1
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Cheng J, Yang L, Wang R, Wisner JA, Ding Z, Wang HB. Intensified electrochemiluminescence and photoluminescence via supramolecular anion recognition interactions. Chem Sci 2024; 15:12291-12300. [PMID: 39118623 PMCID: PMC11304522 DOI: 10.1039/d4sc03338h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Herein, intensified electrochemiluminescence (ECL) and photoluminescence (PL) via supramolecular anion recognition interactions are demonstrated. A bisindolylpyrrole derivative with a structure containing two indole groups and 2-hexyl-pyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole-1,3(2H,5H)-dione, BIPPD, was designed and synthesized de novo to induce the enhanced ECL and PL emission based on hydrogen bonding interactions with the dihydrogen phosphate anion. Remarkably, the ECL quantum efficiency and PL quantum yield were discovered to increase up to 5.5-fold and 1.5-fold, respectively, via this anion coordination. Dopant PF6 - was found not to form hydrogen bonds, while HSO4 - doping does slightly with the receptor molecule. There was no enhancement in either ECL or PL in both scenarios, revealing great recognition selectivity of the synthesized BIPPD. Mechanistic studies via 1H NMR, ECL, and PL spectra illustrated that the ECL processes varied in the presence and absence of H2PO4 - doping, thus leading to the understanding of enhanced efficiency. The bisindolylpyrrole derivative will find applications in supramolecular and analytical chemistry via controlled hydrogen bonding interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Chemical Materials and Devices, Ministry of Education, School of Optoelectronic Materials and Technology, Jianghan University Wuhan Hubei 430056 China
- XJTLU Wisdom Lake Academy of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University 111 Ren'an Road Suzhou Jiangsu 215123 China
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool Crown Street Liverpool L69 7ZD UK
| | - Liuqing Yang
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Advanced Materials and Biomaterials, The University of Western Ontario 1151 Richmond Street London Ontario N6A 5B7 Canada
| | - Ruiyao Wang
- XJTLU Wisdom Lake Academy of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University 111 Ren'an Road Suzhou Jiangsu 215123 China
| | - James A Wisner
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Advanced Materials and Biomaterials, The University of Western Ontario 1151 Richmond Street London Ontario N6A 5B7 Canada
| | - Zhifeng Ding
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Advanced Materials and Biomaterials, The University of Western Ontario 1151 Richmond Street London Ontario N6A 5B7 Canada
| | - Hong-Bo Wang
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Chemical Materials and Devices, Ministry of Education, School of Optoelectronic Materials and Technology, Jianghan University Wuhan Hubei 430056 China
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2
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Zhang C, Zhang R, Zhang R, Zhang Q, Zhang Zhangjunlong Pku Edu Cn JL, Ding Z. Spectroscopy and absolute quantum efficiency of near-infrared electrochemiluminescence for a macrocyclic palladium complex. J Inorg Biochem 2024; 254:112514. [PMID: 38422586 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2024.112514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2024] [Revised: 02/03/2024] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Electrochemiluminescence (ECL) is widely applied as a reliable tool in clinical diagnosis, including immunoassays, cancer biomarker detection, etc. Metal complexes with emission in the near-infrared (NIR) range possess distinct features such as high transmission and minimal tissue auto-absorption, making them versatile for applications in biosensing and other fields. Through ECL spectral studies of an O-linked nonaromatic benzitripyrrin (C^N^N^N) macrocyclic palladium complex (Pd1) with multiple pyrrole structures, we observed emission peaks from the Qx(0,0) and its vibronic Qx(0,1) bands during both photoluminescence (PL) and ECL. Notably, the emission from the Qx(0,1) band was significantly enhanced in the ECL spectrum, demonstrating higher selectivity for near-infrared light at 743 nm. In the ECL annihilation pathway, the appearance of ECL signals showed a strong correlation with the redox processes of the tri-pyrrin structure, revealing a cyclic tri-pyrrin ligand-centered nature with contributions from the metal center. Upon the introduction of tripropylamine (TPrA) and benzoyl peroxide (BPO) coreactants, the ECL signals exhibited enhancements ranging from several hundred to tens of times. Various reaction routes within different coreactant systems are extensively discussed. Additionally, the absolute quantum efficiencies of the Pd1/TPrA coreactant system were determined, showing efficiencies of 0.0032% ± 0.0005% and 0.000074% ± 0.000016% during pulsing and CV scan processes, respectively. This work addresses gaps in the study of palladacycle complexes in ECL and provides insights into the design of NIR luminescent structures that contribute to the fast screening and deep tissue penetration bioimaging techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Congyang Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Western University, London, ON N6A 5B7, Canada; Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Joint International Research Laboratory of Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Ruizhong Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Ruijing Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; Spin-X Institute, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China
| | - Qiao Zhang
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Joint International Research Laboratory of Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Jun-Long Zhang Zhangjunlong Pku Edu Cn
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Zhifeng Ding
- Department of Chemistry, Western University, London, ON N6A 5B7, Canada.
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3
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Yang L, Gu X, Liu J, Wu L, Qin Y. Functionalized nanomaterials-based electrochemiluminescent biosensors and their application in cancer biomarkers detection. Talanta 2024; 267:125237. [PMID: 37757698 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2023.125237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
To detect a range of trace biomarkers associated with human diseases, researchers have been focusing on developing biosensors that possess high sensitivity and specificity. Electrochemiluminescence (ECL) biosensors have emerged as a prominent research tool in recent years, owing to their potential superiority in low background signal, high sensitivity, straightforward instrumentation, and ease of operation. Functional nanomaterials (FNMs) exhibit distinct advantages in optimizing electrical conductivity, increasing reaction rate, and expanding specific surface area due to their small size effect, quantum size effect, and surface and interface effects, which can significantly improve the stability, reproducibility, and sensitivity of the biosensors. Thereby, various nanomaterials (NMs) with excellent properties have been developed to construct efficient ECL biosensors. This review provides a detailed summary and discussion of FNMs-based ECL biosensors and their applications in cancer biomarkers detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luxia Yang
- Nantong Key Laboratory of Public Health and Medical Analysis, School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, 226019, PR China
| | - Xijuan Gu
- Nantong Key Laboratory of Public Health and Medical Analysis, School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, 226019, PR China
| | - Jinxia Liu
- Nantong Key Laboratory of Public Health and Medical Analysis, School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, 226019, PR China.
| | - Li Wu
- Nantong Key Laboratory of Public Health and Medical Analysis, School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, 226019, PR China.
| | - Yuling Qin
- Nantong Key Laboratory of Public Health and Medical Analysis, School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, 226019, PR China.
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4
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Kim KR, Kim J, Oh J, Kim J, Hong JI. Electrochemiluminescence of dimethylaminonaphthalene-oxazaborine donor-acceptor luminophores. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:13058-13061. [PMID: 37847254 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc03892k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2023]
Abstract
Donor-acceptor (D-A) type molecules with a skeleton consisting of a dimethylaminonaphthalene donor and an oxazaborine acceptor were designed as efficient electrochemiluminescence (ECL) luminophores with tunable intramolecular charge transfer (ICT). The D-A ECL luminophores demonstrated that the ICT characteristics play a critical role in the electrochemistry and ECL of luminophores in the presence of tri-n-propylamine, which was rationalised experimentally and computationally. Furthemore, dual-peaked ECL-potential behaviours of the luminophores were rationalised using two competitive pathway ECL mechanisms, elucidated through the use of spooling ECL spectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyoung-Rok Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Korea.
| | - Jiwoo Kim
- Department of Chemistry, KHU-KIST Department of Converging Science and Technology, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jinrok Oh
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Korea.
| | - Joohoon Kim
- Department of Chemistry, KHU-KIST Department of Converging Science and Technology, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jong-In Hong
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Korea.
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5
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Kawawaki T, Negishi Y. Elucidation of the electronic structures of thiolate-protected gold nanoclusters by electrochemical measurements. Dalton Trans 2023; 52:15152-15167. [PMID: 37712891 DOI: 10.1039/d3dt02005c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
Metal nanoclusters (NCs) with sizes of approximately 2 nm or less have different physical/chemical properties from those of the bulk metals owing to quantum size effects. Metal NCs, which can be size-controlled and heterometal doped at atomic accuracy, are expected to be the next generation of important materials, and new metal NCs are reported regularly. However, compared with conventional materials such as metal complexes and relatively large metal nanoparticles (>2 nm), these metal NCs are still underdeveloped in terms of evaluation and establishment of application methods. Electrochemical measurements are one of the most widely used methods for synthesis, application, and characterisation of metal NCs. This review summarizes the basic knowledge of the electrochemistry and experimental techniques, and provides examples of the reported electronic states of thiolate-protected gold NCs elucidated by electrochemical approaches. It is expected that this review will provide useful information for researchers starting to study metal NCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tokuhisa Kawawaki
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tokyo University of Science, Kagurazaka, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8601, Japan.
