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Yu C, Jiang X, Al-Handawi MB, Naumov P, Li L, Yu Q, Wang G. Bending, Twisting, and Propulsion of Photoreactive Crystals by Controlled Gas Release. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202403397. [PMID: 38530916 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202403397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2024] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
The rapid release of gas by a chemical reaction to generate momentum is one of the most fundamental ways to elicit motion that could be used to sustain and control the motility of objects. We report that hollow crystals of a three-dimensional supramolecular metal complex that releases gas by photolysis can propel themselves or other objects and advance in space when suspended in mother solution. In needle-like regular crystals, the reaction occurs mainly on the surface and results in the formation of cracks that evolve due to internal pressure; the expansion on the cracked surface of the crystal results in bending, twisting, or coiling of the crystal. In hollow crystals, gas accumulates inside their cavities and emanates preferentially from the recess at the crystal terminus, propelling the crystals to undergo directional photomechanical motion through the mother solution. The motility of the object which can be controlled externally to perform work delineates the concept of "crystal microbots", realized by photoreactive organic crystals capable of prolonged directional motion for actuation or delivery. Within the prospects, we envisage the development of a plethora of light-weight, efficient, autonomously operating robots based on organic crystals with high work capacity where motion over large distances can be attained due to the large volume of latent gas generated from a small volume of the crystalline solid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunjiao Yu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University, Shandong, 266071, China
| | - Xiaofan Jiang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University, Shandong, 266071, China
| | - Marieh B Al-Handawi
- Smart Materials Lab, New York University Abu Dhabi, PO Box, 129188, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Panče Naumov
- Smart Materials Lab, New York University Abu Dhabi, PO Box, 129188, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
- Center for Smart Engineering Materials, New York University Abu Dhabi, PO Box, 129188, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
- Research Center for Environment and Materials, Macedonian Academy of Sciences and Arts, Bul. Krste Misirkov 2, MK-1000, Skopje, Macedonia
- Molecular Design Institute, Department of Chemistry, New York University, 100 Washington Square East, New York, NY 10003, USA
| | - Liang Li
- Smart Materials Lab, New York University Abu Dhabi, PO Box, 129188, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
- Department of Sciences and Engineering, Sorbonne University Abu Dhabi, PO Box, 38044, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Qi Yu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University, Shandong, 266071, China
| | - Guoming Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University, Shandong, 266071, China
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Rohullah M, Pradeep VV, Singh S, Chandrasekar R. Mechanically controlled multifaceted dynamic transformations in twisted organic crystal waveguides. Nat Commun 2024; 15:4040. [PMID: 38740755 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-47924-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
This study introduces mechanically induced phenomena such as standing, leaning, stacking, and interlocking behaviors in naturally twisted optical waveguiding microcrystals on a substrate. The microscale twisted crystal self-assembled from 2,4-dibromo-6-(((2-bromo-5-fluorophenyl)imino)methyl)phenol is flexible and emits orange fluorescence. Mechanistic analysis reveals the strain generated by the intergrowing orientationally mismatched nanocrystallites is responsible for the twisted crystal growth. The crystal's mechanical flexibility in the perpendicular direction to (001) and (010) planes can be attributed to intermolecular Br···Br, F···Br, and π···π stacking interactions. Through a systematic process involving step-by-step bending and subsequent optical waveguiding experiments at each bent position, a linear relationship between optical loss and mechanical strain is established. Additionally, the vertical standing and leaning of these crystals at different angles on a flat surface and the vertical stacking of multiple crystals reveal the three-dimensional aspects of organic crystal waveguides, introducing light trajectories in a 3D space. Furthermore, the integration of two axially interlocked twisted crystals enables the coupling of polarization rotation along their long axis. These crystal dynamics expand the horizons of crystal behavior and have the potential to revolutionize various applications, rendering these crystals invaluable in the realm of crystal-related science and technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Rohullah
- Advanced Photonic Materials and Technology Laboratory, School of Chemistry and Centre for Nanotechnology, University of Hyderabad, Prof. C. R. Rao Road, Gachibowli, Hyderabad, 500 046, Telangana, India
| | - Vuppu Vinay Pradeep
- Advanced Photonic Materials and Technology Laboratory, School of Chemistry and Centre for Nanotechnology, University of Hyderabad, Prof. C. R. Rao Road, Gachibowli, Hyderabad, 500 046, Telangana, India
| | - Shruti Singh
- Advanced Photonic Materials and Technology Laboratory, School of Chemistry and Centre for Nanotechnology, University of Hyderabad, Prof. C. R. Rao Road, Gachibowli, Hyderabad, 500 046, Telangana, India
| | - Rajadurai Chandrasekar
- Advanced Photonic Materials and Technology Laboratory, School of Chemistry and Centre for Nanotechnology, University of Hyderabad, Prof. C. R. Rao Road, Gachibowli, Hyderabad, 500 046, Telangana, India.
