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Li M, Hu J, Wang Y, Li Y, Zhang L, Liu Z. Challenging Reverse Screening: A Benchmark Study for Comprehensive Evaluation. Mol Inform 2021; 41:e2100063. [PMID: 34787366 DOI: 10.1002/minf.202100063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
As an efficient way of computational target prediction, reverse docking can find not only potential targets but also binding modes for a query ligand. Though the number of available docking tools keeps expanding, there is still not a comprehensive evaluation study which can uncover the advantages and limitations of these strategies in the research field of computational target-fishing. In this study, we propose a brand-new evaluation dataset tailor-made for reverse docking, which is composed of a true positive set (the core set) and two negative sets (the similar decoy set and the dissimilar decoy set). The proposed evaluation dataset can assess the prediction performance of docking tools as various values affected by varying degrees of inter-target ranking bias. The performance of four classical docking programs (AutoDock, AutoDock Vina, Glide and GOLD) was evaluated utilizing our dataset, and a biased prediction performance was observed regarding binding site properties. The results demonstrated that Glide (SP) and Glide(XP) had the best capacity to find true targets whether there was inter-target ranking bias or not.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingna Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Xueyuan Road 38, Haidian District, 100191, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Jianxing Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Xueyuan Road 38, Haidian District, 100191, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Yanxing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Xueyuan Road 38, Haidian District, 100191, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Yibo Li
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Yiheyuan Road 5, Haidian District, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Liangren Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Xueyuan Road 38, Haidian District, 100191, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Zhenming Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Xueyuan Road 38, Haidian District, 100191, Beijing, P.R. China
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Liu P, Zhang J, Wang Y, Shen Z, Wang C, Chen DQ, Qiu X. The Active Compounds and Therapeutic Target of Tripterygium wilfordii Hook. f. in Attenuating Proteinuria in Diabetic Nephropathy: A Review. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 8:747922. [PMID: 34621768 PMCID: PMC8490618 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.747922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Tripterygium wilfordii Hook. f. (TWHF) is a traditional Chinese herbal medicine and widely used to treat diabetic kidney disease in China. Emerging evidences have revealed its ability to attenuate diabetic nephropathy (DN). Tripterygium wilfordii polyglycosides (TWPs), triptolide (TP), and celastrol are predominantly active compounds isolated from TWHF. The effects and molecular mechanisms of TWHF and its active compounds have been investigated in recent years. Currently, it is becoming clearer that the effects of TWHF and its active compounds involve in anti-inflammation, anti-oxidative stress, anti-fibrosis, regulating autophagy, apoptosis, and protecting podocytes effect. This review presents an overview of the current findings related to the effects and mechanisms of TWHF and its active compounds in therapies of DN, thus providing a systematic understanding of the mechanisms and therapeutic targets by which TWHF and its active compounds affect cells and tissues in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Liu
- Shunyi Hospital, Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Institute of Plant Resources, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Yun Wang
- Shunyi Hospital, Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Zhengri Shen
- Shunyi Hospital, Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Chen Wang
- Shunyi Hospital, Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Dan-Qian Chen
- Department of Emergency, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xinping Qiu
- Shunyi Hospital, Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
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Nam LB, Choi WJ, Keum YS. Triptolide Downregulates the Expression of NRF2 Target Genes by Increasing Cytoplasmic Localization of NRF2 in A549 Cells. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:680167. [PMID: 34566633 PMCID: PMC8455929 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.680167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
We have identified triptolide as a novel NRF2 inhibitor, which significantly attenuates ARE-luciferase activity at nanomolar concentrations. Triptolide did not affect the level of NRF2, but significantly inhibited the expression of NRF2 target genes in A549 cells. We found that NRF2 possesses a previously unrecognized NES in the Neh2 domain, and that triptolide promotes an interaction between NRF2 and CRM1. Triptolide also decreased nuclear accumulation of NRF2, suggesting that it promotes nuclear export of NRF2. In addition, we show that triptolide decreased the expression of NRF2 target genes and increased intracellular oxidative stress, suppressing invasion and promoting cisplatin-induced apoptosis in A549 cells. Finally, oral administration of triptolide suppressed the growth of A549 xenografts in athymic mice by decreasing the expression of NRF2 target genes and promoting oxidative damages via the nuclear export of NRF2 and CRM1 in vivo. To the best of our knowledge, triptolide is the first type of compound to inhibit NRF2 by increasing cytoplasmic localization of NRF2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le Ba Nam
- College of Pharmacy and Integrated Research Institute for Drug Development, Dongguk University, Goyang, South Korea
| | - Won Jun Choi
- College of Pharmacy and Integrated Research Institute for Drug Development, Dongguk University, Goyang, South Korea