- Research Institute for Science & Technology, Tokyo University of Science, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8601, Japan
| | - Yuichi Negishi
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tokyo University of Science, Kagurazaka, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8601, Japan.
- Research Institute for Science & Technology, Tokyo University of Science, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8601, Japan
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6
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Yang J, Qin D, Wang N, Wu Y, Fang K, Deng B. Electrochemiluminescence resonance energy transfer between a Ru-ZnMOF self-enhanced luminophore and a double quencher ZnONF@PDA to detect NSE. Analyst 2023; 148:4539-4547. [PMID: 37585262 DOI: 10.1039/d3an01106b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
The construction of advanced systems capable of accurately detecting neuron-specific enolase (NSE) is essential for rapidly diagnosing small-cell lung cancer. In this study, an electrochemiluminescence (ECL) resonance energy transfer immunosensor was proposed for the ultra-sensitive detection of NSE. The co-reactants C2O42- and Ru(bpy)32+ were integrated to form a self-enhanced ECL luminophore (Ru-ZnMOF) as the ECL donor. The abundant carboxyl functional groups of Ru-ZnMOF supported antibody 1 via an amidation reaction. Polydopamine-modified zinc dioxide nanoflowers, as ECL acceptors, inhibited Ru-ZnMOF ECL signaling. The linear range of NSE was 10 fg mL-1 to 100 ng mL-1 with a detection limit of 3.3 fg mL-1 (S/N = 3), which is suitably low for determining NSE in real samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, China.
| | - Dongmiao Qin
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, China.
| | - Na Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, China.
| | - Yusheng Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, China.
| | - Kanjun Fang
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, China.
| | - Biyang Deng
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, China.
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7
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Jiang L, Jing M, Yin B, Du W, Wang X, Liu Y, Chen S, Zhu M. Bright near-infrared circularly polarized electrochemiluminescence from Au 9Ag 4 nanoclusters. Chem Sci 2023; 14:7304-7309. [PMID: 37416707 PMCID: PMC10321486 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc01329d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Metal nanoclusters are excellent electrochemiluminescent luminophores owing to their rich electrochemical and optical properties. However, the optical activity of their electrochemiluminescence (ECL) is unknown. Herein, we achieved, for the first time, the integration of optical activity and ECL, i.e., circularly polarized electrochemiluminescence (CPECL), in a pair of chiral Au9Ag4 metal nanocluster enantiomers. Chiral ligand induction and alloying were employed to endow the racemic nanoclusters with chirality and photoelectrochemical reactivity. S-Au9Ag4 and R-Au9Ag4 exhibited chirality and bright-red emission (quantum yield = 4.2%) in the ground and excited states. The enantiomers showed mirror-imaged CPECL signals at 805 nm owing to their highly intense and stable ECL emission in the presence of tripropylamine as a co-reactant. The ECL dissymmetry factor of the enantiomers at 805 nm was calculated to be ±3 × 10-3, which is comparable with that obtained from their photoluminescence. The obtained nanocluster CPECL platform shows the discrimination of chiral 2-chloropropionic acid. The integration of optical activity and ECL in metal nanoclusters provides the opportunity to achieve enantiomer discrimination and local chirality detection with high sensitivity and contrast.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lirong Jiang
- Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Centre for Atomic Engineering of Advanced Materials, Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials, Anhui University Hefei Anhui 230601 China
| | - Mengmeng Jing
- Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Centre for Atomic Engineering of Advanced Materials, Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials, Anhui University Hefei Anhui 230601 China
| | - Bing Yin
- Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Centre for Atomic Engineering of Advanced Materials, Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials, Anhui University Hefei Anhui 230601 China
| | - Wenjun Du
- Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Centre for Atomic Engineering of Advanced Materials, Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials, Anhui University Hefei Anhui 230601 China
| | - Xiaojian Wang
- Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Centre for Atomic Engineering of Advanced Materials, Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials, Anhui University Hefei Anhui 230601 China
| | - Ying Liu
- Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Centre for Atomic Engineering of Advanced Materials, Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials, Anhui University Hefei Anhui 230601 China
| | - Shuang Chen
- Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Centre for Atomic Engineering of Advanced Materials, Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials, Anhui University Hefei Anhui 230601 China
| | - Manzhou Zhu
- Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Centre for Atomic Engineering of Advanced Materials, Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials, Anhui University Hefei Anhui 230601 China
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8
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Lu Y, Huang X, Wang S, Li B, Liu B. Nanoconfinement-Enhanced Electrochemiluminescence for in Situ Imaging of Single Biomolecules. ACS NANO 2023; 17:3809-3817. [PMID: 36800173 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c11934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Direct imaging of electrochemical reactions at the single-molecule level is of potential interest in materials, diagnostic, and catalysis applications. Electrochemiluminescence (ECL) offers the opportunity to convert redox events into photons. However, it is challenging to capture single photons emitted from a single-molecule ECL reaction at a specific location, thus limiting high-quality imaging applications. We developed the nanoreactors based on Ru(bpy)32+-doped nanoporous zeolite nanoparticles (Ru@zeolite) for direct visualization of nanoconfinement-enhanced ECL reactions. Each nanoreactor not only acts as a matrix to host Ru(bpy)32+ molecules but also provides a nanoconfined environment for the collision reactions of Ru(bpy)32+ and co-reactant radicals to realize efficient in situ ECL reactions. The nanoscale confinement resulted in enhanced ECL. Using such nanoreactors as ECL probes, a dual-signal sensing protocol for visual tracking of a single biomolecule was performed. High-resolution imaging of single membrane proteins on heterogeneous cells was effectively addressed with near-zero backgrounds. This could provide a more sensitive tool for imaging individual biomolecules and significantly advance ECL imaging in biological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanwei Lu
- Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers and Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuedong Huang
- Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers and Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Shurong Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers and Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Binxiao Li
- Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers and Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Baohong Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers and Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China
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9
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Wang C, Liu S, Ju H. Electrochemiluminescence nanoemitters for immunoassay of protein biomarkers. Bioelectrochemistry 2023; 149:108281. [PMID: 36283193 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2022.108281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Revised: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
The family of electrochemiluminescent luminophores has witnessed quick development since the electrochemiluminescence (ECL) phenomenon of silicon nanoparticles was first reported in 2002. Moreover, these developed ECL nanoemitters have extensively been applied in sensitive detection of protein biomarker by combining with immunological recognition. This review firstly summarized the origin and development of various ECL nanoemitters including inorganic and organic nanomaterials, with an emphasis on metal-organic frameworks (MOFs)-based ECL nanoemitters. Several effective strategies to amplify the ECL response of nanoemitters and improve the sensitivity of immunosensing were discussed. The application of ECL nanoemitters in immunoassay of protein biomarkers for diagnosis of cancers and other diseases, especially lung cancer and heart diseases, was comprehensively presented. The recent development of ECL imaging with the nanoemitters as ECL tags for detection of multiplex protein biomarkers on single cell membrane also attracted attention. Finally, the future opportunities and challenges in the ECL biosensing field were highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Songqin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Huangxian Ju
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China.
