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Seesala VS, Sheikh L, Basu B, Mukherjee S. Mechanical and Bioactive Properties of PMMA Bone Cement: A Review. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2024. [PMID: 39240690 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.4c00779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/08/2024]
Abstract
Over the past few decades, poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) based bone cement has been clinically used extensively in orthopedics for arthroplasty and kyphoplasty, due to its biocompatibility and excellent primary fixation to the host bone. In this focused review, we discuss the use of various fillers and secondary chemical moieties to improve the bioactivity and the physicochemical properties. The viscosity of the PMMA blend formulations and working time are crucial to achieving intimate contact with the osseous tissue, which is highly sensitive to organic or inorganic fillers. Hydroxyapatite as a reinforcement resulted in compromised mechanical properties of the modified cement. The possible mechanisms of the additive- or filler-dependent strengthening or weakening of the PMMA blend are critically reviewed. The addition of layered double hydroxides with surface functionalization appears to be a promising approach to enhance the bonding of filler with the PMMA matrix. Such an approach consequently improves the mechanical properties, owing to enhanced dispersion as well as contributions from crack bridging. Finally, the use of emerging alternatives, such as nanoparticles, and the use of natural biomolecules were highlighted to improve bioactivity and antibacterial properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Venkata Sundeep Seesala
- Advanced Materials and Characterization Group, Research and Development Division, Tata Steel Ltd, Jamshedpur 831001, India
| | - Lubna Sheikh
- Advanced Materials and Characterization Group, Research and Development Division, Tata Steel Ltd, Jamshedpur 831001, India
| | - Bikramjit Basu
- Laboratory for Biomaterials, Materials Research Centre, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru 560012, India
| | - Subrata Mukherjee
- Advanced Materials and Characterization Group, Research and Development Division, Tata Steel Ltd, Jamshedpur 831001, India
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Bhat AH, Rangreez TA, Inamuddin, Chisti HTN. Wastewater Treatment and Biomedical Applications of Montmorillonite
Based Nanocomposites: A Review. CURR ANAL CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.2174/1573411016999200729123309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background::
Rapid industrialisation, population growth and technological race worldwide have brought adverse
consequences on water resources and as a result affect human health. Toxic metal ions, non-biodegradable dyes, organic
pollutants, pesticides, pharmaceuticals are among the chief hazardous materials released into the water bodies from various
sources. These hazardous contaminants drastically affect the flora and fauna globally leading to health deterioration there
by giving rise to new biomedical challenges.
Hypothesis::
Montmorillonite based nanocomposites (MMTCs) have drawn an attention of the researchers to design
environmental friendly, advanced and hygienic nanocomposites for wastewater treatment and biomedical purposes.
Montmorillonite clay possesses peculiar physical and chemical properties that include enhanced surface reactivity, improved
rheological performance, exorbitant miscibility in water due to which it shows highly favourable interactions with polymers,
drugs, metals, mixed metals and metal oxides leading to the fabrication of different types of advanced montmorillonite
based nanocomposites that have remarkable applications
Methodology::
Here we review the structural characteristics of montmorillonite clay, advances in the synthetic techniques
involved in the fabrication of montmorillonite nanocomposites, their applications in waste water treatment and in bio
medical field. The recently developed montmorillonite nanocomposites for (1) waste water treatment as nano-adsorbents
for the elimination of toxic inorganic species such as metal ions and heterogeneous photo-catalysts for photo degradation
of dyes, pesticides and pharmaceuticals (2) biomedical utilization viz drug delivery, wound amelioration, bone cement,
tissue engineering etc. are presented
Conclusion::
The review exclusively focuses on recent research on montmorillonite based nanocomposites and their
application in wastewater treatment and in biomedical field
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Affiliation(s)
- Aabid Hussain Bhat
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology, Srinagar, J&K-190006,India,India
| | | | - Inamuddin
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdul Aziz University, Jeddah,Saudi Arabia
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3