| | - Young-Sam Keum
- College of Pharmacy and Integrated Research Institute for Drug Development, Dongguk University, Goyang, South Korea.,Panacea Co., Goyang, South Korea
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Wang L, Wang Z, Yang Z, Yang K, Yang H. Study of the Active Components and Molecular Mechanism of Tripterygium wilfordii in the Treatment of Diabetic Nephropathy. Front Mol Biosci 2021; 8:664416. [PMID: 34164430 PMCID: PMC8215273 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.664416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
We aimed to explore the active ingredients and molecular mechanism of Tripterygium wilfordii (TW) in the treatment of diabetic nephropathy (DN) through network pharmacology and molecular biology. First, the active ingredients and potential targets of TW were obtained through the Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database and Analysis Platform (TCMSP) and related literature materials, and Cytoscape 3.7.2 software was used to construct the active ingredient-target network diagram of TW. Second, the target set of DN was obtained through the disease database, and the potential targets of TW in the treatment of DN were screened through a Venn diagram. A protein interaction network diagram (PPI) was constructed with the help of the String platform and Cytoscape 3.7.2. Third, the ClueGO plug-in tool was used to enrich the GO biological process and the KEGG metabolic pathway. Finally, molecular docking experiments and cell pathway analyses were performed. As a result, a total of 52 active ingredients of TW were screened, and 141 predicted targets and 49 target genes related to DN were identified. The biological process of GO is mediated mainly through the regulation of oxygen metabolism, endothelial cell proliferation, acute inflammation, apoptotic signal transduction pathway, fibroblast proliferation, positive regulation of cyclase activity, adipocyte differentiation and other biological processes. KEGG enrichment analysis showed that the main pathways involved were AGE-RAGE, vascular endothelial growth factor, HIF-1, IL-17, relaxin signalling pathway, TNF, Fc epsilon RI, insulin resistance and other signaling pathways. It can be concluded that TW may treat DN by reducing inflammation, reducing antioxidative stress, regulating immunity, improving vascular disease, reducing insulin resistance, delaying renal fibrosis, repairing podocytes, and reducing cell apoptosis, among others, with multicomponent, multitarget and multisystem characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Wang
- Graduate School, First Affiliated Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Zheyi Wang
- Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Zhihua Yang
- Graduate School, First Affiliated Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Kang Yang
- Graduate School, First Affiliated Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Hongtao Yang
- Graduate School, First Affiliated Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
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Zheng N, Wei A, Wu T, Long L, Yang H, Li H, Wang L. Triptolide and atorvastatin synergistically promote hepatotoxicity in cultured hepatocytes and female Sprague-Dawley rats by inhibiting pregnane X receptor-mediated transcriptional activation of CYP3A4. Toxicol Lett 2021; 342:85-94. [PMID: 33600922 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2021.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2020] [Revised: 01/31/2021] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Triptolide (TP), an active component of Tripterygium wilfordii Hook. F, has been widely used in China for treating autoimmune and inflammatory diseases, and has also been validated by modern science and developed as a candidate anti-cancer treatment. However, liver toxicity of TP has seriously hindered its use and development, the clinical features and primary toxicological mechanism have been unclear. Considering the major target regulation mechanism of TP is the suppression of global transcription regulated by RNAPII, which is closed related with the detoxification of drugs. This paper tries to verify the synergistic liver injury and its mechanism of TP when co-administered with CYP3A4 substrate drug. The experiments showed that TP dose-dependently blocked transcriptional activation of CYP3A4 in both hPXR and hPXR-CYP3A4 reporter cell lines, lowered the mRNA and protein expression of PXR target genes such as CYP3A1, CYP2B1, and MDR1, and inhibited the functional activity of CYP3A in a time- and concentration-dependent manner in sandwich-cultured rat hepatocytes (SCRH) and female Sprague-Dawley (f-SD) rats. Furthermore, TP combined with atorvastatin (ATR), the substrate of CYP3A4, synergistically enhanced hepatotoxicity in cultured HepG2 and SCRH cells (CI is 0.38 and 0.29, respectively), as well as in f-SD rats, with higher exposure levels of both drugs. These results clearly indicate that TP inhibits PXR-mediated transcriptional activation of CYP3A4, leading to a blockade on the detoxification of itself and ATR, thereby greatly promoting liver injury. This study may implies the key cause of TP related liver injury and provides experimental data for the rational use of TP in a clinical scenario.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Zheng
- Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing 100850, China; Department of Pharmacy, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing Key Laboratory of Assessment of Clinical Drugs Risk and Individual Application, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Aili Wei
- Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Tong Wu
- Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Long Long
- Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Haiying Yang
- Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Hua Li
- Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing 100850, China.
| | - Lili Wang
- Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing 100850, China; State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550014, China.
