1
|
Kim M, Jung S, Lee DJ, Lin KYA, Jeon YJ, Rinklebe J, Klinghoffer NB, Kwon EE. Biodiesel synthesis from swine manure. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2020; 317:124032. [PMID: 32829119 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2020.124032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2020] [Revised: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
This study demonstrates that the biodiesel (BD) from swine manure (SM) could be a promising way for large scale generation of biofuel. Also, the economic and environmental benefits of SM derived BD were evaluated. Transesterification of lipid contents extracted from the collected SM had low BD yield (14.2 wt%) using H2SO4 catalyst due to high acid value and impurities. However, thermo-chemical non-catalytic transesterification with a porous material showed 94.7 wt% yield of BD from the lipid in SM. Considering the current population of swine, the annual production of BD from SM was estimated. The SM derived BD could cover 19.7 and 46.8 wt% of BD currently produced in both Korea and the USA with the economic benefits of up to $96 million and $2.1 billion, respectively. The proposed approach also can save vast arable lands needed to cultivate oil-bearing feedstocks for BD production.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Minyoung Kim
- Department of Environment and Energy, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, South Korea
| | - Sungyup Jung
- Department of Environment and Energy, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, South Korea
| | - Dong-Jun Lee
- Department of Environment and Energy, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, South Korea; Department of Animal Environment, National Institute of Animal Science, Wanju 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Kun-Yi Andrew Lin
- Department of Environmental Engineering & Innovation and Development Center of Sustainable Agriculture & Research Center of Sustainable Energy and Nanotechnology, National Chung Hsing University, 250 Kuo-Kuang Road, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Young Jae Jeon
- Department of Microbiology, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, South Korea
| | - Jörg Rinklebe
- Department of Environment and Energy, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, South Korea; Soil- and Groundwater-Management, Institute of Foundation Engineering, Water and Waste Management, School of Architecture and Civil Engineering, University of Wuppertal, Pauluskirchstraße 7, 42285 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Naomi B Klinghoffer
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, The University of Western Ontario, London N6A 5B9, Ontario, Canada
| | - Eilhann E Kwon
- Department of Environment and Energy, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, South Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
|
3
|
Lee J, Tsang YF, Oh JI, Hong S, Kim C, Kwon EE. Analysis of fatty acids in mouse tissue via in situ transmethylation with biochar. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2019; 41:1723-1728. [PMID: 28455818 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-017-9965-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2016] [Accepted: 04/21/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Lipid derivatization technology-mediated fatty acid profiling studies have been suggested to dissect the contents of lipids in white fat and brown fat tissue. The focus of this study is to profile fatty acid lipidomics in brown adipose tissue and white adipose tissue of mice by derivatizing their lipids into fatty acid methyl esters via in situ transmethylation using a rice husk-derived biochar as porous media. The in situ transmethylation using biochar is advantageous in biological analysis because there was no loss of samples inevitably occurring in the loss of lipid in solvent extraction and purification steps.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jechan Lee
- Department of Environment and Energy, Sejong University, Seoul, 05006, Korea
| | - Yiu Fai Tsang
- Department of Science and Environmental Studies, The Educational University of Hong Kong, Tai Po, Hong Kong
| | - Jeong-Ik Oh
- Advanced Technology Department, Land and Housing Institute, Daejeon, 34047, Korea
| | - Seokmann Hong
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Sejong University, Seoul, 05006, Korea
| | - Changsung Kim
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Sejong University, Seoul, 05006, Korea.