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3
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Chizhik S, Gribov P, Kovalskii V, Sidelnikov A. Determining the quantum yield of photochemical reactions in crystals from simultaneous effects of photothermal and photochemical bending of needle-shaped crystals. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2024; 26:11379-11385. [PMID: 38567409 DOI: 10.1039/d4cp00581c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Photoinduced bending of needle crystals caused by photochemical transformation can be used as an extremely sensitive method for studying the kinetics of the transformation. However, the determination of the absolute value of the quantum yield of the reaction requires an accurate value of the intensity of light penetrating the crystal, in contrast to reactions in solutions where only the value of the total absorbed irradiation dose is sufficient. To address this problem, this study utilizes the effect of photothermal bending of a crystal due to its heating by light, occurring simultaneously with the bending due to transformation and proportional to the same value of light intensity. The ratio of the amplitudes of the two effects is independent of the light intensity, which allows the quantum yield to be determined without knowledge of the intensity value. In addition, the method allows the light intensity and thermal conductivity of the crystal to be estimated. The method is applied to measure wavelength dependence of the quantum yield of nitro-to-nitrito photoisomerization in [Co(NH3)5NO2]Cl(NO3) crystals. A monotonically decreasing value of the quantum yield φ from 0.19 to 0.04 in the range of λ from 403 to 523 nm was obtained. This result indicates the qualitative differences in the transformation mechanism in crystals and in solutions, where φ = 0.03 independent of λ in the same wavelength range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stanislav Chizhik
- Institute of Solid State Chemistry and Mechanochemistry SB RAS, Kutateladze 18, 630128 Novosibirsk, Russia.
| | - Pavel Gribov
- Institute of Solid State Chemistry and Mechanochemistry SB RAS, Kutateladze 18, 630128 Novosibirsk, Russia.
| | - Viktor Kovalskii
- Institute of Solid State Chemistry and Mechanochemistry SB RAS, Kutateladze 18, 630128 Novosibirsk, Russia.
| | - Anatoly Sidelnikov
- Institute of Solid State Chemistry and Mechanochemistry SB RAS, Kutateladze 18, 630128 Novosibirsk, Russia.
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Wang CH, Chang HK, Chen KJ, Huang DH, Chang CJ, Huang KH, Chiu YD, Horie M. Facile Photoresponsive Actuators Based on Ferrocene-Doped Poly(butyl methacrylate). ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:38846-38856. [PMID: 37537978 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c07788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
This paper presents facile photoresponsive actuators comprising ferrocene as a guest chromophore and poly(butyl methacrylate) (PBMA) as a host matrix. The ferrocene-doped PBMA film exhibits mechanical expansion and contraction when a 445 nm laser is turned on and off, respectively. The photoresponsive film is attached by a commercially available acetylcellulose adhesive tape, which exhibits a bending motion that is controlled by turning the laser on and off. Thereafter, the double-layer film is employed to fabricate a table-shaped lifting machine (0.7 mg) that lifts a 10.5 mg object up and down by turning the laser on and off, respectively, and the mechanical force offered by the double-layer film is recorded. Additionally, the film is coated with gold and applied to an electric circuit that serves as a reversible photoresponsive switch. This film preparation technique is applied to other chromophores (e.g., Coumarin 343, Rhodamine 6G, Sudan Blue II, and Solvent Green 3) to independently control the motions of the films with 445, 520, and 655 nm lasers. The ferrocene-containing films also exhibit photoinduced healing from mechanical damage. Finally, the photoirradiation-accompanied morphological changes in the film are observed via small-angle X-ray scattering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Hsien Wang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, 101, Section 2, Kuang-Fu Road, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Hong-Kai Chang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, 101, Section 2, Kuang-Fu Road, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Kai-Jen Chen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, 101, Section 2, Kuang-Fu Road, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Dao-Hong Huang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, 101, Section 2, Kuang-Fu Road, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Chiung-Ju Chang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, 101, Section 2, Kuang-Fu Road, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Kuan-Hung Huang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, 101, Section 2, Kuang-Fu Road, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Yao-De Chiu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, 101, Section 2, Kuang-Fu Road, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Masaki Horie
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, 101, Section 2, Kuang-Fu Road, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
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5
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Spiropyran-containing water-soluble and photoreversible copolymers. POLYMER 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2023.125827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
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6
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Tong F, Qu DH. Engineering Shapes and Sizes of Molecular Crystals to Achieve Versatile Photomechanical Behaviors. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2022; 38:4793-4801. [PMID: 35404608 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.2c00414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Photomechanical molecular crystals, which can directly convert light energy to mechanical energy and do mechanical work at different scales, are promising for future photoactuators. However, one of the bottlenecks in this area is how to harness the crystal shapes and sizes to achieve desired photomechanical motions and behaviors for versatile functionalities. To date, numerous techniques and strategies have been explored and developed to overcome this obstacle. In this perspective, we will summarize the progress recently made on the crystal shape and size engineering platform. Then we briefly touch on possible applications of photomechanical molecular crystals by introducing some built photoresponsive implementations. Finally, we will identify some fundamental challenges and suggestions for future applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Tong
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, Institute of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, The People's Republic of China
| | - Da-Hui Qu
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, Institute of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, The People's Republic of China
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7