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Hou X, Sun M, Bao T, Xie X, Wei F, Wang S. Recent advances in screening active components from natural products based on bioaffinity techniques. Acta Pharm Sin B 2020; 10:1800-1813. [PMID: 33163336 PMCID: PMC7606101 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2020.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2020] [Revised: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Natural products have provided numerous lead compounds for drug discovery. However, the traditional analytical methods cannot detect most of these active components, especially at their usual low concentrations, from complex natural products. Herein, we reviewed the recent technological advances (2015–2019) related to the separation and screening bioactive components from natural resources, especially the emerging screening methods based on the bioaffinity techniques, including biological chromatography, affinity electrophoresis, affinity mass spectroscopy, and the latest magnetic and optical methods. These screening methods are uniquely advanced compared to other traditional methods, and they can fish out the active components from complex natural products because of the affinity between target and components, without tedious separation works. Therefore, these new tools can reduce the time and cost of the drug discovery process and accelerate the development of more effective and better-targeted therapeutic agents.
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Key Words
- AAs, amaryllidaceous alkaloids
- ABCA1, ATP-binding cassette transporter A1
- ACE, affinity capillary electrophoresis
- APTES, 3-aminopropyl-triethoxysilane
- ASMS, affinity selection mass spectrometry
- Active components
- Bioaffinity techniques
- CMC, Cell membrane chromatography
- CMMCNTs, Cell membrane magnetic carbon nanotube
- CMSP, Cell membrane stationary phase
- CNT, carbon nanotubes
- ChE, cholesterol efflux
- EGFR, epidermal growth factor receptor
- FP, fluorescence polarization
- Fe3O4–NH2, aminated magnetic nanoparticles
- HCS, high content screen
- HTS, high throughout screen
- HUVEC, human umbilical vein endothelial cells
- IMER, immobilized enzyme microreactor
- MAO-B, monoamine oxidases B
- MNP, immobilized on nanoparticles
- MPTS, 3-mercaptopropyl-trimethoxysilane
- MS, mass spectrometry
- MSPE, magnetic solid-phase extraction
- Natural products
- PD, Parkinson's disease
- PMG, physcion-8-O-β-d-monoglucoside
- RGD, arginine-glycine-aspartic acid
- SPR, surface plasmon resonance
- STAT3, signal transducer and activator of transcription 3
- Screening
- TCMs, traditional Chinese medicines
- TYR, tyrosinase
- TYR-MNPs, tyrosinase-immobilized magnetic nanoparticles
- Topo I, topoisomerase I
- UF, affinity ultrafiltration
- XOD, xanthine oxidase
- α1A-AR, α1A-adrenergic receptor
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Abbaszadeh F, Fakhri S, Khan H. Targeting apoptosis and autophagy following spinal cord injury: Therapeutic approaches to polyphenols and candidate phytochemicals. Pharmacol Res 2020; 160:105069. [PMID: 32652198 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.105069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Revised: 06/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a neurological disorder associated with the loss of sensory and motor function. Understanding the precise dysregulated signaling pathways, especially apoptosis and autophagy following SCI, is of vital importance in developing innovative therapeutic targets and treatments. The present study lies in the fact that it reveals the precise dysregulated signaling mediators of apoptotic and autophagic pathways following SCI and also examines the effects of polyphenols and other candidate phytochemicals. It provides new insights to develop new treatments for post-SCI complications. Accordingly, a comprehensive review was conducted using electronic databases including, Scopus, Web of Science, PubMed, and Medline, along with the authors' expertise in apoptosis and autophagy as well as their knowledge about the effects of polyphenols and other phytochemicals on SCI pathogenesis. The primary mechanical injury to spinal cord is followed by a secondary cascade of apoptosis and autophagy that play critical roles during SCI. In terms of pharmacological mechanisms, caspases, Bax/Bcl-2, TNF-α, and JAK/STAT in apoptosis along with LC3 and Beclin-1 in autophagy have shown a close interconnection with the inflammatory pathways mainly glutamatergic, PI3K/Akt/mTOR, ERK/MAPK, and other cross-linked mediators. Besides, apoptotic pathways have been shown to regulate autophagy mediators and vice versa. Prevailing evidence has highlighted the importance of modulating these signaling mediators/pathways by polyphenols and other candidate phytochemicals post-SCI. The present review provides dysregulated signaling mediators and therapeutic targets of apoptotic and autophagic pathways following SCI, focusing on the modulatory effects of polyphenols and other potential phytochemical candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Abbaszadeh
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medical Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Neurobiology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sajad Fakhri
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah 6734667149, Iran.