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10
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Song X, Zhao L, Zhang N, Liu L, Ren X, Ma H, Kuang X, Li Y, Luo C, Wei Q. Ultrasensitive Electrochemiluminescence Biosensor with Silver Nanoclusters as a Novel Signal Probe and α-Fe 2O 3-Pt as an Efficient Co-reaction Accelerator for Procalcitonin Immunoassay. Anal Chem 2023; 95:1582-1588. [PMID: 36596640 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c04673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Herein, a high-efficiency biosensor based on ternary electrochemiluminescence (ECL) system was constructed for procalcitonin (PCT) detection. Specifically, silver nanoclusters (Ag NCs) with stable luminescence properties were prepared with small-molecule lipoic acid (LA) as the ligand, and its ECL emission in persulfate (S2O82-) was first reported. Meanwhile, the prepared Ag NCs possessed ligand-to-metal charge-transfer characteristics, thus transferring energy from LA to Ag+ for luminescence. Based on the small particle size, good biocompatibility, and molecular binding ability, Ag NCs-LA was used as an ideal luminescent probe. In addition, α-Fe2O3-Pt was introduced to facilitate the activation of S2O82-, thereby generating more sulfate radicals to react with the free radicals of Ag NCs to enhance ECL emission. The synergistic effect of the variable valence state of transition metals and high catalytic activity of noble metals endows α-Fe2O3-Pt with excellent catalytic ability for S2O82-. Importantly, the sensing mechanism was systematically demonstrated by UV-vis, fluorescence, and ECL analysis, as well as density functional theory calculations. At last, NKFRGKYKC was designed for specific immobilization of antibodies, thus releasing the antigen binding sites to improve the antigen recognition efficiency. Based on this, the developed biosensor showed high sensitivity for PCT detection, with a wide linear range (10 fg/mL-100 ng/mL) and a low detection limit (3.56 fg/mL), which could be extended to clinical detection of multiple biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianzhen Song
- Key Laboratory of Interfacial Reaction & Sensing Analysis in Universities of Shandong, Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Chemical Manufacturing and Accurate Detection, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan250022, P.R. China
| | - Lu Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Interfacial Reaction & Sensing Analysis in Universities of Shandong, Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Chemical Manufacturing and Accurate Detection, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan250022, P.R. China
| | - Nuo Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Interfacial Reaction & Sensing Analysis in Universities of Shandong, Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Chemical Manufacturing and Accurate Detection, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan250022, P.R. China
| | - Lei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Interfacial Reaction & Sensing Analysis in Universities of Shandong, Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Chemical Manufacturing and Accurate Detection, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan250022, P.R. China
| | - Xiang Ren
- Key Laboratory of Interfacial Reaction & Sensing Analysis in Universities of Shandong, Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Chemical Manufacturing and Accurate Detection, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan250022, P.R. China
| | - Hongmin Ma
- Key Laboratory of Interfacial Reaction & Sensing Analysis in Universities of Shandong, Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Chemical Manufacturing and Accurate Detection, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan250022, P.R. China
| | - Xuan Kuang
- Key Laboratory of Interfacial Reaction & Sensing Analysis in Universities of Shandong, Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Chemical Manufacturing and Accurate Detection, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan250022, P.R. China
| | - Yuyang Li
- Key Laboratory of Interfacial Reaction & Sensing Analysis in Universities of Shandong, Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Chemical Manufacturing and Accurate Detection, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan250022, P.R. China
| | - Chuannan Luo
- Key Laboratory of Interfacial Reaction & Sensing Analysis in Universities of Shandong, Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Chemical Manufacturing and Accurate Detection, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan250022, P.R. China
| | - Qin Wei
- Key Laboratory of Interfacial Reaction & Sensing Analysis in Universities of Shandong, Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Chemical Manufacturing and Accurate Detection, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan250022, P.R. China.,Department of Chemistry, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon16419, Republic of Korea
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11
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Pan Y, Han Z, Chen S, Wei K, Wei X. Metallic nanoclusters: From synthetic challenges to applications of their unique properties in food contamination detection. Coord Chem Rev 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2022.214964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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12
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Wei X, Chu K, Adsetts JR, Li H, Kang X, Ding Z, Zhu M. Nanocluster Transformation Induced by SbF 6- Anions toward Boosting Photochemical Activities. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:20421-20433. [PMID: 36260434 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c08632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The interactions between SbF6- and metal nanoclusters are of significance for customizing clusters from both structure and property aspects; however, the whole-segment monitoring of this customization remains challenging. In this work, by controlling the amount of introduced SbF6- anions, the step-by-step nanocluster evolutions from [Pt1Ag28(S-Adm)18(PPh3)4]Cl2 (Pt1Ag28-Cl) to [Pt1Ag28(S-Adm)18(PPh3)4](SbF6)2 (Pt1Ag28-SbF6) and then to [Pt1Ag30Cl1(S-Adm)18(PPh3)3](SbF6)3 (Pt1Ag30-SbF6) have been mapped out with X-ray crystallography, with which atomic-level SbF6- counterion effects in reconstructing and rearranging nanoclusters are determined. The structure-dependent optical properties, including optical absorption, photoluminescence, and electrochemiluminescence (ECL), of these nanoclusters are then explored. Notably, the Pt1Ag30-SbF6 nanocluster was ultrabright with a high phosphorescence quantum yield of 85% in N2-purged solutions, while Pt1Ag28 nanoclusters were fluorescent with weaker emission intensities. Furthermore, Pt1Ag30-SbF6 displayed superior ECL efficiency over Pt1Ag28-SbF6, which was rationalized by its increased effectively exposed reactive facets. Both Pt1Ag30-SbF6 and Pt1Ag28-SbF6 demonstrated unprecedented high absolute ECL quantum efficiencies at sub-micromolar concentrations. This work is of great significance for revealing the SbF6- counterion effects on the control of both structures and luminescent properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Wei
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Atomic Engineering of Advanced Materials, Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials of Ministry of Education, Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology and Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui230601, China
| | - Kenneth Chu
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Advanced Materials and Biomaterials Research, The University of Western Ontario, LondonOntarioN6A 5B7, Canada
| | - Jonathan Ralph Adsetts
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Advanced Materials and Biomaterials Research, The University of Western Ontario, LondonOntarioN6A 5B7, Canada
| | - Hao Li
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Atomic Engineering of Advanced Materials, Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials of Ministry of Education, Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology and Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui230601, China
| | - Xi Kang
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Atomic Engineering of Advanced Materials, Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials of Ministry of Education, Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology and Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui230601, China
| | - Zhifeng Ding
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Advanced Materials and Biomaterials Research, The University of Western Ontario, LondonOntarioN6A 5B7, Canada
| | - Manzhou Zhu
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Atomic Engineering of Advanced Materials, Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials of Ministry of Education, Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology and Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui230601, China
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13
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Kim JH, Choi J, Kim J, Kim J. Enhanced near-infrared electrochemiluminescence of Au nanoclusters treated with piperidine. Bioelectrochemistry 2022; 147:108192. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2022.108192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2022] [Revised: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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14
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Yoo SM, Jeon YM, Heo SY. Electrochemiluminescence Systems for the Detection of Biomarkers: Strategical and Technological Advances. BIOSENSORS 2022; 12:bios12090738. [PMID: 36140123 PMCID: PMC9496345 DOI: 10.3390/bios12090738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Electrochemiluminescence (ECL)-based sensing systems rely on light emissions from luminophores, which are generated by high-energy electron transfer reactions between electrogenerated species on an electrode. ECL systems have been widely used in the detection and monitoring of diverse, disease-related biomarkers due to their high selectivity and fast response times, as well as their spatial and temporal control of luminance, high controllability, and a wide detection range. This review focuses on the recent strategic and technological advances in ECL-based biomarker detection systems. We introduce several sensing systems for medical applications that are classified according to the reactions that drive ECL signal emissions. We also provide recent examples of sensing strategies and technologies based on factors that enhance sensitivity and multiplexing abilities as well as simplify sensing procedures. This review also discusses the potential strategies and technologies for the development of ECL systems with an enhanced detection ability.
