1
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Kacenauskaite L, Moncada Cohen M, Van Wyck SJ, Fayer MD. Fast Structural Dynamics in Concentrated HCl Solutions: From Proton Hopping to the Bulk Viscosity. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:12355-12364. [PMID: 38682723 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c11620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
Concentrated acid solutions, particularly HCl, have been studied extensively to examine the proton hopping and infrared spectral signatures of hydronium ions. Much less attention has been given to the structural dynamics of concentrated HCl solutions. Here, we apply optical heterodyne detected-optical Kerr effect (OHD-OKE) measurements to examine HCl concentration-dependent dynamics from moderate (0.8 m) to very high (15.5 m) concentrations and compare the results to the dynamics of NaCl solutions, as Na+ is similar in size to the hydronium cation. Both HCl and NaCl OHD-OKE signals decay as triexponentials at all concentrations, in contrast to pure water, which decays as a biexponential. Two remarkable features of the HCl dynamics are the following: (1) the bulk viscosity is linearly related to the slowest decay constant, t3, and (2) the concentration-dependent proton hopping times, determined by ab initio MD simulations and 2D IR chemical exchange experiments, both obtained from the literature, fall on the same line as the slowest structural dynamics relaxation time, t3, within experimental error. The structural dynamics of hydronium/chloride/water clusters, with relaxation times t3, are responsible for the concentration dependence of microscopic property of proton hopping and the macroscopic bulk viscosity. The slowest time constant (t3), which does not have a counterpart in pure water, is 3 ps at 0.8 m and increases by a factor of ∼2 by 15.5 m. The two fastest HCl decay constants, t1 and t2, are similar to those of pure water and increase mildly with the concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Kacenauskaite
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
- Nano-Science Center & Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2100, Denmark
| | - Max Moncada Cohen
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Stephen J Van Wyck
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Michael D Fayer
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
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2
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Fei L, Wang M, Qiao M, Zhang Y, Wang A, Zhao Y, Liu J, Wang S, Guo X, Wang J, Bi J, Zhang P, Guo Z, Yue Y, Yuan J, Di Tommaso D, Li F, Ji Z. Comparative Investigation of the Microstructure of MgCl 2 Aqueous Solutions Using Different X-ray Scattering Sources, Raman Spectroscopy, and Atomistic Simulations. J Phys Chem B 2024; 128:208-221. [PMID: 38113228 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.3c05763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
Aqueous solutions of magnesium chloride (MgCl2(aq)) are often used to test advances in the theory of electrolyte solutions because they are considered an ideal strong 2:1 electrolyte. However, there is evidence that some ion association occurs in these solutions, even at low concentrations. Even a small ion-pairing constant can have a significant impact on the chemical speciation of ions, so it is important to determine whether ion pairing actually occurs. In this study, MgCl2(aq) with concentrations ranging from 1 to 35% was studied using three methods: X-ray scattering (XRS) with the Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility (SSRF) and silver-anode laboratory sources, Raman spectroscopy, and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations with the COMPASS-II and Madrid force fields. XRS results were analyzed in the framework of PDF theory to obtain the reduced structure function F(Q) and the reduced pair distribution function G(r). The F(Q) values from synchrotron radiation and laboratory sources both showed that the tetrahedral hydrogen bonds in bulk water were destroyed with the increased MgCl2 concentration. The results of G(r) indicated that the main peaks centered at 2.05 and 2.80 Å can be ascribed to the interactions of Mg-O and O-O, respectively. The peak at 3.10 Å is attributed to the combined effect of O-O and Cl-O. By comparing the structural information on MgCl2 solution obtained from the two light sources, it was found that both SSRF and silver-anode laboratory sources can reflect the above-mentioned structural information on MgCl2 solution. The radial distribution function (RDF) obtained from MD simulations of MgCl2 solutions assigned the peaks at 2.0, 2.8, and 3.2 Å to the Mg-O, O-O, and Cl-O interatomic pairs, respectively. The decrease in the O-O coordination number confirms that the hydrogen-bonding network of water is disrupted by increasing MgCl2 observed by X-ray scattering. The proportion of Mg-Cl contact ion pairs gradually increases with MgCl2 concentration as does the coordination number. Raman spectroscopy results show that the bond type changes from double donor double acceptor (DDAA) to single donor-single acceptor (DA) with increasing concentration, providing explicit details of the hydrogen-bond evolution in the aqueous solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liting Fei
- Engineering Research Center of Seawater Utilization Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300130, China
| | - Meiling Wang
- Engineering Research Center of Seawater Utilization Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300130, China
| | - Mengdan Qiao