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Erezuma I, Eufrasio‐da‐Silva T, Golafshan N, Deo K, Mishra YK, Castilho M, Gaharwar AK, Leeuwenburgh S, Dolatshahi‐Pirouz A, Orive G. Nanoclay Reinforced Biomaterials for Mending Musculoskeletal Tissue Disorders. Adv Healthc Mater 2021; 10:e2100217. [PMID: 34185438 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202100217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Nanoclay-reinforced biomaterials have sparked a new avenue in advanced healthcare materials that can potentially revolutionize treatment of musculoskeletal defects. Native tissues display many important chemical, mechanical, biological, and physical properties that engineered biomaterials need to mimic for optimal tissue integration and regeneration. However, it is time-consuming and difficult to endow such combinatorial properties on materials via feasible and nontoxic procedures. Fortunately, a number of nanomaterials such as graphene, carbon nanotubes, MXenes, and nanoclays already display a plethora of material properties that can be transferred to biomaterials through a simple incorporation procedure. In this direction, the members of the nanoclay family are easy to functionalize chemically, they can significantly reinforce the mechanical performance of biomaterials, and can provide bioactive properties by ionic dissolution products to upregulate cartilage and bone tissue formation. For this reason, nanoclays can become a key component for future orthopedic biomaterials. In this review, we specifically focus on the rapidly decreasing gap between clinic and laboratory by highlighting their application in a number of promising in vivo studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Itsasne Erezuma
- NanoBioCel Group Laboratory of Pharmaceutics School of Pharmacy University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU) Paseo de la Universidad 7 Vitoria‐Gasteiz 01006 Spain
- Bioaraba NanoBioCel Research Group Vitoria‐Gasteiz 01009 Spain
| | - Tatiane Eufrasio‐da‐Silva
- Department of Dentistry – Regenerative Biomaterials Radboud University Medical Center Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences Nijmegen 6525 The Netherlands
| | - Nasim Golafshan
- Department of Orthopedics University Medical Center Utrecht Utrecht GA 3584 the Netherlands
- Regenerative Medicine Utrecht Utrecht 3584 the Netherlands
| | - Kaivalya Deo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering College of Engineering Texas A&M University College Station TX‐77843 USA
| | - Yogendra Kumar Mishra
- Mads Clausen Institute NanoSYD University of Southern Denmark Alsion 2 Sønderborg 6400 Denmark
| | - Miguel Castilho
- Department of Orthopedics University Medical Center Utrecht Utrecht GA 3584 the Netherlands
- Regenerative Medicine Utrecht Utrecht 3584 the Netherlands
- Department of Biomedical Engineering Eindhoven University of Technology Eindhoven MB 5600 The Netherlands
| | - Akhilesh K. Gaharwar
- Department of Biomedical Engineering College of Engineering Texas A&M University College Station TX‐77843 USA
- Material Science and Engineering College of Engineering Texas A&M University College Station TX 77843 USA
- Center for Remote Health Technologies and Systems Texas A&M University College Station TX 77843 USA
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Genetics Texas A&M University College Station TX‐77843 USA
| | - Sander Leeuwenburgh
- Department of Biomaterials Radboud University Medical Center Philips van Leydenlaan 25 Nijmegen 6525 EX the Netherlands
| | - Alireza Dolatshahi‐Pirouz
- Department of Dentistry – Regenerative Biomaterials Radboud University Medical Center Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences Nijmegen 6525 The Netherlands
- Department of Health Technology Center for Intestinal Absorption and Transport of Biopharmaceuticals Technical University of Denmark Sønderborg 2800 Kgs Denmark
| | - Gorka Orive
- NanoBioCel Group Laboratory of Pharmaceutics School of Pharmacy University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU) Paseo de la Universidad 7 Vitoria‐Gasteiz 01006 Spain
- Bioaraba NanoBioCel Research Group Vitoria‐Gasteiz 01009 Spain
- Biomedical Research Networking Centre in Bioengineering Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER‐BBN) Vitoria‐Gasteiz 01006 Spain
- University Institute for Regenerative Medicine and Oral Implantology – UIRMI (UPV/EHU‐Fundación Eduardo Anitua) Vitoria 01007 Spain
- Singapore Eye Research Institute The Academia, 20 College Road, Discovery Tower Singapore 169856 Singapore
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4
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Potency of nanolay on structural, mechanical and gas barrier properties of poly(ethylene terephthalate) Nanohybrid. JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s10965-020-2011-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Saxena D, Rana D, Bhoje Gowd E, Maiti P. Improvement in mechanical and structural properties of poly(ethylene terephthalate) nanohybrid. SN APPLIED SCIENCES 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s42452-019-1406-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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6