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15
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Song X, Zhao L, Ren X, Feng T, Ma H, Wu D, Li Y, Luo C, Wei Q. Highly Efficient PTCA/Co 3O 4/CuO/S 2O 82- Ternary Electrochemiluminescence System Combined with a Portable Chip for Bioanalysis. ACS Sens 2022; 7:2273-2280. [PMID: 35919935 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.2c00819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Herein, we reported an efficient electrochemiluminescence (ECL) biosensor chip for sensitive detection of neuron-specific enolase (NSE). First, 3,4,9,10-perylenetetracarboxylic acid with good luminescence characteristics was used as a luminophore to obtain a stable ECL signal. Subsequently, hollow porous Co3O4/CuO concave polyhedron nanocages (CPNCs) were designed as co-reaction promoters to amplify the luminescence signals for highly sensitive trace detection of NSE. In brief, the rapid cyclic conversion of Co3+/Co2+ and Cu2+/Cu+ redox pairs could continuously catalyze the reduction of persulfate (S2O82-), thus providing a large number of essential active intermediates (SO4•-) for ECL emission. Meanwhile, the unique structure of Co3O4/CuO CPNCs possessed a large specific surface area, which greatly improved its catalytic efficiency. Third, NKFRGKYKC was developed as an affinity ligand for specific antibody fixation, which improved incubation efficiency and protected bioactivity of antibodies. Finally, we independently designed a microchip and applied it for ECL detection to improve the practical application ability of the sensor. The developed biosensor exhibited good sensitivity with a wide linear range (10 fg/mL to 100 ng/mL) and a low detection limit (3.42 fg/mL), which played an active role in the clinical application of sensing analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianzhen Song
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Chemical Manufacturing and Accurate Detection, Key Laboratory of Interfacial Reaction & Sensing Analysis in Universities of Shandong, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, Shandong, China
| | - Lu Zhao
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Chemical Manufacturing and Accurate Detection, Key Laboratory of Interfacial Reaction & Sensing Analysis in Universities of Shandong, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, Shandong, China
| | - Xiang Ren
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Chemical Manufacturing and Accurate Detection, Key Laboratory of Interfacial Reaction & Sensing Analysis in Universities of Shandong, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, Shandong, China
| | - Tao Feng
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Chemical Manufacturing and Accurate Detection, Key Laboratory of Interfacial Reaction & Sensing Analysis in Universities of Shandong, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, Shandong, China
| | - Hongmin Ma
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Chemical Manufacturing and Accurate Detection, Key Laboratory of Interfacial Reaction & Sensing Analysis in Universities of Shandong, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, Shandong, China
| | - Dan Wu
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Chemical Manufacturing and Accurate Detection, Key Laboratory of Interfacial Reaction & Sensing Analysis in Universities of Shandong, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, Shandong, China
| | - Yuyang Li
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Chemical Manufacturing and Accurate Detection, Key Laboratory of Interfacial Reaction & Sensing Analysis in Universities of Shandong, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, Shandong, China
| | - Chuannan Luo
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Chemical Manufacturing and Accurate Detection, Key Laboratory of Interfacial Reaction & Sensing Analysis in Universities of Shandong, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, Shandong, China
| | - Qin Wei
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Chemical Manufacturing and Accurate Detection, Key Laboratory of Interfacial Reaction & Sensing Analysis in Universities of Shandong, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, Shandong, China
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16
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Gunawardene PN, Martin J, Wong JM, Ding Z, Corrigan JF, Workentin MS. Controlling the Structure, Properties and Surface Reactivity of Clickable Azide‐Functionalized Au
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Nanocluster Platforms Through Regioisomeric Ligand Modifications. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202205194. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202205194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Praveen N. Gunawardene
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Advanced Materials and Biomaterials Research Western University London Ontario N6A 5B7 Canada
| | - Julia Martin
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Advanced Materials and Biomaterials Research Western University London Ontario N6A 5B7 Canada
| | - Jonathan M. Wong
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Advanced Materials and Biomaterials Research Western University London Ontario N6A 5B7 Canada
| | - Zhifeng Ding
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Advanced Materials and Biomaterials Research Western University London Ontario N6A 5B7 Canada
| | - John F. Corrigan
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Advanced Materials and Biomaterials Research Western University London Ontario N6A 5B7 Canada
| | - Mark S. Workentin
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Advanced Materials and Biomaterials Research Western University London Ontario N6A 5B7 Canada
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17
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Cao Y, Zhou JL, Ma Y, Zhou Y, Zhu JJ. Recent progress of metal nanoclusters in electrochemiluminescence. Dalton Trans 2022; 51:8927-8937. [PMID: 35593102 DOI: 10.1039/d2dt00810f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Metal nanoclusters (MeNCs), composed of a few to hundreds of metal atoms and appropriate surface ligands, have attracted extensive interest in the electrochemiluminescence (ECL) realm owing to their molecule-like optical, electronic, and physicochemical attributes and are strongly anticipated for discrete energy levels, fascinating electrocatalytic activity, and good biocompatibility. Over the past decade, huge efforts have been devoted to the synthesis, properties, and application research of ECL-related MeNCs, and this field is still a subject of heightened concern. Therefore, this perspective aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the recent advances of MeNCs in the ECL domain, mainly covering the emerged ECL available MeNCs, unique chemical and optical properties, and the general ECL mechanisms. Synthesis strategies for desirable ECL performance are further highlighted, and the resulting ECL sensing applications utilizing MeNCs as luminophores, quenchers, and substrates are discussed systematically. Finally, we anticipate the future prospects and challenges in the development of this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, PR China.
| | - Jia-Lin Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, PR China.
| | - Yanwen Ma
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics & Information Displays (KLOEID) and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications (NJUPT), Nanjing 210046, PR China.
| | - Yang Zhou
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics & Information Displays (KLOEID) and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications (NJUPT), Nanjing 210046, PR China.
| | - Jun-Jie Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, PR China.
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18
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Gunawardene PN, Martin J, Wong JM, Ding Z, Corrigan JF, Workentin MS. Controlling the Structure, Properties and Surface Reactivity of Clickable Azide‐Functionalized Au
25
(SR)
18
Nanocluster Platforms Through Regioisomeric Ligand Modifications. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202205194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Praveen N. Gunawardene
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Advanced Materials and Biomaterials Research Western University London Ontario N6A 5B7 Canada
| | - Julia Martin
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Advanced Materials and Biomaterials Research Western University London Ontario N6A 5B7 Canada
| | - Jonathan M. Wong
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Advanced Materials and Biomaterials Research Western University London Ontario N6A 5B7 Canada
| | - Zhifeng Ding
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Advanced Materials and Biomaterials Research Western University London Ontario N6A 5B7 Canada
| | - John F. Corrigan
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Advanced Materials and Biomaterials Research Western University London Ontario N6A 5B7 Canada
| | - Mark S. Workentin
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Advanced Materials and Biomaterials Research Western University London Ontario N6A 5B7 Canada
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19
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Ma X, Kang Q, Li M, Fu L, Zou G, Shen D. Sensitive, Signal-Modulation Strategy for Discrimination of ECL Spectra and Investigation of Mutual Interactions of Emitters. Anal Chem 2022; 94:3637-3644. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c05217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xuemei Ma
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, P. R. China
| | - Qi Kang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, P. R. China
| | - Mengmeng Li
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, P. R. China
| | - Li Fu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Guizheng Zou
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Dazhong Shen
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, P. R. China
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20
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Hesari M, Ding Z. Identifying Highly Photoelectrochemical Active Sites of Two Au 21 Nanocluster Isomers toward Bright Near-Infrared Electrochemiluminescence. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:19474-19485. [PMID: 34775763 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c08877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Thus far, no correlation between nanocluster structures and their electrochemiluminescence (ECL) has been identified. Herein, we report how face-centered-cubic and hexagonal close-packed structures of two Au21(SR)15 nanocluster isomers determine their chemical reactivity. The relationships were explored by means of ECL and photoluminescence spectroscopy. Both isomers reveal unprecedented ECL efficiencies in the near-infrared region, which are >10- and 270-fold higher than that of standard Ru(bpy)32+, respectively. Photoelectrochemical reactivity as well as ECL mechanisms were elucidated based on electrochemistry, spooling photoluminescence, and ECL spectroscopy, unfolding the three emission enhancement origins: (i) effectively exposed reactive facets available to undergo electron transfer reactions; (ii) individual excited-state regeneration loops; (iii) cascade generations of various exited states. Indeed, these discoveries will have immediate impacts on various applications including but not limited to single molecular detection as well as photochemistry and electrocatalysis toward clean photon-electron conversion processes such as light-harvesting and light-emitting technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahdi Hesari
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario N6A 5B7, Canada
| | - Zhifeng Ding
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario N6A 5B7, Canada
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21
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Hesari M, Ma H, Ding Z. Monitoring single Au 38 nanocluster reactions via electrochemiluminescence. Chem Sci 2021; 12:14540-14545. [PMID: 34881005 PMCID: PMC8580063 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc04018a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Herein, we report for the first time single Au38 nanocluster reaction events of highly efficient electrochemiluminescence (ECL) with tri-n-propylamine radicals as a reductive co-reactant at the surface of an ultramicroelectrode (UME). The statistical analyses of individual reactions confirm stochastic single ones influenced by the applied potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahdi Hesari
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Western Ontario London Ontario N6A 5B7 Canada