- Engineering Research Center of Seawater Utilization Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300130, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Engineering Research Center of Seawater Utilization Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300130, China
| | - Ao Wang
- Engineering Research Center of Seawater Utilization Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300130, China
| | - Yingying Zhao
- Engineering Research Center of Seawater Utilization Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300130, China
- National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Chemical Energy Saving Process Integration and Resource Utilization, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300130, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Intrinsically Safe Chemical Technology, Tianjin 300130, China
- Hebei Collaborative Innovation Center of Modern Marine Chemical Technology, Tianjin 300401, China
| | - Jie Liu
- Engineering Research Center of Seawater Utilization Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300130, China
- National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Chemical Energy Saving Process Integration and Resource Utilization, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300130, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Intrinsically Safe Chemical Technology, Tianjin 300130, China
- Hebei Collaborative Innovation Center of Modern Marine Chemical Technology, Tianjin 300401, China
| | - Shizhao Wang
- Engineering Research Center of Seawater Utilization Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300130, China
- National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Chemical Energy Saving Process Integration and Resource Utilization, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300130, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Intrinsically Safe Chemical Technology, Tianjin 300130, China
- Hebei Collaborative Innovation Center of Modern Marine Chemical Technology, Tianjin 300401, China
| | - Xiaofu Guo
- Engineering Research Center of Seawater Utilization Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300130, China
- National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Chemical Energy Saving Process Integration and Resource Utilization, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300130, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Intrinsically Safe Chemical Technology, Tianjin 300130, China
- Hebei Collaborative Innovation Center of Modern Marine Chemical Technology, Tianjin 300401, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Engineering Research Center of Seawater Utilization Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300130, China
- National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Chemical Energy Saving Process Integration and Resource Utilization, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300130, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Intrinsically Safe Chemical Technology, Tianjin 300130, China
- Hebei Collaborative Innovation Center of Modern Marine Chemical Technology, Tianjin 300401, China
| | - Jingtao Bi
- Engineering Research Center of Seawater Utilization Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300130, China
- National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Chemical Energy Saving Process Integration and Resource Utilization, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300130, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Intrinsically Safe Chemical Technology, Tianjin 300130, China
- Hebei Collaborative Innovation Center of Modern Marine Chemical Technology, Tianjin 300401, China
| | - Panpan Zhang
- Engineering Research Center of Seawater Utilization Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300130, China
- National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Chemical Energy Saving Process Integration and Resource Utilization, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300130, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Intrinsically Safe Chemical Technology, Tianjin 300130, China
- Hebei Collaborative Innovation Center of Modern Marine Chemical Technology, Tianjin 300401, China
| | - Zhiyuan Guo
- Engineering Research Center of Seawater Utilization Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300130, China
- National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Chemical Energy Saving Process Integration and Resource Utilization, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300130, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Intrinsically Safe Chemical Technology, Tianjin 300130, China
- Hebei Collaborative Innovation Center of Modern Marine Chemical Technology, Tianjin 300401, China
| | - Yajun Yue
- China Spallation Neutron Source, Dongguan, Guangdong 523000, China
| | - Junsheng Yuan
- Engineering Research Center of Seawater Utilization Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300130, China
- National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Chemical Energy Saving Process Integration and Resource Utilization, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300130, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Intrinsically Safe Chemical Technology, Tianjin 300130, China
- Hebei Collaborative Innovation Center of Modern Marine Chemical Technology, Tianjin 300401, China
| | - Devis Di Tommaso
- Department of Chemistry, School of Physical and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, U.K
- Digital Environment Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, Empire House, 67-75 New Road, London E1 1HH, U.K
| | - Fei Li
- Engineering Research Center of Seawater Utilization Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300130, China
