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Liu Q, Liu H, Zhang W, Ma Q, Xu Q, Hooshyari K, Su H. Enhancing Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cells with Ionic Liquids: A Review. Chemistry 2023:e202303525. [PMID: 38149791 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202303525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023]
Abstract
Polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) represent a promising clean energy solution. However, their widespread adoption faces hurdles related to component optimization. This review explores the pivotal role of ionic liquids (ILs) in enhancing PEMFC performance, focusing on their role in polymer electrolyte membranes, catalyst modification, and other components. By addressing key obstacles, including proton conductivity, catalyst stability, and fuel crossover, ILs provide a pathway towards the widespread commercialization of PEMFCs. In the realm of PEMFC membranes, ILs have shown great potential in improving proton conductivity, mechanical strength, and thermal stability. Additionally, the utilization of ILs as catalyst modifiers has shown promise in enhancing the electrocatalytic activity of electrodes by serving as an effective stabilizer to promote the dispersion of metal nanoparticles, and reduce their agglomeration, thereby augmenting catalytic performance. Furthermore, ILs can be tailored to optimize the catalyst-support interaction, ultimately enhancing the overall fuel cell efficiency. Their unique properties, such as high oxygen solubility and low volatility, offer advantages in terms of reducing mass transport and water management issues. This review not only underscores the promising advancements achieved thus far but also outlines the challenges that must be addressed to unlock the full potential of ILs in PEMFC technology, offering a valuable resource for researchers and engineers working toward the realization of efficient and durable PEMFCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingqing Liu
- Institute for Energy Research, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, 212013, PR China
| | - Huiyuan Liu
- Institute for Energy Research, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, 212013, PR China
| | - Weiqi Zhang
- Institute for Energy Research, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, 212013, PR China
| | - Qiang Ma
- Institute for Energy Research, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, 212013, PR China
| | - Qian Xu
- Institute for Energy Research, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, 212013, PR China
| | - Khadijeh Hooshyari
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Urmia University, Urmia, 5756151818, Iran
| | - Huaneng Su
- Institute for Energy Research, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, 212013, PR China
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Song J, Zhao W, Zhou L, Meng H, Wang H, Guan P, Li M, Zou Y, Feng W, Zhang M, Zhu L, He P, Liu F, Zhang Y. Rational Materials and Structure Design for Improving the Performance and Durability of High Temperature Proton Exchange Membranes (HT-PEMs). ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2303969. [PMID: 37653601 PMCID: PMC10602569 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202303969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogen energy as the next-generation clean energy carrier has attracted the attention of both academic and industrial fields. A key limit in the current stage is the operation temperature of hydrogen fuel cells, which lies in the slow development of high-temperature and high-efficiency proton exchange membranes. Currently, much research effort has been devoted to this field, and very innovative material systems have been developed. The authors think it is the right time to make a short summary of the high-temperature proton exchange membranes (HT-PEMs), the fundamentals, and developments, which can help the researchers to clearly and efficiently gain the key information. In this paper, the development of key materials and optimization strategies, the degradation mechanism and possible solutions, and the most common morphology characterization techniques as well as correlations between morphology and overall properties have been systematically summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingnan Song
- School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringFrontiers Science Center for Transformative MoleculesCenter of Hydrogen ScienceShanghai Key Lab of Electrical Insulation & Thermal AgingShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai200240P. R. China
| | - Wutong Zhao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringFrontiers Science Center for Transformative MoleculesCenter of Hydrogen ScienceShanghai Key Lab of Electrical Insulation & Thermal AgingShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai200240P. R. China
| | - Libo Zhou
- School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringFrontiers Science Center for Transformative MoleculesCenter of Hydrogen ScienceShanghai Key Lab of Electrical Insulation & Thermal AgingShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai200240P. R. China
| | - Hongjie Meng
- School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringFrontiers Science Center for Transformative MoleculesCenter of Hydrogen ScienceShanghai Key Lab of Electrical Insulation & Thermal AgingShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai200240P. R. China
