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Stafford JM, Wyatt MD, McInnes C. Inhibitors of the PLK1 polo-box domain: drug design strategies and therapeutic opportunities in cancer. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2023; 18:65-81. [PMID: 36524399 DOI: 10.1080/17460441.2023.2159942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Polo Like Kinase 1 (PLK1) is a key regulator of mitosis and its overexpression is frequently observed in a wide variety of human cancers, while often being associated with poor survival rates. Therefore, it is considered a potential and attractive target for cancer therapeutic development. The Polo like kinase family is characterized by the presence of a unique C terminal polobox domain (PBD) involved in regulating kinase activity and subcellular localization. Among the two functionally essential, druggable sites with distinct properties that PLK1 offers, targeting the PBD presents an alternative approach for therapeutic development. AREAS COVERED Significant progress has been made in progressing from the peptidic PBD inhibitors first identified, to peptidomimetic and recently drug-like small molecules. In this review, the rationale for targeting the PBD over the ATP binding site is discussed, along with recent progress, challenges, and outlook. EXPERT OPINION The PBD has emerged as a viable alternative target for the inhibition of PLK1, and progress has been made in using compounds to elucidate mechanistic aspects of activity regulation and in determining roles of the PBD. Studies have resulted in proof of concept of in vivo efficacy suggesting promise for PBD binders in clinical development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessy M Stafford
- Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Michael D Wyatt
- Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Campbell McInnes
- Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
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2
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Jiang S, Geng YX, Liu WJ, Wang ZY, Zhang CY. Construction of a phos-tag-directed self-assembled fluorescent magnetobiosensor for the simultaneous detection of multiple protein kinases. J Mater Chem B 2022; 10:9992-10000. [PMID: 36449302 DOI: 10.1039/d2tb01820a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Protein kinases play important roles in regulating various cellular processes and may function as potential diagnostic and therapeutic targets for various diseases including cancers. Herein, we construct a phos-tag-directed self-assembled fluorescent magnetobiosensor to simultaneously detect multiple protein kinases with good selectivity and high sensitivity. In the presence of protein kinases (i.e., PKA and Akt1), their substrate peptides (i.e., a FITC-labeled substrate peptide and a Cy5-labeled substrate peptide) are phosphorylated, and are then specifically recognized and captured by a biotinylated phos-tag to generate biotinylated substrate peptides for the assembly of magnetic bead (MB)-peptides-FITC/Cy5 nanostructures. After magnetic separation, the phosphorylated substrate peptides are disassembled from the MB-peptides-FITC/Cy5 nanostructures using deionized water at 80 °C, releasing FITC and Cy5 molecules. The released FITC and Cy5 molecules are detected by steady-state fluorescence measurements, with FITC indicating PKA and Cy5 indicating Akt1. This magnetobiosensor only involves one phos-tag without the requirement of radiolabeling, antibody screening, carboxypeptidase Y (CPY) cleavage, and cumbersome chemical/enzyme reactions. The introduction of magnetic separation can effectively eliminate the interference from complex real samples, generating an extremely low background signal. Moreover, this magnetobiosensor can accurately measure cellular protein kinase activities and screen inhibitors, with great potential for kinase-related biomedical research and therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su Jiang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250014, China.
| | - Yi-Xuan Geng
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250014, China.
| | - Wen-Jing Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, China
| | - Zi-Yue Wang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250014, China.
| | - Chun-Yang Zhang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250014, China.