- National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Chemical Energy Saving Process Integration and Resource Utilization, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300130, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Intrinsically Safe Chemical Technology, Tianjin 300130, China
- Hebei Collaborative Innovation Center of Modern Marine Chemical Technology, Tianjin 300401, China
| | - Zhiyong Ji
- Engineering Research Center of Seawater Utilization Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300130, China
- National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Chemical Energy Saving Process Integration and Resource Utilization, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300130, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Intrinsically Safe Chemical Technology, Tianjin 300130, China
- Hebei Collaborative Innovation Center of Modern Marine Chemical Technology, Tianjin 300401, China
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3
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Kacenauskaite L, Van Wyck SJ, Moncada Cohen M, Fayer MD. Water-in-Salt: Fast Dynamics, Structure, Thermodynamics, and Bulk Properties. J Phys Chem B 2024; 128:291-302. [PMID: 38118403 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.3c07711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2023]
Abstract
We present concentration-dependent dynamics of highly concentrated LiBr solutions and LiCl temperature-dependent dynamics for two high concentrations and compare the results to those of prior LiCl concentration-dependent data. The dynamical data are obtained using ultrafast optical heterodyne-detected optical Kerr effect (OHD-OKE). The OHD-OKE decays are composed of two pairs of biexponentials, i.e., tetra-exponentials. The fastest decay (t1) is the same as pure water's at all concentrations within error, while the second component (t2) slows slightly with concentration. The slower components (t3 and t4), not present in pure water, slow substantially, and their contributions to the decays increase significantly with increasing concentration, similar to LiCl solutions. Simulations of LiCl solutions from the literature show that the slow components arise from large ion/water clusters, while the fast components are from ion/water structures that are not part of large clusters. Temperature-dependent studies (15-95 °C) of two high LiCl concentrations show that decreasing the temperature is equivalent to increasing the room temperature concentration. The LiBr and LiCl concentration dependences and the two LiCl concentrations' temperature dependences all have bulk viscosities that are linearly dependent on τcslow, the correlation time of the slow dynamics (weighted averages of t3 and t4). Remarkably, all four viscosity vs 1/τCslow plots fall on the same line. Application of transition state theory to the temperature-dependent data yields the activation enthalpies and entropies for the dynamics of the large ion/water clusters, which underpin the bulk viscosity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Kacenauskaite
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
- Nano-Science Center and Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2100, Denmark
| | - Stephen J Van Wyck
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Max Moncada Cohen
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Michael D Fayer
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
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4
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González-Jiménez M, Liao Z, Williams EL, Wynne K. Lifting Hofmeister's Curse: Impact of Cations on Diffusion, Hydrogen Bonding, and Clustering of Water. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:368-376. [PMID: 38124370 PMCID: PMC10786029 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c09421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Water plays a role in the stability, reactivity, and dynamics of the solutes that it contains. The presence of ions alters this capacity by changing the dynamics and structure of water. However, our understanding of how and to what extent this occurs is still incomplete. Here, a study of the low-frequency Raman spectra of aqueous solutions of various cations by using optical Kerr-effect spectroscopy is presented. This technique allows for the measurement of the changes that ions cause in both the diffusive dynamics and the vibrations of the hydrogen-bond structure of water. It is found that when salts are added, some of the water molecules become part of the ion solvation layers, while the rest retain the same diffusional properties as those of pure water. The slowing of the dynamics of the water molecules in the solvation shell of each ion was found to depend on its charge density at infinite dilution conditions and on its position in the Hofmeister series at higher concentrations. It is also observed that all cations weaken the hydrogen-bond structure of the solution and that this weakening depends only on the size of the cation. Finally, evidence is found that ions tend to form amorphous aggregates, even at very dilute concentrations. This work provides a novel approach to water dynamics that can be used to better study the mechanisms of solute nucleation and crystallization, the structural stability of biomolecules, and the dynamic properties of complex solutions, such as water-in-salt electrolytes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Zhiyu Liao
- School of Chemistry, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, U.K.
| | | | - Klaas Wynne
- School of Chemistry, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, U.K.
