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Yeganeh-Salman A, Yeung J, Miao L, Stephan DW. Coordination chemistry and FLP reactivity of 1,1- and 1,2-bis-boranes. Dalton Trans 2024; 53:1178-1189. [PMID: 38108120 DOI: 10.1039/d3dt03660j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Coordination chemistry and frustrated Lewis pair (FLP) chemistry have been most commonly studied using monodentate Lewis acids. In this paper, we examine the corresponding reactions employing the 1,1- and 1,2-bis-boranes, PhCH2CH(B(C6F5)2)21 and Me3SiCH(B(C6F5)2)CH2B(C6F5)22, respectively. Coordination of isocyanide to these species results in the formation of the products RCH(B(C6F5)2CNtBu)CH2(B(C6F5)2CNtBu) (R = Ph 3, Me3Si 4). The rearrangement of 1 to give the 1,2-bis-borane adduct 3 was probed and attributed to a donor-induced retrohydroboration and subsequent hydroboration. The analogous reaction of 1 is evident in efforts to use the Gutman-Beckett method to assess its Lewis acidity. However, in combination with tBu3P, bis-boranes 1 and 2 form FLPs and react with H2 to give [tBu3PH][PhCH2CH(B(C6F5)2)2(μ-H)] 5a and [tBu3PH][Me3SiCH(B(C6F5)2)CH2(B(C6F5)2)(μ-H)] 6, respectively. Reactions of 1 and 2 with various donors and PhCCH were shown to give deprotonation and addition products, depending on the nature of the base. However, in the case of 1, products resulting from retrohydroboration, and subsequent hydroboration are evident. Several of these alkyne products are crystallographically characterized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Yeganeh-Salman
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George St, Toronto, ON, M5S3H6, Canada.
| | - Jason Yeung
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George St, Toronto, ON, M5S3H6, Canada.
| | - Linkun Miao
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George St, Toronto, ON, M5S3H6, Canada.
| | - Douglas W Stephan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George St, Toronto, ON, M5S3H6, Canada.
- Institute of Drug Discovery Technology, Ningbo University, Zhejiang, P. R. China
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2
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Kim H, Qu ZW, Grimme S, Al-Zuhaika N, Stephan DW. Phosphino-Phosphination Reactions: Frustrated Lewis Pair Reactivity of Phosphino-Phosphonium Cations with Alkynes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202312587. [PMID: 37682527 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202312587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
The phosphino-phosphonium cations of the form [R3 PPR'2 ]+ are labile and provide access to the constituent Lewis acidic and Lewis basic fragments. This permits frustrated Lewis pair-type addition reactions to alkynes, affording unprecedented phosphino-phosphination reactions and giving cations of the form [cis-R3 PCHC(R'')PR'2 ]+ . This reactivity is further adapted to prepare several examples of a rare class of dissymmetric cis-olefin-linked bidentate phosphines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyehwang Kim
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Zheng-Wang Qu
- Mulliken Center for Theoretical Chemistry, Clausius Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Beringstrasse 4, 53115, Bonn, Germany
| | - Stefan Grimme
- Mulliken Center for Theoretical Chemistry, Clausius Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Beringstrasse 4, 53115, Bonn, Germany
| | - Nahil Al-Zuhaika
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Douglas W Stephan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3H6, Canada
- Institute of Drug Discovery Technology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, Zhejiang, China
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3
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Carmona M, Pérez R, Ferrer J, Rodríguez R, Passarelli V, Lahoz FJ, García-Orduña P, Carmona D. Activation of H-H, HO-H, C(sp 2)-H, C(sp 3)-H, and RO-H Bonds by Transition-Metal Frustrated Lewis Pairs Based on M/N (M = Rh, Ir) Couples. Inorg Chem 2022; 61:13149-13164. [PMID: 35948430 PMCID: PMC9406284 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c01902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Reaction of the dimers [(Cp*MCl)2(μ-Cl)2] (Cp* = η5-C5Me5)
with Ph2PCH2CH2NC(NH(p-Tolyl))2 (H2L) in the presence
of NaSbF6 affords the chlorido complexes [Cp*MCl(κ2N,P-H2L)][SbF6] (M = Rh, 1; Ir, 2).
Upon treatment with aqueous NaOH, solutions of 1 and 2 yield the corresponding complexes [Cp*M(κ3N,N′,P-HL)][SbF6] (M = Rh, 3; Ir, 4) in which the ligand HL presents a fac κ3N,N′,P coordination mode. Treatment of THF solutions
of complexes 3 and 4 with hydrogen gas,
at room temperature, results in the formation of the metal hydrido-complexes
[Cp*MH(κ2N,P-H2L)][SbF6] (M = Rh, 5;
Ir, 6) in which the N(p-Tolyl) group
has been protonated. Complexes 3 and 4 react
with deuterated water in a reversible fashion resulting in the gradual
deuteration of the Cp* group. Heating at 383 K THF/H2O
solutions of the complexes 3 and 4 affords
the orthometalated complexes [Cp*M(κ3C,N,P-H2L-H)][SbF6] [M = Rh, 7; Ir, 8, H2L-H = Ph2PCH2CH2NC(NH(p-Tolyl))(NH(4-C6H3Me))], respectively. At 333 K, complexes 3 and 4 react in THF with methanol, primary alcohols,
or 2-propanol giving the metal-hydrido complexes 5 and 6, respectively. The reaction involves the acceptorless dehydrogenation
of the alcohols at a relatively low temperature, without the assistance
of an external base. The new complexes have been characterized by
the usual analytical and spectroscopic methods including the X-ray
diffraction determination of the crystal structures of complexes 1–5, 7, and 8. Notably, the chlorido complexes 1 and 2 crystallize both as enantiopure conglomerates and as racemates.
