1
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Graziotto ME, Kidman CJ, Adair LD, James SA, Harris HH, New EJ. Towards multimodal cellular imaging: optical and X-ray fluorescence. Chem Soc Rev 2023; 52:8295-8318. [PMID: 37910139 DOI: 10.1039/d3cs00509g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
Imaging techniques permit the study of the molecular interactions that underlie health and disease. Each imaging technique collects unique chemical information about the cellular environment. Multimodal imaging, using a single probe that can be detected by multiple imaging modalities, can maximise the information extracted from a single cellular sample by combining the results of different imaging techniques. Of particular interest in biological imaging is the combination of the specificity and sensitivity of optical fluorescence microscopy (OFM) with the quantitative and element-specific nature of X-ray fluorescence microscopy (XFM). Together, these techniques give a greater understanding of how native elements or therapeutics affect the cellular environment. This review focuses on recent studies where both techniques were used in conjunction to study cellular systems, demonstrating the breadth of biological models to which this combination of techniques can be applied and the potential for these techniques to unlock untapped knowledge of disease states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcus E Graziotto
- School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia.
| | - Clinton J Kidman
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5005, Australia
| | - Liam D Adair
- School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia.
- Sydney Nano Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Innovations in Peptide and Protein Science, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Simon A James
- Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation, Clayton, Victoria, 3168, Australia
| | - Hugh H Harris
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5005, Australia
| | - Elizabeth J New
- School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia.
- Sydney Nano Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Innovations in Peptide and Protein Science, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
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2
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Kirtani DU, Ghatpande NS, Suryavanshi KR, Kulkarni PP, Kumbhar AA. Fluorescent Copper(II) Complexes of Asymmetric Bis(Thiosemicarbazone)s: Electrochemistry, Cellular Uptake and Antiproliferative Activity. ChemistrySelect 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202101663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Deepti U. Kirtani
- Department of Chemistry Savitribai Phule Pune University Ganeshkhind Road Pune 411007 India
| | - Niraj S. Ghatpande
- Bioprospecting Group Agharkar Research Institute Gopal Ganesh Agarkar Road Pune 411004 India
| | - Komal R. Suryavanshi
- Bioprospecting Group Agharkar Research Institute Gopal Ganesh Agarkar Road Pune 411004 India
| | - Prasad P. Kulkarni
- Bioprospecting Group Agharkar Research Institute Gopal Ganesh Agarkar Road Pune 411004 India
| | - Anupa A. Kumbhar
- Department of Chemistry Savitribai Phule Pune University Ganeshkhind Road Pune 411007 India
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3
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Hackett MJ, Hollings A, Caine S, Bewer BE, Alaverdashvili M, Takechi R, Mamo JCL, Jones MWM, de Jonge MD, Paterson PG, Pickering IJ, George GN. Elemental characterisation of the pyramidal neuron layer within the rat and mouse hippocampus. Metallomics 2020; 11:151-165. [PMID: 30398510 DOI: 10.1039/c8mt00230d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
A unique combination of sensitivity, resolution, and penetration make X-ray fluorescence imaging (XFI) ideally suited to investigate trace elemental distributions in the biological context. XFI has gained widespread use as an analytical technique in the biological sciences, and in particular enables exciting new avenues of research in the field of neuroscience. In this study, elemental mapping by XFI was applied to characterise the elemental content within neuronal cell layers of hippocampal sub-regions of mice and rats. Although classical histochemical methods for metal detection exist, such approaches are typically limited to qualitative analysis. Specifically, histochemical methods are not uniformly sensitive to all chemical forms of a metal, often displaying variable sensitivity to specific "pools" or chemical forms of a metal. In addition, histochemical methods require fixation and extensive chemical treatment of samples, creating the strong likelihood for metal redistribution, leaching, or contamination. Direct quantitative elemental mapping of total elemental pools, in situ within ex vivo tissue sections, without the need for chemical fixation or addition of staining reagents is not possible with traditional histochemical methods; however, such a capability, which is provided by XFI, can offer an enormous analytical advantage. The results we report herein demonstrate the analytical advantage of XFI elemental mapping for direct, label-free metal quantification, in situ within ex vivo brain tissue sections. Specifically, we definitively characterise for the first time, the abundance of Fe within the pyramidal cell layers of the hippocampus. Localisation of Fe to this cell layer is not reproducibly achieved with classical Perls histochemical Fe stains. The ability of XFI to directly quantify neuronal elemental (P, S, Cl, K, Ca, Fe, Cu, Zn) distributions, revealed unique profiles of Fe and Zn within anatomical sub-regions of the hippocampus i.e., cornu ammonis 1, 2 or 3 (CA1, CA2 or CA3) sub-regions. Interestingly, our study reveals a unique Fe gradient across neuron populations within the non-degenerating and pathology free rat hippocampus, which curiously mirrors the pattern of region-specific vulnerability of the hippocampus that has previously been established to occur in various neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Hackett
- Curtin Institute for Functional Molecules and Interfaces, School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Curtin University, GPOBox U1987, Bentley, WA 6845, Australia.