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Karfarma M, Esnaashary MH, Rezaie HR, Javadpour J, Naimi-Jamal MR. Poly(propylene fumarate)/magnesium calcium phosphate injectable bone composite: Effect of filler size and its weight fraction on mechanical properties. Proc Inst Mech Eng H 2019; 233:1165-1174. [PMID: 31545134 DOI: 10.1177/0954411919877277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to produce a composite of poly(propylene fumarate)/magnesium calcium phosphate as a substitutional implant in the treatment of trabecular bone defects. So, the effect of magnesium calcium phosphate particle size, magnesium calcium phosphate:poly(propylene fumarate) weight ratio on compressive strength, Young's modulus, and toughness was assessed by considering effective fracture mechanisms. Micro-sized (∼30 µm) and nano-sized (∼50 nm) magnesium calcium phosphate particles were synthesized via emulsion precipitation and planetary milling methods, respectively, and added to poly(propylene fumarate) up to 20 wt.%. Compressive strength, Young's modulus, and toughness of the composites were measured by compressive test, and effective fracture mechanisms were evaluated by imaging fracture surface. In both micro- and nano-composites, the highest compressive strength was obtained by adding 10 wt.% magnesium calcium phosphate particles, and the enhancement in nano-composite was superior to micro-one. The micrographs of fracture surface revealed different mechanisms such as crack pinning, void plastic growth, and particle cleavage. According to the results, the produced composite can be considered as a candidate for substituting hard tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masoud Karfarma
- School of Metallurgy and Materials Engineering, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Hamid Reza Rezaie
- School of Metallurgy and Materials Engineering, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Jafar Javadpour
- School of Metallurgy and Materials Engineering, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Naimi-Jamal
- Research Laboratory of Green Organic Synthesis and Polymers, Department of Chemistry, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran, Iran
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7
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Singh AP, Biswas A, Shukla A, Maiti P. Targeted therapy in chronic diseases using nanomaterial-based drug delivery vehicles. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2019; 4:33. [PMID: 31637012 PMCID: PMC6799838 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-019-0068-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 255] [Impact Index Per Article: 51.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2019] [Revised: 08/01/2019] [Accepted: 08/01/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The application of nanomedicines is increasing rapidly with the promise of targeted and efficient drug delivery. Nanomedicines address the shortcomings of conventional therapy, as evidenced by several preclinical and clinical investigations indicating site-specific drug delivery, reduced side effects, and better treatment outcome. The development of suitable and biocompatible drug delivery vehicles is a prerequisite that has been successfully achieved by using simple and functionalized liposomes, nanoparticles, hydrogels, micelles, dendrimers, and mesoporous particles. A variety of drug delivery vehicles have been established for the targeted and controlled delivery of therapeutic agents in a wide range of chronic diseases, such as diabetes, cancer, atherosclerosis, myocardial ischemia, asthma, pulmonary tuberculosis, Parkinson's disease, and Alzheimer's disease. After successful outcomes in preclinical and clinical trials, many of these drugs have been marketed for human use, such as Abraxane®, Caelyx®, Mepact®, Myocet®, Emend®, and Rapamune®. Apart from drugs/compounds, novel therapeutic agents, such as peptides, nucleic acids (DNA and RNA), and genes have also shown potential to be used as nanomedicines for the treatment of several chronic ailments. However, a large number of extensive clinical trials are still needed to ensure the short-term and long-term effects of nanomedicines in humans. This review discusses the advantages of various drug delivery vehicles for better understanding of their utility in terms of current medical needs. Furthermore, the application of a wide range of nanomedicines is also described in the context of major chronic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akhand Pratap Singh
- School of Materials Science and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi, 221005 India
| | - Arpan Biswas
- School of Materials Science and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi, 221005 India
| | - Aparna Shukla
- School of Materials Science and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi, 221005 India
| | - Pralay Maiti
- School of Materials Science and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi, 221005 India
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8