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Xu TY, Tong F, Xu H, Wang MQ, Tian H, Qu DH. Engineering Photomechanical Molecular Crystals to Achieve Extraordinary Expansion Based on Solid-State [2 + 2] Photocycloaddition. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:6278-6290. [PMID: 35289609 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c12485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Photomechanical molecular crystals are promising candidates for photoactuators and can potentially be implemented as smart materials in various fields. Here, we synthesized a new molecular crystal, (E)-3-(naphthalen-1-yl)acrylaldehyde malononitrile ((E)-NAAM), that can undergo a solid-state [2 + 2] photocycloaddition reaction under visible light (≥400 nm) illumination. (E)-NAAM microcrystals containing symmetric twinned sealed cavities were prepared using a surfactant-mediated crystal seeded growth method. When exposed to light, the hollow microcrystals exhibited robust photomechanical motions, including bending and dramatic directional expansion of up to 43.1% elongation of the original crystal length before fragmentation due to the photosalient effect. The sealed cavities inside the microcrystals could store different aqueous dye solutions for approximately one month and release the solutions instantly upon light irradiation. A unique slow-fast-slow crystal elongation kinematic process was observed, suggesting significant molecular rearrangements during the illumination period, leading to an average anisotropic crystal elongation of 37.0% (±3.8%). The significant molecular structure and geometry changes accompanying the photocycloaddition reaction, which propels photochemistry to nearly 100% completion, also facilitate photomechanical crystal expansion. Our results provide a possible way to rationally design molecular structures and engineer crystal morphologies to promote more interesting photomechanical behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian-Yi Xu
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, Institute of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, The People's Republic of China
| | - Fei Tong
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, Institute of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, The People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Xu
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, Institute of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, The People's Republic of China
| | - Meng-Qi Wang
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, Institute of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, The People's Republic of China
| | - He Tian
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, Institute of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, The People's Republic of China
| | - Da-Hui Qu
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, Institute of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, The People's Republic of China
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8
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Ye Y, Hao H, Xie C. Photomechanical crystalline materials: new developments, property tuning and applications. CrystEngComm 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2ce00203e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
This highlight gives an overview of the mechanism development, property tuning and application exploration of photomechanical crystalline materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Ye
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Hongxun Hao
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
- National Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry Science and Engineering, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Chuang Xie
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
- National Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry Science and Engineering, Tianjin 300072, China
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9
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Koshima H, Hasebe S, Hagiwara Y, Asahi T. Mechanically Responsive Organic Crystals by Light. Isr J Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ijch.202100093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hideko Koshima
- Research Organization for Nano and Life Innovation Waseda University 513 Wasedatsurumaki-cho, Shinjuku-ku Tokyo 162-0041 Japan
| | - Shodai Hasebe
- Department of Advanced Science and Engineering Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering Waseda University 3-4-1 Okubo, Shinjuku-ku Tokyo 169-8555 Japan
| | - Yuki Hagiwara
- Department of Advanced Science and Engineering Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering Waseda University 3-4-1 Okubo, Shinjuku-ku Tokyo 169-8555 Japan
| | - Toru Asahi
- Research Organization for Nano and Life Innovation Waseda University 513 Wasedatsurumaki-cho, Shinjuku-ku Tokyo 162-0041 Japan
- Department of Advanced Science and Engineering Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering Waseda University 3-4-1 Okubo, Shinjuku-ku Tokyo 169-8555 Japan
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10
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Amirjalayer S. Understanding the Molecular Origin of the Collective Movement in a Diarylethene-based Photo-Responsive Actuator. Chemphyschem 2021; 22:1658-1661. [PMID: 34213042 PMCID: PMC8456835 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.202100446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Revised: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Remotely controlling macroscopic movement is one of the key elements to realize intelligent materials for applications ranging from sensing to robotics. Over the last few years, a number of photomechanical materials based on diarylethene derivatives have been developed. However, a detailed picture of the structural evolution within these soft actuators is often missing. In this work, an atomistic investigation uncovers how the photo-induced molecular dynamics propagates to large-scale motion and results in macroscopic deformation of the crystal. By correlating the intramolecular rearrangement within the photo-responsive switching unit with the intermolecular packing, the molecular mechanism for the photomechanical phenomena is deciphered, which is fundamental for a rational development of photo-responsive actuators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeed Amirjalayer
- Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität MünsterPhysikalisches InstituteCenter for Nanotechnology (CeNTech) and Center for Multiscale Theory and Computation (CMTC)Heisenbergstr. 1148149MünsterGermany
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11
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Higashiguchi T, Kitagawa D, Kobatake S. Anisotropic bending and twisting behaviour of a twin crystal composed of a diarylethene. CrystEngComm 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d0ce01705a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The unusual photomechanical behaviour of a “twin crystal” consisting of a diarylethene derivative was investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuya Higashiguchi
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka City University, 3-3-138 Sugimoto, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka 558-8585, Japan
| | - Daichi Kitagawa
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka City University, 3-3-138 Sugimoto, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka 558-8585, Japan
| | - Seiya Kobatake
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka City University, 3-3-138 Sugimoto, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka 558-8585, Japan
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12
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Giri P, Mazumder A, Dey D, Garani S, Raveendran A, Panda MK. Light-fueled rapid macroscopic motion of a green fluorescent organic crystal. CrystEngComm 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1ce00460c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
We report here a new green fluorescent organic crystal of an amide functionalized acrylonitrile derivative (E-ArF2) that displays various types of macroscopic response when illuminated with UV light (390 nm).