| | - Hui Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Zhifeng Ding
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Western Ontario London Ontario N6A 5B7 Canada
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22
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Song X, Wu T, Luo C, Zhao L, Ren X, Zhang Y, Wei Q. Peptide-Based Electrochemiluminescence Biosensors Using Silver Nanoclusters as Signal Probes and Pd-Cu 2O Hybrid Nanoconcaves as Coreactant Promoters for Immunoassays. Anal Chem 2021; 93:13045-13053. [PMID: 34523922 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c03002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Metal nanoclusters (NCs) possess high light stability and biocompatibility because of their unique quantum size effect, which has gradually become a new type of electrochemiluminescence (ECL) nanomaterial for immunoassays. However, the luminescence efficiency of metal NCs is too low to meet the needs of trace analysis, which limits its application. Herein, Ag NCs served as signal probes and Pd-Cu2O hybrid nanoconcaves served as coreaction promoters, developing a highly efficient peptide-based biosensor for neuron-specific enolase (NSE) detection. Utilizing the reversible cycle of Cu+/Cu2+ and the reduction characteristics of Pd NPs, Pd-Cu2O greatly accelerates the reduction of S2O82-. Meanwhile, Pd-Cu2O has good hydrogen evolution activity, which promotes the generation of oxygen by improving the redox efficiency of the overall reaction, thus increasing the yield of active intermediates (OH•) to promote the reduction of S2O82-. Specially, this is an effective attempt to use the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) to accelerate the ECL emission of the S2O82- system. In addition, a short peptide ligand (NARKFYKGC, NFC) was developed to implement the targeted immobilization of antibodies, which can specifically bind to the Fc fragment of antibodies, thereby avoiding the occupation of the antigen binding site (Fab fragment). The introduction of NFC not only improves the binding efficiency of antibodies but also protects its bioactivity, thus significantly improving the sensitivity of the biosensor. Based on these strategies, the proposed biosensor provides a new perspective for the applications of metal NCs in ECL systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianzhen Song
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Chemical Manufacturing and Accurate Detection, Key Laboratory of Interfacial Reaction & Sensing Analysis in Universities of Shandong, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, Shandong, China
| | - Tingting Wu
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Chemical Manufacturing and Accurate Detection, Key Laboratory of Interfacial Reaction & Sensing Analysis in Universities of Shandong, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, Shandong, China
| | - Chuannan Luo
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Chemical Manufacturing and Accurate Detection, Key Laboratory of Interfacial Reaction & Sensing Analysis in Universities of Shandong, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, Shandong, China
| | - Lu Zhao
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Chemical Manufacturing and Accurate Detection, Key Laboratory of Interfacial Reaction & Sensing Analysis in Universities of Shandong, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, Shandong, China
| | - Xiang Ren
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Chemical Manufacturing and Accurate Detection, Key Laboratory of Interfacial Reaction & Sensing Analysis in Universities of Shandong, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, Shandong, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Chemical Manufacturing and Accurate Detection, Key Laboratory of Interfacial Reaction & Sensing Analysis in Universities of Shandong, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, Shandong, China
| | - Qin Wei
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Chemical Manufacturing and Accurate Detection, Key Laboratory of Interfacial Reaction & Sensing Analysis in Universities of Shandong, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, Shandong, China
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23
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Hong G, Su C, Huang Z, Zhuang Q, Wei C, Deng H, Chen W, Peng H. Electrochemiluminescence Immunoassay Platform with Immunoglobulin G-Encapsulated Gold Nanoclusters as a "Two-In-One" Probe. Anal Chem 2021; 93:13022-13028. [PMID: 34523333 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c02850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Biomolecule-functionalized Au nanoclusters (AuNCs) have drawn great interest in the electrochemiluminescence (ECL) field due to their unique optical/electrical properties, biocompatibility, and versatile bioapplication potentials. Herein, we proposed a two-in-one ECL probe of immunoglobulin G-encapsulated AuNCs (IgG-AuNCs) for the development of a high-performance ECL immunoassay (ECLIA) platform. The IgG-AuNCs were not only used as an ECL probe due to their excellent anodic ECL performance with triethylamine (TEA) as a coreactant but also used as the biorecognition element because of their well-retained bioactivity of the IgG. As a proof of concept, a new type of competitive immunosensing platform has been applied to detect IgG representing several merits of facile preparation, rapid detection, sample saving, and good analytical performance. The sensing platform exhibited a linear range of 0.5-50,000 ng/mL with a limit of detection of 0.06 ng/mL for IgG detection with high selectivity. In addition, this convenient ECLIA platform also performed well in real serum sample detection. Notably, our work not only proved the "two-in-one" immuno-AuNC probe-based ECLIA strategy but also developed a rational framework for study of ECL bioassay platforms based on multifunctional AuNCs and other related nanomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guolin Hong
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Xiamen Key Laboratory of Genetic Testing, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen 361003, China.,School of Clinical Medicine, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350004, China
| | - Canping Su
- School of Clinical Medicine, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350004, China.,Higher Educational Key Laboratory for Nano Biomedical Technology of Fujian Province, Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350004, China
| | - Zhongnan Huang
- Higher Educational Key Laboratory for Nano Biomedical Technology of Fujian Province, Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350004, China
| | - Quanquan Zhuang
- Higher Educational Key Laboratory for Nano Biomedical Technology of Fujian Province, Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350004, China
| | - Chaoguo Wei
- Higher Educational Key Laboratory for Nano Biomedical Technology of Fujian Province, Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350004, China
| | - Haohua Deng
- Higher Educational Key Laboratory for Nano Biomedical Technology of Fujian Province, Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350004, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Higher Educational Key Laboratory for Nano Biomedical Technology of Fujian Province, Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350004, China
| | - Huaping Peng
- Higher Educational Key Laboratory for Nano Biomedical Technology of Fujian Province, Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350004, China
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24
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Recent advances in electrochemiluminescence luminophores. Anal Bioanal Chem 2021; 414:131-146. [PMID: 33893832 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-021-03329-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Revised: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Electrochemiluminescence (ECL) has continued to receive considerable attention in various applications, owing to its intrinsic advantages such as near-zero background response, wide dynamic range, high sensitivity, simple instrumentation, and low cost. The ECL luminophore is one of the most significant components during the light generation processes. Despite significant progress that has been made in the synthesis of new luminophores and their roles in resolving various challenges, there are few comprehensive summaries on ECL luminophores. In this review, we discuss some of the recent advances in organic, metal complexes, nanomaterials, metal oxides, and near-infrared ECL luminophores. We also emphasize their roles in tackling various challenges with illustrative examples that have been reported in the last few years. Finally, perspective and some unresolved challenges in ECL that can potentially be addressed by introducing new luminophores have also been discussed. Graphical abstract.
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25
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Zhao W, Chen HY, Xu JJ. Electrogenerated chemiluminescence detection of single entities. Chem Sci 2021; 12:5720-5736. [PMID: 34168801 PMCID: PMC8179668 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc07085h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Electrogenerated chemiluminescence, also known as electrochemiluminescence (ECL), is an electrochemically induced production of light by excited luminophores generated during redox reactions. It can be used to sense the charge transfer and related processes at electrodes via a simple visual readout; hence, ECL is an outstanding tool in analytical sensing. The traditional ECL approach measures averaged electrochemical quantities of a large ensemble of individual entities, including molecules, microstructures and ions. However, as a real system is usually heterogeneous, the study of single entities holds great potential in elucidating new truths of nature which are averaged out in ensemble assays or hidden in complex systems. We would like to review the development of ECL intensity and imaging based single entity detection and place emphasis on the assays of small entities including single molecules, micro/nanoparticles and cells. The current challenges for and perspectives on ECL detection of single entities are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Life Sciences, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 China +86-25-89687294 +86-25-89687294
| | - Hong-Yuan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Life Sciences, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 China +86-25-89687294 +86-25-89687294
| | - Jing-Juan Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Life Sciences, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 China +86-25-89687294 +86-25-89687294
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26
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Hesari M, Ding Z. Spooling electrochemiluminescence spectroscopy: development, applications and beyond. Nat Protoc 2021; 16:2109-2130. [PMID: 33731962 DOI: 10.1038/s41596-020-00486-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
One of the most widely used techniques to generate light through an efficient electron transfer is called electrochemiluminescence, or electrogenerated chemiluminescence (ECL). ECL mechanisms can be explored via 'spooling spectroscopy' in which individual ECL spectra showing emitted light are collected continuously during a potentiodynamic course. The obtained spectra are spooled together and plotted along the applied potential axis; because the potential sweep occurs at a defined rate, this axis is directly proportional to time. Any changes in the emission spectra can be correlated to the corresponding potentials and/or times, leading to a deeper understanding of the mechanism for light generation-information that can be used for efficiently maximizing ECL intensities. The formation of intermediates and excited states can also be tracked, which is crucial to interrogating and drawing electron transfer pathways (i.e., understanding the chemical reaction mechanism). Spooling spectroscopy is not limited to ECL; we also include instructions for the use of related methodologies, such as spooling photoluminescence spectroscopy during an electrolysis procedure, which can be easily set up. The total time required to complete the protocol is ~49 h, from making electrodes and an ECL cell, fabricating light-tight housing, to setting up instruments. Preparing the lab for an individual experiment (making an electrolyte solution of a targeted luminophore, cooling down the CCD camera, calibrating the spectrometer and surveying electrochemistry) takes ~1 h 15 min, and performing the spooling ECL spectroscopy experiment itself requires ~10 min.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahdi Hesari
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Zhifeng Ding
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada.