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4
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Hartnell D, Gillespie-Jones K, Ciornei C, Hollings A, Thomas A, Harrild E, Reinhardt J, Paterson DJ, Alwis D, Rajan R, Hackett MJ. Characterization of Ionic and Lipid Gradients within Corpus Callosum White Matter after Diffuse Traumatic Brain Injury in the Rat. ACS Chem Neurosci 2020; 11:248-257. [PMID: 31850738 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.9b00257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
There is increased recognition of the effects of diffuse traumatic brain injury (dTBI), which can initiate yet unknown biochemical cascades, resulting in delayed secondary brain degeneration and long-term neurological sequela. There is limited availability of therapies that minimize the effect of secondary brain damage on the quality of life of people who have suffered TBI, many of which were otherwise healthy adults. Understanding the cascade of biochemical events initiated in specific brain regions in the acute phase of dTBI and how this spreads into adjacent brain structures may provide the necessary insight into drive development of improved therapies. In this study, we have used direct biochemical imaging techniques (Fourier transform infrared spectroscopic imaging) and elemental mapping (X-ray fluorescence microscopy) to characterize biochemical and elemental alterations that occur in corpus callosum white matter in the acute phase of dTBI. The results provide direct visualization of differential biochemical and ionic changes that occur in the highly vulnerable medial corpus callosum white matter relative to the less vulnerable lateral regions of the corpus callosum. Specifically, the results suggest that altered ionic gradients manifest within mechanically damaged medial corpus callosum, potentially spreading to and inducing lipid alterations to white matter structures in lateral brain regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Hartnell
- Curtin Institute for Functional Molecules and Interfaces, School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia 6845
- Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Perth, AUS 6102
| | - Kate Gillespie-Jones
- Neuroscience Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Physiology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia 3168
| | - Cristina Ciornei
- Neuroscience Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Physiology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia 3168
| | - Ashley Hollings
- Curtin Institute for Functional Molecules and Interfaces, School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia 6845
- Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Perth, AUS 6102
| | - Alexander Thomas
- Curtin Institute for Functional Molecules and Interfaces, School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia 6845
- Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Perth, AUS 6102
| | - Elizabeth Harrild
- Curtin Institute for Functional Molecules and Interfaces, School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia 6845
- Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Perth, AUS 6102
| | - Juliane Reinhardt
- Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation, 800 Blackburn Road, Clayton, Victoria, Australia 3168
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, ARC Centre of Excellence for Advanced Molecular Imaging, Institute for Molecular Sciences, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia 3086
| | - David J. Paterson
- Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation, 800 Blackburn Road, Clayton, Victoria, Australia 3168
| | - Dasuni Alwis
- Neuroscience Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Physiology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia 3168
| | - Ramesh Rajan
- Neuroscience Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Physiology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia 3168
| | - Mark J. Hackett
- Curtin Institute for Functional Molecules and Interfaces, School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia 6845
- Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Perth, AUS 6102
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5
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Wang Y, Li H, Sun H. Metalloproteomics for Unveiling the Mechanism of Action of Metallodrugs. Inorg Chem 2019; 58:13673-13685. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.9b01199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuchuan Wang
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hongyan Li
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hongzhe Sun
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, People’s Republic of China
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6
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Choo XY, Liddell JR, Huuskonen MT, Grubman A, Moujalled D, Roberts J, Kysenius K, Patten L, Quek H, Oikari LE, Duncan C, James SA, McInnes LE, Hayne DJ, Donnelly PS, Pollari E, Vähätalo S, Lejavová K, Kettunen MI, Malm T, Koistinaho J, White AR, Kanninen KM. Cu II(atsm) Attenuates Neuroinflammation. Front Neurosci 2018; 12:668. [PMID: 30319344 PMCID: PMC6165894 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2018.00668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2018] [Accepted: 09/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Neuroinflammation and biometal dyshomeostasis are key pathological features of several neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Inflammation and biometals are linked at the molecular level through regulation of metal buffering proteins such as the metallothioneins. Even though the molecular connections between metals and inflammation have been demonstrated, little information exists on the effect of copper modulation on brain inflammation. Methods: We demonstrate the immunomodulatory potential of the copper bis(thiosemicarbazone) complex CuII(atsm) in an neuroinflammatory model in vivo and describe its anti-inflammatory effects on microglia and astrocytes in vitro. Results: By using a sophisticated in vivo magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) approach, we report the efficacy of CuII(atsm) in reducing acute cerebrovascular inflammation caused by peripheral administration of bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS). CuII(atsm) also induced anti-inflammatory outcomes in primary microglia [significant reductions in nitric oxide (NO), monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1), and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)] and astrocytes [significantly reduced NO, MCP-1, and interleukin 6 (IL-6)] in vitro. These anti-inflammatory actions were associated with increased cellular copper levels and increased the neuroprotective protein metallothionein-1 (MT1) in microglia and astrocytes. Conclusion: The beneficial effects of CuII(atsm) on the neuroimmune system suggest copper complexes are potential therapeutics for the treatment of neuroinflammatory conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Yi Choo
