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Benhamou M, Kaidi H, Hachem EK. Effective pair-potentials between droplets with end-grafted polymers within Pickering emulsions versus grafting-density, solvent quality and monomer concentration and phase diagrams architectures. J Mol Liq 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2020.114191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Han C, Li Y, Wang W, Hou Y, Chen D. Dual-functional Ag 3PO 4@palygorskite composite for efficient photodegradation of alkane by in situ forming Pickering emulsion photocatalytic system. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 704:135356. [PMID: 31896225 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.135356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2019] [Revised: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 11/01/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Removal of oil from water is highly imperative, because of the worldwide oil-contaminated water caused by industrial development and oil spill accidents. As a solution to meet the demand for clean energy technology, photocatalysis has drawn great attention recently. However, a major problem encountered in photodegrading oil is the difficult availability of oil by photocatalyst. To overcome this problem, a novel concept of integrating Pickering emulsification of palygorskite (PAL) clay particles with photocatalytic activity of Ag3PO4 is proposed in this work. By a simple co-precipitation method, Ag3PO4@PAL composite was prepared and used for the simultaneous emulsification and decomposition of tetradecane. Via a simple Pickering emulsion-based photocatalytic system, Ag3PO4 could contact with tetradecane directly, which effectively overcomes the agglomeration and settlement of Ag3PO4 in aqueous phase. This in situ photocatalytic system shows a higher efficiency for photodegradation of tetradecane, comparing with traditional solution-dispersed photocatalytic system. Under visible-light irradiation, the removal efficiency of tetradecane is 4.9 times higher than Ag3PO4 alone. Direct contact of Ag3PO4 with oil pollutes and sufficiently large active surface area greatly improve the efficiency of photodegrading oil. This study provides a new and simple strategy for oil photodegradation via an in situ Pickering emulsion system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changbo Han
- Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, PR China
| | - Yiming Li
- Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, PR China.
| | - Wenbo Wang
- Key Laboratory of Clay Mineral Applied Research of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, PR China
| | - Yajie Hou
- Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, PR China
| | - Dafan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, PR China
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Lu S, Yang D, Wang M, Yan M, Qian Y, Zheng D, Qiu X. Pickering emulsions synergistic-stabilized by amphoteric lignin and SiO2 nanoparticles: Stability and pH-responsive mechanism. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2019.124158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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4
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Xu B, Liu C, Sun H, Wang X, Huang F. Highly Surface-Active Chaperonin Nanobarrels for Oil-in-Water Pickering Emulsions and Delivery of Lipophilic Compounds. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2019; 67:10155-10164. [PMID: 31433944 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b02379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Stabilization of Pickering emulsions via particles of biological origin exhibits a great potential to be widely applied in food, cosmetic, or biomedicine formulation because of their excellent biocompatibility, biodegradability, and functional properties. This paper describes the successful development of a bioderived GroEL protein nanobarrel as a Pickering stabilizer and its protective properties on β-carotene in dispersed oil phase, as a model of labile bioactive compounds. It is shown that the GroEL nanobarrel is highly surface-active and allows the formation of Pickering emulsion by physical adsorption at the oil/water interface. The optimized formulation for generating a stable submicron oil droplet by ultrasonication includes a GroEL concentration of 0.05-0.45 wt % with an oil/water volume ratio of 0.05-0.35. The as-prepared Pickering emulsion shows pH-responsive emulsification/demulsification transition and excellent stability at temperatures less than 65 °C and ionic strength (with NaCl addition) up to 500 mM. Meanwhile, the emulsion tends to form a gel-like network structure with the oil/water ratio increasing. Finally, we demonstrate that possible factors of oxidant, reducing agent, UV radiation, and sucrose have sequentially decreasing to no effect on the stability of β-carotene encapsulated in GroEL-stabilized Pickering emulsion and that higher GroEL concentration can significantly reduce β-carotene degradation rate, thus ensuring more efficient long-term storage. We believe that the emulsion system supported by the GroEL nanobarrel could be developed to a viable tool for delivering lipophilic bioactive compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baomei Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, College of Chemical Engineering , China University of Petroleum (East China) , Qingdao 266580 , P.R. China
| | - Chengkun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, College of Chemical Engineering , China University of Petroleum (East China) , Qingdao 266580 , P.R. China
| | - Haiyan Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, College of Chemical Engineering , China University of Petroleum (East China) , Qingdao 266580 , P.R. China
| | - Xiaoqiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, College of Chemical Engineering , China University of Petroleum (East China) , Qingdao 266580 , P.R. China
| | - Fang Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, College of Chemical Engineering , China University of Petroleum (East China) , Qingdao 266580 , P.R. China
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Lebdioua K, Aimable A, Cerbelaud M, Videcoq A, Peyratout C. Influence of different surfactants on Pickering emulsions stabilized by submicronic silica particles. J Colloid Interface Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2018.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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6
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Jiang WL, Fu QJ, Yao BJ, Ding LG, Liu CX, Dong YB. Smart pH-Responsive Polymer-Tethered and Pd NP-Loaded NMOF as the Pickering Interfacial Catalyst for One-Pot Cascade Biphasic Reaction. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:36438-36446. [PMID: 28952719 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b12166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
A Pd nano particle (NP)-loaded and nano metal-organic framework (NMOF)-based Pickering emulsifier is reported. The poly[2-(diethylamino)ethyl methacrylate)] (PDEAEMA) chains were grafted onto UiO-66-type NPs via a postsynthetic approach to generate PDEAEMA-g-UiO-66 NMOF (termed as MOF-3). The Pd NPs-loaded Pd@MOF-3 was synthesized via solution impregnation. Stable toluene-in-water Pickering emulsion was prepared with emulsifier Pd@MOF-3. Notably, the obtained Pd@MOF-3 is pH-responsive, and it is able to trigger the emulsification (at neutral condition) and demulsification (at acidic condition) of toluene droplets. Furthermore, it can be a highly active interfacial catalyst to effectively promote one-pot Knoevenagel condensation-hydrogenation cascade reaction at ambient conditions. The pH-responsive property allowed it to be in situ separated and recycled by demulsifying via simply tuning the pH value at the end of the reaction. This smart Pickering emulsion catalytic system is robust, and it can be recycled at least five times without loss of its catalytic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Ling Jiang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Shandong Normal University , Jinan 250014, P. R. China
| | - Qi-Juan Fu
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Shandong Normal University , Jinan 250014, P. R. China
| | - Bing-Jian Yao
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Shandong Normal University , Jinan 250014, P. R. China
| | - Luo-Gang Ding
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Shandong Normal University , Jinan 250014, P. R. China
| | - Cong-Xue Liu
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Shandong Normal University , Jinan 250014, P. R. China
| | - Yu-Bin Dong
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Shandong Normal University , Jinan 250014, P. R. China
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Sarker M, Tomczak N, Lim S. Protein Nanocage as a pH-Switchable Pickering Emulsifier. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:11193-11201. [PMID: 28290652 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b14349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Encapsulation of active compounds in Pickering emulsions using bioderived protein-based stabilizers holds potential for the development of novel formulations in the fields of foods and cosmetics. We employ a dodecahedron hollow protein nanocage as a pH-switchable Pickering emulsifier. E2 protein nanocages are derived from pyruvate dehydrogenase multienzyme complex from Geobacillus stearothermophilus which adsorb at the oil/water interface at neutral and basic pH's and stabilize the Pickering emulsions, while in the acidic range, at pH ∼4, the emulsion separates into emulsion and serum phases due to flocculation. The observed process is reversible for at least five cycles. Optimal formulation of a Pickering emulsion composed of rosemary oil, an essential oil, and water has been achieved by ultrasonication and results in droplets of approximately 300 nm in diameter with an oil/water ratio of 0.11 (v/v) and 0.30-0.35% (wt %). Ionic stabilization is observed for concentrations up to 250 mM NaCl and pH values from 7 to 11. The emulsions are stable for at least 10 days when stored at different temperatures up to 50 °C. The resulting Pickering emulsions of different compositions also form a gel-like structure and show shear thinning behavior under shear stress at a higher oil/water ratio.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mridul Sarker
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University , 70 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637457
| | - Nikodem Tomczak
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research) , 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis, Singapore 138634
| | - Sierin Lim
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University , 70 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637457
- NTU-Northwestern Institute for Nanomedicine, Nanyang Technological University , 50 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637553
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Liu K, Jiang J, Cui Z, Binks BP. pH-Responsive Pickering Emulsions Stabilized by Silica Nanoparticles in Combination with a Conventional Zwitterionic Surfactant. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2017; 33:2296-2305. [PMID: 28191963 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.6b04459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