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5
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Rana R, Ali SM, Maity DK. Structure and dynamics of the Li + ion in water, methanol and acetonitrile solvents: ab initio molecular dynamics simulations. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023; 25:31382-31395. [PMID: 37961866 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp04403c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
Fundamental understanding of the structure and dynamics of the Li+ ion in solution is of utmost importance in different fields of science and technology, especially in the field of ion batteries. In view of this, ab initio molecular dynamics (AIMD) simulations of the LiCl salt in water, methanol and acetonitrile were performed to elucidate structural parameters such as radial distribution function and coordination number, and dynamical properties like diffusion coefficient, limiting ion conductivity and hydrogen bond correlation function. In the present AIMD simulation, one LiCl in water is equivalent to 0.8 M, which is close to the concentration of the lithium salt used in the Li-ion battery. The first sphere of coordination number of the Li+ ion was reaffirmed to be 4. The radial distribution function for different pairs of atoms is seen to be in good agreement with the experimental results. The calculated potential of mean force indicates the stronger interaction of the Li+ ion with methanol over water followed by acetonitrile. The dynamical parameters convey quite high diffusion and limiting ionic conductivity of the Li+ ion in acetonitrile compared to that in water and methanol which has been attributed to the transport of the Li-Cl ion pair in a non-dissociated form in acetonitrile. The AIMD results were found to be in accordance with the experimental findings, i.e. the limiting ion conductivity was found to follow the order acetonitrile > methanol > water. This study shows the importance of atomistic level simulations in evaluating the structural and dynamical parameters and in implementing the results for predicting and synthesizing better next generation solvents for lithium ion batteries (LIBs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Reman Rana
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai 400094, India.
| | - Sk Musharaf Ali
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai 400094, India.
- Chemical Engineering Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai-400085, India
| | - Dilip K Maity
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai 400094, India.
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6
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Shan H, Poredoš P, Ye Z, Qu H, Zhang Y, Zhou M, Wang R, Tan SC. All-Day Multicyclic Atmospheric Water Harvesting Enabled by Polyelectrolyte Hydrogel with Hybrid Desorption Mode. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2302038. [PMID: 37199373 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202302038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Sorption-based atmospheric water harvesting (AWH) is a promising approach for mitigating worldwide water scarcity. However, reliable water supply driven by sustainable energy regardless of diurnal variation and weather remains a long-standing challenge. To address this issue, a polyelectrolyte hydrogel sorbent with an optimal hybrid-desorption multicyclic-operation strategy is proposed, achieving all-day AWH and a significant increase in daily water production. The polyelectrolyte hydrogel possesses a large interior osmotic pressure of 659 atm, which refreshes sorption sites by continuously migrating the sorbed water within its interior, and thus enhancing sorption kinetics. The charged polymeric chains coordinate with hygroscopic salt ions, anchoring the salts and preventing agglomeration and leakage, thereby enhancing cyclic stability. The hybrid desorption mode, which couples solar energy and simulated waste heat, introduces a uniform and adjustable sorbent temperature for achieving all-day ultrafast water release. With rapid sorption-desorption kinetics, an optimization model suggests that eight moisture capture-release cycles are capable of achieving high water yield of 2410 mLwater kgsorbent -1 day-1 , up to 3.5 times that of single-cyclic non-hybrid modes. The polyelectrolyte hydrogel sorbent and the coupling with sustainable energy driven desorption mode pave the way for the next-generation AWH systems, significantly bringing freshwater on a multi-kilogram scale closer.
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Affiliation(s)
- He Shan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore, 9 Engineering Drive 1, Singapore, 117574, Singapore
- Institute of Refrigeration and Cryogenics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, China
- Engineering Research Center of Solar Power & Refrigeration, MOE China, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Primož Poredoš
- Institute of Refrigeration and Cryogenics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, China
- Engineering Research Center of Solar Power & Refrigeration, MOE China, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Zhanyu Ye
- Institute of Refrigeration and Cryogenics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, China
- Engineering Research Center of Solar Power & Refrigeration, MOE China, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Hao Qu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore, 9 Engineering Drive 1, Singapore, 117574, Singapore
| | - Yaoxin Zhang
- China-UK Low Carbon College, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 3 Yinlian Road, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Mengjuan Zhou