| | - Haroon Khan
- Department of Pharmacy, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, 23200, Pakistan.
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Triptolide impairs genome integrity by directly blocking the enzymatic activity of DNA-PKcs in human cells. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 129:110427. [PMID: 32574974 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Revised: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Triptolide is a multi-functional natural small molecular compound extracted from a traditional Chinese medicinal herb. Triptolide and its derivatives exhibit cytotoxicity through inducing DNA damage, therefore increasing sensitivity to DNA-damage based chemotherapy or radiotherapy in different types of cells. However, the regulatory mechanism of genotoxicity by triptolide, and the loss of genome integrity induced by triptolide are not fully understood. Here, we measured the effects of triptolide on genome integrity in a human fibroblast line HCA2-hTERT using the neutral comet assay. We demonstrated that treating cells with triptolide induced genomic instability in HCA2-hTERT cells. Furthermore, we observed the accumulation of γH2AX foci in triptolide treated cells than control cells at 24 h post ionizing radiation. Further mechanistic studies indicated that triptolide inhibited the enzymatic activity of DNA-PKcs, the critical nonhomologous end joining factor. In vitro kinase activity assays showed that triptolide suppressed the kinase activity of DNA-PKcs and molecular docking also predicted a potential interaction between triptolide and DNA-PKcs. As a consequence, we found that triptolide treatment enhanced the interaction between DNA-PKcs and KU80 and hampered the following recruitment of 53BP1. Altogether, our finding provides a new perspective about the toxicity of triptolide in non-cancer cells and highlights the necessity of taking genome effects of triptolide and its derivatives into consideration in the future clinical and research applications.
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Luo H, Vong CT, Chen H, Gao Y, Lyu P, Qiu L, Zhao M, Liu Q, Cheng Z, Zou J, Yao P, Gao C, Wei J, Ung COL, Wang S, Zhong Z, Wang Y. Naturally occurring anti-cancer compounds: shining from Chinese herbal medicine. Chin Med 2019; 14:48. [PMID: 31719837 PMCID: PMC6836491 DOI: 10.1186/s13020-019-0270-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 263] [Impact Index Per Article: 52.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Numerous natural products originated from Chinese herbal medicine exhibit anti-cancer activities, including anti-proliferative, pro-apoptotic, anti-metastatic, anti-angiogenic effects, as well as regulate autophagy, reverse multidrug resistance, balance immunity, and enhance chemotherapy in vitro and in vivo. To provide new insights into the critical path ahead, we systemically reviewed the most recent advances (reported since 2011) on the key compounds with anti-cancer effects derived from Chinese herbal medicine (curcumin, epigallocatechin gallate, berberine, artemisinin, ginsenoside Rg3, ursolic acid, silibinin, emodin, triptolide, cucurbitacin B, tanshinone I, oridonin, shikonin, gambogic acid, artesunate, wogonin, β-elemene, and cepharanthine) in scientific databases (PubMed, Web of Science, Medline, Scopus, and Clinical Trials). With a broader perspective, we focused on their recently discovered and/or investigated pharmacological effects, novel mechanism of action, relevant clinical studies, and their innovative applications in combined therapy and immunomodulation. In addition, the present review has extended to describe other promising compounds including dihydroartemisinin, ginsenoside Rh2, compound K, cucurbitacins D, E, I, tanshinone IIA and cryptotanshinone in view of their potentials in cancer therapy. Up to now, the evidence about the immunomodulatory effects and clinical trials of natural anti-cancer compounds from Chinese herbal medicine is very limited, and further research is needed to monitor their immunoregulatory effects and explore their mechanisms of action as modulators of immune checkpoints.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Luo
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, University of Macau, Macao, China
| | - Chi Teng Vong
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, University of Macau, Macao, China
| | - Hanbin Chen
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, University of Macau, Macao, China
| | - Yan Gao
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, University of Macau, Macao, China
| | - Peng Lyu
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, University of Macau, Macao, China
| | - Ling Qiu
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, University of Macau, Macao, China
| | - Mingming Zhao
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, University of Macau, Macao, China
| | - Qiao Liu
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, University of Macau, Macao, China
| | - Zehua Cheng
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, University of Macau, Macao, China
| | - Jian Zou
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, University of Macau, Macao, China
| | - Peifen Yao
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, University of Macau, Macao, China
| | - Caifang Gao
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, University of Macau, Macao, China
| | - Jinchao Wei
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, University of Macau, Macao, China
| | - Carolina Oi Lam Ung
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, University of Macau, Macao, China
| | - Shengpeng Wang
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, University of Macau, Macao, China
| | - Zhangfeng Zhong