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Choppadandi M, More N, Kapusetti G. Detoxification of poly(methyl methacrylate) bone cement by natural antioxidant intervention. J Biomed Mater Res A 2019; 107:2835-2847. [PMID: 31433892 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.36785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2018] [Revised: 08/07/2019] [Accepted: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) bone cement is the most widely used grouting material in the joint arthroplasties and vertebroplasties. The present investigation has been carried out to scavenge the radicals and monomer by addition of an antioxidant to minimize the toxicity of bone cement (BC). The in silico studies were employed to determine the potent natural antioxidant at physiological conditions. The antioxidant methionine demonstrated a strong binding affinity with free radicals and methyl methacrylate (MMA) monomer than cysteine. The designated amount of methionine was optimized by various assay methods and >2% methionine shows strong scavenging capacity in BC. Moreover, the antioxidant-loaded BC (ABC) demonstrated similar handling, physicochemical and mechanical properties to pristine bone cement. Significantly, the developed formulation shows superior biological characteristics such as cell proliferation (2 ± 1 BC and 6 ± 1 ABC), adhesion (0.32 ± 0.02 BC and 0.54 ± 0.01 ABC), and cell viability (81 ± 2% BC and 93 ± 1% ABC) toward human osteoblast-like cells (MG-63). Therefore, the novel antioxidant bone cement is a potential candidate for various orthopedic applications to eliminate the adverse effects, related to residual toxic radical and monomer in bone cement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mounika Choppadandi
- Department of Medical Devices, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Ahmedabad, Ahmedabad, India
| | - Namdev More
- Department of Medical Devices, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Ahmedabad, Ahmedabad, India
| | - Govinda Kapusetti
- Department of Medical Devices, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Ahmedabad, Ahmedabad, India
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9
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Tithito T, Suntornsaratoon P, Charoenphandhu N, Thongbunchoo J, Krishnamra N, Tang IM, Pon-On W. Fabrication of biocomposite scaffolds made with modified hydroxyapatite inclusion of chitosan-grafted-poly(methyl methacrylate) for bone tissue engineering. Biomed Mater 2019; 14:025013. [PMID: 30690438 DOI: 10.1088/1748-605x/ab025f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, composite scaffolds of chitosan-graft-poly(methyl methacrylate) (Chi-g-PMMA) and mineral ions-loaded hydroxyapatite (mHA) (obtained by the hydrothermal treatment of hydroxyapatite (HA) in a simulated body fluid (SBF) solution (mHA@Chi-g-PMMA)) were prepared by the blending method. The physical properties, bioactivity, biological properties and their capabilities for sustained drug and protein release were studied. Physicochemical analysis showed a successful incorporation of the mineral ions in the HA particles and a good distribution of the mHA within the Chi-g-PMMA polymer matrix. The compressive strength and the Young's modulus were 15.760 ± 0.718 and 658.452 ± 17.020 MPa, respectively. In bioactivity studies, more apatite formation on the surface were seen after immersion in the SBF solution. In vitro growth experiments using UMR-106 osteoblast-like cells on the mHA@Chi-g-PMMA scaffold case showed that the attachment, viability and proliferation of the cells on the scaffolds had improved after 7 d of immersion. The in vitro release of two compounds (the cancer drug, doxorubicin (DOX)) and bovine serum albumin (BSA)), which had been attached to separate mHA@Chi-g-PMMA scaffolds, were studied to determine their suitability as drug delivery vehicles. It was found that the sustained release of DOX was 73.95% and of BSA was 57.27% after 25 h of incubation. These experimental results demonstrated that the mHA@Chi-g-PMMA composite can be utilized as a scaffold for bone cells ingrowth and also be used for drug delivery during the bone repairing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanatsaparn Tithito
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, 10900, Thailand
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10
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Sharma R, Kapusetti G, Bhong SY, Roy P, Singh SK, Singh S, Balavigneswaran CK, Mahato KK, Ray B, Maiti P, Misra N. Osteoconductive Amine-Functionalized Graphene–Poly(methyl methacrylate) Bone Cement Composite with Controlled Exothermic Polymerization. Bioconjug Chem 2017; 28:2254-2265. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.7b00241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Govinda Kapusetti
- Department
of Medical Devices, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Ahmedabad 380054, India
| | - Sayali Yashwant Bhong
- Department
of Medical Devices, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Ahmedabad 380054, India
| | - Partha Roy
- Department
of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee 247667, India
| | - Santosh Kumar Singh
- Centre
of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Shikha Singh
- Department
of Chemistry, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
| | | | | | - Biswajit Ray
- Department
of Chemistry, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
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11