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Affiliation(s)
- Prasenjit Giri
- Department of Chemistry, Jadavpur University, Kolkata-700032, India
| | | | - Dibyendu Dey
- Department of Chemistry, Jadavpur University, Kolkata-700032, India
| | - Souvik Garani
- Department of Chemistry, Jadavpur University, Kolkata-700032, India
| | - Anju Raveendran
- KAHM Unity Women's College, Narukara, Mallapuram, Kerala-676122, India
| | - Manas K. Panda
- Department of Chemistry, Jadavpur University, Kolkata-700032, India
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Cheng SC, Wang CH, Lin YC, Tsuchido Y, Suzaki Y, Sei Y, Kuo TS, Horie M. Photoinduced Mechanical Motions of Pseudorotaxane Crystals Composed of Azobenzene and Ferrocenyl Groups on an Axle and a Crown Ether Ring. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:50002-50010. [PMID: 33089689 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c15171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
This work describes the design and characterization of photoresponsive dynamic pseudorotaxane crystals composed of azobenzene and ferrocenyl groups in an ammonium cation axle component threaded through dibenzo[24]crown-8 ether rings. Pseudorotaxanes provide flexibility for cis and trans isomerization of azobenzene groups in a crystal state, enabling reversible bending motions under alternating 360 and 445 nm laser irradiation. For such bending motions, strained azobenzene structures were essential; these motifs were obtained by increasing the bulkiness of the substituents on the axle and ring molecules. In addition, the crystals showed photosalient effects, such as jumping motions, under 445 nm laser irradiation. These motions were assisted by the photoabsorption of the ferrocenyl group, which converted 445 nm laser light into heat. The maximum lifting weight accompanied by the photoinduced mechanical motion of a particular crystal was estimated to be 9600 times the crystal weight. These pseudorotaxane crystals exhibit promising features for applications in micro-nanometer-sized miniature mechanical devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shao-Chi Cheng
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, 101, Section 2, Kuang-Fu Road, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Hsien Wang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, 101, Section 2, Kuang-Fu Road, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chia Lin
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, 101, Section 2, Kuang-Fu Road, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Yoshitaka Tsuchido
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8503, Japan
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tokyo University of Science, 1-3 Kagurazaka, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8601, Japan
| | - Yuji Suzaki
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8503, Japan
| | - Yoshihisa Sei
- Open Facility Center, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8503, Japan
| | - Ting-Shen Kuo
- Department of Chemistry, National Normal University, No. 88, Section 4, Tingzhou Road, Taipei 11677, Taiwan
| | - Masaki Horie
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, 101, Section 2, Kuang-Fu Road, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
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Lansakara TI, Tong F, Bardeen CJ, Tivanski AV. Mechanical Properties and Photomechanical Fatigue of Macro- and Nanodimensional Diarylethene Molecular Crystals. NANO LETTERS 2020; 20:6744-6749. [PMID: 32822202 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.0c02631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The diarylethene derivative, 1,2-bis(2,4-dimethyl-5-phenyl-3-thienyl)perfluorocyclopentene, undergoes a reversible photoisomerization between its ring-open and ring-closed forms in the solid-state and has applications as a photomechanical material. Mechanical properties of macrocrystals, nanowire single crystals, and amorphous films as a function of multiple sequential UV and visible light exposures have been quantified using atomic force microscopy nanoindentation. The isomerization reaction has no effect on the elastic modulus of each solid. But going from the macro- to the nanowire crystal results in a remarkable over 3-fold decrease in the elastic modulus. The macrocrystal and amorphous solids are highly resistant to photomechanical fatigue, while nanowire crystals show clear evidence of photomechanical fatigue attributed to a transition from crystal to amorphous forms. This study provides first experimental evidence of size-dependent photomechanical fatigue in photoreactive molecular crystalline solids and suggests crystal morphology and size must be considered for future photomechanical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fei Tong
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Riverside, Riverside, California 92521, United States
| | - Christopher J Bardeen
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Riverside, Riverside, California 92521, United States
| | - Alexei V Tivanski
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, United States
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Abstract
Photomechanical materials exhibit mechanical motion in response to light as an external stimulus. They have attracted much attention because they can convert light energy directly to mechanical energy, and their motions can be controlled without any physical contact. This review paper introduces the photomechanical motions of photoresponsive molecular crystals, especially bending and twisting behaviors, from the viewpoint of symmetry breaking. The bending (right–left symmetry breaking) and twisting (chiral symmetry breaking) of photomechanical crystals are based on both intrinsic and extrinsic factors like molecular orientation in the crystal and illumination conditions. The ability to design and control this symmetry breaking will be vital for generating new science and new technological applications for organic crystalline materials.
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Goulet-Hanssens A, Eisenreich F, Hecht S. Enlightening Materials with Photoswitches. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2020; 32:e1905966. [PMID: 31975456 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201905966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 220] [Impact Index Per Article: 55.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Revised: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Incorporating molecular photoswitches into various materials provides unique opportunities for controlling their properties and functions with high spatiotemporal resolution using remote optical stimuli. The great and largely still untapped potential of these photoresponsive systems has not yet been fully exploited due to the fundamental challenges in harnessing geometrical and electronic changes on the molecular level to modulate macroscopic and bulk material properties. Herein, progress made during the past decade in the field of photoswitchable materials is highlighted. After pointing to some general design principles, materials with an increasing order of the integrated photoswitchable units are discussed, spanning the range from amorphous settings over surfaces/interfaces and supramolecular ensembles, to liquid crystalline and crystalline phases. Finally, some potential future directions are pointed out in the conclusion. In view of the exciting recent achievements in the field, the future emergence and further development of light-driven and optically programmable (inter)active materials and systems are eagerly anticipated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexis Goulet-Hanssens
