis of Biomass-Derived Monomers and Polymers. Chemistry 2016; 22:11510-21. [PMID: 27355829 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201602068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 183] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Taking advantage of the structural diversity of different biomass resources, recent efforts were directed towards the synthesis of renewable monomers and polymers, either for the substitution of petroleum-based resources or for the design of novel polymers. Not only the use of biomass, but also the development of sustainable chemical approaches is a crucial aspect for the production of sustainable materials. This review discusses the recent examples of chemical modifications and polymerizations of abundant biomass resources with a clear focus on the sustainability of the described processes. Topics such as synthetic methodology, catalysis, and development of new solvent systems or greener alternative reagents are addressed. The chemistry of vegetable oil derivatives, terpenes, lignin, carbohydrates, and sugar-based platform chemicals was selected to highlight the trends in the active field of a sustainable use of renewable resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Audrey Llevot
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute of Organic Chemistry (IOC), Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, Fritz-Haber-Weg 6, Building 30.42, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany.
| | - Patrick-Kurt Dannecker
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute of Organic Chemistry (IOC), Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, Fritz-Haber-Weg 6, Building 30.42, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Marc von Czapiewski
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute of Organic Chemistry (IOC), Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, Fritz-Haber-Weg 6, Building 30.42, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Lena C Over
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute of Organic Chemistry (IOC), Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, Fritz-Haber-Weg 6, Building 30.42, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Zafer Söyler
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute of Organic Chemistry (IOC), Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, Fritz-Haber-Weg 6, Building 30.42, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Michael A R Meier
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute of Organic Chemistry (IOC), Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, Fritz-Haber-Weg 6, Building 30.42, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany.
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Megevand B, Pruvost S, Lins LC, Livi S, Gérard JF, Duchet-Rumeau J. Probing nanomechanical properties with AFM to understand the structure and behavior of polymer blends compatibilized with ionic liquids. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra18492h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The PeakForce QNM AFM mode was used to investigate the nanoscale mechanical properties of poly(butylene-adipate-co-terephthalate)/poly(lactic acid) (PBAT/PLA) blends successfully compatibilized with phosphonium-based ionic liquids (ILs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Megevand
- Université de Lyon
- INSA Lyon
- UMR CNRS 5223
- IMP Ingénierie des Matériaux Polymères
- F-69621 Villeurbanne
| | - Sébastien Pruvost
- Université de Lyon
- INSA Lyon
- UMR CNRS 5223
- IMP Ingénierie des Matériaux Polymères
- F-69621 Villeurbanne
| | - Luanda C. Lins
- Université de Lyon
- INSA Lyon
- UMR CNRS 5223
- IMP Ingénierie des Matériaux Polymères
- F-69621 Villeurbanne
| | - Sébastien Livi
- Université de Lyon
- INSA Lyon
- UMR CNRS 5223
- IMP Ingénierie des Matériaux Polymères
- F-69621 Villeurbanne
| | - Jean-François Gérard
- Université de Lyon
- INSA Lyon
- UMR CNRS 5223
- IMP Ingénierie des Matériaux Polymères
- F-69621 Villeurbanne
| | - Jannick Duchet-Rumeau
- Université de Lyon
- INSA Lyon
- UMR CNRS 5223
- IMP Ingénierie des Matériaux Polymères
- F-69621 Villeurbanne
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17
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Ternary miscibility with specific interactions in novel blends comprising biodegradable polymers and a natural polyphenol. JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s10965-015-0892-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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18
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Kirchner B, Malberg F, Firaha DS, Hollóczki O. Ion pairing in ionic liquids. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2015; 27:463002. [PMID: 26509867 DOI: 10.1088/0953-8984/27/46/463002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
In the present article we briefly review the extensive discussion in literature about the presence or absence of ion pair-like aggregates in ionic liquids. While some experimental studies point towards the presence of neutral subunits in ionic liquids, many other experiments cannot confirm or even contradict their existence. Ion pairs can be detected directly in the gas phase, but no direct method is available to observe such association behavior in the liquid, and the corresponding indirect experimental proofs are based on such assumptions as unity charges at the ions. However, we have shown by calculating ionic liquid clusters of different sizes that assuming unity charges for ILs is erroneous, because a substantial charge transfer is taking place between the ionic liquid ions that reduce their total charge. Considering these effects might establish a bridge between the contradicting experimental results on this matter. Beside these results, according to molecular dynamics simulations the lifetimes of ion-ion contacts and their joint motions are far too short to verify the existence of neutral units in these materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Kirchner
- Mulliken Center for Theoretical Chemistry, Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie Universität Bonn, Beringstraße 4+6, D-53115 Bonn, Germany
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Sun Z, Zhang B, Bian X, Feng L, Zhang H, Duan R, Sun J, Pang X, Chen W, Chen X. Synergistic effect of PLA–PBAT–PLA tri-block copolymers with two molecular weights as compatibilizers on the mechanical and rheological properties of PLA/PBAT blends. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra11019j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Systematic study on the synergistic effects of different molecular-weight PLA–PBAT–PLA tri-block copolymers on the mechanical and rheological properties of PLA/PBAT blends.
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