Reaction mechanisms are proposed based on stoichiometric reactions,
nuclear magnetic resonance studies, and X-ray crystallography as well
as density functional theory calculations. In solution, masked transition-metal
frustrated Lewis pairs
(TMFLPs) give rise to the corresponding TMFLP species which activate
dihydrogen, water, and alcohols following FLP reaction pathways. When
D2O or alcohols with deuterated OH groups were employed,
H/D exchange at the Cp* ligand (involving C(sp3)−H
activation) was observed. C(sp2)−H bond activation
involving orthometalation of the p-Tolyl ring was
also observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Carmona
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH), CSIC - Universidad de Zaragoza, Pedro Cerbuna 12, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Roberto Pérez
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH), CSIC - Universidad de Zaragoza, Pedro Cerbuna 12, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Joaquina Ferrer
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH), CSIC - Universidad de Zaragoza, Pedro Cerbuna 12, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Ricardo Rodríguez
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH), CSIC - Universidad de Zaragoza, Pedro Cerbuna 12, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Vincenzo Passarelli
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH), CSIC - Universidad de Zaragoza, Pedro Cerbuna 12, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Fernando J Lahoz
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH), CSIC - Universidad de Zaragoza, Pedro Cerbuna 12, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Pilar García-Orduña
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH), CSIC - Universidad de Zaragoza, Pedro Cerbuna 12, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Daniel Carmona
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH), CSIC - Universidad de Zaragoza, Pedro Cerbuna 12, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
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4
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Feichtner KS, Scharf LT, Scherpf T, Mallick B, Boysen N, Gessner VH. Tuning Ruthenium Carbene Complexes for Selective P-H Activation through Metal-Ligand Cooperation. Chemistry 2021; 27:17351-17360. [PMID: 34705314 PMCID: PMC9299219 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202103151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
The use of iminophosphoryl‐tethered ruthenium carbene complexes to activate secondary phosphine P−H bonds is reported. Complexes of type [(p‐cymene)‐RuC(SO2Ph)(PPh2NR)] (with R = SiMe3 or 4‐C6H4−NO2) were found to exhibit different reactivities depending on the electronics of the applied phosphine and the substituent at the iminophosphoryl moiety. Hence, the electron‐rich silyl‐substituted complex undergoes cyclometallation or shift of the imine moiety after cooperative activation of the P−H bond across the M=C linkage, depending on the electronics of the applied phosphine. Deuteration experiments and computational studies proved that cyclometallation is initiated by the activation process at the M=C bond and triggered by the high electron density at the metal in the phosphido intermediates. Consistently, replacement of the trimethylsilyl (TMS) group by the electron‐withdrawing 4‐nitrophenyl substituent allowed the selective cooperative P−H activation to form stable activation products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai-Stephan Feichtner
- Chair of Inorganic Chemistry II, Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, Universitätsstrasse 150, 44780, Bochum, Germany
| | - Lennart T Scharf
- Chair of Inorganic Chemistry II, Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, Universitätsstrasse 150, 44780, Bochum, Germany
| | - Thorsten Scherpf
- Chair of Inorganic Chemistry II, Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, Universitätsstrasse 150, 44780, Bochum, Germany
| | - Bert Mallick
- Chair of Inorganic Chemistry II, Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, Universitätsstrasse 150, 44780, Bochum, Germany
| | - Nils Boysen
- Chair of Inorganic Chemistry II, Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, Universitätsstrasse 150, 44780, Bochum, Germany
| | - Viktoria H Gessner
- Chair of Inorganic Chemistry II, Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, Universitätsstrasse 150, 44780, Bochum, Germany
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5
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6
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Bailey GA, Agapie T. Terminal Mo Carbide and Carbyne Reactivity: H2 Cleavage, B–C Bond Activation, and C–C Coupling. Organometallics 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.1c00336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Gwendolyn A. Bailey
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Theodor Agapie
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
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7
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Wang Q, Manzano RA, Tinnermann H, Sung S, Leforestier B, Krämer T, Young RD. Access to and Reactivity of Fe
0
, Fe
−I
, Fe
I
, and Fe
II
PC
carbene
P Pincer Complexes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202104130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Qingyang Wang
- Department of Chemistry National University of Singapore Singapore
| | | | | | - Simon Sung
- Department of Chemistry National University of Singapore Singapore
| | - Baptiste Leforestier
- Department of Chemistry University of Warwick UK
- Department of Chemistry Maynooth University Ireland
| | | | - Rowan D. Young
- Department of Chemistry National University of Singapore Singapore
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8
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Kiernicki JJ, Zeller M, Szymczak NK. Requirements for Late-Stage Hydroboration of Pyridine N-Heterocyclic Carbene Iron(0) Complexes: The Role of Ancillary Ligands. Organometallics 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.1c00307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- John J. Kiernicki
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, 930 North University Avenue, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Matthias Zeller
- H. C. Brown Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Nathaniel K. Szymczak
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, 930 North University Avenue, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
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9
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Wang Q, Manzano RA, Tinnermann H, Sung S, Leforestier B, Krämer T, Young RD. Access to and Reactivity of Fe 0 , Fe -I , Fe I , and Fe II PC carbene P Pincer Complexes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:18168-18177. [PMID: 34145715 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202104130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Revised: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Despite their promising metal-ligand cooperative reactivity, PCcarbene P pincer ligands are rarely reported for first-row transition-metal centres. Using a dehydration methodology, we report access to an Fe0 PCcarbene P pincer complex (1) that proceeds via an isolated α-hydroxylalkyl hydrido complex (3). Reversible carbonyl migration to the carbene position in 1 is found to allow coordination chemistry and E-H bond addition (E=H, B, Cl) across the iron-carbene linkage, representing a unique mechanism for metal-ligand cooperativity. The PCcarbene P pincer ligand is also found to stabilize formal FeII , FeI , and Fe-I oxidation states, as demonstrated with synthesis and characterization of the complexes [11-X][BArF 20 ] (X=Br, I), 12, and K[13]. Compound K[13] is found to be highly reactive, and abstracts hydrogen from a range of aliphatic C-H sources. Computational analysis by DFT suggests that the formal FeI and Fe-I complexes contain significant carbene radical character. The ability of the PCcarbene P ligand scaffold to partake in metal-ligand cooperativity and to support a range of iron oxidation states renders it as potentially useful in many catalytic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingyang Wang
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Richard A Manzano
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Simon Sung
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Baptiste Leforestier
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, UK.,Department of Chemistry, Maynooth University, Ireland
| | - Tobias Krämer
- Department of Chemistry, Maynooth University, Ireland
| | - Rowan D Young
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore
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10
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Hoffbauer MR, Iluc VM. [2+2] Cycloadditions with an Iron Carbene: A Critical Step in Enyne Metathesis. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:5592-5597. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c12175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Melissa R. Hoffbauer
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Vlad M. Iluc
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