- Department of Chemistry & IRIS Adlershof, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Brook-Taylor-Str. 2, 12489, Berlin, Germany
- DWI - Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials, Forckenbeckstr. 50, 52056, Aachen, Germany
- Institute of Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Worringer Weg 2, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Fabian Eisenreich
- Department of Chemistry & IRIS Adlershof, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Brook-Taylor-Str. 2, 12489, Berlin, Germany
- DWI - Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials, Forckenbeckstr. 50, 52056, Aachen, Germany
- Institute of Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Worringer Weg 2, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Stefan Hecht
- Department of Chemistry & IRIS Adlershof, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Brook-Taylor-Str. 2, 12489, Berlin, Germany
- DWI - Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials, Forckenbeckstr. 50, 52056, Aachen, Germany
- Institute of Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Worringer Weg 2, 52074, Aachen, Germany
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17
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Dattler D, Fuks G, Heiser J, Moulin E, Perrot A, Yao X, Giuseppone N. Design of Collective Motions from Synthetic Molecular Switches, Rotors, and Motors. Chem Rev 2019; 120:310-433. [PMID: 31869214 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.9b00288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 237] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Precise control over molecular movement is of fundamental and practical importance in physics, biology, and chemistry. At nanoscale, the peculiar functioning principles and the synthesis of individual molecular actuators and machines has been the subject of intense investigations and debates over the past 60 years. In this review, we focus on the design of collective motions that are achieved by integrating, in space and time, several or many of these individual mechanical units together. In particular, we provide an in-depth look at the intermolecular couplings used to physically connect a number of artificial mechanically active molecular units such as photochromic molecular switches, nanomachines based on mechanical bonds, molecular rotors, and light-powered rotary motors. We highlight the various functioning principles that can lead to their collective motion at various length scales. We also emphasize how their synchronized, or desynchronized, mechanical behavior can lead to emerging functional properties and to their implementation into new active devices and materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damien Dattler
- SAMS Research Group, Institute Charles Sadron, CNRS , University of Strasbourg , 23 rue du Loess , BP 84047, 67034 Strasbourg Cedex 2 , France
| | - Gad Fuks
- SAMS Research Group, Institute Charles Sadron, CNRS , University of Strasbourg , 23 rue du Loess , BP 84047, 67034 Strasbourg Cedex 2 , France
| | - Joakim Heiser
- SAMS Research Group, Institute Charles Sadron, CNRS , University of Strasbourg , 23 rue du Loess , BP 84047, 67034 Strasbourg Cedex 2 , France
| | - Emilie Moulin
- SAMS Research Group, Institute Charles Sadron, CNRS , University of Strasbourg , 23 rue du Loess , BP 84047, 67034 Strasbourg Cedex 2 , France
| | - Alexis Perrot
- SAMS Research Group, Institute Charles Sadron, CNRS , University of Strasbourg , 23 rue du Loess , BP 84047, 67034 Strasbourg Cedex 2 , France
| | - Xuyang Yao
- SAMS Research Group, Institute Charles Sadron, CNRS , University of Strasbourg , 23 rue du Loess , BP 84047, 67034 Strasbourg Cedex 2 , France
| | - Nicolas Giuseppone
- SAMS Research Group, Institute Charles Sadron, CNRS , University of Strasbourg , 23 rue du Loess , BP 84047, 67034 Strasbourg Cedex 2 , France
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18
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Yu Q, Aguila B, Gao J, Xu P, Chen Q, Yan J, Xing D, Chen Y, Cheng P, Zhang Z, Ma S. Photomechanical Organic Crystals as Smart Materials for Advanced Applications. Chemistry 2019; 25:5611-5622. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201805382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2018] [Revised: 12/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qi Yu
- College of ChemistryNankai University Tianjin 300071 P.R. China
| | - Briana Aguila
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of South Florida 4202 E. Fowler Avenue Tampa FL 33620 USA
| | - Jia Gao
- College of ChemistryNankai University Tianjin 300071 P.R. China
| | - Peixin Xu
- College of ChemistryNankai University Tianjin 300071 P.R. China
| | - Qizhe Chen
- College of ChemistryNankai University Tianjin 300071 P.R. China
| | - Jie Yan
- College of ChemistryNankai University Tianjin 300071 P.R. China
| | - Dong Xing
- College of ChemistryNankai University Tianjin 300071 P.R. China
| | - Yao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical biologyNankai University Tianjin 300071 P.R. China
| | - Peng Cheng
- College of ChemistryNankai University Tianjin 300071 P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry, Ministry of EducationNankai University Tianjin 30007 P.R. China
| | - Zhenjie Zhang
- College of ChemistryNankai University Tianjin 300071 P.R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical biologyNankai University Tianjin 300071 P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry, Ministry of EducationNankai University Tianjin 30007 P.R. China
| | - Shengqian Ma
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of South Florida 4202 E. Fowler Avenue Tampa FL 33620 USA
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19
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Hirano A, Kitagawa D, Kobatake S. Photomechanical bending behavior of photochromic diarylethene crystals induced under polarized light. CrystEngComm 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9ce00175a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The photoinduced bending velocity of photochromic diarylethene crystals depends on the polarization angle of UV light.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akira Hirano
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- Graduate School of Engineering
- Osaka City University
- Osaka 558-8585
- Japan
| | - Daichi Kitagawa
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- Graduate School of Engineering
- Osaka City University
- Osaka 558-8585
- Japan
| | - Seiya Kobatake
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- Graduate School of Engineering
- Osaka City University
- Osaka 558-8585
- Japan
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20
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Lvov AG, Khusniyarov MM, Shirinian VZ. Azole-based diarylethenes as the next step towards advanced photochromic materials. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY C-PHOTOCHEMISTRY REVIEWS 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochemrev.2018.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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21