pH-responsive oil-in-water Pickering emulsions were prepared simply by using negatively charged silica nanoparticles in combination with a trace amount of a zwitterionic carboxyl betaine surfactant as stabilizer. Emulsions are stable to coalescence at pH ≤ 5 but phase separate completely at pH > 8.5. In acidic solution, the carboxyl betaine molecules become cationic, allowing them to adsorb on silica nanoparticles via electrostatic interactions, thus hydrophobizing and flocculating them and enhancing their surface activity. Upon increasing the pH, surfactant molecules are converted to zwitterionic form and significantly desorb from particles' surfaces, triggering dehydrophobization and coalescence of oil droplets within the emulsion. The pH-responsive emulsion can be cycled between stable and unstable many times upon alternating the pH of the aqueous phase. The average droplet size in restabilized emulsions at low pH, however, increases gradually after four cycles due to the accumulation of NaCl. Experimental evidence including adsorption isotherms, zeta potentials, microscopy, and three-phase contact angles is given to support the postulated mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaihong Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Food Colloids and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University , 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, P. R. China
| | - Jianzhong Jiang
- The Key Laboratory of Food Colloids and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University , 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, P. R. China
| | - Zhenggang Cui
- The Key Laboratory of Food Colloids and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University , 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, P. R. China
| | - Bernard P Binks
- School of Mathematics and Physical Sciences, University of Hull , Hull HU6 7RX, U.K
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Ruiz-Hitzky E, Darder M, Alcântara ACS, Wicklein B, Aranda P. Functional Nanocomposites Based on Fibrous Clays. FUNCTIONAL POLYMER COMPOSITES WITH NANOCLAYS 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/9781782626725-00001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
This chapter is focused on functional nanocomposites based on the use of the microfibrous clays sepiolite and palygorskite as efficient fillers for diverse types of polymer matrices, from typical thermoplastics to biopolymers. The main features that govern the interaction between the silicates and the polymer matrix are discussed. The introduction addresses the structural and textural features of the fibrous silicates, as well as the possible synthetic approaches to increase the compatibility of these nanofillers with the polymeric matrix. Additionally, these clays can be easily functionalized through their surface silanol groups based on chemical reactions or by anchoring of nanoparticles. This allows for the preparation of a wide variety of functional polymer–clay nanocomposites. Thereafter, some relevant examples of nanocomposites derived from conventional polymers are reported, as well as of those based on polymers that exhibit electrical conductivity. Lastly, selected works employing sepiolite or palygorskite as fillers in polymeric matrixes of natural origin are discussed, showing the wide application of these resulting nanocomposites as bioplastics, as well as in biomedicine, environmental remediation and the development of sensor devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Ruiz-Hitzky
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid CSIC, c/ Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz 3 28049 Madrid Spain
| | - Margarita Darder
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid CSIC, c/ Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz 3 28049 Madrid Spain
| | - Ana C. S. Alcântara
- Universidade Federal do Maranhão (UFMA), Departamento de Química (DEQUI) São Luís-MA Brazil
| | - Bernd Wicklein
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid CSIC, c/ Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz 3 28049 Madrid Spain
| | - Pilar Aranda
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid CSIC, c/ Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz 3 28049 Madrid Spain
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Tan J, Peng Y, Liu D, Huang C, Yu M, Jiang D, Zhang L. Facile Preparation of Monodisperse Poly(2-hydroxyethyl acrylate)-Grafted Poly(methyl methacrylate) Microspheres via Photoinitiated RAFT Dispersion Polymerization. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.201600176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jianbo Tan
- Department of Polymeric Materials and Engineering; School of Materials and Energy; Guangdong University of Technology; Guangzhou 510006 China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Soft Condensed Matter; Guangzhou 510006 China
| | - Yicheng Peng
- Department of Polymeric Materials and Engineering; School of Materials and Energy; Guangdong University of Technology; Guangzhou 510006 China
| | - Dongdong Liu
- Department of Polymeric Materials and Engineering; School of Materials and Energy; Guangdong University of Technology; Guangzhou 510006 China
| | - Chundong Huang
- Department of Polymeric Materials and Engineering; School of Materials and Energy; Guangdong University of Technology; Guangzhou 510006 China
| | - Mingguang Yu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Sun Yat-Sen University; Guangzhou 510275 China
| | - Dan Jiang
- Research Resources Center; South China Normal University; Guangzhou 510006 China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Polymeric Materials and Engineering; School of Materials and Energy; Guangdong University of Technology; Guangzhou 510006 China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Soft Condensed Matter; Guangzhou 510006 China