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore, 9 Engineering Drive 1, Singapore, 117574, Singapore
| | - Ruzhu Wang
- Institute of Refrigeration and Cryogenics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, China
- Engineering Research Center of Solar Power & Refrigeration, MOE China, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Swee Ching Tan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore, 9 Engineering Drive 1, Singapore, 117574, Singapore
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7
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Zhang M, Gao Y, Fu L, Bai Y, Mukherjee S, Chen CL, Liu J, Bian H, Fang Y. Chain-like Structures Facilitate Li + Transport in Concentrated Aqueous Electrolytes: Insights from Ultrafast Infrared Spectroscopy and Molecular Dynamics Simulations. J Phys Chem Lett 2023; 14:6968-6976. [PMID: 37506173 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.3c01494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
Highly concentrated aqueous electrolytes have attracted attention due to their unique applications in lithium ion batteries (LIBs). However, the solvation structure and transport mechanism of Li+ cations at concentrated concentrations remain largely unexplored. To address this gap in knowledge, we employ ultrafast infrared spectroscopy and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations to reveal the dynamic and spatial structural heterogeneity in aqueous lithium chloride (LiCl) solutions. The coupling between the reorientation dynamics of the extrinsic probe and the macroscopic viscosity in aqueous LiCl solutions was analyzed using the Stokes-Einstein-Debye (SED) equations. MD simulations reveal that the Cl- and Li+ form chain-like structures through electrostatic interactions, supporting the vehicular migration of Li+ through the chain-like structure. The concentration dependent conductivity of the LiCl solution is well reproduced, where Li(H2O)2+ and Li(H2O)3+ are the dominant species that contribute to the conduction of Li+. This study is expected to establish correlations between ion pair structures and macroscopic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miaomiao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, China
| | - Yuting Gao
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, China
| | - Lanya Fu
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, China
| | - Yimin Bai
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, China
| | - Somnath Mukherjee
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, China
| | - Cheng-Lung Chen
- Department of Chemistry, National Sunyat-sen University, Kaohsiung, 80424, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, China
| | - Hongtao Bian
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, China
| | - Yu Fang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, China
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8
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Roget SA, Heck TR, Carter-Fenk KA, Fayer MD. Ion/Water Network Structural Dynamics in Highly Concentrated Lithium Chloride and Lithium Bromide Solutions Probed with Ultrafast Infrared Spectroscopy. J Phys Chem B 2023; 127:4532-4543. [PMID: 37172191 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.2c08792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
The structural dynamics of highly concentrated LiCl and LiBr aqueous solutions were observed from 1-4 to 1-16 water molecules per ion pair using ultrafast polarization-selective pump-probe (PSPP) experiments on the OD stretch of dilute HOD. At these high salt concentrations, an extended ion/water network exists with complex structural dynamics. Population decays from PSPP experiments highlight two distinct water components. From the frequency-dependent amplitudes of the decays, the spectra of hydroxyls bound to halides and to water oxygens are obtained, which are not observable in the FT-IR spectra. PSPP experiments also measure frequency-dependent water orientational relaxation. At short times, wobbling dynamics within a restricted angular cone occurs. At high concentrations, the cone angles are dependent on frequency (hydrogen bond strength), but at higher water concentrations (>10 waters per ion pair), there is no frequency dependence. The average cone angle increases as the ion concentration decreases. The slow time constant for complete HOD orientational relaxation is independent of concentration but slower in LiCl than in LiBr. Comparison to structural MD simulations of LiCl from the literature indicates that the loss of the cone angle wavelength dependence and the increase in the cone angles as the concentration decreases occur as the prevalence of large ion/water clusters gives way to contact ion pairs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean A Roget
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Tristan R Heck
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | | | - Michael D Fayer
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
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9
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Van Wyck SJ, Fayer MD. Dynamics of Concentrated Aqueous Lithium Chloride Solutions Investigated with Optical Kerr Effect Experiments. J Phys Chem B 2023; 127:3488-3495. [PMID: 37018545 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.3c01702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/07/2023]
Abstract