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Qin L, Zhao Y, Liu J, Hou J, Zhang Y, Wang J, Zhu J, Zhang B, Lvov Y, Van der Bruggen B. Oriented Clay Nanotube Membrane Assembled on Microporous Polymeric Substrates. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2016; 8:34914-34923. [PMID: 27936539 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b12858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Organized arrays of halloysite clay nanotubes have great potential in molecular separation, absorption, and biomedical applications. A highly oriented layer of halloysite on polyacrylonitrile porous membrane was prepared via a facile evaporation-induced method. Scanning electronic microscopy, surface attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy mapping indicated formation of the nanoarchitecture-controlled membrane. The well-ordered nanotube coating allowed for the excellent dye rejection (97.7% for reactive black 5) with high salt permeation (86.5% for aqueous NaCl), and thus these membranes were suitable for dye purification or concentration. These well-aligned nanotubes' composite membranes also showed very good fouling resistance against dye accumulation and bovine serum albumin adsorption as compared to the pristine polyacrylonitrile or membrane coated with disordered halloysite layer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijuan Qin
- School of Chemical Engineering and Energy, Zhengzhou University , Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Yafei Zhao
- School of Chemical Engineering and Energy, Zhengzhou University , Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Jindun Liu
- School of Chemical Engineering and Energy, Zhengzhou University , Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Jingwei Hou
- UNESCO Centre for Membrane Science and Technology, University of New South Wales , Sydney, Australia
| | - Yatao Zhang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Energy, Zhengzhou University , Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Jing Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Energy, Zhengzhou University , Zhengzhou 450001, China
- Department of Chemical Engineering, KU Leuven , Heverlee, Belgium
| | - Junyong Zhu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, KU Leuven , Heverlee, Belgium
| | - Bing Zhang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Energy, Zhengzhou University , Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Yuri Lvov
- Institute for Micromanufacturing, Louisiana Tech University , Ruston, Louisiana 71270, United States
- I. Gubkin Russian State University of Oil and Gas , Moscow 119991, Russia
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12
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Rai A, Senapati S, Saraf SK, Maiti P. Biodegradable poly(ε-caprolactone) as a controlled drug delivery vehicle of vancomycin for the treatment of MRSA infection. J Mater Chem B 2016; 4:5151-5160. [PMID: 32263513 DOI: 10.1039/c6tb01623e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Biodegradable poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) is developed as a controlled drug delivery vehicle of vancomycin (VMC) with the advantage of avoiding a second surgery. The PCL-VMC hybrid, prepared through a solution route, is used as a delivery vehicle for vancomycin for controlling MRSA osteomyelitis as well as healing the cavity simultaneously in an experimental study. An in vitro study is conducted to optimize vancomycin impregnation in the PCL-VMC hybrid. An in vitro study on drug release from the hybrid material is investigated in phosphate buffer saline showing steady and sustained release of the drug. The release kinetics is fitted with several models and a non-Fickian nature is established following the Korsmeyer-Peppas model. Spectroscopic techniques and morphology observations reveal the cause of sustained release to be the strong interaction between the drug and the polymer. The results of the antibacterial assay show that the loading of vancomycin into the PCL matrix is able to maintain the activity of the pure drug. For the in vivo study, a unicortical defect is created in the metaphysis of the distal femur in rabbits. After contaminating the defect with MRSA, the 1st group of rabbits were treated with pure polymer, the 2nd group of rabbits were treated with normal saline (PBS), the 3rd group of rabbits were treated with pure VMC and in the last group of rabbits PCL-VMC was placed. Rabbits are assessed by clinical, radiological, histological, gross examination and bacterial load assays. Infection persisted throughout the period of study for both the pure polymer and PBS treated rabbits while rabbits treated with the PCL-VMC hybrid do not show any sign of infection. The VMC treated group rabbits show mild infection for the 1st week of the study; however, the infection becomes gradually more severe with time. Serial histology confirms the formation of new bone without any inflammation and necrosis for the rabbits treated with PCL-VMC. Importantly, the PCL-VMC hybrid bioadsorbs after delivery of the drug and thereby avoids the second surgery to remove the conventional implant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alok Rai
- Department of Orthopedics, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221 005, India.