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Ahmed E, Karothu DP, Naumov P. Crystal Adaptronics: Mechanically Reconfigurable Elastic and Superelastic Molecular Crystals. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:8837-8846. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201800137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 161] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ejaz Ahmed
- New York University Abu Dhabi; PO Box 129188 Abu Dhabi United Arab Emirates
| | | | - Panče Naumov
- New York University Abu Dhabi; PO Box 129188 Abu Dhabi United Arab Emirates
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22
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Ahmed E, Karothu DP, Naumov P. Kristall-Adaptronik: Mechanisch rekonfigurierbare elastische und superelastische molekulare Kristalle. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201800137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ejaz Ahmed
- New York University Abu Dhabi; PO Box 129188 Abu Dhabi Vereinigte Arabische Emirate
| | - Durga Prasad Karothu
- New York University Abu Dhabi; PO Box 129188 Abu Dhabi Vereinigte Arabische Emirate
| | - Panče Naumov
- New York University Abu Dhabi; PO Box 129188 Abu Dhabi Vereinigte Arabische Emirate
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23
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Chirality-controlled spontaneous twisting of crystals due to thermal topochemical reaction. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2018; 115:2896-2901. [PMID: 29507233 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1718965115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Crystals that show mechanical response against various stimuli are of great interest. These stimuli induce polymorphic transitions, isomerizations, or chemical reactions in the crystal and the strain generated between the daughter and parent domains is transcribed into mechanical response. We observed that the crystals of modified dipeptide LL (N3-l-Ala-l-Val-NHCH2C≡CH) undergo spontaneous twisting to form right-handed twisted crystals not only at room temperature but also at 0 °C over time. Using various spectroscopic techniques, we have established that the twisting is due to the spontaneous topochemical azide-alkyne cycloaddition (TAAC) reaction at room temperature or lower temperatures. The rate of twisting can be increased by heating, exploiting the faster kinetics of the TAAC reaction at higher temperatures. To address the role of molecular chirality in the direction of twisting the enantiomer of dipeptide LL, N3-d-Ala-d-Val-NHCH2C≡CH (DD), was synthesized and topochemical reactivity and mechanoresponse of its crystals were studied. We have found that dipeptide DD not only underwent TAAC reaction, giving 1,4-triazole-linked pseudopolypeptides of d-amino acids, but also underwent twisting with opposite handedness (left-handed twisting), establishing the role of molecular chirality in controlling the direction of mechanoresponse. This paper reports (i) a mechanical response due to a thermal reaction and (ii) a spontaneous mechanical response in crystals and (iii) explains the role of molecular chirality in the handedness of the macroscopic mechanical response.
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24
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Kitagawa D, Tsujioka H, Tong F, Dong X, Bardeen CJ, Kobatake S. Control of Photomechanical Crystal Twisting by Illumination Direction. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:4208-4212. [PMID: 29451385 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b13605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Photomechanical molecular crystals have been investigated as mesoscopic photoactuators. Here, we report how the photomechanical twisting of 1,2-bis(2-methyl-5-phenyl-3-thienyl)perfluorocyclopentene (1a) crystals depends on illumination direction. The ribbon-like crystal of 1a could be successfully prepared by a sublimation method. The ribbon crystal exhibited reversible photomechanical crystal twisting upon alternating irradiation with ultraviolet (UV) and visible light. Moreover, changing the UV illumination direction with respect to the crystal resulted in different twisting modes, ranging from helicoid to cylindrical. Control of photomechanical crystal deformation by illumination direction provides a convenient and useful way to generate a variety of photomechanical motions from a single crystal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daichi Kitagawa
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering , Osaka City University , 3-3-138 Sugimoto , Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka 558-8585 , Japan
| | - Hajime Tsujioka
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering , Osaka City University , 3-3-138 Sugimoto , Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka 558-8585 , Japan
| | - Fei Tong
- Department of Chemistry , University of California , 501 Big Springs Road , Riverside , California 92521 , United States
| | - Xinning Dong
- Department of Chemistry , University of California , 501 Big Springs Road , Riverside , California 92521 , United States
| | - Christopher J Bardeen
- Department of Chemistry , University of California , 501 Big Springs Road , Riverside , California 92521 , United States
| | - Seiya Kobatake
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering , Osaka City University , 3-3-138 Sugimoto , Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka 558-8585 , Japan
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25
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Tong F, Kitagawa D, Dong X, Kobatake S, Bardeen CJ. Photomechanical motion of diarylethene molecular crystal nanowires. NANOSCALE 2018; 10:3393-3398. [PMID: 29388653 DOI: 10.1039/c7nr09571f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Crystalline nanowires composed of the photochromic diarylethene derivative 1,2-bis(2,4-dimethyl-5-phenyl-3-thienyl)perfluorocyclopentene (1a) are prepared and characterized. 200 nanometer diameter wires with a length of 60 microns are grown by slow solvent annealing in a porous anodic aluminum oxide template. The nanowires are oriented crystals, as determined by X-ray diffraction measurements, and can be liberated by dissolving the template in acid. They exhibit pronounced bending when exposed to ultraviolet light that can be reversed by visible light irradiation. The bending-unbending sequence can be repeated for more than 10 cycles without fatigue. This robustness results from the ability of the nanowires to maintain their crystallinity during the forward and reverse reactions. The small diameter of these nanowires allows them to achieve curvatures that are at least 40 times greater (200 mm-1versus 5 mm-1) than those observed for micron-thick diarylethene needles. This first demonstration of photomechanical nanostructures based on diarylethene photochromism opens up the possibility of making more complicated structures composed of this high-performance photochrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Tong
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, 501 Big Springs Road, Riverside, CA 92521, USA.