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11
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Hidalgo N, Moreno JJ, Pérez-Jiménez M, Maya C, López-Serrano J, Campos J. Tuning Activity and Selectivity during Alkyne Activation by Gold(I)/Platinum(0) Frustrated Lewis Pairs. Organometallics 2020; 39:2534-2544. [PMID: 33281270 PMCID: PMC7707620 DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.0c00330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Introducing transition metals into frustrated Lewis pair systems has attracted considerable attention in recent years. Here we report a selection of three metal-only frustrated systems based on Au(I)/Pt(0) combinations and their reactivity toward alkynes. We have inspected the activation of acetylene and phenylacetylene. The gold(I) fragments are stabilized by three bulky phosphines bearing terphenyl groups. We have observed that subtle modifications on the substituents of these ligands proved critical in controlling the regioselectivity of acetylene activation and the product distribution resulting from C(sp)-H cleavage of phenylacetylene. A mechanistic picture based on experimental observations and computational analysis is provided. As a result of the cooperative action of the two metals of the frustrated pairs, several uncommon heterobimetallic structures have been characterized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nereida Hidalgo
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas (IIQ), Departamento de Química Inorgánica and Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) and University of Sevilla, Avenida Américo Vespucio 49, 41092 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Juan José Moreno
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas (IIQ), Departamento de Química Inorgánica and Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) and University of Sevilla, Avenida Américo Vespucio 49, 41092 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Marina Pérez-Jiménez
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas (IIQ), Departamento de Química Inorgánica and Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) and University of Sevilla, Avenida Américo Vespucio 49, 41092 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Celia Maya
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas (IIQ), Departamento de Química Inorgánica and Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) and University of Sevilla, Avenida Américo Vespucio 49, 41092 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Joaquín López-Serrano
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas (IIQ), Departamento de Química Inorgánica and Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) and University of Sevilla, Avenida Américo Vespucio 49, 41092 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Jesús Campos
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas (IIQ), Departamento de Química Inorgánica and Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) and University of Sevilla, Avenida Américo Vespucio 49, 41092 Sevilla, Spain
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12
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Hidalgo N, Moreno JJ, Pérez-Jiménez M, Maya C, López-Serrano J, Campos J. Evidence for Genuine Bimetallic Frustrated Lewis Pair Activation of Dihydrogen with Gold(I)/Platinum(0) Systems. Chemistry 2020; 26:5982-5993. [PMID: 31971290 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201905793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Revised: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
A joint experimental/computational effort to elucidate the mechanism of dihydrogen activation by a gold(I)/platinum(0) metal-only frustrated Lewis pair (FLP) is described herein. The drastic effects on H2 activation derived from subtle ligand modifications have also been investigated. The importance of the balance between bimetallic adduct formation and complete frustration has been interrogated, providing for the first time evidence for genuine metal-only FLP reactivity in solution. The origin of a strong inverse kinetic isotopic effect has also been clarified, offering further support for the proposed bimetallic FLP-type cleavage of dihydrogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nereida Hidalgo
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas (IIQ), Departamento de Química Inorgánica and, Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) and, University of Sevilla, Avenida Américo Vespucio 49, 41092, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Juan José Moreno
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas (IIQ), Departamento de Química Inorgánica and, Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) and, University of Sevilla, Avenida Américo Vespucio 49, 41092, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Marina Pérez-Jiménez
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas (IIQ), Departamento de Química Inorgánica and, Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) and, University of Sevilla, Avenida Américo Vespucio 49, 41092, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Celia Maya
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas (IIQ), Departamento de Química Inorgánica and, Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) and, University of Sevilla, Avenida Américo Vespucio 49, 41092, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Joaquín López-Serrano
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas (IIQ), Departamento de Química Inorgánica and, Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) and, University of Sevilla, Avenida Américo Vespucio 49, 41092, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Jesús Campos
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas (IIQ), Departamento de Química Inorgánica and, Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) and, University of Sevilla, Avenida Américo Vespucio 49, 41092, Sevilla, Spain
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13
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Sun X, Su W, Shi K, Xie Z, Zhu C. Triple Frustrated Lewis Pair-Type Reactivity on a Single Rare-Earth Metal Center. Chemistry 2020; 26:5354-5359. [PMID: 31950533 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201905629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Rare-earth metal cations have been used rarely as Lewis-acidic components in the chemistry of frustrated Lewis pairs (FLPs). Herein, we report the first cerium/phosphorus system (2) employing a heptadentate N4 P3 ligand, which exhibits triple FLP-type reactivity towards a series of organic substrates, including isocyanates, isothiocyanates, diazomethane, and azides on a single rare-earth Lewis acidic Ce center. This result shows that the Ce center and three P atoms in 2 could simultaneously activate three equivalents of small molecules under mild conditions. This study broadens the diversity of FLPs and demonstrates that rare earth based FLP exhibit unique properties compared with other FLP systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiong Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, P. R. China
| | - Wei Su
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, P. R. China
| | - Kaiying Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, P. R. China
| | - Zhuoyi Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, P. R. China
| | - Congqing Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, P. R. China
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14
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Terminal uranium(V)-nitride hydrogenations involving direct addition or Frustrated Lewis Pair mechanisms. Nat Commun 2020; 11:337. [PMID: 31953390 PMCID: PMC6969212 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-14221-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite their importance as mechanistic models for heterogeneous Haber Bosch ammonia synthesis from dinitrogen and dihydrogen, homogeneous molecular terminal metal-nitrides are notoriously unreactive towards dihydrogen, and only a few electron-rich, low-coordinate variants demonstrate any hydrogenolysis chemistry. Here, we report hydrogenolysis of a terminal uranium(V)-nitride under mild conditions even though it is electron-poor and not low-coordinate. Two divergent hydrogenolysis mechanisms are found; direct 1,2-dihydrogen addition across the uranium(V)-nitride then H-atom 1,1-migratory insertion to give a uranium(III)-amide, or with trimesitylborane a Frustrated Lewis Pair (FLP) route that produces a uranium(IV)-amide with sacrificial trimesitylborane radical anion. An isostructural uranium(VI)-nitride is inert to hydrogenolysis, suggesting the 5f1 electron of the uranium(V)-nitride is not purely non-bonding. Further FLP reactivity between the uranium(IV)-amide, dihydrogen, and triphenylborane is suggested by the formation of ammonia-triphenylborane. A reactivity cycle for ammonia synthesis is demonstrated, and this work establishes a unique marriage of actinide and FLP chemistries. Despite their importance as mechanistic models for Haber Bosch ammonia synthesis from N2 and H2, high oxidation state terminal metal-nitrides are notoriously unreactive towards H2. Here, the authors report hydrogenolysis of a uranium(V)-nitride, which can occur directly or by Frustrated Lewis Pair chemistry with a borane ancillary.