We report the dynamics of concentrated lithium chloride aqueous solutions over a range of moderate to high concentrations. Concentrations (1-29 to 1-3.3 LiCl-water) were studied in which, at the highest concentrations, there are far too few water molecules to solvate the ions. The measurements were made with optically heterodyne-detected optical Kerr effect experiments, a non-resonant technique able to observe dynamics over a wide range of time scales and signal amplitudes. While the pure water decay is a biexponential, the LiCl-water decays are tetra-exponentials at all concentrations. The faster two decays arise from water dynamics, while the slower two decays reflect the dynamics of the ion-water network. The fastest decay (t1) is the same as pure water at all concentrations. The second decay (t2) is also the same as that of pure water at the lower concentrations, and then, it slows with increasing concentration. The slower dynamics (t3 and t4), which do not have counterparts in pure water, arise from ion-water complexes and, at the highest concentrations, an extended ion-water network. Comparisons are made between the concentration dependence of the observed dynamics and simulations of structural changes from the literature, which enable the assignment of dynamics to specific ion-water structures. The concentration dependences of the bulk viscosity and the ion-water network dynamics are directly correlated. The correlation provides an atomistic-level understanding of the viscosity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen J Van Wyck
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Michael D Fayer
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
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10
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Niu Y, Sheng L, Qi Simulation Z, Wu M, Du S, Meng Y, Yuan Z, Xiao W, Ruan X, Yan X, Li X, He G, Jiang X. Membrane Assisted Reactive Crystallization with Multiple Interfacial Flow Regimes for Effective Mass Transfer Control. Chem Eng Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2022.118287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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11
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Yao J, Xiao L, Li C, Wang B, Chen Y, Yan X, Cui Z. Exploration of the Multiscale Interaction Mechanism between Natural Deep Eutectic Solvents and Silybin by QC Calculation and MD Simulation. J Mol Liq 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2022.119768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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12
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Roget SA, Carter-Fenk KA, Fayer MD. Water Dynamics and Structure of Highly Concentrated LiCl Solutions Investigated Using Ultrafast Infrared Spectroscopy. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:4233-4243. [PMID: 35226487 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c00616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In highly concentrated salt solutions, the water hydrogen bond (H-bond) network is completely disrupted by the presence of ions. Water is forced to restructure as dictated by the water-ion and ion-ion interactions. Using ultrafast polarization-selective pump-probe (PSPP) spectroscopy measurements of the OD stretch of dilute HOD, we demonstrate that the limited water-water H-bonding present in concentrated lithium chloride solutions (up to four waters per ion pair) is, on average, stronger than that occurring in bulk water. Furthermore, information on the orientational dynamics and the angular restriction of water H-bonded to both water oxygens and chloride anions was obtained through analysis of the frequency-dependent anisotropy decays. It was found that, when the salt concentration increased, the water showed increasing restriction and slowing at frequencies correlated with strong H-bonding. The angular restriction of the water molecules and strengthening of water-water H-bonds are due to the formation of a water-ion network not present in bulk water and dilute salt solutions. The structural evolution of the ionic medium was also observed through spectral diffusion of the OD stretch using 2D IR spectroscopy. Compared to bulk water, there is significant slowing of the biexponential spectral diffusion dynamics. The slowest component of the spectral diffusion (13 ps) is virtually identical to the time for complete reorientation of HOD measured with the PSPP experiments. This result suggests that the slowest component of the spectral diffusion reflects rearrangement of water molecules in the water-ion network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean A Roget
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | | | - Michael D Fayer
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
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13
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Abstract
The cracks in concrete are a fast transport path for chlorides and influence the service life of concrete structures in chloride environments. This study aimed to reveal the effect of crack geometry on chloride diffusion in cracked concrete. The chloride diffusion process in cracked concrete was simulated with the finite difference method by solving Fick’s law. The results showed that the apparent chloride diffusivity was lower in more tortuous cracks, and the cracks with more narrow points also showed lower apparent chloride diffusivity. For tortuous cracks, a higher crack width meant relatively more straight cracks, and consequently, higher apparent chloride diffusivity, while a lower crack width resulted in more tortuous cracks and lower apparent chloride diffusivity. The crack depth showed a more significant influence on the chloride penetration depth in cracked concrete than crack geometry did. Compared with rectangular and V-shaped cracks, the chloride diffusion process in cracked concrete with a tortuous crack was slower at the early immersion age. At the same crack depth, the crack geometry showed a marginal influence on the chloride penetration depth in cracked concrete during long-term immersion.