- Department of Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Jeffrey R Liddell
- Department of Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Mikko T Huuskonen
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Alexandra Grubman
- Department of Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Diane Moujalled
- Department of Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Jessica Roberts
- Department of Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Kai Kysenius
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Lauren Patten
- Department of Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Hazel Quek
- Cell and Molecular Biology, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Lotta E Oikari
- Cell and Molecular Biology, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Clare Duncan
- Department of Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Simon A James
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Australian Synchrotron, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Lachlan E McInnes
- School of Chemistry, Bio21 Institute for Molecular Science and Biotechnology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - David J Hayne
- School of Chemistry, Bio21 Institute for Molecular Science and Biotechnology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Paul S Donnelly
- School of Chemistry, Bio21 Institute for Molecular Science and Biotechnology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Eveliina Pollari
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Suvi Vähätalo
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Katarína Lejavová
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Mikko I Kettunen
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Tarja Malm
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Jari Koistinaho
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.,Neuroscience Center, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Anthony R White
- Department of Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Cell and Molecular Biology, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Katja M Kanninen
- Department of Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
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7
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Zhang R, Li L, Sultanbawa Y, Xu ZP. X-ray fluorescence imaging of metals and metalloids in biological systems. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MEDICINE AND MOLECULAR IMAGING 2018; 8:169-188. [PMID: 30042869 PMCID: PMC6056246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2016] [Accepted: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Metals and metalloids play fundamental roles in many physiological processes in biological systems, but imbalance of these elements in the body may cause many diseases, such as Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, and even cancers. Thus, to better understand the metallome in health and disease, quantitative determination of their localization, concentration, speciation, and related metabolism at cellular or subcellular levels is of great importance. X-ray fluorescence (XRF) imaging, as a new generation of analytical technique, has been reported as an ideal tool to quantitatively map multiple metals and metalloids in tissues with reasonable sensitivity, specificity, and resolution. In the current review, we have introduced the general concept of XRF imaging technique, reviewed the recent advances using XRF imaging to investigate toxicology of metals and metalloids in life science, and discussed the roles of metals and metalloids in various diseases, including cancers and neurodegenerative diseases. We believe that future research on revealing the roles of metals and metalloids in biological systems will directly benefit from the important breakthroughs in developing XRF imaging techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Run Zhang
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of QueenslandSt Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Li Li
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of QueenslandSt Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Yasmina Sultanbawa
- Centre for Nutrition and Food Sciences, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of QueenslandCoopers Plains, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Zhi Ping Xu
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of QueenslandSt Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
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8
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Acevedo KM, Hayne DJ, McInnes LE, Noor A, Duncan C, Moujalled D, Volitakis I, Rigopoulos A, Barnham KJ, Villemagne VL, White AR, Donnelly PS. Effect of Structural Modifications to Glyoxal-bis(thiosemicarbazonato)copper(II) Complexes on Cellular Copper Uptake, Copper-Mediated ATP7A Trafficking, and P-Glycoprotein Mediated Efflux. J Med Chem 2018; 61:711-723. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.7b01158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Angela Rigopoulos
- Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, Heidelberg, Victoria 3084, Australia
| | | | - Victor L. Villemagne
- Centre for PET, Department of Molecular Imaging & Therapy, Austin Health, 145 Studley Road, Heidelberg, Victoria 3084, Australia
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9
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New EJ, Wimmer VC, Hare DJ. Promises and Pitfalls of Metal Imaging in Biology. Cell Chem Biol 2017; 25:7-18. [PMID: 29153850 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2017.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2017] [Revised: 06/02/2017] [Accepted: 10/18/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
A picture may speak a thousand words, but if those words fail to form a coherent sentence there is little to be learned. As cutting-edge imaging technology now provides us the tools to decipher the multitude of roles played by metals and metalloids in molecular, cellular, and developmental biology, as well as health and disease, it is time to reflect on the advances made in imaging, the limitations discovered, and the future of a burgeoning field. In this Perspective, the current state of the art is discussed from a self-imposed contrarian position, as we not only highlight the major advances made over the years but use them as teachable moments to zoom in on challenges that remain to be overcome. We also describe the steps being taken toward being able to paint a completely undisturbed picture of cellular metal metabolism, which is, metaphorically speaking, the Holy Grail of the discipline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth J New
- School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Verena C Wimmer
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Dominic J Hare
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia; Elemental Bio-imaging Facility, University of Technology Sydney, Broadway, NSW 2007, Australia; Department of Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia.