| | - Haibo Wang
- Shanghai Maxim Fuel Cell Technology CompanyShanghai201401P. R. China
| | - Panpan Guan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringFrontiers Science Center for Transformative MoleculesCenter of Hydrogen ScienceShanghai Key Lab of Electrical Insulation & Thermal AgingShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai200240P. R. China
| | - Min Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringFrontiers Science Center for Transformative MoleculesCenter of Hydrogen ScienceShanghai Key Lab of Electrical Insulation & Thermal AgingShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai200240P. R. China
| | - Yecheng Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Fluorinated Functional Membrane Materials and Dongyue Future Hydrogen Energy Materials CompanyZiboShandong256401P. R. China
| | - Wei Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Fluorinated Functional Membrane Materials and Dongyue Future Hydrogen Energy Materials CompanyZiboShandong256401P. R. China
| | - Ming Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringFrontiers Science Center for Transformative MoleculesCenter of Hydrogen ScienceShanghai Key Lab of Electrical Insulation & Thermal AgingShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai200240P. R. China
| | - Lei Zhu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringFrontiers Science Center for Transformative MoleculesCenter of Hydrogen ScienceShanghai Key Lab of Electrical Insulation & Thermal AgingShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai200240P. R. China
| | - Ping He
- Shanghai Maxim Fuel Cell Technology CompanyShanghai201401P. R. China
| | - Feng Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringFrontiers Science Center for Transformative MoleculesCenter of Hydrogen ScienceShanghai Key Lab of Electrical Insulation & Thermal AgingShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai200240P. R. China
| | - Yongming Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringFrontiers Science Center for Transformative MoleculesCenter of Hydrogen ScienceShanghai Key Lab of Electrical Insulation & Thermal AgingShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai200240P. R. China
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Maiti TK, Singh J, Dixit P, Majhi J, Bhushan S, Bandyopadhyay A, Chattopadhyay S. Advances in perfluorosulfonic acid-based proton exchange membranes for fuel cell applications: A review. CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL ADVANCES 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ceja.2022.100372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
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Wong CY, Wong WY, Loh KS, Lim KL. Protic ionic liquids as next-generation proton exchange membrane materials: Current status & future perspectives. REACT FUNCT POLYM 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2022.105160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Prykhodko Y, Martin A, Oulyadi H, Kobzar YL, Marais S, Fatyeyeva K. Imidazolium-based protic ionic liquids with perfluorinated anions: Influence of chemical structure on thermal properties. J Mol Liq 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2021.117782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Maria Mahimai B, Sivasubramanian G, Kulasekaran P, Deivanayagam P. Sulfonated polystyrene- block-poly(ethylene-ran-butylene)- block-polystyrene based membranes containing CuO@g-C 3N 4 embedded with 2,4,6-triphenylpyrylium tetrafluoroborate for fuel cell applications. SOFT MATTER 2021; 17:8387-8393. [PMID: 34550155 DOI: 10.1039/d1sm01015h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
New series of polymer composite membranes were prepared from sulfonated polystyrene-block-poly(ethylene-ran-butylene)-block-polystyrene (S-PSEBS) and copper oxide loaded in graphitic carbon nitride (CuO@N-C) embedded with an ionic liquid, 2,4,6-triphenylpyrylium tetrafluoroborate. The structural and physicochemical properties of the composite membranes were studied in detail. Electrolyte membrane loaded with 8.0 wt% of CuO@N-C exhibited the maximum ion-exchange capacity of 3.1 meq. g-1, whereas that of the pristine membrane was restricted to 1.8 meq. g-1. From the TGA profile of the composite membrane, it was found to exhibit adequate thermal stability to be employed as electrolyte in fuel cells. Proton conductivity of the composite membranes was found to be in the range between 0.0179 S cm-1 and 0.0229 S cm-1. Indeed, the substantial results achieved with the S-PSEBS/CuO@N-C composite membranes were indicative of the notable features of the membranes for use in fuel cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Berlina Maria Mahimai
- Department of Chemistry, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur 603203, Chengalpattu, Tamilnadu, India.
| | - Gandhimathi Sivasubramanian
- Department of Physics, SRM Valliammai Engineering College, Kattankulathur 603203, Chengalpattu, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Poonkuzhali Kulasekaran
- Department of Chemistry, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur 603203, Chengalpattu, Tamilnadu, India.
| | - Paradesi Deivanayagam
- Department of Chemistry, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur 603203, Chengalpattu, Tamilnadu, India.