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15
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Khristolyubov DO, Lyubov DM, Shavyrin AS, Cherkasov AV, Fukin GK, Trifonov AA. Ln( ii) and Ca( ii) NC sp3N pincer type diarylmethanido complexes – promising catalysts for C–C and C–E (E = Si, P, N, S) bond formation. Inorg Chem Front 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0qi00369g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The first examples of Ln(ii) (Ln = Yb, Sm) and Ca [NCsp3N] pincer type diarylmethanido complexes were synthesized and successfully used as efficient and selective precatalyst for intermolecular C–C and C–E bond formation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dmitry M. Lyubov
- Institute of Organometallic Chemistry of Russian Academy of Sciences
- Nizhny Novgorod
- Russia
| | - Andrey S. Shavyrin
- Institute of Organometallic Chemistry of Russian Academy of Sciences
- Nizhny Novgorod
- Russia
| | - Anton V. Cherkasov
- Institute of Organometallic Chemistry of Russian Academy of Sciences
- Nizhny Novgorod
- Russia
| | - Georgy K. Fukin
- Institute of Organometallic Chemistry of Russian Academy of Sciences
- Nizhny Novgorod
- Russia
| | - Alexander A. Trifonov
- Institute of Organometallic Chemistry of Russian Academy of Sciences
- Nizhny Novgorod
- Russia
- Institute of Organoelement Compounds of Russian Academy of Sciences
- Moscow
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16
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Sun X, Zhu Q, Xie Z, Su W, Zhu J, Zhu C. An Unprecedented Ga/P Frustrated Lewis Pair: Synthesis, Characterization, and Reactivity. Chemistry 2019; 25:14295-14299. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201904081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiong Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination ChemistryJiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic MaterialsSchool of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringNanjing University Nanjing 210093 P. R. China
| | - Qin Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination ChemistryJiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic MaterialsSchool of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringNanjing University Nanjing 210093 P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), andDepartment of ChemistryCollege of Chemistry, and Chemical EngineeringXiamen University Xiamen 361005 P. R. China
| | - Zhuoyi Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination ChemistryJiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic MaterialsSchool of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringNanjing University Nanjing 210093 P. R. China
| | - Wei Su
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination ChemistryJiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic MaterialsSchool of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringNanjing University Nanjing 210093 P. R. China
| | - Jun Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), andDepartment of ChemistryCollege of Chemistry, and Chemical EngineeringXiamen University Xiamen 361005 P. R. China
| | - Congqing Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination ChemistryJiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic MaterialsSchool of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringNanjing University Nanjing 210093 P. R. China
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17
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Fayoumi A, Lyubov DM, Cherkasov AV, Fukin GK, Trifonov AA. Deprotonation of 1,1′-methylenebis[4-tert-butyl-2-(diphenylphosphino)-benzene] and its analogues: synthesis and crystal structure of {5-But-2-[4-But-2-(Ph2P)C6H3(Ph)CH]C6H3P(Ph)K(OEt2)}2. MENDELEEV COMMUNICATIONS 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mencom.2019.05.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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18
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Zwettler N, Mösch-Zanetti NC. Interaction of Metal Oxido Compounds with B(C 6 F 5 ) 3. Chemistry 2019; 25:6064-6076. [PMID: 30707470 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201805148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Lewis acid-base pair chemistry has been placed on a new level with the discovery that adduct formation between an electron donor (Lewis base) and acceptor (Lewis acid) can be inhibited by the introduction of steric demand, thus preserving the reactivity of both Lewis centers, resulting in highly unusual chemistry. Some of these highly versatile frustrated Lewis pairs (FLP) are capable of splitting a variety of small molecules, such as dihydrogen, in a heterolytic and even catalytic manner. This is in sharp contrast to classical reactions where the inert substrate must be activated by a metal-based catalyst. Very recently, research has emerged combining the two concepts, namely the formation of FLPs in which a metal compound represents the Lewis base, allowing for novel chemistry by using the heterolytic splitting power of both together with the redox reactivity of the metal. Such reactivity is not restricted to the metal center itself being a Lewis acid or base, also ancillary ligands can be used as part of the Lewis pair, still with the benefit of the redox-active metal center nearby. This Minireview is designed to highlight the novel reactions arising from the combination of metal oxido transition-metal or rare-earth-metal compounds with the Lewis acid B(C6 F5 )3 . It covers a wide area of chemistry including small molecule activation, hydrogenation and hydrosilylation catalysis, and olefin metathesis, substantiating the broad influence of the novel concept. Future goals of this young and exciting area are briefly discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niklas Zwettler
- Institute of Chemistry/Inorganic Chemistry, University of Graz, Schubertstrasse 1, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Nadia C Mösch-Zanetti
- Institute of Chemistry/Inorganic Chemistry, University of Graz, Schubertstrasse 1, 8010, Graz, Austria
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19