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10
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Grubman A, Guennel P, Vessey KA, Jones MWM, James SA, de Jonge MD, White AR, Fletcher EL. X-ray fluorescence microscopic measurement of elemental distribution in the mouse retina with age. Metallomics 2017; 8:1110-1121. [PMID: 27481440 DOI: 10.1039/c6mt00055j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The biologically important metals such as zinc, copper and iron play key roles in retinal function, yet no study has mapped the spatio-temporal distribution of retinal biometals in healthy or diseased retina. We investigated a natural mouse model of retinal degeneration, the Cln6nclf mouse. As dysfunctional metabolism of biometals is observed in the brains of these animals and deregulated metal homeostasis has been linked to retinal degeneration, we focused on mapping the elemental distribution in the healthy and Cln6nclf mouse retina with age. Retinal and RPE elemental homeostasis was mapped in Cln6nclf and C57BL6/J mice from 1 to 8 months of age using X-ray Fluorescence Microscopy at the Australian Synchrotron. In the healthy retina, we detected a progressive loss of phosphorus in the outer nuclear layer and significant reduction in iron in the inner segments of the photoreceptors. Further investigation revealed a unique elemental signature for each retinal layer, with high areal concentrations of iron and sulfur in the photoreceptor segments and calcium, phosphorus, zinc and potassium enrichment predominantly in the nuclear layers. The analysis of retinae from Cln6nclf mice did not show significant temporal changes in elemental distributions compared to age matched controls, despite significant photoreceptor cell loss. Our data therefore demonstrates that retinal layers have unique elemental composition. Elemental distribution is, with few exceptions, stably maintained over time in healthy and Cln6nclf mouse retina, suggesting conservation of elemental distribution is critical for basic retinal function with age and is not modulated by processes underlying retinal degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Grubman
- Department of Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Philipp Guennel
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Kirstan A Vessey
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Michael W M Jones
- Australian Synchrotron, Clayton, Victoria, Australia and ARC Centre of Excellence for Advanced Molecular Imaging, La Trobe University, Victoria, Australia
| | - Simon A James
- Australian Synchrotron, Clayton, Victoria, Australia and The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Martin D de Jonge
- Australian Synchrotron, Clayton, Victoria, Australia and ARC Centre of Excellence for Advanced Molecular Imaging, La Trobe University, Victoria, Australia
| | - Anthony R White
- Department of Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia and The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia and A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, Department of Neurobiology, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Erica L Fletcher
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
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11
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Summers KL, Fimognari N, Hollings A, Kiernan M, Lam V, Tidy RJ, Paterson D, Tobin MJ, Takechi R, George GN, Pickering IJ, Mamo JC, Harris HH, Hackett MJ. A Multimodal Spectroscopic Imaging Method To Characterize the Metal and Macromolecular Content of Proteinaceous Aggregates (“Amyloid Plaques”). Biochemistry 2017; 56:4107-4116. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.7b00262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kelly L. Summers
- Molecular
and Environmental Sciences Group, Department of Geological Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, 114 Science Place, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5E2, Canada
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Saskatchewan, 110 Science Place, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5C9, Canada
| | - Nicholas Fimognari
- School
of Biomedical Sciences, Curtin University, Bentley, Western Australia 6102, Australia
- Curtin
Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Bentley, Western Australia 6102, Australia
| | - Ashley Hollings
- Curtin
Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Bentley, Western Australia 6102, Australia
- Department
of Chemistry, Curtin University, GPO Box U1987, Bentley, Western Australia 6845, Australia
- Curtin Institute
of Functional Molecules and Interfaces, Curtin University, Bentley, Western Australia 6845, Australia
| | - Mitchell Kiernan
- Curtin
Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Bentley, Western Australia 6102, Australia
- Department
of Chemistry, Curtin University, GPO Box U1987, Bentley, Western Australia 6845, Australia
- Curtin Institute
of Functional Molecules and Interfaces, Curtin University, Bentley, Western Australia 6845, Australia
| | - Virginie Lam
- Curtin
Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Bentley, Western Australia 6102, Australia
- School of
Public Health, Curtin University, Bentley, Western Australia 6102, Australia
| | - Rebecca J. Tidy
- Curtin
Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Bentley, Western Australia 6102, Australia
- Department
of Chemistry, Curtin University, GPO Box U1987, Bentley, Western Australia 6845, Australia
- Curtin Institute
of Functional Molecules and Interfaces, Curtin University, Bentley, Western Australia 6845, Australia
| | - David Paterson
- Australian Synchrotron, Clayton, Victoria 3068, Australia
| | - Mark J. Tobin
- Australian Synchrotron, Clayton, Victoria 3068, Australia
| | - Ryu Takechi
- Curtin
Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Bentley, Western Australia 6102, Australia
- School of
Public Health, Curtin University, Bentley, Western Australia 6102, Australia
| | - Graham N. George
- Molecular