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Karimi MB, Mohammadi F, Hooshyari K. Potential use of deep eutectic solvents (DESs) to enhance anhydrous proton conductivity of Nafion 115® membrane for fuel cell applications. J Memb Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2020.118217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Sun N, Gao X, Wu A, Lu F, Zheng L. Mechanically strong ionogels formed by immobilizing ionic liquid in polyzwitterion networks. J Mol Liq 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2017.10.121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Abstract
In this comprehensive review, recent progress and developments on perfluorinated sulfonic-acid (PFSA) membranes have been summarized on many key topics. Although quite well investigated for decades, PFSA ionomers' complex behavior, along with their key role in many emerging technologies, have presented significant scientific challenges but also helped create a unique cross-disciplinary research field to overcome such challenges. Research and progress on PFSAs, especially when considered with their applications, are at the forefront of bridging electrochemistry and polymer (physics), which have also opened up development of state-of-the-art in situ characterization techniques as well as multiphysics computation models. Topics reviewed stem from correlating the various physical (e.g., mechanical) and transport properties with morphology and structure across time and length scales. In addition, topics of recent interest such as structure/transport correlations and modeling, composite PFSA membranes, degradation phenomena, and PFSA thin films are presented. Throughout, the impact of PFSA chemistry and side-chain is also discussed to present a broader perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmet Kusoglu
- Energy Conversion Group, Energy Technologies Area, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory , 1 Cyclotron Road, MS70-108B, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Adam Z Weber
- Energy Conversion Group, Energy Technologies Area, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory , 1 Cyclotron Road, MS70-108B, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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Affiliation(s)
- Ananda S. Amarasekara
- Department of Chemistry, Prairie View A&M University, Prairie View, Texas 77446, United States
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Hanot S, Lyonnard S, Mossa S. Water confined in self-assembled ionic surfactant nano-structures. SOFT MATTER 2015; 11:2469-2478. [PMID: 25674917 DOI: 10.1039/c5sm00179j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
We present a coarse-grained model for ionic surfactants in explicit aqueous solutions, and study by computer simulation both the impact of water content on the morphology of the system, and the consequent effect of the formed interfaces on the structural features of the absorbed fluid. On increasing the hydration level under ambient conditions, the model exhibits a series of three distinct phases: lamellar, cylindrical and micellar. We characterize the different structures in terms of diffraction patterns and neutron scattering static structure factors. We demonstrate that the rate of variation of the nano-metric sizes of the self-assembled water domains shows peculiar changes in the different phases. We also analyse in depth the structure of the water/confining matrix interfaces, the implications of their tunable degree of curvature, and the properties of water molecules in different restricted environments. Finally, we compare our results with experimental data and their impact on a wide range of important scientific and technological domains, where the behavior of water at the interface with soft materials is crucial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Hanot
- Institut Laue-Langevin, 71 avenue des Martyrs, CS 20156, 38042 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
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Gao X, Lu F, Dong B, Zhou T, Liu Y, Zheng L. Temperature-responsive proton-conductive liquid crystals formed by the self-assembly of zwitterionic ionic liquids. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra10830f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanostructured proton conductors having hexagonal and cubic structures were constructed by the self-assembly of zwitterionic ionic liquids. These nanostructured proton conductors all exhibited an assembled-structure dependent proton conduction behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinpei Gao
- Key laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry
- Shandong University
- Ministry of Education
- Jinan
- P. R. China
| | - Fei Lu
- Key laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry
- Shandong University
- Ministry of Education
- Jinan
- P. R. China
| | - Bin Dong
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Dalian
- P. R. China
| | - Tao Zhou
- Key laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry
- Shandong University
- Ministry of Education
- Jinan
- P. R. China
| | - Yizhi Liu
- Key laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry
- Shandong University
- Ministry of Education
- Jinan
- P. R. China
| | - Liqiang Zheng
- Key laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry
- Shandong University
- Ministry of Education
- Jinan
- P. R. China
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