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13
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Lewis G. Properties of nanofiller-loaded poly (methyl methacrylate) bone cement composites for orthopedic applications: a review. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2016; 105:1260-1284. [DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.33643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2015] [Revised: 11/09/2015] [Accepted: 02/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gladius Lewis
- Department of Mechanical Engineering; The University of Memphis; Memphis, 316 Engineering Science Building Tennessee 38152
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14
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Senapati S, Thakur R, Verma SP, Duggal S, Mishra DP, Das P, Shripathi T, Kumar M, Rana D, Maiti P. Layered double hydroxides as effective carrier for anticancer drugs and tailoring of release rate through interlayer anions. J Control Release 2016; 224:186-198. [PMID: 26774219 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2016.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2015] [Revised: 12/28/2015] [Accepted: 01/11/2016] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Hydrophobic anticancer drug, raloxifene hydrochloride (RH) is intercalated into a series of magnesium aluminum layered double hydroxides (LDHs) with various charge density anions through ion exchange technique for controlled drug delivery. The particle nature of the LDH in presence of drug is determined through electron microscopy and surface morphology. The release of drug from the RH intercalated LDHs was made very fast or sustained by altering the exchangeable anions followed by the modified Freundlich and parabolic diffusion models. The drug release rate is explained from the interactions between the drug and LDHs along with order-disorder structure of drug intercalated LDHs. Nitrate bound LDH exhibits greater interaction with drug and sustained drug delivery against the loosely interacted phosphate bound LDH-drug, which shows fast release. Cell viability through MTT assay suggests drug intercalated LDHs as better drug delivery vehicle for cancer cell line against poor bioavailability of the pure drug. In vivo study with mice indicates the differential tumor healing which becomes fast for greater drug release system but the body weight index clearly hints at damaged organ in the case of fast release system. Histopathological experiment confirms the damaged liver of the mice treated either with pure drug or phosphate bound LDH-drug, fast release system, vis-à-vis normal liver cell morphology for sluggish drug release system with steady healing rate of tumor. These observations clearly demonstrate that nitrate bound LDH nanoparticle is a potential drug delivery vehicle for anticancer drugs without any side effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudipta Senapati
- School of Materials Science and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi 221 005, India
| | - Ravi Thakur
- Cell Death Research Laboratory, Division of Endocrinology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Shiv Prakash Verma
- Centre for Genetic Disorders, Faculty of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Shivali Duggal
- Cell Death Research Laboratory, Division of Endocrinology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Durga Prasad Mishra
- Cell Death Research Laboratory, Division of Endocrinology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Parimal Das
- Centre for Genetic Disorders, Faculty of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
| | - T Shripathi
- UGC-DAE CSR, University Campus, Khandwa Road, Indore 452 001, India
| | - Mohan Kumar
- Department of Pathology, Institute of Medical Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Dipak Rana
- Industrial Membrane Research Institute, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Ottawa, 161 Louis Pasteur St., Ottawa, ON KIN 6N5, Canada
| | - Pralay Maiti
- School of Materials Science and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi 221 005, India.