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony P. Deziel
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, 251 Nieuwland Science Hall, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Melissa R. Hoffbauer
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, 251 Nieuwland Science Hall, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Vlad M. Iluc
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, 251 Nieuwland Science Hall, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
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20
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Halder P, SantaLucia DJ, Park SV, Berry JF. From Pincer to Paddlewheel: C-H and C-S Bond Activation at Bis(2-pyridylthio)methane by Palladium(II). Inorg Chem 2019; 58:2270-2274. [PMID: 30698431 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.8b03568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The bis(2-pyridylthio)methanidopalladium(II) pincer complex (1), containing a Pd-C bond, was obtained from the reaction of bis(2-pyridylthio)methane (H2L) with palladium(II) acetate in toluene under reflux. When palladium(II) trifluoroacetate was used, H2L reacted to generate the tetrakis(pyridine-2-thiol)palladium(II) complex (2). Complex 2 was converted to a heterobimetallic palladium(II)-iron(II) paddlewheel complex (3) upon treatment with iron(II) triflate in the presence of a base in acetonitrile at room temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Partha Halder
- Department of Chemistry , University of Wisconsin-Madison , 1101 University Avenue , Madison , Wisconsin 53706 , United States
| | - Daniel J SantaLucia
- Department of Chemistry , University of Wisconsin-Madison , 1101 University Avenue , Madison , Wisconsin 53706 , United States
| | - Sungho V Park
- Department of Chemistry , University of Wisconsin-Madison , 1101 University Avenue , Madison , Wisconsin 53706 , United States
| | - John F Berry
- Department of Chemistry , University of Wisconsin-Madison , 1101 University Avenue , Madison , Wisconsin 53706 , United States
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21
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Sung S, Tinnermann H, Krämer T, Young RD. Direct oxide transfer from an η2-keto ligand to generate a cobalt PCcarbeneP(O) pincer complex. Dalton Trans 2019; 48:9920-9924. [DOI: 10.1039/c9dt02313e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
We report the direct carbonyl cleavage in a κ3-P′,(η2-C,O),P′′ ligand by a monomeric cobalt centre through metal–ligand cooperativity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Sung
- Department of Chemistry
- National University of Singapore
- Singapore 117543
- Singapore
| | - Hendrik Tinnermann
- Department of Chemistry
- National University of Singapore
- Singapore 117543
- Singapore
| | - Tobias Krämer
- Department of Chemistry
- Maynooth University
- Maynooth
- Ireland
| | - Rowan D. Young
- Department of Chemistry
- National University of Singapore
- Singapore 117543
- Singapore
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22
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Cui P, Hoffbauer MR, Vyushkova M, Iluc VM. Oxidation reactions of a nucleophilic palladium carbene: mono and bi-radical carbenes. Dalton Trans 2019; 48:9663-9668. [DOI: 10.1039/c9dt00585d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A series of mono and bi-radical carbenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Cui
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- University of Notre Dame
- Notre Dame
- USA
| | | | - Mariya Vyushkova
- Notre Dame Radiation Laboratory
- University of Notre Dame
- Notre Dame
- USA
- Center for Research Computing
| | - Vlad M. Iluc
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- University of Notre Dame
- Notre Dame
- USA
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23
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Sung S, Wang Q, Krämer T, Young RD. Synthesis and reactivity of a PC carbeneP cobalt(i) complex: the missing link in the cobalt PXP pincer series (X = B, C, N). Chem Sci 2018; 9:8234-8241. [PMID: 30542572 PMCID: PMC6240806 DOI: 10.1039/c8sc02782j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2018] [Accepted: 09/05/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
We report the first example of a cobalt PCcarbeneP pincer complex (1) featuring a central alkylidene carbon donor accessed through the dehydration of an alcoholic POP proligand.
We report the first example of a cobalt PCcarbeneP pincer complex (1) featuring a central alkylidene carbon donor accessed through the dehydration of an alcoholic POP proligand. Complex 1 shares bonding similarities with cobalt PBP and PNP pincer complexes where the donor atom engages in π-bonding with the cobalt centre, and thus completes the PXP (X = B, C, N) pincer ligand series for cobalt (for X donors that partake in M–L π-bonding). As compared to PBP and PNP pincer complexes, which are known to be good hydride and proton acceptors (respectively), complex 1 is found to be an effective hydrogen atom acceptor. Complex 1 partakes in cooperative ligand reactivity, engaging in several small molecule activations with styrene, bromine, carbon disulphide, phenyl acetylene, acetonitrile, hydrogen, benzaldehyde and water (through microreversibility). The mechanism for the formation of complex 1 is studied through the isolation and computational analysis of key intermediates. The formation of 1 is found to avoid C–H activation of the proligand, and instead proceeds through a combination of O–H activation, hydrogen atom transfer, β-hydride elimination and hydrogen activation processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Sung
- Department of Chemistry , National University of Singapore , 3 Science Drive 3 , Singapore 117543 .
| | - Qingyang Wang
- Department of Chemistry , National University of Singapore , 3 Science Drive 3 , Singapore 117543 .
| | - Tobias Krämer
- Department of Chemistry , Maynooth University , Maynooth , Ireland
| | - Rowan D Young
- Department of Chemistry , National University of Singapore , 3 Science Drive 3 , Singapore 117543 .