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11
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Owoseni O, Zhang Y, Su Y, He J, McPherson GL, Bose A, John VT. Tuning the Wettability of Halloysite Clay Nanotubes by Surface Carbonization for Optimal Emulsion Stabilization. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2015; 31:13700-13707. [PMID: 26633133 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.5b03878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The carbonization of hydrophilic particle surfaces provides an effective route for tuning particle wettability in the preparation of particle-stabilized emulsions. The wettability of naturally occurring halloysite clay nanotubes (HNT) is successfully tuned by the selective carbonization of the negatively charged external HNT surface. The positively charge chitosan biopolymer binds to the negatively charged external HNT surface by electrostatic attraction and hydrogen bonding, yielding carbonized halloysite nanotubes (CHNT) on pyrolysis in an inert atmosphere. Relative to the native HNT, the oil emulsification ability of the CHNT at intermediate levels of carbonization is significantly enhanced due to the thermodynamically more favorable attachment of the particles at the oil-water interface. Cryogenic scanning electron microscopy (cryo-SEM) imaging reveals that networks of CHNT attach to the oil-water interface with the particles in a side-on orientation. The concepts advanced here can be extended to other inorganic solids and carbon sources for the optimal design of particle-stabilized emulsions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Arijit Bose
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Rhode Island , Kingston, Rhode Island 02881, United States
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Lu J, Wu J, Chen J, Jin Y, Hu T, Walters KB, Ding S. Fabrication of pH-sensitive poly(2-(diethylamino)ethyl methacrylate)/palygorskite composite microspheres via Pickering emulsion polymerization and their release behavior. J Appl Polym Sci 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/app.42179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jia Lu
- School of Life Science and Chemical Engineering; Huaiyin Institute of Technology; Huaian 223003 China
- Wuxi Waterworks Co., Ltd; Wuxi 214000 China
| | - Jie Wu
- School of Life Science and Chemical Engineering; Huaiyin Institute of Technology; Huaian 223003 China
| | - Jing Chen
- School of Life Science and Chemical Engineering; Huaiyin Institute of Technology; Huaian 223003 China
| | - Yeling Jin
- School of Life Science and Chemical Engineering; Huaiyin Institute of Technology; Huaian 223003 China
| | - Tao Hu
- School of Life Science and Chemical Engineering; Huaiyin Institute of Technology; Huaian 223003 China
| | - Keisha B. Walters
- Dave C. Swalm School of Chemical Engineering; Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, 323 President's Circle; Starkville Mississippi 39762-9595
| | - Shijie Ding
- School of Life Science and Chemical Engineering; Huaiyin Institute of Technology; Huaian 223003 China
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Yang Y, Hu Y, Zhang Q, Zhang G, Liu Z, Wang C. MoS 2 armored polystyrene particles with a narrow size distribution via membrane-assisted Pickering emulsions for monolayer-shelled liquid marbles. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra11709g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Monolayer-shelled liquid marbles were successfully stabilized by MoS2 armored polystyrene particles with a narrow size distribution via membrane-assisted Pickering emulsions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Yang
- Research Institute of Materials Science
- South China University of Technology
- Guangzhou 510640
- China
| | - Yang Hu
- Research Institute of Materials Science
- South China University of Technology
- Guangzhou 510640
- China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Research Institute of Materials Science
- South China University of Technology
- Guangzhou 510640
- China
| | - Guangzhao Zhang
- Research Institute of Materials Science
- South China University of Technology
- Guangzhou 510640
- China
| | - Zhenjun Liu
- Research Institute of Materials Science
- South China University of Technology
- Guangzhou 510640
- China
| | - Chaoyang Wang
- Research Institute of Materials Science
- South China University of Technology
- Guangzhou 510640
- China
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Wei Y, Chen J, Zhang Y, Lu Z. Color changing Pickering emulsions stabilized by polysiloxane microspheres bearing phenolphthalein groups. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra12453k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
PMPs were synthesized via benzoxazine chemistry. Toluene-in-water Pickering emulsions stabilized by PMPs exhibit color changing behavior and two emulsification/demulsification processes occurred at pH 9 and 12, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanze Wei
- Key Laboratory of Special Functional Aggregated Materials
- Ministry of Education
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Shandong University
- Jinan 250100
| | - Jiming Chen
- Institute of Lanzhou Petrochemical Company
- PetroChina
- Lanzhou 730060
- China
| | - Yaoheng Zhang
- Institute of Lanzhou Petrochemical Company
- PetroChina
- Lanzhou 730060
- China
| | - Zaijun Lu
- Key Laboratory of Special Functional Aggregated Materials
- Ministry of Education
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Shandong University
- Jinan 250100
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