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27
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Fu L, Gao X, Dong S, Hsu HY, Zou G. Surface-Defect-Induced and Synergetic-Effect-Enhanced NIR-II Electrochemiluminescence of Au–Ag Bimetallic Nanoclusters and Its Spectral Sensing. Anal Chem 2021; 93:4909-4915. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c05187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Li Fu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Shanda South Road #27, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Xuwen Gao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Shanda South Road #27, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Shuangtian Dong
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Shanda South Road #27, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Hsien-Yi Hsu
- School of Energy and Environment & Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue #83, Kowloon Tong, Kowloon Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Guizheng Zou
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Shanda South Road #27, Jinan 250100, China
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28
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Yu L, Li M, Kang Q, Fu L, Zou G, Shen D. Bovine serum albumin-stabilized silver nanoclusters with anodic electrochemiluminescence peak at 904 nm in aqueous medium and applications in spectrum-resolved multiplexing immunoassay. Biosens Bioelectron 2021; 176:112934. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2020.112934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Revised: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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29
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Optimizing the Electrochemiluminescence of Readily Accessible Pyrido[1,2‐α]pyrimidines through “Green” Substituent Regulation. ChemElectroChem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.202001531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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30
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Kim J, Pyo K, Lee D, Lee WY. Near-infrared electrogenerated chemiluminescence of Au22(glutathione)18 nanoclusters in aqueous solution and its analytical application. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2020.114851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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31
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Ge J, Chen X, Yang J, Wang Y. Progress in electrochemiluminescence of nanoclusters: how to improve the quantum yield of nanoclusters. Analyst 2021; 146:803-815. [DOI: 10.1039/d0an02110e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Classification of nanoclusters and methods to improve their quantum yield and applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junjun Ge
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Nanjing University
- Nanjing 210093
- China
| | - Xufeng Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Nanjing University
- Nanjing 210093
- China
| | - Jinling Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Nanjing University
- Nanjing 210093
- China
| | - Yuanyuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Nanjing University
- Nanjing 210093
- China
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32
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Guo J, Feng W, Du P, Zhang R, Liu J, Liu Y, Wang Z, Lu X. Aggregation-Induced Electrochemiluminescence of Tetraphenylbenzosilole Derivatives in an Aqueous Phase System for Ultrasensitive Detection of Hexavalent Chromium. Anal Chem 2020; 92:14838-14845. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c03709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jinna Guo
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, People’s Republic of China
| | - Weiqiang Feng
- SCUT-HKUST Joint Research Institute, Guangzhou International Campus, Center for Aggregation-Induced Emission, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, People’s Republic of China
| | - Peiyao Du
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ruizhong Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jia Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yu Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhiming Wang
- SCUT-HKUST Joint Research Institute, Guangzhou International Campus, Center for Aggregation-Induced Emission, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaoquan Lu
- Key Laboratory of Bioelectrochemistry and Environmental Analysis of Gansu Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, People’s Republic of China
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33
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Chu K, Adsetts JR, He S, Zhan Z, Yang L, Wong JM, Love DA, Ding Z. Electrogenerated Chemiluminescence and Electroluminescence of N-Doped Graphene Quantum Dots Fabricated from an Electrochemical Exfoliation Process in Nitrogen-Containing Electrolytes. Chemistry 2020; 26:15892-15900. [PMID: 32780915 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202003395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Revised: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Artificial lighting sources are one of the most important technological developments for our modern lives; the search for cost-effective and efficient luminophores is therefore crucial to a sustainable future. Graphene quantum dots (GQDs) are carbon-based nanomaterials that exhibit exceptional optical and electronic properties, making them a prime candidate for a luminophore in a light-emitting device. Nitrogen-doped GQDs fabricated from a facile top-down electrochemical exfoliation process with a nitrogen-containing electrolyte in this report showed strong photoluminescent emission at 450 nm, and electrogenerated chemiluminescence at 660 nm in the presence of benzoyl peroxide as a coreactant. When introduced into solid-state light-emitting electrochemical cells, for the first time, the GQDs displayed a broad white emission centered at 610 nm, corresponding to Commision Internationale de l'eclairage (CIE) colour coordinates of (0.38, 0.36).
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth Chu
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond Street, London, ON, N6A 5B7, Canada
| | - Jonathan R Adsetts
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond Street, London, ON, N6A 5B7, Canada
| | - Shuijian He
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond Street, London, ON, N6A 5B7, Canada.,College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, P. R. China
| | - Ziying Zhan
- Department of Chemistry, College of Arts and Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 1A1, Canada
| | - Liuqing Yang
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond Street, London, ON, N6A 5B7, Canada
| | - Jonathan M Wong
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond Street, London, ON, N6A 5B7, Canada
| | - David A Love
- Rosstech Signal Inc., 71 15th Line South, Orillia, ON, L3V 6H1, Canada
| | - Zhifeng Ding
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond Street, London, ON, N6A 5B7, Canada
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34
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Kang X, Li Y, Zhu M, Jin R. Atomically precise alloy nanoclusters: syntheses, structures, and properties. Chem Soc Rev 2020; 49:6443-6514. [PMID: 32760953 DOI: 10.1039/c9cs00633h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 287] [Impact Index Per Article: 71.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Metal nanoclusters fill the gap between discrete atoms and plasmonic nanoparticles, providing unique opportunities for investigating the quantum effects and precise structure-property correlations at the atomic level. As a versatile strategy, alloying can largely improve the physicochemical performances compared to the corresponding homo-metal nanoclusters, and thus benefit the applications of such nanomaterials. In this review, we highlight the achievements of atomically precise alloy nanoclusters, and summarize the alloying principles and fundamentals, including the synthetic methods, site-preferences for different heteroatoms in the templates, and alloying-induced structure and property changes. First, based on various Au or Ag nanocluster templates, heteroatom doping modes are presented. The templates with electronic shell-closing configurations tend to maintain their structures during doping, while the others may undergo transformation and give rise to alloy nanoclusters with new structures. Second, alloy nanoclusters of specific magic sizes are reviewed. The arrangement of different atoms is related to the symmetry of the structures; that is, different atoms are symmetrically located in the nanoclusters of smaller sizes, and evolve into shell-by-shell structures at larger sizes. Then, we elaborate on the alloying effects in terms of optical, electrochemical, electroluminescent, magnetic and chiral properties, as well as the stability and reactivity via comparisons between the doped nanoclusters and their homo-metal counterparts. For example, central heteroatom-induced photoluminescence enhancement is emphasized. The applications of alloy nanoclusters in catalysis, chemical sensing, bio-labeling, and other fields are further discussed. Finally, we provide perspectives on existing issues and future efforts. Overall, this review provides a comprehensive synthetic toolbox and controllable doping modes so as to achieve more alloy nanoclusters with customized compositions, structures, and properties for applications. This review is based on publications available up to February 2020.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Kang
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Atomic Engineering of Advanced Materials, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, China.
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35
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Yu L, Zhang Q, Kang Q, Zhang B, Shen D, Zou G. Near-Infrared Electrochemiluminescence Immunoassay with Biocompatible Au Nanoclusters as Tags. Anal Chem 2020; 92:7581-7587. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c00125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Yu
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, P. R. China
- Shandong Peninsula Engineering Research Center of Comprehensive Brine Utilization, Weifang University of Science and Technology, Weifang 262700, China
| | - Qiao Zhang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, P. R. China
| | - Qi Kang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, P. R. China
| | - Bin Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Dazhong Shen
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, P. R. China
| | - Guizheng Zou
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
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36