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15
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Kumar S, Maiti P. Controlled biodegradation of polymers using nanoparticles and its application. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra08641a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Controlled biodegradation mechanism has been revealed using different nanoparticles which eventually regulate pH of media.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunil Kumar
- School of Materials Science and Technology
- Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University)
- Varanasi 221 005
- India
| | - Pralay Maiti
- School of Materials Science and Technology
- Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University)
- Varanasi 221 005
- India
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16
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Abid CKVZ, Jain S, Jackeray R, Chattopadhyay S, Singh H. Formulation and characterization of antimicrobial quaternary ammonium dendrimer in poly(methyl methcarylate) bone cement. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2015; 105:521-530. [PMID: 26584408 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.33553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2014] [Revised: 07/31/2015] [Accepted: 10/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The use of novel antimicrobial molecules in bone cement can improve efficiency of recuperation after arthroplasty or joint replacement surgeries, avoiding the risks associated with antibiotic resistant antimicrobial agents. Nanomaterials particularly dendrimers are particularly useful for making broad spectrum killing agents owing to their large surface areas and functionalities. Therefore, we have synthesized generation 1 quaternary ammonium dendrimer of tripropylene glycol diacrylate (TPGDA) using octyl iodide (OI) [TPGDA G1.0 (=) quaternary octyl iodide (QOI)] and capitalized on their capabilities of contact killing based mechanism. We formulated different TPGDA G1.0 (=) QOI antimicrobial agent loaded liquid component composed of methyl methacrylate monomer and N,N-dimethyl-p-toluidine coinitiator. Different polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) based experimental bone cement formulations were made and dendrimer concentration was optimized. Mechanical strength and compressive modulus of modified bone cement decreased on increasing concentrations and 10% was optimized for further analysis. The mechanical strength of bone cement yield the similar trend in wet conditions bone cement immersed in artificially created stimulated body fluids. Ten percent TPGDA G1.0 (=) QOI in bone cement was sufficient to kill gram positive and negative bacteria and its property is retained even after a period of 30 days. Thus novel dendritic structures show promise for clinical antimicrobial activity while retaining mechanical properties of bone cements. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 105B: 521-530, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- C K V Zainul Abid
- Center for Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi, 110016, India
| | - Swati Jain
- Center for Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi, 110016, India
| | - Richa Jackeray
- Center for Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi, 110016, India
| | - Sruti Chattopadhyay
- Center for Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi, 110016, India
| | - Harpal Singh
- Center for Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi, 110016, India
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No YJ, Roohani-Esfahani SI, Zreiqat H. Nanomaterials: the next step in injectable bone cements. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2015; 9:1745-64. [PMID: 25321173 DOI: 10.2217/nnm.14.109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Injectable bone cements (IBCs) are biocompatible materials that can be used as bone defect fillers in maxillofacial surgeries and in orthopedic fracture treatment in order to augment weakened bone due to osteoporosis. Current clinically available IBCs, such as polymethylmethacrylate and calcium phosphate cement, have certain advantages; however, they possess several drawbacks that prevent them from gaining universal acceptance. New gel-based injectable materials have also been developed, but these are too mechanically weak for load-bearing applications. Recent research has focused on improving various injectable materials using nanomaterials in order to render them suitable for bone tissue regeneration. This article outlines the requirements of IBCs, the advantages and limitations of currently available IBCs and the state-of-the-art developments that have demonstrated the effects of nanomaterials within injectable systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Jung No
- Biomaterials & Tissue Engineering Research Unit, School of AMME, The University of Sydney, Sydney 2006, Australia
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18
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Salarian M, Xu WZ, Biesinger MC, Charpentier PA. Synthesis and characterization of novel TiO2-poly(propylene fumarate) nanocomposites for bone cementation. J Mater Chem B 2014; 2:5145-5156. [DOI: 10.1039/c4tb00715h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
A novel composite material made from poly(propylene fumarate) (PPF) and titania nanofibers has been synthesized for potential use as an orthopaedic biomaterial with TiO2 nanofibers chemically linked to the PPF matrix as a reinforcing phase to enhance its mechanical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehrnaz Salarian
- Biomedical Engineering Graduate Program
- University of Western Ontario
- London, Canada
| | - William Z. Xu
- Chemical and Biochemical Engineering Department
- University of Western Ontario
- London, Canada
| | | | - Paul A. Charpentier
- Biomedical Engineering Graduate Program
- University of Western Ontario
- London, Canada
- Chemical and Biochemical Engineering Department
- University of Western Ontario
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