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24
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LaPierre EA, Piers WE, Gendy C. Divergent Reactivity of CO2, CO, and Related Substrates at the Nickel Carbon Double Bond of (PCcarbeneP)Ni(II) Pincer Complexes. Organometallics 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.8b00440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Etienne A. LaPierre
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive N.W., Calgary, Alberta, Canada T2N 1N4
| | - Warren E. Piers
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive N.W., Calgary, Alberta, Canada T2N 1N4
| | - Chris Gendy
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive N.W., Calgary, Alberta, Canada T2N 1N4
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25
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Hoffbauer MR, Comanescu CC, Dymm BJ, Iluc VM. Influence of the Leaving Group on C–H Activation Pathways in Palladium Pincer Complexes. Organometallics 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.8b00237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Melissa R. Hoffbauer
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, 251 Nieuwland Science Hall, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Cezar C. Comanescu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, 251 Nieuwland Science Hall, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Brittany J. Dymm
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, 251 Nieuwland Science Hall, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Vlad M. Iluc
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, 251 Nieuwland Science Hall, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
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Zwettler N, Walg SP, Belaj F, Mösch‐Zanetti NC. Heterolytic Si-H Bond Cleavage at a Molybdenum-Oxido-Based Lewis Pair. Chemistry 2018; 24:7149-7160. [PMID: 29521459 PMCID: PMC6001527 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201800226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The reaction of a molybdenum(VI) oxido imido complex with the strong Lewis acid B(C6 F5 )3 gave access to the Lewis adduct [Mo{OB(C6 F5 )3 }(NtBu)L2 ] featuring reversible B-O bonding in solution. The resulting frustrated Lewis pair (FLP)-like reactivity is reflected by the compound's ability to heterolytically cleave Si-H bonds, leading to a clean formation of the novel cationic MoVI species 3 a (R=Et) and 3 b (R=Ph) of the general formula [Mo(OSiR3 )(NtBu)L2 ][HB(C6 F5 )3 ]. These compounds possess properties highly unusual for molybdenum d0 species such as an intensive, charge-transfer-based color as well as a reversible redox couple at very low potentials, both dependent on the silane used. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction analyses of 2 and 4 b, a derivative of 3 b featuring the [FB(C6 F5 )3 ]- anion, picture the stepwise elongation of the Mo=O bond, leading to a large increase in the electrophilicity of the metal center. The reaction of 3 a and 3 b with benzaldehyde allowed for the regeneration of compound 2 by hydrosilylation of the benzaldehyde. NMR spectroscopy suggested an unusual mechanism for the transformation, involving a substrate insertion in the B-H bond of the borohydride anion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niklas Zwettler
- Institute of Chemistry, Inorganic ChemistryUniversity of GrazSchubertstrasse 18010GrazAustria
| | - Simon P. Walg
- Institute of Chemistry, Inorganic ChemistryUniversity of GrazSchubertstrasse 18010GrazAustria
| | - Ferdinand Belaj
- Institute of Chemistry, Inorganic ChemistryUniversity of GrazSchubertstrasse 18010GrazAustria
| | - Nadia C. Mösch‐Zanetti
- Institute of Chemistry, Inorganic ChemistryUniversity of GrazSchubertstrasse 18010GrazAustria
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27
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Khristolyubov DO, Lyubov DM, Cherkasov AV, Fukin GK, Shavyrin AS, Trifonov AA. Alkali-Metal Alkyl Complexes with the Tridentate Benzhydryl Ligand [2,2′-(4-MeC6H4NMe2)2CH]−. Organometallics 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.8b00182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dmitry O. Khristolyubov
- Institute of Organometallic Chemistry of Russian Academy of Sciences, Tropinina str. 49, GSP-445, 630950 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Dmitry M. Lyubov
- Institute of Organometallic Chemistry of Russian Academy of Sciences, Tropinina str. 49, GSP-445, 630950 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Anton V. Cherkasov
- Institute of Organometallic Chemistry of Russian Academy of Sciences, Tropinina str. 49, GSP-445, 630950 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Georgy K. Fukin
- Institute of Organometallic Chemistry of Russian Academy of Sciences, Tropinina str. 49, GSP-445, 630950 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Andrey S. Shavyrin
- Institute of Organometallic Chemistry of Russian Academy of Sciences, Tropinina str. 49, GSP-445, 630950 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Alexander A. Trifonov
- Institute of Organometallic Chemistry of Russian Academy of Sciences, Tropinina str. 49, GSP-445, 630950 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
- Institute of Organoelement Compounds of Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilova str. 28, 119334 Moscow, Russia
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30
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Rothstein PE, Comanescu CC, Iluc VM. Formation of Palladium η
2
‐Bound Chalcogenoketones across a Pd
+
−C
−
Bond. Chemistry 2017; 23:16948-16952. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201703553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Patrick E. Rothstein
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of Notre Dame Notre Dame IN 46556 USA
| | - Cezar C. Comanescu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of Notre Dame Notre Dame IN 46556 USA
| | - Vlad M. Iluc
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of Notre Dame Notre Dame IN 46556 USA
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31
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Barrett BJ, Iluc VM. Metal-ligand cooperation between palladium and a diphosphine ligand with an olefinic backbone. Inorganica Chim Acta 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2016.08.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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32
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Barrett BJ, Iluc VM. An Adaptable Chelating Diphosphine Ligand for the Stabilization of Palladium and Platinum Carbenes. Organometallics 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.6b00924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Brittany J. Barrett
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Vlad M. Iluc
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
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Doyle LE, Piers WE, Bi DW. Cationic PCP iridaepoxide and carbene complexes for facile water elimination and activation processes. Dalton Trans 2017; 46:4346-4354. [DOI: 10.1039/c7dt00563f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Pathways for water activation and elimination at cationic iridium PCP pincer compounds are explored.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - David W. Bi
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Calgary
- Calgary
- Canada
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34
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The chemistry of the carbon-transition metal double and triple bond: Annual survey covering the year 2015. Coord Chem Rev 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2016.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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35
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Miller CJ, Chadha U, Ulibarri-Sanchez JR, Dickie DA, Kemp RA. Structure and Lewis-base reactivity of bicyclic low-valent germanium and tin complexes bridged by bis(diisopropylphosphino)amine. Polyhedron 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2016.01.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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36