and Environmental Sciences Group, Department of Geological Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, 114 Science Place, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5E2, Canada
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Saskatchewan, 110 Science Place, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5C9, Canada
| | - Ingrid J. Pickering
- Molecular
and Environmental Sciences Group, Department of Geological Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, 114 Science Place, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5E2, Canada
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Saskatchewan, 110 Science Place, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5C9, Canada
| | - John C. Mamo
- Curtin
Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Bentley, Western Australia 6102, Australia
- School of
Public Health, Curtin University, Bentley, Western Australia 6102, Australia
| | - Hugh H. Harris
- Department
of Chemistry, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia
| | - Mark J. Hackett
- Curtin
Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Bentley, Western Australia 6102, Australia
- Department
of Chemistry, Curtin University, GPO Box U1987, Bentley, Western Australia 6845, Australia
- Curtin Institute
of Functional Molecules and Interfaces, Curtin University, Bentley, Western Australia 6845, Australia
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12
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Rouzière S, Bazin D, Daudon M. In-lab X-ray fluorescence and diffraction techniques for pathological calcifications. CR CHIM 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.crci.2015.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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13
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Jin Q, Paunesku T, Lai B, Gleber SC, Chen SI, Finney L, Vine D, Vogt S, Woloschak G, Jacobsen C. Preserving elemental content in adherent mammalian cells for analysis by synchrotron-based x-ray fluorescence microscopy. J Microsc 2016; 265:81-93. [PMID: 27580164 PMCID: PMC5217071 DOI: 10.1111/jmi.12466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2016] [Revised: 07/11/2016] [Accepted: 08/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Trace metals play important roles in biological function, and x-ray fluorescence microscopy (XFM) provides a way to quantitatively image their distribution within cells. The faithfulness of these measurements is dependent on proper sample preparation. Using mouse embryonic fibroblast NIH/3T3 cells as an example, we compare various approaches to the preparation of adherent mammalian cells for XFM imaging under ambient temperature. Direct side-by-side comparison shows that plunge-freezing-based cryoimmobilization provides more faithful preservation than conventional chemical fixation for most biologically important elements including P, S, Cl, K, Fe, Cu, Zn and possibly Ca in adherent mammalian cells. Although cells rinsed with fresh media had a great deal of extracellular background signal for Cl and Ca, this approach maintained cells at the best possible physiological status before rapid freezing and it does not interfere with XFM analysis of other elements. If chemical fixation has to be chosen, the combination of 3% paraformaldehyde and 1.5 % glutaraldehyde preserves S, Fe, Cu and Zn better than either fixative alone. When chemically fixed cells were subjected to a variety of dehydration processes, air drying was proved to be more suitable than other drying methods such as graded ethanol dehydration and freeze drying. This first detailed comparison for x-ray fluorescence microscopy shows how detailed quantitative conclusions can be affected by the choice of cell preparation method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiaoling Jin
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, Weinberg College of Arts and Sciences, Evanston, Illinois, U.S.A
| | - Tatjana Paunesku
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, U.S.A
| | - Barry Lai
- Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois, U.S.A
| | | | - S I Chen
- Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois, U.S.A
| | - Lydia Finney
- Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois, U.S.A
| | - David Vine
- Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois, U.S.A
| | - Stefan Vogt
- Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois, U.S.A
| | - Gayle Woloschak
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, U.S.A
| | - Chris Jacobsen
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, Weinberg College of Arts and Sciences, Evanston, Illinois, U.S.A.,Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois, U.S.A
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14
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Richards CD, Burke R. A fly's eye view of zinc homeostasis: Novel insights into the genetic control of zinc metabolism from Drosophila. Arch Biochem Biophys 2016; 611:142-149. [PMID: 27453039 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2016.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2016] [Revised: 07/08/2016] [Accepted: 07/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The core zinc transport machinery is well conserved between invertebrates and mammals, with the vinegar fly Drosophila melanogaster having clear homologues of all major groups of mammalian ZIP and ZNT transport genes. Functional characterization of several of the fly genes has revealed functional conservation between related fly and mammalian zinc transporters in some but not all cases, indicating that Drosophila is a useful model for examining mammalian zinc metabolism. Furthermore, Drosophila research, sometimes quite serendipitously, has provided novel insights into the function of zinc transporters and into zinc-related pathologies, which are highlighted here. Finally, the future research potential of the fly in nutrient metabolism is explored, with reference to emerging experimental technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Richard Burke
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Victoria, Australia.