| | - Eilhann E Kwon
- Department of Environment and Energy, Sejong University, Seoul, 05006, Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Jung JM, Lee J, Kim KH, Jang IG, Song JG, Kang K, Tack FMG, Oh JI, Kwon EE, Kim HW. The effect of lead exposure on fatty acid composition in mouse brain analyzed using pseudo-catalytic derivatization. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2017; 222:182-190. [PMID: 28104346 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2016.12.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2016] [Revised: 12/10/2016] [Accepted: 12/22/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
We performed toxicological study of mice exposed to lead by quantifying fatty acids in brain of the mice. This study suggests that the introduced analytical method had an extremely high tolerance against impurities such as water and extractives; thus, it led to the enhanced resolution in visualizing the spectrum of fatty acid profiles in animal brain. Furthermore, one of the biggest technical advantages achieved in this study was the quantitation of fatty acid methyl ester profiles of mouse brain using a trace amount of sample (e.g., 100 μL mixture). Methanol was screened as the most effective extraction solvent for mouse brain. The behavioral test of the mice before and after lead exposure was conducted to see the effect of lead exposure on fatty acid composition of the mice' brain. The lead exposure led to changes in disease-related behavior of the mice. Also, the lead exposure induced significant alterations of fatty acid profile (C16:0, C 18:0, and C 18:1) in brain of the mice, implicated in pathology of psychiatric diseases. The alteration of fatty acid profile of brain of the mice suggests that the derivatizing technique can be applicable to most research fields associated with the environmental neurotoxins with better resolution in a short time, as compared to the current protocols for lipid analysis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jong-Min Jung
- Department of Environment and Energy, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea
| | - Jechan Lee
- Department of Environment and Energy, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki-Hyun Kim
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - In Geon Jang
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Gwang Song
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyeongjin Kang
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Filip M G Tack
- Department of Applied Analytical and Physical Chemistry, Ghent University, Ghent 9000, Belgium
| | - Jeong-Ik Oh
- Advanced Technology Department, Land & Housing Institute, Daejon 34047, Republic of Korea
| | - Eilhann E Kwon
- Department of Environment and Energy, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hyung-Wook Kim
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Jung JM, Lee J, Oh JI, Kim HW, Kwon EE. Estimating total lipid content of Camelina sativa via pyrolysis assisted in-situ transesterification with dimethyl carbonate. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2017; 225:121-126. [PMID: 27888728 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2016.11.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2016] [Revised: 11/14/2016] [Accepted: 11/15/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Direct derivatization of C. sativa seed into FAMEs without lipid extraction was conducted for the quantification of lipid analysis via in-situ thermal methylation with dimethyl carbonate as an acyl acceptor on silica (SiO2). The introduced method had an extraordinarily high tolerance against impurities such as pyrolytic products and moisture. To ensure the technical completeness of in-situ methylation, thermal cracking of FAMEs transformed from C. sativa seed was also explored. Thermal cracking of unsaturated FAMEs such as C18:1, C18:2, C18:3 and C20:1 occurred at temperatures higher than 365°C due to their thermal instability. Thus, experimental findings in this study suggests not only that qualitative analysis of fatty acid profile in C. sativa seed via in-situ methylation using SiO2 could be achieve, but also that the total lipid content (42.65wt.%) in C. sativa seed could be accurately estimated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jong-Min Jung
- Department of Environment and Energy, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea
| | - Jechan Lee
- Department of Environment and Energy, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Ik Oh
- Advanced Technology Department, Land & Housing Institute, Daejeon 34047, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung-Wook Kim
- College of Life Sciences, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea.
| | - Eilhann E Kwon
- Department of Environment and Energy, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Park KT, Shon JC, Kim JE, Park GH, Choi HJ, Liu KH. Sulfatides Primarily Exist in the Substantia Nigra Region of Mouse Brain Tissue. Lipids 2017; 52:179-187. [PMID: 28078602 DOI: 10.1007/s11745-016-4224-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2016] [Accepted: 12/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Lipid distribution in the brain is important for many biological functions and has been associated with some brain diseases. The aim of this study was to investigate lipid distribution in different regions of brain tissue in mice. To this end, substantia nigra (SN), caudate putamen (CPu), hippocampus (Hip), hypothalamus (Hyp), and cortex (Cx) tissues of mice were analyzed using direct infusion nanoelectrospray-ion trap mass spectrometry and multivariate analyses. The SN, CPu, Hip, Hyp, and Cx groups showed clear differences in lipid distribution using principal component analysis and a partial least-squares discriminant analysis score plot, and lipid levels were significantly different in different brain regions. In particular, sulfatides were mainly distributed in the SN region. Our results could be used to help understand the functions and mechanisms of lipids in various brain diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kab-Tae Park
- BK21 Plus KNU Multi-Omics Based Creative Drug Research Team, College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Korea
| | - Jong Cheol Shon
- BK21 Plus KNU Multi-Omics Based Creative Drug Research Team, College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Korea
| | - Ji-Eun Kim
- BK21 Plus KNU Multi-Omics Based Creative Drug Research Team, College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Korea
| | - Gyu Hwan Park
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Korea
| | - Hyun Jin Choi
- College of Pharmacy and Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, CHA University, Seongnam, 13488, Korea.