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, University of Macau, Macao, China
| | - Yitao Wang
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, University of Macau, Macao, China
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11
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Noel P, Von Hoff DD, Saluja AK, Velagapudi M, Borazanci E, Han H. Triptolide and Its Derivatives as Cancer Therapies. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2019; 40:327-341. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2019.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2018] [Revised: 02/15/2019] [Accepted: 03/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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12
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Yang YQ, Yan XT, Wang K, Tian RM, Lu ZY, Wu LL, Xu HT, Wu YS, Liu XS, Mao W, Xu P, Liu B. Triptriolide Alleviates Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Liver Injury by Nrf2 and NF-κB Signaling Pathways. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:999. [PMID: 30210350 PMCID: PMC6124152 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2018] [Accepted: 08/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Nrf2 (Nuclear Factor Erythroid 2 Related Factor 2) transcription factor not only regulates oxidative stress response, but also represses inflammation by regulating cytokines production and cross-talking with NF-κB signaling pathways. Nrf2 plays an essential role in liver injury induced by oxidative stress and inflammation. Triptriolide (T11) is a minor component of Tripterygium wilfordii Hook F. (TwHF), which can be obtained by hydrolysis reaction of triptolide (T9). The major purpose of this study is to clarify the regulating effects of T11 on oxidative stress and inflammation in vivo and in vitro. LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells were used to verify the regulating effects of T11 on oxidative stress (ROS and Nrf2 signaling pathway) and inflammatory cytokines production (TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β). The antioxidant responsive element (ARE) luciferase assay was employed to evaluate Nrf2 activation effect of T11 in HEK-293T cells. Lipopolysaccharides (LPS) induced acute liver injury (ALI) in BALB/c mice were used to study the protective effects (ALT, AST, MDA, SOD, histopathology and neutrophils/macrophages filtration) and the underlying protection mechanisms of ALI amelioration (Nrf2 and NF-κB signaling pathway) of T11. Firstly, the results showed that T11 can not only effectively decrease the productions of inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β), ROS and NO in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells, but also further significantly increase the activity of Nrf2 in HEK-293T cells. Secondly, the results suggested that T11 could dramatically decrease the oxidative stress responses (SOD and MDA) and inflammation (histopathology, neutrophils/macrophages filtration, TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β production) in LPS-induced ALI in BALB/c mice. Finally, the results implied that T11 could dramatically increase Nrf2 protein expression and decrease p-TAK1, p-IκBα and NF-κB protein expression both in vivo and in vitro. In conclusion, our findings indicated that T11 could alleviate LPS induced oxidative stress and inflammation by regulating Nrf2 and NF-κB signaling pathways in vitro and in vivo, which offers a novel insights for the application of TwHF in clinical.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Qi Yang
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Teng Yan
- Affiliated Huai'an Hospital, Xuzhou Medical University, Huai'an, China
| | - Kai Wang
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Rui-Min Tian
- Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhao-Yu Lu
- Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Li-Lan Wu
- Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hong-Tao Xu
- Shanghai Institute for Advanced Immunochemical Studies, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yun-Shan Wu
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xu-Sheng Liu
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei Mao
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Peng Xu
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bo Liu
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
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Huang H, Zhang G, Zhou Y, Lin C, Chen S, Lin Y, Mai S, Huang Z. Reverse Screening Methods to Search for the Protein Targets of Chemopreventive Compounds. Front Chem 2018; 6:138. [PMID: 29868550 PMCID: PMC5954125 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2018.00138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2018] [Accepted: 04/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This article is a systematic review of reverse screening methods used to search for the protein targets of chemopreventive compounds or drugs. Typical chemopreventive compounds include components of traditional Chinese medicine, natural compounds and Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved drugs. Such compounds are somewhat selective but are predisposed to bind multiple protein targets distributed throughout diverse signaling pathways in human cells. In contrast to conventional virtual screening, which identifies the ligands of a targeted protein from a compound database, reverse screening is used to identify the potential targets or unintended targets of a given compound from a large number of receptors by examining their known ligands or crystal structures. This method, also known as in silico or computational target fishing, is highly valuable for discovering the target receptors of query molecules from terrestrial or marine natural