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Ren Z, Dong G. Direct Observation of C–H Cyclopalladation at Tertiary Positions Enabled by an Exo-Directing Group. Organometallics 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.6b00185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Ren
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Guangbin Dong
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
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Lambic NS, Sommer RD, Ison EA. Transition-Metal Oxos as the Lewis Basic Component of Frustrated Lewis Pairs. J Am Chem Soc 2016; 138:4832-42. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.6b00705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nikola S. Lambic
- Department
of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, 2620 Yarbrough Drive, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-8204, United States
| | - Roger D. Sommer
- Department
of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, 2620 Yarbrough Drive, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-8204, United States
| | - Elon A. Ison
- Department
of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, 2620 Yarbrough Drive, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-8204, United States
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Smith JD, Borau-Garcia J, Piers WE, Spasyuk D. Systematic dismantling of a carefully designed PCcarbeneP pincer ligand via C–C bond activations at an iridium centre. CAN J CHEM 2016. [DOI: 10.1139/cjc-2015-0251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
An electron-rich PCsp2P ligand, incorporating N,N-dimethylamino groups para to the anchoring carbene donor of the ligand, was prepared and coordinated to iridium, producing the iridium carbene chloride 2. This species undergoes facile reaction with N2O to afford an iridaepoxide complex, 3, in which an oxygen atom has been transferred to the Ir=C bond. The rate of this reaction is significantly faster than that observed for the less electron rich, unsubstituted ligand. However, further reaction of 3 involving cleavage of one of the ligand C–C bonds was observed, producing the bis-phosphine chorido complex 4. This process was accelerated by the presence of H2. Heating 4 under H2 resulted in hydrogenolysis of the ortho-metalated phosphine ligand to give a hydrido complex (5) and decarbonylation of the acyl phosphine ligand to give, finally, Vaska’s complex analog 6. All compounds were fully characterized, and the sequence represents the dismantling of the PCsp2P ligand framework.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joel D. Smith
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Javier Borau-Garcia
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Warren E. Piers
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Denis Spasyuk
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
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Cui P, Hoffbauer MR, Vyushkova M, Iluc VM. Heterobimetallic Pd-K carbene complexes via one-electron reductions of palladium radical carbenes. Chem Sci 2016; 7:4444-4452. [PMID: 30155092 PMCID: PMC6014298 DOI: 10.1039/c6sc00948d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2015] [Accepted: 03/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Heterobimetallic Pd-K carbenes featuring Pd-Ccarbene-K moieties were synthesized via an unprecedented sequential substitution/reduction reaction from a radical precursor, [{PC˙(sp2)P} tBuPdI] ([PC(sp2)P] tBu = bis[2-(di-iso-propylphosphino)-4-tert-butylphenyl]methylene). Polymeric structures were observed in the solid state for the heterobimetallic compounds that can be interrupted in the presence of a donor solvent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Cui
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of Notre Dame , Notre Dame , IN 46556 , USA .
| | - Melissa R Hoffbauer
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of Notre Dame , Notre Dame , IN 46556 , USA .
| | - Mariya Vyushkova
- Notre Dame Radiation Laboratory , University of Notre Dame , Notre Dame , IN 46556 , USA
| | - Vlad M Iluc
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of Notre Dame , Notre Dame , IN 46556 , USA .
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40
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Weismann J, Waterman R, Gessner VH. Metal-Ligand Cooperativity in a Methandiide-Derived Iridium Carbene Complex. Chemistry 2016; 22:3846-55. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201503936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Julia Weismann
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie; Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg; Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Rory Waterman
- Department of Chemistry; University of Vermont; Burlington Vermont 05405 USA
| | - Viktoria H. Gessner
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie; Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg; Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
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41
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Comanescu CC, Iluc VM. E–H (E = B, Si, Ge) bond activation of pinacolborane, silanes, and germanes by nucleophilic palladium carbene complexes. Chem Commun (Camb) 2016; 52:9048-51. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cc09468b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The polarity of the Pd–C bond can be tuned by the phosphine substituents of palladium carbene complexes as shown by the reactions of these compounds with silanes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cezar C. Comanescu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- University of Notre Dame
- Notre Dame
- USA
| | - Vlad M. Iluc
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- University of Notre Dame
- Notre Dame
- USA
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42
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Smith JD, Logan JR, Doyle LE, Burford RJ, Sugawara S, Ohnita C, Yamamoto Y, Piers WE, Spasyuk DM, Borau-Garcia J. Cationic mono and dicarbonyl pincer complexes of rhodium and iridium to assess the donor properties of PCcarbeneP ligands. Dalton Trans 2016; 45:12669-79. [DOI: 10.1039/c6dt02615j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The donor properties of five different PCcarbeneP ligands are assessed by evaluation of the CO stretching frequencies in iridium(i) and rhodium(i) carbonyl cations.
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43
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Cheisson T, Auffrant A. Palladium(ii) complexes featuring a mixed phosphine–pyridine–iminophosphorane pincer ligand: synthesis and reactivity. Dalton Trans 2016; 45:2069-78. [DOI: 10.1039/c5dt02789f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Cationic and neutral Pd complexes featuring an original phosphine–pyridine–iminophosphorane (PNN) ligand were synthesised. In particular, an unexpected borylated complex was isolated by reaction with B(C6F5)3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thibault Cheisson
- Laboratoire de Chimie Moléculaire
- Ecole Polytechnique
- UMR CNRS 9168
- F-91128 Palaiseau Cedex
- France
| | - Audrey Auffrant
- Laboratoire de Chimie Moléculaire
- Ecole Polytechnique
- UMR CNRS 9168
- F-91128 Palaiseau Cedex
- France
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44
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Doyle LE, Piers WE, Borau-Garcia J, Sgro MJ, Spasyuk DM. Mechanistic studies on the addition of hydrogen to iridaepoxide complexes with subsequent elimination of water. Chem Sci 2015; 7:921-931. [PMID: 30155011 PMCID: PMC6090529 DOI: 10.1039/c5sc03575a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2015] [Accepted: 10/26/2015] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Iridium complexes of the PCsp2P ligand in which the donors are linked by 2,3-benzo[b]thiophene groups engage in the cooperative activation of N2O and the resulting iridaepoxides can be treated with dihydrogen to effect elimination of water and regeneration of the starting iridium complex.