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Chau HF, Wu Y, Fok WY, Thor W, Cho WCS, Ma P, Lin J, Mak NK, Bünzli JCG, Jiang L, Long NJ, Lung HL, Wong KL. Lanthanide-Based Peptide-Directed Visible/Near-Infrared Imaging and Inhibition of LMP1. JACS AU 2021; 1:1034-1043. [PMID: 34467347 PMCID: PMC8395644 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.1c00187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
A lanthanide-based peptide-directed bioprobe LnP19 (Ln = Eu or Yb) is designed as an impressive example of a small molecule-based dual-functional probe for the EBV oncoprotein LMP1. The peptide P19 (Pra-KAhx-K-LDLALK-FWLY-K-IVMSDKW-K-RrRK) is designed to selectively bind to LMP1 by mimicking its TM1 region during oligomerization in lipid rafts while signal transduction is significantly suppressed. Immunofluorescence imaging and Western blotting results reveal that P19 can effectively inactivate the oncogenic cellular pathway nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) and contribute to a selective cytotoxic effect on LMP1-positive cells. By conjugation with cyclen-based europium(III) and ytterbium(III) complexes, EuP19 and YbP19 were constructed to offer visible and near-infrared LMP1-targeted imaging and cancer monitoring. In addition to the ability to target and inhibit LMP1 and to selective inhibit LMP1-positive cells, selective growth inhibition toward the LMP1-positive tumor by LnP19 is also demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ho-Fai Chau
- Department
of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yue Wu
- Department
of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Wan-Yiu Fok
- Department
of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Waygen Thor
- Department
of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - William Chi-Shing Cho
- Department
of Clinical Oncology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital,
Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Ping’an Ma
- State
Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Jun Lin
- State
Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Nai-Ki Mak
- Department
of Biology, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Jean-Claude G. Bünzli
- Department
of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- ISIC, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Lijun Jiang
- Department
of Applied Biological and Chemical Technology, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Nicholas J. Long
- Department
of Chemistry, Imperial College London, Molecular Sciences Research Hub,
White City Campus, Wood Lane, London W12 0BZ, United Kingdom
| | - Hong Lok Lung
- Department
of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Ka-Leung Wong
- Department
of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong SAR, China
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4
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Recent progress in luminescent materials based on lanthanide complexes intercalated synthetic clays. J RARE EARTH 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jre.2018.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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5
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He G, Ma Y, Zhu Y, Yong L, Liu X, Wang P, Liang C, Yang C, Zhao Z, Hai B, Pan X, Liu Z, Liu X, Mao C. Cross Talk Between Autophagy and Apoptosis Contributes to ZnO Nanoparticle-Induced Human Osteosarcoma Cell Death. Adv Healthc Mater 2018; 7:e1800332. [PMID: 29900694 PMCID: PMC6310009 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201800332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2018] [Revised: 05/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Killing osteosarcoma cells by zinc oxide nanoparticles (NPs) and its underlying subcellular mechanism are never studied. Here, it is found that the NPs induce cross talk between apoptosis and autophagy, which leads to osteosarcoma cell death. Specifically, the NP uptake promotes autophagy by inducing accumulation of autophagosomes along with impairment of lysosomal functions. The autophagy further causes the uptaken NPs to release zinc ions by promoting their dissolution. These intracellular zinc ions, together with those that are originally released from the extracellular NPs and flowed into the cells, collectively target and damage mitochondria to produce reactive oxygen species (ROS). Then the ROS inhibit cell proliferation by arresting S phase and trigger apoptosis by extrinsic and intrinsic pathways, ultimately leading to cell death. More importantly, suppression of the early stage autophagy restores cell viability by abolishing apoptosis whereas blockade of the late stage autophagy inversely enhances apoptosis. In contrast, inhibition of apoptosis shows a limited ability to restore cell viability but obviously enhance autophagy. Notably, cell viability is strongly ameliorated by the combination of inhibitors for both the late stage autophagy and the apoptosis. These findings provide a mechanistic understanding of the NP-directed autophagy and apoptosis in osteosarcoma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanping He
- Department of Orthopedics, Peking University Third Hospital, No. 49, North Garden Street, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yunlong Ma
- The Center for Pain Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, No. 49, North Garden Street, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Ye Zhu
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Stephenson Life Sciences Research Center, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma 73019, USA
| | - Lei Yong
- Department of Orthopedics, Peking University Third Hospital, No. 49, North Garden Street, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Xiao Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, Peking University Third Hospital, No. 49, North Garden Street, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Peng Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Peking University Third Hospital, No. 49, North Garden Street, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Chen Liang
- Department of Orthopedics, Peking University Third Hospital, No. 49, North Garden Street, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Chenlong Yang