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15
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Lins BR, Pushie JM, Jones M, Howard DL, Howland JG, Hackett MJ. Mapping Alterations to the Endogenous Elemental Distribution within the Lateral Ventricles and Choroid Plexus in Brain Disorders Using X-Ray Fluorescence Imaging. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0158152. [PMID: 27351594 PMCID: PMC4924862 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0158152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2016] [Accepted: 06/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The choroid plexus and cerebral ventricles are critical structures for the production of cerebral spinal fluid (CSF) and play an important role in regulating ion and metal transport in the brain, however many aspects of its roles in normal physiology and disease states, such as psychiatric illness, remain unknown. The choroid plexus is difficult to examine in vivo, and in situ ex vivo, and as such has typically been examined indirectly with radiolabeled tracers or ex vivo stains, making measurements of the endogenous K+, Cl-, and Ca+ distributions unreliable. In the present study, we directly examined the distribution of endogenous ions and biologically relevant transition metals in the choroid plexus and regions surrounding the ventricles (ventricle wall, cortex, corpus callosum, striatum) using X-ray fluorescence imaging (XFI). We find that the choroid plexus was rich in Cl- and Fe while K+ levels increase further from the ventricle as Cl- levels decrease, consistent with the known role of ion transporters in the choroid plexus CSF production. A polyI:C offspring displayed enlarged ventricles, elevated Cl- surrounding the ventricles, and intraventricular calcifications. These observations fit with clinical findings in patients with schizophrenia and suggest maternal treatment with polyI:C may lead to dysfunctional ion regulation in offspring. This study demonstrates the power of XFI for examining the endogenous elemental distributions of the ventricular system in healthy brain tissue as well as disease models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brittney R. Lins
- Department of Physiology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Jake M. Pushie
- College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Michael Jones
- Australian Synchrotron, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Sciences, La Trobe University, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - John G. Howland
- Department of Physiology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Mark J. Hackett
- Department of Chemistry, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
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16
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Nalband DM, Warner BP, Zahler NH, Kirshenbaum K. Rapid identification of metal-binding peptoid oligomers by on-resin X-ray fluorescence screening. Biopolymers 2016; 102:407-15. [PMID: 25059748 DOI: 10.1002/bip.22528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2014] [Revised: 07/17/2014] [Accepted: 07/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
N-Substituted glycine peptoid oligomers have recently attracted attention for their metal binding capabilities. Due to their efficient synthesis on solid phase, peptoids are well suited for generation of compound libraries, followed by screening for molecular recognition and other diverse functional attributes. Ideally, peptoids could be simultaneously screened for binding to a number of metal species. Here, we demonstrate the use of bench-top X-ray fluorescence (XRF) instrumentation to screen rapidly, on solid support, a library of peptoid oligomers incorporating metal-binding functionalities. A subset of the peptoid sequences exhibited significant metal binding capabilities, including a peptoid pentamer and a nonamer that were shown to selectively bind nickel. The binding capabilities were validated by colorimetric assay and by depletion of Ni(2+) ion concentration from solution, establishing bench-top XRF as a rapid, practicable high-throughput screening technique for peptoid oligomers. This protocol will facilitate discovery of metallopeptoids with unique material properties.
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17
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Imaging trace element distributions in single organelles and subcellular features. Sci Rep 2016; 6:21437. [PMID: 26911251 PMCID: PMC4766485 DOI: 10.1038/srep21437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2014] [Accepted: 01/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The distributions of chemical elements within cells are of prime importance in a wide range of basic and applied biochemical research. An example is the role of the subcellular Zn distribution in Zn homeostasis in insulin producing pancreatic beta cells and the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus. We combined transmission electron microscopy with micro- and nano-synchrotron X-ray fluorescence to image unequivocally for the first time, to the best of our knowledge, the natural elemental distributions, including those of trace elements, in single organelles and other subcellular features. Detected elements include Cl, K, Ca, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn and Cd (which some cells were supplemented with). Cell samples were prepared by a technique that minimally affects the natural elemental concentrations and distributions, and without using fluorescent indicators. It could likely be applied to all cell types and provide new biochemical insights at the single organelle level not available from organelle population level studies.