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Zeng WJ, Wang K, Liang WB, Chai YQ, Yuan R, Zhuo Y. Covalent organic frameworks as micro-reactors: confinement-enhanced electrochemiluminescence. Chem Sci 2020; 11:5410-5414. [PMID: 34094067 PMCID: PMC8159293 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc01817a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Electrochemiluminescence (ECL) micro-reactors with enhanced intensity and extreme stability were first established by the assembly of tris(2,2′-bipyridyl) ruthenium(ii) (Ru(bpy)32+) onto covalent organic frameworks (COFs), in which a type of imine-linked COF (denoted as COF-LZU1) was employed as a model for ECL micro-reactors. Compared with the dominant ECL system of Ru(bpy)32+/tri-n-propylamine (TPrA) (TPrA as a co-reactant), the intensity of the COF-LZU1 micro-reactor-based electrode was significantly increased nearly 5-fold under the same experimental conditions, which is unprecedented in other Ru(bpy)32+-based ECL systems. This enhancement can be attributed to the large surface area, delimited space, and stable and hydrophobic porous structure of COF-LZU1, which not only enabled a huge amount of Ru(bpy)32+ to be loaded in/on COF-LZU1, but also enriched a large amount of TPrA from the aqueous solution into its inner hydrophobic cavity due to the lipophilicity of TPrA. More importantly, with its hydrophobic porous nanochannels, COF-LZU1 could act as micro-reactors to provide a delimited reaction micro-environment for the electrochemical oxidation of TPrA and the survival of TPrA˙, achieving significant confinement-enhanced ECL. To prove this principle, these Ru@COF-LZU1 micro-reactors were developed to prepare an ECL aptasensor for aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) detection with a wide detection range and a low detection limit. Overall, this work is the first report in which ECL micro-reactors are constructed with COFs to enhance the intensity and stability of the Ru(bpy)32+-based ECL system, and opens a new route to the design of other ECL micro-reactors for bioanalysis applications. The electrochemiluminescence (ECL) micro-reactors with enhanced intensity and extreme stability were firstly established, unravelling the mechanism of ECL micro-reactors using COF-LZU1 assembled Ru(bpy)32+ as a case study.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Jia Zeng
- Chongqing Engineering Laboratory of Nanomaterials & Sensor Technologies, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University Chongqing 400715 China .,National Engineering Research Center for Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine-Hakka Medical Resources Branch, College of Pharmacy, Gannan Medical University Ganzhou 341000 China
| | - Kun Wang
- Chongqing Engineering Laboratory of Nanomaterials & Sensor Technologies, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University Chongqing 400715 China
| | - Wen-Bin Liang
- Chongqing Engineering Laboratory of Nanomaterials & Sensor Technologies, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University Chongqing 400715 China
| | - Ya-Qin Chai
- Chongqing Engineering Laboratory of Nanomaterials & Sensor Technologies, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University Chongqing 400715 China
| | - Ruo Yuan
- Chongqing Engineering Laboratory of Nanomaterials & Sensor Technologies, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University Chongqing 400715 China
| | - Ying Zhuo
- Chongqing Engineering Laboratory of Nanomaterials & Sensor Technologies, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University Chongqing 400715 China
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37
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Ding H, Guo W, Su B. Electrochemiluminescence Single‐Cell Analysis: Intensity‐ and Imaging‐Based Methods. Chempluschem 2020; 85:725-733. [DOI: 10.1002/cplu.202000145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Revised: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hao Ding
- Institute of Analytical ChemistryDepartment of ChemistryZhejiang University Hangzhou 310058 P. R. China
| | - Weiliang Guo
- Institute of Analytical ChemistryDepartment of ChemistryZhejiang University Hangzhou 310058 P. R. China
| | - Bin Su
- Institute of Analytical ChemistryDepartment of ChemistryZhejiang University Hangzhou 310058 P. R. China
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38
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Kang Y, Kim J. Electrochemiluminescence of Glutathione‐Stabilized Au Nanoclusters Fractionated by Gel Electrophoresis in Water. ChemElectroChem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.201901733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yunjeong Kang
- Department of Chemistry, Research Institute for Basic SciencesKyung Hee University 26 Kyungheedae-ro Dongdaemun-gu Seoul 02447 Korea
| | - Joohoon Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Research Institute for Basic Sciences, KHU-KIST Department of Converging Science and TechnologyKyung Hee University 26 Kyungheedae-ro Dongdaemun-gu Seoul 02447 Korea
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39
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Venkateswara Raju C, Kalaiyarasan G, Paramasivam S, Joseph J, Senthil Kumar S. Phosphorous doped carbon quantum dots as an efficient solid state electrochemiluminescence platform for highly sensitive turn-on detection of Cu2+ ions. Electrochim Acta 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2019.135391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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40
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Peng H, Huang Z, Deng H, Wu W, Huang K, Li Z, Chen W, Liu J. Dual Enhancement of Gold Nanocluster Electrochemiluminescence: Electrocatalytic Excitation and Aggregation‐Induced Emission. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 59:9982-9985. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201913445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Huaping Peng
- Higher Educational Key Laboratory for Nano Biomedical Technology of Fujian ProvinceDepartment of Pharmaceutical AnalysisFaculty of PharmacyFujian Medical University Fuzhou 350108 P. R. China
| | - Zhongnan Huang
- Higher Educational Key Laboratory for Nano Biomedical Technology of Fujian ProvinceDepartment of Pharmaceutical AnalysisFaculty of PharmacyFujian Medical University Fuzhou 350108 P. R. China
| | - Haohua Deng
- Higher Educational Key Laboratory for Nano Biomedical Technology of Fujian ProvinceDepartment of Pharmaceutical AnalysisFaculty of PharmacyFujian Medical University Fuzhou 350108 P. R. China
| | - Weihua Wu
- Higher Educational Key Laboratory for Nano Biomedical Technology of Fujian ProvinceDepartment of Pharmaceutical AnalysisFaculty of PharmacyFujian Medical University Fuzhou 350108 P. R. China
| | - Kaiyuan Huang
- Higher Educational Key Laboratory for Nano Biomedical Technology of Fujian ProvinceDepartment of Pharmaceutical AnalysisFaculty of PharmacyFujian Medical University Fuzhou 350108 P. R. China
| | - Zhenglian Li
- Higher Educational Key Laboratory for Nano Biomedical Technology of Fujian ProvinceDepartment of Pharmaceutical AnalysisFaculty of PharmacyFujian Medical University Fuzhou 350108 P. R. China
| | - Wei Chen
- Higher Educational Key Laboratory for Nano Biomedical Technology of Fujian ProvinceDepartment of Pharmaceutical AnalysisFaculty of PharmacyFujian Medical University Fuzhou 350108 P. R. China
| | - Juewen Liu
- Department of ChemistryWaterloo Institute for NanotechnologyUniversity of Waterloo Waterloo Ontario N2L 3G1 Canada
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41
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Peng H, Huang Z, Deng H, Wu W, Huang K, Li Z, Chen W, Liu J. Dual Enhancement of Gold Nanocluster Electrochemiluminescence: Electrocatalytic Excitation and Aggregation‐Induced Emission. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201913445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Huaping Peng
- Higher Educational Key Laboratory for Nano Biomedical Technology of Fujian ProvinceDepartment of Pharmaceutical AnalysisFaculty of PharmacyFujian Medical University Fuzhou 350108 P. R. China
| | - Zhongnan Huang
- Higher Educational Key Laboratory for Nano Biomedical Technology of Fujian ProvinceDepartment of Pharmaceutical AnalysisFaculty of PharmacyFujian Medical University Fuzhou 350108 P. R. China
| | - Haohua Deng
- Higher Educational Key Laboratory for Nano Biomedical Technology of Fujian ProvinceDepartment of Pharmaceutical AnalysisFaculty of PharmacyFujian Medical University Fuzhou 350108 P. R. China
| | - Weihua Wu
- Higher Educational Key Laboratory for Nano Biomedical Technology of Fujian ProvinceDepartment of Pharmaceutical AnalysisFaculty of PharmacyFujian Medical University Fuzhou 350108 P. R. China
| | - Kaiyuan Huang
- Higher Educational Key Laboratory for Nano Biomedical Technology of Fujian ProvinceDepartment of Pharmaceutical AnalysisFaculty of PharmacyFujian Medical University Fuzhou 350108 P. R. China
| | - Zhenglian Li
- Higher Educational Key Laboratory for Nano Biomedical Technology of Fujian ProvinceDepartment of Pharmaceutical AnalysisFaculty of PharmacyFujian Medical University Fuzhou 350108 P. R. China
| | - Wei Chen
- Higher Educational Key Laboratory for Nano Biomedical Technology of Fujian ProvinceDepartment of Pharmaceutical AnalysisFaculty of PharmacyFujian Medical University Fuzhou 350108 P. R. China
| | - Juewen Liu
- Department of ChemistryWaterloo Institute for NanotechnologyUniversity of Waterloo Waterloo Ontario N2L 3G1 Canada
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42
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Kang X, Zhu M. Metal Nanoclusters Stabilized by Selenol Ligands. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2019; 15:e1902703. [PMID: 31482648 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201902703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2019] [Revised: 07/25/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The past decades have witnessed great advances in controllable synthesis, structure determination, and property investigation of metal nanoclusters. Selenolated nanoclusters, a special branch in the nanocluster family, have attracted great interest in these years. The electronegativity and atomic radius of selenium is different from sulfur, and thus the selenolated nanoclusters are anticipated to display different electronic/geometric structures and distinct chemical/physical properties relative to their thiolated analogues. This review covers the syntheses, structures, and properties of selenolated nanoclusters (including Au, Ag, Cu, and alloy nanoclusters). Ligand effects (between SeR and SR) on nanocluster properties, including optical absorption, stability, and electrochemical properties, are disclosed as well. At the end of the review, a scope for improvements and future perspectives of selenolated nanoclusters is highlighted. The review hopefully opens up new horizons for cluster scientists to synthesize more selenolated nanoclusters with novel structures and properties. This review is based on publications available up to May 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Kang
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Atomic Engineering of Advanced Materials, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui, 230601, China
| | - Manzhou Zhu
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Atomic Engineering of Advanced Materials, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui, 230601, China
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43
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Chen S, Ma H, Padelford JW, Qinchen W, Yu W, Wang S, Zhu M, Wang G. Near Infrared Electrochemiluminescence of Rod-Shape 25-Atom AuAg Nanoclusters That Is Hundreds-Fold Stronger Than That of Ru(bpy)3 Standard. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:9603-9609. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b02547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Chen
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Atomic Engineering of Advanced Materials & Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, P. R. China
- Department of Chemistry, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia 30302, United States
| | - Hedi Ma
- Department of Chemistry, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia 30302, United States
| | - Jonathan W. Padelford
- Department of Chemistry, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia 30302, United States
| | - Wanli Qinchen
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Atomic Engineering of Advanced Materials & Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, P. R. China
| | - Wei Yu
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Atomic Engineering of Advanced Materials & Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, P. R. China