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14
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Na+/Mg2+ interactions on membrane distillation permeation flux and crystallization performance during high saline solution treatment. Sep Purif Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2020.118191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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15
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Döpke MF, Moultos OA, Hartkamp R. On the transferability of ion parameters to the TIP4P/2005 water model using molecular dynamics simulations. J Chem Phys 2020; 152:024501. [PMID: 31941316 DOI: 10.1063/1.5124448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Countless molecular dynamics studies have relied on available ion and water force field parameters to model aqueous electrolyte solutions. The TIP4P/2005 model has proven itself to be among the best rigid water force fields, whereas many of the most successful ion parameters were optimized in combination with SPC/E, TIP3P, or TIP4P/Ew water. Many researchers have combined these ions with TIP4P/2005, hoping to leverage the strengths of both parameter sets. To assess if this widely used approach is justified and to provide a guide in selecting ion parameters, we investigated the transferability of various commonly used monovalent and multivalent ion parameters to the TIP4P/2005 water model. The transferability is evaluated in terms of ion hydration free energy, hydration radius, coordination number, and self-diffusion coefficient at infinite dilution. For selected ion parameters, we also investigated density, ion pairing, chemical potential, and mean ionic activity coefficients at finite concentrations. We found that not all ions are equally transferable to TIP4P/2005 without compromising their performance. In particular, ions optimized for TIP3P water were found to be poorly transferable to TIP4P/2005, whereas ions optimized for TIP4P/Ew water provided nearly perfect transferability. The latter ions also showed good overall agreement with experimental values. The one exception is that no combination of ion parameters and water model considered here was found to accurately reproduce experimental self-diffusion coefficients. Additionally, we found that cations optimized for SPC/E and TIP3P water displayed consistent underpredictions in the hydration free energy, whereas anions consistently overpredicted the hydration free energy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Max F Döpke
- Process & Energy Department, Delft University of Technology, Leeghwaterstraat 39, 2628 CB Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Othonas A Moultos
- Process & Energy Department, Delft University of Technology, Leeghwaterstraat 39, 2628 CB Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Remco Hartkamp
- Process & Energy Department, Delft University of Technology, Leeghwaterstraat 39, 2628 CB Delft, The Netherlands
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16
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17
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Yuan R, Fayer MD. Dynamics of Water Molecules and Ions in Concentrated Lithium Chloride Solutions Probed with Ultrafast 2D IR Spectroscopy. J Phys Chem B 2019; 123:7628-7639. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.9b06038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Rongfeng Yuan
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Michael D. Fayer
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
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18
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19
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Pethes I. The structure of aqueous lithium chloride solutions at high concentrations as revealed by a comparison of classical interatomic potential models. J Mol Liq 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2018.05.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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20
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Peng H, Nguyen AV. A link between viscosity and cation-anion contact pairs: Adventure on the concept of structure-making/breaking for concentrated salt solutions. J Mol Liq 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2018.04.145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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21
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Interfacial behaviour of substituted dibenzothiophenes for their extraction in biphasic dodecane-ionic liquid systems. Chem Phys 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphys.2018.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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22
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Mallory JD, Mandelshtam VA. Nuclear Quantum Effects and Thermodynamic Properties for Small (H2O)1–21X– Clusters (X– = F–, Cl–, Br–, I–). J Phys Chem A 2018; 122:4167-4180. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.8b00917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Joel D. Mallory
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, United States
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23
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Singh MB, Patil SR, Lohi AA, Gaikar VG. Insight into nitric acid extraction and aggregation of N, N, N’, N’-Tetraoctyl diglycolamide (TODGA) in organic solutions by molecular dynamics simulation. SEP SCI TECHNOL 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/01496395.2018.1445107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Meena B Singh
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Institute of Chemical Technology, Mumbai, India
| | - Suneha R Patil
- Department of Petrochemical Engineering, Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Technological University, Raigad, India
| | - Aishwarya A Lohi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Technological University, Raigad, India
| | - Vilas G. Gaikar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Institute of Chemical Technology, Mumbai, India
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24
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A comparison of classical interatomic potentials applied to highly concentrated aqueous lithium chloride solutions. J Mol Liq 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2017.07.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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25
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Adsorptive detoxification of fermentation inhibitors in acid pretreated liquor using functionalized polymer designed by molecular simulation. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2017; 40:1657-1667. [DOI: 10.1007/s00449-017-1821-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2017] [Accepted: 07/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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26
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Singh MB, Mukhtyar AJ, Bootwala YZ, Gaikar VG. Extraction of cadmium by TODGA–dodecane and TBP–dodecane: A comparative study by MD simulation. SEP SCI TECHNOL 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/01496395.2017.1282967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Meena B. Singh
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Institute of Chemical Technology, Mumbai, India
| | - Ankita J. Mukhtyar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Institute of Chemical Technology, Mumbai, India
| | - Yousuf Z. Bootwala
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Institute of Chemical Technology, Mumbai, India
| | - Vilas G. Gaikar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Institute of Chemical Technology, Mumbai, India
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