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18
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Luan B, Friedrich T, Zhai J, Streltsov VA, Lindsey BW, Kaslin J, de Jonge MD, Zhu J, Hughes TC, Hao X. A library of AuNPs modified by RAFT polymers of different charge and chain length: high throughput synthesis and synchrotron XFM imaging using a zebrafish larvae model. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra02801b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A PAuNPs library was constructed via high throughput methods and PAuNPs were visualized in PAuNPs injected zebrafish larvae by synchrotron XFM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bao Luan
- Chengdu Institute of Organic Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Chengdu 610041
- China
- Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences
| | - Timo Friedrich
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute
- Monash University
- Clayton
- Australia
| | | | | | | | - Jan Kaslin
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute
- Monash University
- Clayton
- Australia
| | | | - Jin Zhu
- Chengdu Institute of Organic Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Chengdu 610041
- China
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19
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Turnbull T, Douglass M, Paterson D, Bezak E, Thierry B, Kempson I. Relating Intercellular Variability in Nanoparticle Uptake with Biological Consequence: A Quantitative X-ray Fluorescence Study for Radiosensitization of Cells. Anal Chem 2015; 87:10693-7. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.5b03183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Tyron Turnbull
- Future
Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes
Campus, Mawson Lakes, Adelaide, South Australia 5095, Australia
| | - Michael Douglass
- Department
of Medical Physics, Royal Adelaide Hospital, North Terrace, Adelaide, South Australia 5000, Australia
- School
of Physical Sciences, University of Adelaide, North Terrace, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia
| | - David Paterson
- Australian Synchrotron, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia
| | - Eva Bezak
- School
of Physical Sciences, University of Adelaide, North Terrace, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia
- International
Centre for Allied Health Evidence and Sansom Institute for Health
Research, Division of Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia 5001, Australia
| | - Benjamin Thierry
- Future
Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes
Campus, Mawson Lakes, Adelaide, South Australia 5095, Australia
| | - Ivan Kempson
- Future
Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes
Campus, Mawson Lakes, Adelaide, South Australia 5095, Australia
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20
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Alies B, Wiener JD, Franz KJ. A prochelator peptide designed to use heterometallic cooperativity to enhance metal ion affinity. Chem Sci 2015; 6:3606-3610. [PMID: 29511523 PMCID: PMC5659173 DOI: 10.1039/c5sc00602c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2015] [Accepted: 04/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
A peptide has been designed so that its chelating affinity for one type of metal ion regulates its affinity for a second, different type of metal ion. The prochelator peptide (PCP), which is a fusion of motifs evocative of calcium loops and zinc fingers, forms a 1 : 2 Zn : peptide complex at pH 7.4 that increases its affinity for Zn2+ ∼3-fold in the presence of Tb3+ (log β2 from 13.8 to 14.3), while the 1 : 1 luminescent complex with Tb3+ is brighter, longer lived, and 20-fold tighter in the presence of Zn2+ (log K from 6.2 to 7.5). This unique example of cooperative, heterometallic allostery in a biologically compatible construct suggests the possibility of designing conditionally active metal-binding agents that could respond to dynamic changes in cellular metal status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Alies
- Department of Chemistry , Duke University , Durham , North Carolina 27708 , USA .
| | - Jacob D Wiener
- Department of Chemistry , Duke University , Durham , North Carolina 27708 , USA .
| | - Katherine J Franz
- Department of Chemistry , Duke University , Durham , North Carolina 27708 , USA .
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21
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Torabi SF, Wu P, McGhee CE, Chen L, Hwang K, Zheng N, Cheng J, Lu Y. In vitro selection of a sodium-specific DNAzyme and its application in intracellular sensing. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2015; 112:5903-8. [PMID: 25918425 PMCID: PMC4434688 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1420361112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 244] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the past two decades, enormous progress has been made in designing fluorescent sensors or probes for divalent metal ions. In contrast, the development of fluorescent sensors for monovalent metal ions, such as sodium (Na(+)), has remained underdeveloped, even though Na(+) is one the most abundant metal ions in biological systems and plays a critical role in many biological processes. Here, we report the in vitro selection of the first (to our knowledge) Na(+)-specific, RNA-cleaving deoxyribozyme (DNAzyme) with a fast catalytic rate [observed rate constant (ko(bs)) ∼ 0.1 min(-1)], and the transformation of this DNAzyme into a fluorescent sensor for Na(+) by labeling the enzyme strand with a quencher at the 3' end, and the DNA substrate strand with a fluorophore and a quencher at the 5' and 3' ends, respectively. The presence of Na(+) catalyzed cleavage of the substrate strand at an internal ribonucleotide adenosine (rA) site, resulting in release of the fluorophore from its quenchers and thus a significant increase in fluorescence signal. The sensor displays a remarkable selectivity (>10,000-fold) for Na(+) over competing metal ions and has a detection limit of 135 µM (3.1 ppm). Furthermore, we demonstrate that this DNAzyme-based sensor can readily enter cells with the aid of α-helical cationic polypeptides. Finally, by protecting the cleavage site of the Na(+)-specific DNAzyme with a photolabile o-nitrobenzyl group, we achieved controlled activation of the sensor after DNAzyme delivery into cells. Together, these results demonstrate that such a DNAzyme-based sensor provides a promising platform for detection and quantification of Na(+) in living cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Nan Zheng
- Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801
| | - Jianjun Cheng
- Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801
| | - Yi Lu
- Departments of Biochemistry, Chemistry, and Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801
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22