| | - Kwang-Hyeon Liu
- BK21 Plus KNU Multi-Omics Based Creative Drug Research Team, College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Jung JM, Lee J, Kim J, Kim KH, Kim HW, Jeon YJ, Kwon EE. Enhanced thermal destruction of toxic microalgal biomass by using CO2. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2016; 566-567:575-583. [PMID: 27236623 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.05.161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2016] [Revised: 05/16/2016] [Accepted: 05/22/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
This work confirmed that dominant microalgal strain in the eutrophic site (the Han River in Korea) was Microcystis aeruginosa (M. aeruginosa) secreting toxins. Collected and dried microalgal biomass had an offensive odor due to microalgal lipid, of which the content reached up to 2±0.2wt.% of microalgal biomass (dry basis). This study has validated that the offensive odor is attributed to the C3-6 range of volatile fatty acids (VFAs), which was experimentally identified by the non-catalytic transformation of triglycerides (TGs) and free fatty acids (FFAs) in microalgal biomass into fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs). In particular, this study mechanistically investigated the influence of CO2 in the thermal destruction (i.e., pyrolysis) of hazardous microalgal biomass in order to achieve dual purposes (i.e., thermal disposal of hazardous microalgal biomass and energy recovery). The influence of CO2 in pyrolysis of microalgal biomass was identified as 1) the enhanced thermal cracking behaviors of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from the thermal degradation of microalgal biomass and 2) the direct gas phase reaction between CO2 and VOCs. These identified influences of CO2 in pyrolysis of microalgal biomass significantly enhanced the generation of CO: the enhanced generation of CO in the presence of CO2 was 590% at 660°C, 1260% at 690°C, and 3200% at 720°C. In addition, two identified influences of CO2 (i.e., enhanced thermal cracking and direct gas phase reaction) occurred simultaneously and independently. The identified gas phase reaction in the presence of CO2 was only initiated at temperatures higher than 500°C, which was different from the Boudouard reaction. Lastly, the experimental work justified that exploiting CO2 as a reaction medium and/or chemical feedstock will provide new technical approaches for controlling syngas ratio and in-situ air pollutant control without using catalysts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jong-Min Jung
- Department of Environment and Energy, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea
| | - Jechan Lee
- Department of Environment and Energy, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea
| | - Jieun Kim
- Department of Environment and Energy, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki-Hyun Kim
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung-Wook Kim
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Jae Jeon
- Department of Microbiology, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea.
| | - Eilhann E Kwon
- Department of Environment and Energy, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Kim J, Jung JM, Lee J, Kim KH, Choi TO, Kim JK, Jeon YJ, Kwon EE. Pyrogenic transformation of Nannochloropsis oceanica into fatty acid methyl esters without oil extraction for estimating total lipid content. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2016; 212:55-61. [PMID: 27082269 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2016.04.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2016] [Revised: 04/05/2016] [Accepted: 04/06/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
This study fundamentally investigated the pseudo-catalytic transesterification of dried Nannochloropsis oceanica into fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs) without oil extraction, which was achieved in less than 5min via a thermo-chemical pathway. This study presented that the pseudo-catalytic transesterification reaction was achieved in the presence of silica and that its main driving force was identified as temperature: pores in silica provided the numerous reaction space like a micro-reactor, where the heterogeneous reaction was developed. The introduced FAME derivatization showed an extraordinarily high tolerance of impurities (i.e., pyrolytic products and various extractives). This study also explored the thermal cracking of FAMEs derived from N. oceanica: the thermal cracking of saturated FAMEs was invulnerable at temperatures lower than 400°C. Lastly, this study reported that N. oceanica contained 14.4wt.% of dried N. oceanica and that the introduced methylation technique could be applicable to many research fields sharing the transesterification platform.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jieun Kim
- Department of Environment and Energy at Sejong University, Seoul 05006, South Korea
| | - Jong-Min Jung
- Department of Environment and Energy at Sejong University, Seoul 05006, South Korea
| | - Jechan Lee
- Department of Environment and Energy at Sejong University, Seoul 05006, South Korea
| | - Ki-Hyun Kim
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering at Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, South Korea
| | - Tae O Choi
- Chloland Co. Ltd., 879-2 Gabae-ri, Dongbu-myeon, Geoje, Gyeongsangnam-do, South Korea; Department of Microbiology at Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, South Korea
| | - Jae-Kon Kim
- Research Institute of Petroleum Technology, Korea Petroleum Quality & Distribution Authority, Cheongju 28115, South Korea
| | - Young Jae Jeon
- Department of Microbiology at Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, South Korea.
| | - Eilhann E Kwon
- Department of Environment and Energy at Sejong University, Seoul 05006, South Korea.
| |
Collapse
|