products, exploring the molecular mechanisms of chemopreventive compounds, finding alternative indications of existing drugs by drug repositioning, and detecting adverse drug reactions and drug toxicity. Reverse screening can be divided into three major groups: shape screening, pharmacophore screening and reverse docking. Several large software packages, such as Schrödinger and Discovery Studio; typical software/network services such as ChemMapper, PharmMapper, idTarget, and INVDOCK; and practical databases of known target ligands and receptor crystal structures, such as ChEMBL, BindingDB, and the Protein Data Bank (PDB), are available for use in these computational methods. Different programs, online services and databases have different applications and constraints. Here, we conducted a systematic analysis and multilevel classification of the computational programs, online services and compound libraries available for shape screening, pharmacophore screening and reverse docking to enable non-specialist users to quickly learn and grasp the types of calculations used in protein target fishing. In addition, we review the main features of these methods, programs and databases and provide a variety of examples illustrating the application of one or a combination of reverse screening methods for accurate target prediction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongbin Huang
- Key Laboratory for Medical Molecular Diagnostics of Guangdong Province, Dongguan Scientific Research Center, Guangdong Medical University Dongguan, China.,The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Guangdong Medical University Dongguan, China
| | - Guigui Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Medical Molecular Diagnostics of Guangdong Province, Dongguan Scientific Research Center, Guangdong Medical University Dongguan, China.,School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University Dongguan, China
| | - Yuquan Zhou
- Key Laboratory for Medical Molecular Diagnostics of Guangdong Province, Dongguan Scientific Research Center, Guangdong Medical University Dongguan, China.,The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Guangdong Medical University Dongguan, China
| | - Chenru Lin
- Key Laboratory for Medical Molecular Diagnostics of Guangdong Province, Dongguan Scientific Research Center, Guangdong Medical University Dongguan, China.,School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University Dongguan, China
| | - Suling Chen
- Key Laboratory for Medical Molecular Diagnostics of Guangdong Province, Dongguan Scientific Research Center, Guangdong Medical University Dongguan, China.,The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Guangdong Medical University Dongguan, China
| | - Yutong Lin
- Key Laboratory for Medical Molecular Diagnostics of Guangdong Province, Dongguan Scientific Research Center, Guangdong Medical University Dongguan, China.,School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University Dongguan, China
| | - Shangkang Mai
- Key Laboratory for Medical Molecular Diagnostics of Guangdong Province, Dongguan Scientific Research Center, Guangdong Medical University Dongguan, China.,The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Guangdong Medical University Dongguan, China
| | - Zunnan Huang
- Key Laboratory for Medical Molecular Diagnostics of Guangdong Province, Dongguan Scientific Research Center, Guangdong Medical University Dongguan, China.,School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University Dongguan, China
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Chen SR, Dai Y, Zhao J, Lin L, Wang Y, Wang Y. A Mechanistic Overview of Triptolide and Celastrol, Natural Products from Tripterygium wilfordii Hook F. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:104. [PMID: 29491837 PMCID: PMC5817256 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 194] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2017] [Accepted: 01/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Triptolide and celastrol are predominantly active natural products isolated from the medicinal plant Tripterygium wilfordii Hook F. These compounds exhibit similar pharmacological activities, including anti-cancer, anti-inflammation, anti-obesity, and anti-diabetic activities. Triptolide and celastrol also provide neuroprotection and prevent cardiovascular and metabolic diseases. However, toxicity restricts the further development of triptolide and celastrol. In this review, we comprehensively review therapeutic targets and mechanisms of action, and translational study of triptolide and celastrol. We systemically discuss the structure-activity-relationship of triptolide, celastrol, and their derivatives. Furthermore, we propose the use of structural derivatives, targeted therapy, and combination treatment as possible solutions to reduce toxicity and increase therapeutic window of these potent natural products from T. wilfordii Hook F.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shao-Ru Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine and Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China
| | - Yan Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine and Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China
| | - Jing Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine and Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China
| | - Ligen Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine and Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China
| | - Yitao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine and Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China
| | - Ying Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine and Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China
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