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26
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Cheng SC, Chen KJ, Suzaki Y, Tsuchido Y, Kuo TS, Osakada K, Horie M. Reversible Laser-Induced Bending of Pseudorotaxane Crystals. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 140:90-93. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b10998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Shao-Chi Cheng
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, 101, Sec. 2, Kuang-Fu Road, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Kai-Jen Chen
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, 101, Sec. 2, Kuang-Fu Road, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Yuji Suzaki
- Laboratory
for Chemistry and Life Science, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8503, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Tsuchido
- Laboratory
for Chemistry and Life Science, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8503, Japan
| | - Ting-Shen Kuo
- Department
of Chemistry, National Taiwan Normal University, No. 88, Section 4, Tingzhou Road, Taipei 11677, Taiwan
| | - Kohtaro Osakada
- Laboratory
for Chemistry and Life Science, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8503, Japan
| | - Masaki Horie
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, 101, Sec. 2, Kuang-Fu Road, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
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27
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Gong Y, Zhang Y, Xiong W, Zhang K, Che Y, Zhao J. Molecular Interactions Control Quantum Chain Reactions toward Distinct Photoresponsive Properties of Molecular Crystals. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:10649-10652. [PMID: 28749145 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b06261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we fabricated four diphenylcyclopropenone (DPCP) crystals, which involved various molecular interactions encoded in individual molecular structures 1-4. On the basis of crystalline structural analysis and photoresponsive characterization of the resultant single-crystal microribbons 1-4, we demonstrated that the magnitude of molecular interactions could effectively control the quantum chain reaction and the photoresponsive property of the DPCP crystals. The microribbons 1 and 2 having weak molecular interactions exhibited an efficient chain reaction and large mechanical photoresponses (i.e., photomelting and photodeforming), whereas the microribbons 3 and 4 with strong molecular interactions exhibited no chain reaction and mechanical morphology change. Our work presented a new way to achieve molecular crystals with enhanced mechanical photoresponses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanjun Gong
- Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yifan Zhang
- IBS Center for Soft and Living Matter, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology , Ulju-gun, Ulsan 689-789, South Korea
| | - Wei Xiong
- Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049, China
| | - Ke Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yanke Che
- Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jincai Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049, China
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28
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Takeshita T, Kurata H, Hara M. Improvement of photoionization efficiency of diarylethene-cyclodextrin complexes by using multi-laser pulse excitation. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2017.04.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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29
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Chen KJ, Tsai YC, Suzaki Y, Osakada K, Miura A, Horie M. Rapid and reversible photoinduced switching of a rotaxane crystal. Nat Commun 2016; 7:13321. [PMID: 27808090 PMCID: PMC5097158 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms13321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2016] [Accepted: 09/22/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Crystalline phase transitions caused by external stimuli have been used to detect physical changes in the solid-state properties. This study presents the mechanical switching of crystals of ferrocene-containing rotaxane controlled by focused laser light. The expansion and contraction of the crystals can be driven by turning on and off laser light at 445 nm. The irradiation-induced expansion of the crystal involves elongation along the a, b and c axes at 30 °C, whereas heating of the crystal at 105 °C causes the shortening of c axis. The expansions reversibly occur and have the advantage of a rapid relaxation (reverse) process. Single-crystal X-ray crystallography reveals the detailed structural changes of the molecules, corresponding to a change in the size of the crystals on laser irradiation. This molecular crystal behaviour induced by laser irradiation, is demonstrated for the remote control of objects, namely, microparticle transport and microswitching in an electric circuit. Crystalline phase transition can be used to detect changes in the solid state properties of materials. Here, the authors describe the mechanical response of a crystal composed of ferrocene-containing rotaxane to laser irradiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai-Jen Chen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Frontier Research Center on Fundamental and Applied Sciences of Matters, National Tsing Hua University, 101, Section 2, Kuang-Fu Road, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Ching Tsai
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Frontier Research Center on Fundamental and Applied Sciences of Matters, National Tsing Hua University, 101, Section 2, Kuang-Fu Road, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Yuji Suzaki
- Chemical Resources Laboratory, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8503, Japan
| | - Kohtaro Osakada
- Chemical Resources Laboratory, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8503, Japan
| | - Atsushi Miura
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Graduate School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Hokkaido University, Kita-10, Nishi-8, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan
| | - Masaki Horie
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Frontier Research Center on Fundamental and Applied Sciences of Matters, National Tsing Hua University, 101, Section 2, Kuang-Fu Road, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
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30
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Han DD, Zhang YL, Ma JN, Liu YQ, Han B, Sun HB. Light-Mediated Manufacture and Manipulation of Actuators. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2016; 28:8328-8343. [PMID: 27435292 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201602211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2016] [Revised: 06/18/2016] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Recent years have seen a considerable growth of research interests in developing novel technologies that permit designable manufacture and controllable manipulation of actuators. Among various fabrication and driving strategies, light has emerged as an enabler to reach this end, contributing to the development of actuators. Several accessible light-mediated manufacturing technologies, such as ultraviolet (UV) lithography and direct laser writing (DLW), are summarized. A series of light-driven strategies including optical trapping, photochemical actuation, and photothermal actuation for controllable manipulation of actuators is introduced. Current challenges and future perspectives of this field are discussed. To generalize, light holds great promise for the development of actuators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Dong Han
- State Key Laboratory on Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Qianjin Street 2699, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
| | - Yong-Lai Zhang
- State Key Laboratory on Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Qianjin Street 2699, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China.
| | - Jia-Nan Ma
- State Key Laboratory on Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Qianjin Street 2699, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
| | - Yu-Qing Liu
- State Key Laboratory on Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Qianjin Street 2699, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
| | - Bing Han
- State Key Laboratory on Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Qianjin Street 2699, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
| | - Hong-Bo Sun
- State Key Laboratory on Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Qianjin Street 2699, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China.
- College of Physics, Jilin University, Jiefang Road 119, Changchun, 130023, P. R. China.