Iridium complexes of the PCsp2P ligand in which the donors are linked by 2,3-benzo[b]thiophene groups engage in the cooperative activation of N2O and the resulting iridaepoxides can be treated with dihydrogen to effect elimination of water and regeneration of the starting iridium complex. The mechanism of the steps in this reaction have been investigated using low temperature NMR investigations that reveal H/D exchange processes that point to a highly reactive kinetic product of hydrogen addition to the iridaepoxide. This intermediate is also involved in the water elimination pathway, and model compounds have been synthesized to provide further evidence for the mechanistic proposals for water elimination. The adaptable donor properties of the PCsp2P ligand framework, particularly the anchoring carbene donor, plays a significant role in the ability of these compounds to mediate the transformation of N2O in this way.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren E Doyle
- University of Calgary , Department of Chemistry , 2500 University Drive N.W. , Calgary , Alberta T2N 1N4 , Canada .
| | - Warren E Piers
- University of Calgary , Department of Chemistry , 2500 University Drive N.W. , Calgary , Alberta T2N 1N4 , Canada .
| | - Javier Borau-Garcia
- University of Calgary , Department of Chemistry , 2500 University Drive N.W. , Calgary , Alberta T2N 1N4 , Canada .
| | - Michael J Sgro
- University of Calgary , Department of Chemistry , 2500 University Drive N.W. , Calgary , Alberta T2N 1N4 , Canada .
| | - Denis M Spasyuk
- University of Calgary , Department of Chemistry , 2500 University Drive N.W. , Calgary , Alberta T2N 1N4 , Canada .
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45
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Cui P, Iluc VM. Redox-induced umpolung of transition metal carbenes. Chem Sci 2015; 6:7343-7354. [PMID: 29142668 PMCID: PMC5633845 DOI: 10.1039/c5sc02859k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2015] [Accepted: 09/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Metal carbene complexes have been at the forefront of organic and organometallic synthesis and are instrumental in guiding future sustainable chemistry efforts. While classical Fischer and Schrock type carbenes have been intensely studied, compounds that do not fall within one of these categories have attracted attention only recently. In addition, applications of carbene complexes rarely take advantage of redox processes, which could open up a new dimension for their use in practical processes. Herein, we report an umpolung of a nucleophilic palladium carbene complex, [{PC(sp2)P} tBuPd(PMe3)] ({PC(sp2)P} tBu = bis[2-(di-iso-propylphosphino)-4-tert-butylphenyl]methylene), realized by successive one-electron oxidations that generated a cationic carbene complex, [{PC(sp2)P} tBuPdI]+, via a carbene radical, [{PC˙(sp2)P} tBuPdI]. An EPR spectroscopic study of [{PC˙(sp2)P} tBuPdI] indicated the presence of a ligand-centered radical, also supported by the results of reactions with 9,10-dihydroanthracene and PhSSPh. The cationic carbene complex shows electrophilic behavior toward nucleophiles such as NaH, p TolNHLi, PhONa, and PMe3, resulting from an inversion of the electronic character of the Pd-Ccarbene bond in [{PC(sp2)P} tBuPd(PMe3)]. The redox induced umpolung is reversible and unprecedented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Cui
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of Notre Dame , Notre Dame , IN 46556 , USA .
| | - Vlad M Iluc
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of Notre Dame , Notre Dame , IN 46556 , USA .
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Affiliation(s)
- Cezar C. Comanescu
- Department
of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, 251 Nieuwland Science Hall, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Vlad M. Iluc
- Department
of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, 251 Nieuwland Science Hall, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
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47
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Comanescu CC, Vyushkova M, Iluc VM. Palladium carbene complexes as persistent radicals. Chem Sci 2015; 6:4570-4579. [PMID: 28717474 PMCID: PMC5500858 DOI: 10.1039/c5sc01441g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2015] [Accepted: 05/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A series of palladium(ii) persistent radical carbene complexes, [PC˙(sp2)P]PdX (X = Cl, Br, I), was synthesized from the nucleophilic carbene [PC(sp2)P]PdPMe3.
A series of palladium(ii) radical carbene complexes, [PC˙(sp2)P]PdI, [PC˙(sp2)P]PdBr, and [PC˙(sp2)P]PdCl (PC(sp3)H2P = bis[2-(di-iso-propylphosphino)-phenyl]methane), is described. Compound [PC˙(sp2)P]PdI dimerizes to {[PC(sp2)P]PdI}2 in the solid state, akin to the formation of Gomberg's dimer. While the bromo and the iodo derivatives could be obtained from the oxidation of [PC(sp2)P]Pd(PMe3) by the respective dihalogens, a halogen transfer reaction from CH2Cl2 was used for the formation of [PC˙(sp2)P]PdCl. The halogen transfer from CH2X2 (X = Cl, Br, I) could be used to obtain all three radical carbene palladium complexes and also allowed the isolation of [PC(CH2)P]Pd(PMe3), which is the result of methylene group transfer from CH2X2. Compound [PC(CH2)P]Pd(PMe3) was independently synthesized from [PC(CH3)HP]PdCl2, which contains a supporting ligand analogous to that of the radical carbene complexes but has one of the hydrogen atoms replaced by a methyl group. All three carbene radical species abstract a hydrogen from 9,10-dihydroanthracene or nBu3SnH.
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Affiliation(s)
- C C Comanescu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of Notre Dame , Notre Dame , IN 46556 , USA .
| | - M Vyushkova
- Notre Dame Radiation Laboratory , University of Notre Dame , Notre Dame , IN 46556 , USA
| | - V M Iluc
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of Notre Dame , Notre Dame , IN 46556 , USA .
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48
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Weismann J, Gessner VH. Si–H activation by means of metal ligand cooperation in a methandiide derived carbene complex. Chem Commun (Camb) 2015; 51:14909-12. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cc05201g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Si–H bond activation of a series of silanes by means of metal ligand cooperation is reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Weismann
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie
- Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg
- 97074 Würzburg
- Germany
| | - Viktoria H. Gessner
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie
- Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg
- 97074 Würzburg
- Germany
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