| | - Shuxin Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Atomic Engineering of Advanced Materials & Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, P. R. China
| | - Manzhou Zhu
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Atomic Engineering of Advanced Materials & Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, P. R. China
| | - Gangli Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia 30302, United States
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44
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Yang L, Zhang B, Fu L, Fu K, Zou G. Efficient and Monochromatic Electrochemiluminescence of Aqueous‐Soluble Au Nanoclusters via Host–Guest Recognition. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:6901-6905. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201900115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Liqiong Yang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringShandong University Jinan 250100 China
| | - Bin Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringShandong University Jinan 250100 China
| | - Li Fu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringShandong University Jinan 250100 China
| | - Kena Fu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringShandong University Jinan 250100 China
| | - Guizheng Zou
- School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringShandong University Jinan 250100 China
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45
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Jiang H, Qin Z, Zheng Y, Liu L, Wang X. Aggregation-Induced Electrochemiluminescence by Metal-Binding Protein Responsive Hydrogel Scaffolds. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2019; 15:e1901170. [PMID: 30951259 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201901170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Functionalized hydrogels have aroused general interest due to their versatile applications in biomaterial fields. This work reports a hydrogel network composed of gold nanoclusters linked with bivalent cations such as Ca2+ , Mg2+ , and Zn2+ . The hydrogel exhibits both aggregation-induced emission (AIE) and aggregation-induced electrochemiluminescence (AIECL) effects. Most noteworthy, the AIECL effect (≈50-fold enhancement) is even more significant than the corresponding AIE effect (approximately fivefold enhancement). Calmodulin, a Ca2+ binding protein, may efficiently regulate the AIECL dynamics after specific binding of the Ca2+ linker, with the linear range from 0.3 to 50 µg mL-1 and a limit of detection of 0.1 µg mL-1 . Considering the important roles of bivalent cations in the life system, these results may pave a new avenue for the design of a biomolecule-responsive AIECL-type hydrogel with multifunctional biomedical purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Biomedical Engineering Education, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, P. R. China
| | - Zhaojian Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Biomedical Engineering Education, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, P. R. China
| | - Youkun Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Biomedical Engineering Education, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, P. R. China
| | - Liu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Biomedical Engineering Education, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, P. R. China
| | - Xuemei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Biomedical Engineering Education, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, P. R. China
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46
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Chen Y, Zhao D, Fu J, Gou X, Jiang D, Dong H, Zhu JJ. In Situ Imaging Facet-Induced Spatial Heterogeneity of Electrocatalytic Reaction Activity at the Subparticle Level via Electrochemiluminescence Microscopy. Anal Chem 2019; 91:6829-6835. [PMID: 31006237 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b01044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Investigating catalytic behavior of heterogeneous catalysts, especially at the crystal facets level, is crucial for rational catalyst design in the energy and environmental fields. Here we demonstrate an efficient approach to in situ visualize and analyze the heterogeneity of electrocatalytic activity on different facets at the subparticle level via electrochemiluminescence (ECL) microscopy. ZnO crystals with various exposed facet proportions were synthesized, and the correlation between their electrocatalytic performance toward luminol analogue degradation and the exposed facets is established. It is clearly imaged that the ZnO (002) facet has superior catalytic performance compared to the ZnO (100) facet, which is supported by theoretical computation and electrochemical experiments as the facet-induced heterogeneity of the catalytic effect on oxygen reduction into the key reactant for ECL. Accordingly, the spatial heterogeneity of electrocatalytic activity at different facets on one particle is visualized for the first time. The realization of subparticle ECL imaging and kinetic analysis could provide a special approach to visualize facet-induced spatial heterogeneity of catalytic behavior and valuable information for the catalysis study and analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Nanjing University , Nanjing , Jiangsu 210023 , China
| | - Dongbo Zhao
- Kuang Yaming Honors School , Nanjing University , Nanjing , Jiangsu 210023 , China
| | - Jiaju Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Nanjing University , Nanjing , Jiangsu 210023 , China
| | - Xiaodan Gou
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Nanjing University , Nanjing , Jiangsu 210023 , China
| | - Dechen Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Nanjing University , Nanjing , Jiangsu 210023 , China
| | - Hao Dong
- Kuang Yaming Honors School , Nanjing University , Nanjing , Jiangsu 210023 , China
| | - Jun-Jie Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Nanjing University , Nanjing , Jiangsu 210023 , China
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47
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Yang L, Zhang B, Fu L, Fu K, Zou G. Efficient and Monochromatic Electrochemiluminescence of Aqueous‐Soluble Au Nanoclusters via Host–Guest Recognition. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201900115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Liqiong Yang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringShandong University Jinan 250100 China
| | - Bin Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringShandong University Jinan 250100 China
| | - Li Fu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringShandong University Jinan 250100 China
| | - Kena Fu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringShandong University Jinan 250100 China
| | - Guizheng Zou
- School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringShandong University Jinan 250100 China
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48
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N-heterocyclic carbene-functionalized magic-number gold nanoclusters. Nat Chem 2019; 11:419-425. [DOI: 10.1038/s41557-019-0246-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 219] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2018] [Accepted: 02/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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49
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Liu JL, Zhang JQ, Tang ZL, Zhuo Y, Chai YQ, Yuan R. Near-infrared aggregation-induced enhanced electrochemiluminescence from tetraphenylethylene nanocrystals: a new generation of ECL emitters. Chem Sci 2019; 10:4497-4501. [PMID: 31057778 PMCID: PMC6482880 DOI: 10.1039/c9sc00084d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2019] [Accepted: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Tetraphenylethylene nanocrystals as new ECL emitters with near-infrared aggregation-induced enhanced electrochemiluminescence exhibited high ECL efficiency and excellent biocompatibility.
Herein, we observed near-infrared electrochemiluminescence (NIR ECL) emission from tetraphenylethylene nanocrystals (TPE NCs), which exhibit high ECL efficiency and excellent biocompatibility compared with the current NIR ECL emitters (such as semiconductor quantum dots and metal nanoclusters). The strong ECL signal of TPE NCs originates from the aggregation-induced enhanced ECL emission via improvement of the efficiency of electron hole recombination and suppression of the nonradiative transition. Impressively, the TPE NCs exhibit an enormous red-shifted ECL emission (678 nm) relative to the blue-light photoluminescence (PL) emission (440 nm). Compared to fluorescence imaging which is limited by photobleaching and autofluorescence, the NIR ECL emission of TPE NCs is highly favorable to diminish background interference over visible light and realize deeper tissue penetration, which expands the ECL emission of organic nanomaterials to the NIR region for broader biological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Li Liu
- Key Laboratory of Luminescent and Real-Time Analytical Chemistry , Ministry of Education , College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Southwest University , Chongqing 400715 , China . ;
| | - Jia-Qi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Luminescent and Real-Time Analytical Chemistry , Ministry of Education , College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Southwest University , Chongqing 400715 , China . ;
| | - Zhi-Ling Tang
- Key Laboratory of Luminescent and Real-Time Analytical Chemistry , Ministry of Education , College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Southwest University , Chongqing 400715 , China . ;
| | - Ying Zhuo
- Key Laboratory of Luminescent and Real-Time Analytical Chemistry , Ministry of Education , College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Southwest University , Chongqing 400715 , China . ;
| | - Ya-Qin Chai
- Key Laboratory of Luminescent and Real-Time Analytical Chemistry , Ministry of Education , College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Southwest University , Chongqing 400715 , China . ;
| | - Ruo Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Luminescent and Real-Time Analytical Chemistry , Ministry of Education , College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Southwest University , Chongqing 400715 , China . ;
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50
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Maar RR, Zhang R, Stephens DG, Ding Z, Gilroy JB. Near‐Infrared Photoluminescence and Electrochemiluminescence from a Remarkably Simple Boron Difluoride Formazanate Dye. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:1052-1056. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201811144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ryan R. Maar
- Department of Chemistry and The Centre for Advanced Materials and Biomaterials ResearchThe University of Western Ontario 1151 Richmond Street North London Ontario N6A 5B7 Canada
| | - Ruizhong Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and The Centre for Advanced Materials and Biomaterials ResearchThe University of Western Ontario 1151 Richmond Street North London Ontario N6A 5B7 Canada
| | - David G. Stephens
- Department of Chemistry and The Centre for Advanced Materials and Biomaterials ResearchThe University of Western Ontario 1151 Richmond Street North London Ontario N6A 5B7 Canada
| | - Zhifeng Ding
- Department of Chemistry and The Centre for Advanced Materials and Biomaterials ResearchThe University of Western Ontario 1151 Richmond Street North London Ontario N6A 5B7 Canada
| | - Joe B. Gilroy
- Department of Chemistry and The Centre for Advanced Materials and Biomaterials ResearchThe University of Western Ontario 1151 Richmond Street North London Ontario N6A 5B7 Canada
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