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31
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Nakai H, Matsuba K, Akimoto M, Nozaki T, Matsumoto T, Isobe K, Irie M, Ogo S. Photoinduced bending of rod-like millimetre-size crystals of a rhodium dithionite complex with n-pentyl moieties. Chem Commun (Camb) 2016; 52:4349-52. [PMID: 26923170 DOI: 10.1039/c6cc00059b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Rod-like millimetre-size crystals of a newly prepared rhodium dithionite complex with n-pentyl moieties bend upon photoirradiation and return to the initial shape upon heating; the roles of the flexible n-pentyl moieties as well as the photoreactive dithionite unit (μ-O2SSO2) are disclosed by single crystal X-ray diffraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hidetaka Nakai
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyushu University, 744 Moto-oka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan. and Centre for Small Molecule Energy, Kyushu University, 744 Moto-oka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan and International Institute for Carbon-Neutral Energy Research (WPI-I2CNER), Kyushu University, 744 Moto-oka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan and Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Natural Science & Technology, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, 920-1192, Japan
| | - Kengo Matsuba
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyushu University, 744 Moto-oka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan.
| | - Masataka Akimoto
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Natural Science & Technology, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, 920-1192, Japan
| | - Tomonori Nozaki
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Natural Science & Technology, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, 920-1192, Japan
| | - Takahiro Matsumoto
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyushu University, 744 Moto-oka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan. and Centre for Small Molecule Energy, Kyushu University, 744 Moto-oka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan and International Institute for Carbon-Neutral Energy Research (WPI-I2CNER), Kyushu University, 744 Moto-oka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Isobe
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyushu University, 744 Moto-oka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan. and Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Natural Science & Technology, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, 920-1192, Japan
| | - Masahiro Irie
- Research Center for Smart Molecules, Rikkyo University, Nishi-Ikebukuro 3-34-1, Toshima-ku, Tokyo 171-8501, Japan
| | - Seiji Ogo
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyushu University, 744 Moto-oka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan. and Centre for Small Molecule Energy, Kyushu University, 744 Moto-oka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan and International Institute for Carbon-Neutral Energy Research (WPI-I2CNER), Kyushu University, 744 Moto-oka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
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32
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Kitagawa D, Tanaka R, Kobatake S. Photoinduced stepwise bending behavior of photochromic diarylethene crystals. CrystEngComm 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ce00607h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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33
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Quantitative Evaluation of Photoinduced Bending Speed of Diarylethene Crystals. CRYSTALS 2015. [DOI: 10.3390/cryst5040551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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34
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Naumov P, Chizhik S, Panda MK, Nath NK, Boldyreva E. Mechanically Responsive Molecular Crystals. Chem Rev 2015; 115:12440-90. [PMID: 26535606 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.5b00398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 448] [Impact Index Per Article: 49.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Panče Naumov
- New York University Abu Dhabi , P.O. Box 129188, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Stanislav Chizhik
- Institute of Solid State Chemistry and Mechanochemistry, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences , ul. Kutateladze, 18, Novosibirsk 630128, Russia.,Novosibirsk State University , ul. Pirogova, 2, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Manas K Panda
- New York University Abu Dhabi , P.O. Box 129188, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Naba K Nath
- New York University Abu Dhabi , P.O. Box 129188, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Elena Boldyreva
- Institute of Solid State Chemistry and Mechanochemistry, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences , ul. Kutateladze, 18, Novosibirsk 630128, Russia.,Novosibirsk State University , ul. Pirogova, 2, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
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Abendroth JM, Bushuyev OS, Weiss PS, Barrett CJ. Controlling Motion at the Nanoscale: Rise of the Molecular Machines. ACS NANO 2015; 9:7746-68. [PMID: 26172380 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.5b03367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 304] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
As our understanding and control of intra- and intermolecular interactions evolve, ever more complex molecular systems are synthesized and assembled that are capable of performing work or completing sophisticated tasks at the molecular scale. Commonly referred to as molecular machines, these dynamic systems comprise an astonishingly diverse class of motifs and are designed to respond to a plethora of actuation stimuli. In this Review, we outline the conditions that distinguish simple switches and rotors from machines and draw from a variety of fields to highlight some of the most exciting recent examples of opportunities for driven molecular mechanics. Emphasis is placed on the need for controllable and hierarchical assembly of these molecular components to display measurable effects at the micro-, meso-, and macroscales. As in Nature, this strategy will lead to dramatic amplification of the work performed via the collective action of many machines organized in linear chains, on functionalized surfaces, or in three-dimensional assemblies.
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Affiliation(s)
- John M Abendroth
- California NanoSystems Institute and Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of California , Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | | | - Paul S Weiss
- California NanoSystems Institute and Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of California , Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, University of California , Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Christopher J Barrett
- California NanoSystems Institute and Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of California , Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University , Montreal, QC, Canada
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Kitagawa D, Tanaka R, Kobatake S. Dependence of photoinduced bending behavior of diarylethene crystals on irradiation wavelength of ultraviolet light. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2015; 17:27300-5. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cp03073k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
A comprehensive mechanism for different photoresponsive bending behavior of diarylethene crystals depending on irradiation wavelength of ultraviolet light has been proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daichi Kitagawa
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- Graduate School of Engineering
- Osaka City University
- Sumiyoshi-ku
- Japan
| | - Rika Tanaka
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- Graduate School of Engineering
- Osaka City University
- Sumiyoshi-ku
- Japan
| | - Seiya Kobatake
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- Graduate School of Engineering
- Osaka City University
- Sumiyoshi-ku
- Japan
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