- Department of Orthopedics, Peking University Third Hospital, No. 49, North Garden Street, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Zhigang Zhao
- Department of Orthopedics, Peking University Third Hospital, No. 49, North Garden Street, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Bao Hai
- Department of Orthopedics, Peking University Third Hospital, No. 49, North Garden Street, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Xiaoyu Pan
- Department of Orthopedics, Peking University Third Hospital, No. 49, North Garden Street, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Zhongjun Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, Peking University Third Hospital, No. 49, North Garden Street, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Xiaoguang Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, Peking University Third Hospital, No. 49, North Garden Street, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Chuanbin Mao
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Stephenson Life Sciences Research Center, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma 73019, USA
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Li A, Xu D, Lin H, Yang S, Shao Y, Zhang Y. NaGd(MoO4)2 nanocrystals with diverse morphologies: controlled synthesis, growth mechanism, photoluminescence and thermometric properties. Sci Rep 2016; 6:31366. [PMID: 27506629 PMCID: PMC4979211 DOI: 10.1038/srep31366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2016] [Accepted: 07/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Pure tetragonal phase, uniform and well-crystallized sodium gadolinium molybdate (NaGd(MoO4)2) nanocrystals with diverse morphologies, e.g. nanocylinders, nanocubes and square nanoplates have been selectively synthesized via oleic acid-mediated hydrothermal method. The phase, structure, morphology and composition of the as-synthesized products are studied. Contents of both sodium molybdate and oleic acid of the precursor solutions are found to affect the morphologies of the products significantly, and oleic acid plays a key role in the morphology-controlled synthesis of NaGd(MoO4)2 nanocrystals with diverse morphologies. Growth mechanism of NaGd(MoO4)2 nanocrystals is proposed based on time-dependent morphology evolution and X-ray diffraction analysis. Morphology-dependent down-shifting photoluminescence properties of NaGd(MoO4)2: Eu(3+) nanocrystals, and upconversion photoluminescence properties of NaGd(MoO4)2: Yb(3+)/Er(3+) and Yb(3+)/Tm(3+) nanoplates are investigated in detail. Charge transfer band in the down-shifting excitation spectra shows a slight blue-shift, and the luminescence intensities and lifetimes of Eu(3+) are decreased gradually with the morphology of the nanocrystals varying from nanocubes to thin square nanoplates. Upconversion energy transfer mechanisms of NaGd(MoO4)2: Yb(3+)/Er(3+), Yb(3+)/Tm(3+) nanoplates are proposed based on the energy level scheme and power dependence of upconversion emissions. Thermometric properties of NaGd(MoO4)2: Yb(3+)/Er(3+) nanoplates are investigated, and the maximum sensitivity is determined to be 0.01333 K(-1) at 285 K.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anming Li
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Materials Science and Engineering/School of Physics, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
- Institute of Optoelectronic Engineering, Department of Optoelectronic Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Dekang Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Materials Science and Engineering/School of Physics, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Hao Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Materials Science and Engineering/School of Physics, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Shenghong Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Materials Science and Engineering/School of Physics, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Yuanzhi Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Materials Science and Engineering/School of Physics, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Yueli Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Materials Science and Engineering/School of Physics, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
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Lear S, Cobb SL. Pep-Calc.com: a set of web utilities for the calculation of peptide and peptoid properties and automatic mass spectral peak assignment. J Comput Aided Mol Des 2016; 30:271-7. [PMID: 26909892 PMCID: PMC4801989 DOI: 10.1007/s10822-016-9902-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2015] [Accepted: 02/12/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The ability to calculate molecular properties such as molecular weights, isoelectric points, and extinction coefficients is vital for scientists using and/or synthesizing peptides and peptoids for research. A suite of two web utilities: Peptide Calculator and Peptoid Calculator, available free at http://www.pep-calc.com, are presented. Both tools allow the calculation of peptide/peptoid chemical formulae and molecular weight, ChemDraw structure file export and automatic assignment of mass spectral peaks to deletion sequences and metal/protecting group adducts. Peptide Calculator also provides a calculated isoelectric point, molar extinction coefficient, graphical peptide charge summary and β-strand contiguity profile (for aggregation-prone sequences), indicating potential regions of synthesis difficulty. In addition to the unique automatic spectral assignment features offered across both utilities, Peptoid Calculator represents a first-of-a-kind resource for researchers in the field of peptoid science. With a constantly expanding database of over 120 amino acids, non-natural peptide building blocks and peptoid building blocks, it is anticipated that Pep-Calc.com will act as a valuable asset to those working on the synthesis and/or application of peptides and peptoids in the biophysical and life sciences fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sam Lear
- Department of Chemistry, Durham University, South Road, Durham, DH1 3LE, UK.
| | - Steven L Cobb
- Department of Chemistry, Durham University, South Road, Durham, DH1 3LE, UK
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