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Chandrachud U, Walker MW, Simas AM, Heetveld S, Petcherski A, Klein M, Oh H, Wolf P, Zhao WN, Norton S, Haggarty SJ, Lloyd-Evans E, Cotman SL. Unbiased Cell-based Screening in a Neuronal Cell Model of Batten Disease Highlights an Interaction between Ca2+ Homeostasis, Autophagy, and CLN3 Protein Function. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:14361-80. [PMID: 25878248 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.621706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Abnormal accumulation of undigested macromolecules, often disease-specific, is a major feature of lysosomal and neurodegenerative disease and is frequently attributed to defective autophagy. The mechanistic underpinnings of the autophagy defects are the subject of intense research, which is aided by genetic disease models. To gain an improved understanding of the pathways regulating defective autophagy specifically in juvenile neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis (JNCL or Batten disease), a neurodegenerative disease of childhood, we developed and piloted a GFP-microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 (GFP-LC3) screening assay to identify, in an unbiased fashion, genotype-sensitive small molecule autophagy modifiers, employing a JNCL neuronal cell model bearing the most common disease mutation in CLN3. Thapsigargin, a sarco/endoplasmic reticulum Ca(2+)-ATPase (SERCA) Ca(2+) pump inhibitor, reproducibly displayed significantly more activity in the mouse JNCL cells, an effect that was also observed in human-induced pluripotent stem cell-derived JNCL neural progenitor cells. The mechanism of thapsigargin sensitivity was Ca(2+)-mediated, and autophagosome accumulation in JNCL cells could be reversed by Ca(2+) chelation. Interrogation of intracellular Ca(2+) handling highlighted alterations in endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondrial, and lysosomal Ca(2+) pools and in store-operated Ca(2+) uptake in JNCL cells. These results further support an important role for the CLN3 protein in intracellular Ca(2+) handling and in autophagic pathway flux and establish a powerful new platform for therapeutic screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uma Chandrachud
- From the Center for Human Genetic Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114 and
| | - Mathew W Walker
- the Sir Martin Evans Building, School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3AX, United Kingdom
| | - Alexandra M Simas
- From the Center for Human Genetic Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114 and
| | - Sasja Heetveld
- From the Center for Human Genetic Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114 and
| | - Anton Petcherski
- From the Center for Human Genetic Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114 and
| | - Madeleine Klein
- From the Center for Human Genetic Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114 and
| | - Hyejin Oh
- From the Center for Human Genetic Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114 and
| | - Pavlina Wolf
- From the Center for Human Genetic Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114 and
| | - Wen-Ning Zhao
- From the Center for Human Genetic Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114 and
| | - Stephanie Norton
- From the Center for Human Genetic Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114 and
| | - Stephen J Haggarty
- From the Center for Human Genetic Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114 and
| | - Emyr Lloyd-Evans
- the Sir Martin Evans Building, School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3AX, United Kingdom
| | - Susan L Cotman
- From the Center for Human Genetic Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114 and
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23
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Dechen K, Richards CD, Lye JC, Hwang JEC, Burke R. Compartmentalized zinc deficiency and toxicities caused by ZnT and Zip gene over expression result in specific phenotypes in Drosophila. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2015; 60:23-33. [PMID: 25562517 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2014.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2014] [Revised: 12/11/2014] [Accepted: 12/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Movement of zinc ions across cellular membranes is achieved mainly by two families of zinc transport genes encoding multi-transmembrane domain proteins. Members of the Zip family generally transport zinc into the cytosol, either from outside the cell or from the lumen of subcellular organelles such as the endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi, endosomes or storage vacuoles. ZnT proteins move zinc in the opposite direction, resulting in efflux from the cell or uptake into organelles. Zinc homeostasis at both the cellular and systemic level is achieved by the coordinated action of numerous Zip and ZnT proteins, twenty-four in mammals and seventeen in the vinegar fly Drosophila melanogaster. Previously, we have identified a zinc toxicity phenotype in the Drosophila eye, caused by targeted over expression of dZip42C.1 (dZip1) combined with knockdown of dZnT63C (dZnT1). In general, this phenotype was rescued by increased zinc efflux or decreased uptake and was exacerbated by decreased efflux or increased uptake. Now we have identified three additional zinc dyshomeostasis phenotypes caused by over expression of dZnT86D, dZnT86D(eGFP) and dZip71B(FLAG). Genetic and dietary manipulation experiments showed that these three phenotypes all differ both from each other and from our original zinc toxicity phenotype. Based on these data and the approximate subcellular localization of each zinc transport protein, we propose that each phenotype represents a different redistribution of zinc within these cells, resulting in a Golgi zinc toxicity, a Golgi zinc deficiency and a combined Golgi/other organelle zinc toxicity respectively. We are able to group the remaining Drosophila Zip and ZnT genes into several functional categories based on their interaction with the three novel zinc dyshomeostasis phenotypes, allowing the role of each zinc transport protein to be defined in greater detail. This research highlights the differential effects that redistribution of zinc can have within a particular tissue and identifies the Golgi as being particularly sensitive to both excess and insufficient zinc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kesang Dechen
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Victoria, Australia.
| | | | - Jessica C Lye
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Victoria, Australia
| | - Joab E C Hwang
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Victoria, Australia
| | - Richard Burke
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Victoria, Australia.
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24
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Hare DJ, New EJ, de Jonge MD, McColl G. Imaging metals in biology: balancing sensitivity, selectivity and spatial resolution. Chem Soc Rev 2015; 44:5941-58. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cs00055f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
A Tutorial Review to aid in designing the most comprehensive metal imaging experiments for biological samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominic J. Hare
- Elemental Bio-imaging Facility
- University of Technology Sydney
- Broadway
- Australia
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health
| | | | | | - Gawain McColl
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health
- The University of Melbourne
- Parkville
- Australia
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